2025 In Archosaur Paleontology

This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that are scheduled described during the year 2025, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that are scheduled to occur in the year 2025.

Pseudosuchians

New pseudosuchian taxa

General pseudosuchian research

* Fitch, Kammerer & Nesbitt (2025) describe femora of poposauroids similar to ''Poposaurus gracilis'' from the Cumnock and Pekin formations ( Chatham Group; North Carolina, United States), expanding known geographical range of Late Triassic poposauroids.
* McDavid (2025) discusses the validity and authorship of the name ''Prestosuchus'', considering the name '' Huenesuchus'' a junior synonym.

Aetosaur research

* A study on the histology of osteoderms of '' Stagonolepis olenkae'' is published by Błaszczeć & Antczak (2025).
* Reyes et al. (2025) study the anatomy of the holotype specimen of '' Calyptosuchus wellesi'', describe new fossil material of members of the species from the Triassic Chinle Formation (Arizona, United States) providing new information on the skull anatomy of the studied aetosaur, study the phylogenetic relationships of the species, and name a new aetosaur clade Calyptosuchini.
* Haldar & Ray (2025) identify osteoderms of a probable desmatosuchine aetosaur from the Upper Triassic Tiki Formation (India).

Crocodylomorph research

* A study on the diversity of cranial shapes of crocodylomorphs throughout their evolutionary history is published by Melstrom et al. (2025), who find that crocodylomorphs with generalist dietary ecology were most likely to survive and diversify after mass extinction events.
* A study on bone histology of '' Trialestes romeri'', providing evidence of a rapid growth rate, is published by Ponce, Cerda & Desojo (2025).
* Wang et al. (2025) describe a new specimen of '' Platyognathus hsui'' from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation (China), identify ''P. hsui'' as an early-branching relative of gobiosuchids, and name a new superfamily Gobiosuchoidea.
* A study on the biodiversity of thalattosuchians throughout their evolutionary history, attempting to identify factors driving thalattosuchian evolution, is published by Forêt et al. (2025).
* Redescription of '' Macrospondylus bollensis'' is published by Johnson et al. (2025).
* A study on metabolic rates of notosuchians, providing evidence of mass-independent maximal metabolic rates that were higher than those of extant crocodilians but lower than those of monitor lizards, in published by Sena et al. (2025).
* A study on the morphology, histology and growth of osteoderms of Late Cretaceous notosuchians from the Bauru Group (Brazil) is published by Cajado et al. (2025).
* The first histological study of appendicular bones of a peirosaurid is published by Navarro et al. (2025), who interpret their findings as indicative of different growth dynamics of the studied individual compared to other notosuchians.
* Fossil material of a member or a relative of the genus ''Sebecus'' is described from the late Neogene strata of the Yanigua/ Los Haitises Formation (Dominican Republic) by Viñola López et al. (2025).
* Kuzmin et al. (2025) describe the braincase osteology and neuroanatomy of '' Paralligator'', and interpret their findings as indicative of similarity of brain modifications during ontogeny in paralligatorids and extant crocodilians.
* New allodaposuchid fossil material, providing new information on the postcranial anatomy of members of this group, is described from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) strata from the Fontllonga-6 locality (Fontllonga Group; Spain) by Della Giustina, Rocchi & Vila (2025).
* A study on the anatomy and affinities of the first specimens of '' Borealosuchus'' from earliest Paleocene of Colorado, filling temporal and geographical gaps in the fossil record of members of the genus, is published by Lessner, Petermann & Lyson (2025).
* Walter et al. (2025) study the phylogenetic affinities of ''Deinosuchus'' and recover it as a member of the crocodylian stem group.
* Evidence from the study of the bone histology of '' Diplocynodon hantoniensis'', interpreted as indicative of a similar growth rate in ''D. hantoniensis'' and the American alligator, is published by Hoffman et al. (2025).
* Description of the anatomy of the inner skull cavities of ''Diplocynodon tormis'' is published by Serrano-Martínez et al. (2025).
* Pligersdorffer, Burke & Mannion (2025) reconstruct the endocranial anatomy of '' Argochampsa krebsi'', and report evidence of presence of salt glands in the studied gavialoid.
* Description of a new specimen of '' Dolichochampsa minima'' from the El Molino Formation (Bolivia), providing new information on the anatomy of members of this species, and a study on its phylogenetic affinities is published by Vélez-Rosado et al. (2025).
* Evidence of variability of the skull morphology of extant Nile crocodiles and broad-snouted crocodilians from the Paleogene strata in the Faiyum Governorate and Miocene strata from the Wadi Moghra site (Egypt) is presented by El-Degwi et al. (2025).
* Górka et al. (2025) revise crocodilian records from the early and middle Miocene strata in Czech Republic and Poland, and describe a new osteoderm from the Szczerców field of the Bełchatów mine (Poland) representing the northernmost record of a Neogene crocodilian reported to date.
* Harzhauser et al. (2025) describe an osteoderm of a crocodilian (possibly a member of the genus '' Diplocynodon'') living approximately 12.2 million years ago from the strata of the Vienna Basin (Austria), representing the youngest record of a crocodilian from Central Europe reported to date.

Non-avian dinosaurs

New dinosaur taxa

General non-avian dinosaur research

* Maidment and Butler (2025) review the state of dinosaur taxonomy and attempt to determine the geographical areas and time periods likely to offer the best opportunities for major new discoveries.
* Heath et al. (2025) use historical biogeographic estimation methods to estimate the distribution of early dinosaurs and their relatives, and consider low-latitude Gondwana to be the most likely area of origin of dinosaurs, and possibly of archosaurs in general.
* Sen, Bagchi & Ray (2025) study the biogeography of Late Triassic dinosaurs, and interpret the fossil record as consistent with South American origin of dinosaurs followed by simultaneous dispersals into Laurasia and east Gondwana.
* Dempsey et al. (2025) review the utility of methods used to estimate body mass of extinct tetrapods, and present new estimates of body segment mass properties of 52 non-avian dinosaurs.
* Review of sources of information about dinosaur locomotion, and of studies of dinosaur locomotion from the preceding years, is published by Falkingham (2025).
* Baumgart et al. (2025) review the utility of methods used in the studies of dinosaur thermoregulation and respiratory, cardiovascular and digestive systems.
* Review of studies of dinosaur reproduction and ontogeny, and of challenges in the studies of dinosaur reproductive biology, is published by Chapelle, Griffin & Pol (2025).
* Schweitzer et al. (2025) study the composition of vascular-like microstructures isolated from dinosaur fossils from the Judith River and Hell Creek formations, and interpret their findings as supporting endogeneity of the studied structures, but also report the presence of microorganismal components in the studied samples.
* Evidence of the presence of a strong connective tissue in the cheek region of dinosaur skulls, linking the zygoma and mandible in dinosaurs, is presented by Sharpe et al. (2025).
* Zhang et al. (2025) interpret secondary eggshell units in eggs of non-avian dinosaurs as biogenic in nature, as interpret their rarity in eggs of maniraptoran theropods as suggestive of a change of the biomineralization mechanism of dinosaur eggshells near the origin of Maniraptora.
* Review of the fossil record of Triassic-Jurassic dinosaurs and other reptiles from the Connecticut Valley (Connecticut and Massachusetts, United States) is published by Galton, Regalado Fernández & Farlow (2025), who consider '' Ammosaurus major'' to be a separate taxon from ''Anchisaurus polyzelus''.
* Milàn & Vallon (2025) study dinosaur tracks from the Middle Jurassic Bagå Formation (Denmark), interpreted as evidence of presence of a diverse dinosaur fauna unknown from skeletal remains.
* New tracksites including sauropod tracks and dominated by ornithischian tracks are described from the Middle Jurassic Dansirit Formation ( Shemshak Group, Iran) by Xing, Abbassi & Chen (2025).
* Deiques et al. (2025) report the discovery of new dinosaur tracks from the Upper Jurassic Guará Formation (Brazil), including second record of an ankylosaur track and the best preserved theropod track from the formation reported to date.
* Evidence from the study of stable calcium isotope data from tooth enamel of dinosaurs from the Carnegie Quarry at Dinosaur National Monument (Morrison Formation; Utah, United States), interpreted as indicating that ''Allosaurus'' did not consume significant amounts of bone, as well as indicative of niche partitioning between ''Camarasaurus'' and ''Camptosaurus'', is presented by Norris et al. (2025).
* Romilio et al. (2025) reconstruct an ornithopod trackway from the Lower Cretaceous strata from the Browns Creek tracksite (Eumeralla Formation; Victoria, Australia), and report the discovery of new theropod tracks from the same track horizon.
* Carrano (2025) identifies the first tyrannosauroid and neoceratopsian fossil material from the Lower Cretaceous Newark Canyon Formation (Nevada, United States).
* Yu et al. (2025) report the discovery of new tyrannosaurid, dromaeosaurid ( dromaeosaurine and velociraptorine), titanosaur and hadrosauroid teeth from the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation, providing new information on the diversity of Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from the Songliao Basin (China).
* A study on habitat preferences of Campanian and Maastrichtian dinosaurs from south-western Europe is published by Vázquez López et al. (2025).
* A study on the structure of the latest Cretaceous dinosaur fossil record from North America is published by Dean et al. (2025), who argue that research on diversity dynamics of dinosaurs before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event is hampered by geological sampling biases.

Saurischian research

* Garcia, Martínez & Müller (2025) identify pathological marks on the skull bones of herrerasaurid specimens representing the oldest record of pathologies in dinosaurs reported to date, and interpret those lesions as likely resulting from agonistic behaviour of the studied dinosaurs.
* Theropod and sauropod trace fossils, including possible drag marks and evidence of trampling, are described from the Lower Jurassic Kota Formation (India) by Rozario & Dasgupta (2025).
* New assemblage of theropod and sauropod tracks produced in a lagoonal margin environment is described from the Middle Jurassic Kilmaluag Formation (United Kingdom) by Blakesley et al. (2025).
* Gesualdi et al. (2025) describe sauropod and theropod tracks from the Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous Chacarilla Formation (Chile), providing evidence of presence of small, medium and large-bodied theropod in the subtropical arid environments of Gondwana during the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition.
* A study on the purported swimming sauropod trail from the Mayan Dude Ranch tracksite in the Lower Cretaceous Glen Rose Formation (Texas, United States), as well as on the second manus-dominated sauropod trackway and on the theropod track from the same track horizon, is published by Adams et al. (2025), who interpret the studied tracks as unlikely to be produced by dinosaurs that buoyed in deep water.
* A tooth of a theropod distinct from '' Sinotyrannus'', as well as a titanosauriform tooth representing the youngest sauropod fossil from the Jehol Biota reported to date, are described from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation (China) by Yin et al. (2025).
* Marković et al. (2025) report the discovery of theropod and sauropod fossil material from the Maastrichtian strata from the Osmakovo fossil site, representing the first body fossils of non-avian dinosaurs reported from Serbia.

Theropod research

* A study on the shape and growth of snouts and beaks of extinct theropods and extant birds, providing evidence of a conserved growth pattern of the rostrum throughout the evolutionary history of theropods, is published by Garland et al. (2025).
* Marques et al. (2025) compare the performance of different machine learning models used for identification of isolated theropod teeth.
* Theropod tracks assigned to three co-occurring ichnotaxa are described from the Lower Jurassic strata of the Peyre site (Causses Basin, France) by Moreau, Sciau & Jean (2025).
* Piñuela et al. (2025) report the discovery of a theropod footprint preserved with a detached sandstone undertrack from the Upper Jurassic Lastres Formation (Spain), providing evidence of foot movement through the sediment and evidence of changes of footprint morphology at different levels of sediment depth, with some of the successive footprint outlines showing similarities to footprints of members of different dinosaur groups; the authors also reevaluate the type series of the ichnotaxon '' Iguanodontipus'', and argue that some of the studied footprints might have been produced by a theropod.
* Buntin et al. (2025) report the discovery of new mating display scrapes of theropods from the Cenomanian strata of the Dakota Sandstone at Dinosaur Ridge (Colorado, United States), and interpret the site preserving the studied traces as likely to be a lek site.
* Evidence from the study of theropod tracks from the Maastrichtian strata from the Torotoro National Park (Bolivia), indicating that the formation of tail traces associated with the studied trackways was related to walking kinematics of theropods in soft substrate, is presented by McLarty et al. (2025).
* Indeterminate theropod phalanges with similarities to phalanges of digging mammals are described from the Turonian Bissekty Formation (Uzbekistan) by Averianov (2025).
* Ősi, Kolláti & Nagy (2025) report evidence of greater diversity of teeth of Late Cretaceous theropods from Central Europe than recognized in earlier studies, and interpret the studied teeth of large tetanurans as indicative of feeding patterns similar to those of the Komodo dragon.
* A new theropod specimen, likely distinct from ''Sinosaurus triassicus'' and '' Shuangbaisaurus anlongbaoensis'' and related to averostrans, is described from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation (China) by Li et al. (2025).
* Cau & Paterna (2025) describe new theropod fossil material from the Kem Kem Group (Morocco) and revise ''Bahariasaurus'' and ''Deltadromeus'', interpreting the former taxon as an abelisauroid showing convergences with the ornithomimosaurs and a senior synonym of the latter taxon; the authors also confirm that the fossil material originally attributed to '' Kryptops palaios'' includes both abelisaurid and allosauroid remains, and argue that the fossil material originally attributed to '' Eocarcharia dinops'' includes both spinosaurid and allosauroid remains.
* A study on bone histology of ''Ceratosaurus'', providing evidence of faster growth rate than in Late Cretaceous members of Ceratosauria, is published by Sombathy, O'Connor & D'Emic (2025).
* A study on the body size evolution in Ceratosauria, providing evidence of a trend towards decreased body size in noasaurids and of constraints on the increase of body size in abelisaurids, is published by Seculi Pereyra, Pérez & Méndez (2025).
* Ribeiro et al. (2025) study the affinities of isolated theropod teeth from the Cretaceous Açu Formation (Brazil), reporting the first noasaurid record for the studied formation and identifying four morphotypes of abelisaurid teeth, interpreted as possible evidence of predominance of abelisaurids in the theropod assemblage found in the studied formation.
* A study on the maxillary shape of abelisaurids and its relation to feeding ecology is published by Seculi Pereyra et al. (2025), who find evidence of morphological similarities between the maxillae of '' Spectrovenator'' and Late Cretaceous abelisaurids, interpreted as likely to be specialist hunters holding and killing prey with their jaws.
* Redescription of the anatomy of the appendicular skeleton of '' Piatnitzkysaurus floresi'' and a study on the phylogenetic affinities of this species is published by Pradelli, Pol & Ezcurra (2025).
* Theropod teeth identified as belonging to members of the groups Spinosauridae, Metriacanthosauridae, Allosauria and Tyrannosauroidea are described from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Khorat Group (Thailand) by Chowchuvech et al. (2025), who interpret the studied teeth as suggestive of a theropod faunal turnover during the Early Cretaceous.
* Isasmendi et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of early-branching tetanurans and baryonychine spinosaurids from the Lower Cretaceous Golmayo Formation (Spain), including a large-bodied baryonychine from the Zorralbo I locality.
* Evidence indicating that oxygen isotope composition in tooth dentine of ''Spinosaurus aegyptiacus'' can be used as a proxy for environmental reconstructions is presented by Liu et al. (2025), who record oxygen isotope variability in the dentine of the studied theropod, interpreted as likely reflecting seasonal environmental changes.
* Description of new fossil material of ''Allosaurus'' from the Andrés fossil site (Portugal) and a taxonomic revision of this genus is published by Malafaia et al. (2025), who interpret ''A. fragilis'' and ''A. jimmadseni'' as the only valid species of ''Allosaurus'' from the Late Jurassic of North America, and consider the holotype of ''Allosaurus europaeus'' to be a specimen of ''A. fragilis''.
* Kotevski et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of theropods from the Lower Cretaceous Strzelecki Group and Eumeralla Formation (Australia), including the first carcharodontosaurian fossils from Australia, bones of large-bodied megaraptorids and a tibia of a member of Unenlagiinae.
* Oswald et al. (2025) revise purported teeth of ''Acrocanthosaurus'' from the ''Sonorasaurus'' Quarry in the Turney Ranch Formation of Arizona and the Long Walk Quarry in the Ruby Ranch Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Utah), describe additional allosauroid teeth from three localities in the Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, and interpret the studied fossils as possible evidence of presence of fossil material of up to four carcharodontosaurid taxa in the Cedar Mountain Formation.
* Averianov et al. (2025) describe a maxilla of a member of the genus '' Ulughbegsaurus'' from the Cenomanian Khodzhakul Formation (Uzbekistan), and interpret its morphology as supporting the attribution of ''Ulughbegsaurus'' to the family Carcharodontosauridae.
* A tooth of a carcharodontosaurid related to ''Giganotosaurus'' and '' Mapusaurus'' is described from the Lower Cretaceous strata of the Itapecuru Formation (Brazil) by França et al. (2025).
* Calvo et al. (2025) report the first discovery of the humerus of an adult specimen of ''Megaraptor namunhuaiquii'' from the Upper Cretaceous Portezuelo Formation (Argentina), and interpret its anatomy as indicating that ''M. namunhuaiquii'' and '' Gualicho shinyae'' were not closely related.
* A study on the biogeography of Megaraptora and Tyrannosauroidea is published by Morrison et al. (2025), who argue that megaraptorans had a cosmopolitan distribution before the splitting of Laurasia and Gondwana, that gigantism evolved multiple times in tyrannosauroids and its evolution might have been related to cooling climate, and that direct ancestors of ''Tyrannosaurus'' likely migrated into North America from Asia.
* A study on the evolution of adaptations to cursoriality in the hindlimbs of theropod dinosaurs and on the origin of arctometatarsus in members of Coelurosauria is published by Kubo & Kobayashi (2025)
* Romilio & Xing (2025) study a nearly 70-metres-long theropod trackway (possibly produced by '' Yutyrannus'') from the Cretaceous Jiaguan Formation (China), and present a reconstruction of the locomotion of the trackmaker.
* Voris et al. (2025) study changes of the endocranial morphology of ''Gorgosaurus libratus'' during its ontogeny, and report that endocasts of juvenile ''Gorgosaurus'' show better defined details of the brain morphology compared to mature specimens.
* Scherer (2025) reeavulates evidence for anagenesis in tyrannosaurine tyrannosaurids, and recovers species belonging to the genus ''Daspletosaurus'' as forming an evolutionary grade within Tyrannosaurinae, but does not recover ''Daspletosaurus'' as a direct ancestor of Tyrannosaurini.
* Warner-Cowgill et al. (2025) describe a new specimen of ''Daspletosaurus'' from the Judith River Formation (Montana, United States), report evidence of the presence of a combination of anatomical features unknown in other members of the genus, and interpret the anatomy of the specimen as weakening the case that ''D. wilsoni'' and ''D. torosus'' are distinct species.
* Carr (2025) studies the impact of the commercial trade on the sample size of specimens of ''Tyrannosaurus rex'', finds that the rate of discoveries of fossils of ''T. rex'' made by commercial companies is higher than that of public trusts, but also reports that commercially collected ''T. rex'' fossils mostly remain in private collections or stockrooms, and that there are more fossils of ''T. rex'' in private hands than in public trusts.
* Meso et al. (2025) revise alvarezsaurid fossils from the Salitral Ojo de Agua locality (Allen Formation; Río Negro Province, Argentina) described by Salgado et al. (2009) and an alvarezsaurid femur from the same locality originally described as an ornithopod femur by Coria, Cambiaso & Salgado (2007), describe additional alvarezsaurid material from this locality, and interpret the studied fossils as likely bones of '' Bonapartenykus ultimus'', providing new information on the body plan of members of Patagonykinae.
* A study on pneumatic structures in the vertebrae of cf. ''Bonapartenykus ultimus'' from the Allen Formation is published by Windholz et al. (2025).
* The conclusions of the study on the hearing acuity of ''Shuvuuia deserti'' published by Choiniere et al. (2021) are contested by Manley & Köppl (2025).
* Evidence of carnivory in the holotype of '' Bannykus'' is presented by Wang et al. (2025).
* Evidence from the study of limb morphology of non-avian maniraptorans and birds, interpreted as indicating that evolution of maniraptoran limbs was not solely driven by functional specialization for flight, is presented by Nebreda, Hernández Fernández & Marugán-Lobón (2025).
* Evidence indicating that digit loss and reduction of the rest of the forelimb in members of Oviraptorosauria were independent changes resulting from different evolutionary processes is presented by Mead, Funston & Brusatte (2025).
* Zhu et al. (2025) report the discovery of clutch of elongatoolithid eggs from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation (China), possibly produced by ''Yulong mini''.
* Wang et al. (2025) report the discovery of elongatoolithid eggs from the Upper Cretaceous Zhangqiao Formation (Anhui, China), representing the first record of non-avian dinosaur eggs in the Hefei Basin.
* Foster, Norell & Balanoff (2025) describe two new specimens of '' Conchoraptor gracilis'' from the Baruungoyot Formation (Mongolia), present an updated diagnosis for ''Conchoraptor'' and differentiate ''C. gracilis'' from both '' Heyuannia yanshini'' and '' Khaan mckennai''.
* New information on the structure and number of hindwing feathers in ''Microraptor'' is presented by Chotard et al. (2025), who report the first evidence of asymmetry of long metatarsal covert feathers in ''Microraptor'', and report evidence of a configuration of feather layers in the hindwing of the studied taxon.
* Garros et al. (2025) study the histology of troodontid metatarsal bones from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Alberta, Canada), reporting evidence of pathologies in the studied fossil sample, and providing evidence of at least two different growth trajectories in the studied troodontids.
* Yun (2025) studies mandibular strength properties of troodontids, and interprets his findings as indicating that the anterior part of the snout might have been used for handling and grasping food items.
* Varricchio, Hogan & Gardner (2025) describe new troodontid material from the Two Medicine Formation (Montana, United States), and interpret ''Stenonychosaurus inequalis'' as a junior synonym of ''Troodon formosus''.
* Evidence of similarities of fusion patterns of the axial column in ''Troodon formosus'' and extant emu is presented by Caldwell, Bedolla & Varricchio (2025).

Sauropodomorph research

* Filek et al. (2025) calculate striking energy of the tail of ''Plateosaurus trossingensis'', and argue that the tail of ''Plateosaurus'' could have been used for active defence.
* Description of a well-preserved specimen of ''Plateosaurus trossingensis'' from the Upper Triassic Klettgau Formation (Switzerland), preserving evidence of a pathology of its right scapula and humerus, is published by Dupuis et al. (2025), who diagnose the studied individual as likely affected by a chronic case of osteomyelitis.
* Peyre de Fabrègues et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of ''Leyesaurus marayensis'' from the Balde de Leyes Formation (Argentina) and revise the anatomy of the holotype specimen of this species, identifying the holotype as a likely juvenile specimen.
* Toefy, Krupandan & Chinsamy (2025) study the bone histology of two sauropodiform specimens and one early sauropod from the Elliot Formation (South Africa), providing evidence that the three studied specimens underwent rapid growth but differed in the duration of uninterrupted growth, and argue that the change of growth dynamics throughout the evolutionary history of sauropodomorphs was more complex than a simple progression from slow, interrupted growth to fast, uinterrupted growth.
* Partial skull of an early member of Sauropodiformes, with long, sauropod-like teeth, is described from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation (China) by Sundgren et al. (2025).
* Evidence of differences in dentition of Early Jurassic sauropods from the Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Argentina), possibly indicative of different feeding strategies and niche partitioning between sauropods from this formation, is presented by Gomez (2025).
* Description of the anatomy of the appendicular skeleton of '' Bagualia alba'' is published by Gomez et al. (2025), who also study morphological diversity of sauropodomorphs throughout their evolutionary history, and report evidence of shifts in morphospace occupation during the Jurassic related to the diversification of early sauropods and extinction of other sauropodomorphs, as well as to subsequent diversification of Neosauropoda.
* Kaikaew, Suteethorn & Chinsamy (2025) describe a pathologic mamenchisaurid ulna from the Phu Kradung Formation (Thailand), and diagnose the studied specimen as affected by an osteogenic tumor.
* Saleiro & Tschopp (2025) describe a previously unstudied collection of sauropod teeth from the Upper Jurassic strata in Portugal, identified as belonging to members of Turiasauria, Flagellicaudata, Camarasauridae and Titanosauriformes.
* Eiamlaor et al. (2025) study pneumatic structures of cervical vertebrae of '' Phuwiangosaurus'' and a diplodocoid from the Sao Khua Formation (Thailand), and propose that ''Phuwiangosaurus'' was a titanosauriform more closely related to brachiosaurids than to Somphospondyli.
* A revision of the known material assigned to the genus ''Haplocanthosaurus'' is published by Boisvert et al. (2025).
* A study on the morphology of teeth, their replacement process and possible feeding ecology of '' Bajadasaurus pronuspinax'' is published by Garderes (2025).
* Lerzo & Gallina (2025) redescribe the left ilium of '' Cathartesaura anaerobica'', and interpret its anatomy as consistent with the invasion of the space within the ilium by parts of the abdominal air sac that provided resistance to the thin ilium.
* Redescription of '' Liaoningotitan sinensis'' is published by Shan (2025).
* Large fusioolithid eggs with thin eggshells, produced by titanosaurs, are described from the Upper Cretaceous Villalba de la Sierra Formation (Spain) by Sanguino et al. (2025), who name a new ootaxon '' Litosoolithus poyosi''.
* Poropat et al. (2025) identify gut contents of a specimen of '' Diamantinasaurus matildae'' from the Cretaceous Winton Formation (Australia), providing evidence of bulk feeding and multi-level browsing resulting in consumption of conifers, seed ferns and flowering plants by the studied sauropod.
* Fossil material of lithostrotian titanosaurs assigned to two morphotypes, including caudal vertebrae preserved with rare pathological features, is described from the Upper Cretaceous Cambambe Basin (Brazil) by Lacerda et al. (2025).
* A study on the histology of the caudal vertebrae of '' Rocasaurus muniozi'' is published by Fernández, Windholz & Zurriaguz (2025), who find fibres that might be histological correlates for skeletal pneumaticity to be present but uncommon in the studied bones.
* A study on the anatomy of the atlas and axis of '' Neuquensaurus australis'' is published by Zurriaguz et al. (2025).
* Sauropod bones affected by osteomyelitis and preserving evidence of distinct manifestations of bone remodeling are described from the Santonian strata from the Ibirá locality (São José do Rio Preto Formation, Bauru Group, Brazil) by Aureliano et al. (2025).

Ornithischian research

* Romilio et al. (2025) describe new ornithischian footprints from the Lower Jurassic Precipice Sandstone (Queensland, Australia), and reaffirm the prevalence of ornithischian footprints across the Early Jurassic dinosaur tracksites from Australia.
* Barrett & Maidment (2025) revise the type material of '' Nanosaurus agilis'', ''N. rex'', '' Laosaurus celer'', ''L. gracilis'', ''L. consors'' and ''Drinker nisti'', interpret these taxa as ''nomina dubia'', and report the presence of dental and skull features in the fossil material of ''Drinker'' which were also present in pachycephalosaurs.

Thyreophoran research

* Sánchez-Fenollosa & Cobos (2025) describe a partial cranium and cervical vertebra referrable to '' Dacentrurus armatus'' from the Upper Jurassic Villar del Arzobispo Formation (Spain), representing the most complete stegosaurian skull from Europe reported to date, and provide a revised taxonomy and phylogenetic nomenclature of stegosaurs, naming a new clade Neostegosauria.
* Rivera-Sylva et al. (2025) describe new fossil material of members of Ankylosauria from the Upper Cretaceous strata in Coahuila (Mexico), including fossils from the Maastrichtian Cañon del Tule Formation representing the youngest records of the group from Mexico reported to date.
* Álvarez Nogueira et al. (2025) report fragmentary remains of a possible parankylosaurian from the Allen Formation (Argentina), likely representing a taxon distinct from the coeval ''Patagopelta''.
* Arbour et al. (2025) describe tracks produced by ankylosaurids from the Cenomanian Kaskapau Formation and Dunvegan Formation (British Columbia and Alberta, Canada), interpreted as evidence of the presence of ankylosaurids in North America prior to the Campanian and their coexistence with non-ankylosaurid ankylosaurs during the mid-Cretaceous, and name a new ichnotaxon '' Ruopodosaurus clava''.

Cerapod research

* Maidment et al. (2025) describe a fragmentary femur from the Middle Jurassic El Mers III Formation (Morocco) representing the oldest known fossil of a cerapodan dinosaur.
* A partial skeleton of a possible cerapodan dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Kilmaluag Formation (United Kingdom) is described by Panciroli et al. (2025), representing the most complete non-avian dinosaur fossil found from Scotland to date.
* A study on the bone histology of '' Notohypsilophodon comodorensis'' and '' Sektensaurus sanjuanboscoi'', as well as on the evolution on elasmarians and on their environment, is published by Ibiricu et al. (2025).
* Maíllo et al. (2025) study bone histology of a partial skeleton of a subadult ornithopod individual from the Cretaceous Maestrazgo Basin (Spain), providing evidence of variability of histology of bone elements used for studies of the skeletochronology of ornithopod specimens, depending on the studied taxon.
* Description of a well-preserved skull of a juvenile specimen of '' Jeholosaurus shangyuanensis'' from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (China) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Bertozzo et al. (2025).
* Guillermo-Ochoa et al. (2025) describe a track of a small ornithopod from the Albian-Turonian Arcurquina Formation (Peru), likely produced during an underwater locomotion.
* Devereaux et al. (2025) describe the cranial endocast of '' Fostoria dhimbangunmal''.
* Fossil material of a previously unrecognized, large-sized, early-diverging member of Ankylopollexia is described from the Upper Jurassic beds of the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) by Rotatori et al. (2025).
* A hadrosauroid humerus representing the oldest record of a member of the group from the Transylvanian Basin reported to date is described from the Campanian Sebeș Formation (Romania) by Ebner et al. (2025).
* Partial skeleton of a hadrosaurid interpreted as the first member of the tribe Lambeosaurini reported from the Upper Cretaceous strata from South China is described from the Dalangshan Formation by Wang et al. (2025)
* Wroblewski (2025) describes fossil material of '' Stygimoloch spinifer'' from the Maastrichtian Ferris Formation (Wyoming, United States), representing the southernmost record of the species reported to date.
* Mallon et al. (2025) report that fossil material of only one species of ''Triceratops'' (''T. prorsus'') was found in the lower Scollard Formation (Alberta, Canada) and Frenchman Formation (Saskatchewan, Canada), contemporaneous with the upper third of the Hell Creek Formation that also contains fossil material of ''T. prorsus'', and interpret the fossil record of ''Triceratops'' as consistent with anagenetic relationship between the ''Triceratops horridus'' and ''T. prorsus''.
* Enriquez et al. (2025) compare scale growth in '' Chasmosaurus belli'', '' Prosaurolophus maximus'' and extant reptiles, and find that scale shapes were mostly retained through growth in the studied taxa.

Birds

New bird taxa

Avian research

* Review of the Mesozoic fossil record of avian soft tissue traces is published by O'Connor (2025).
* A study on the evolution of the ability of birds to move parts of the skull independently is published by Wilken et al. (2025), who link the appearance of this ability to changes of skeletal anatomy and musculature related to the expansion of neurocranium.
* New specimen of ''Archaeopteryx'', representing the third specimen belonging to this genus found in the Tithonian Mörnsheim Formation (Germany), is described by Foth et al. (2025).
* O'Connor et al. (2025) describe the Chicago specimen of ''Archaeopteryx'', providing new information on the skeletal anatomy, soft tissues and feathers of ''Archaeopteryx''.
* A study on the skeletal anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of '' Iberomesornis romerali'' is published by Castro-Terol et al. (2025).
* Salgado et al. (2025) describe disarticulated fish remains associated with the holotype specimen of '' Cratoavis cearensis'', interpreted as contents of the digestive tract of the studied bird.
* A study on the bone histology of '' Avimaia schweitzerae'', '' Novavis pubisculata'' and '' Qiliania graffini'' is published by Atterholt, O'Connor & You (2025).
* A bird trackway with similarities to tracks produced by herons is described from the Cenomanian Dunvegan Formation (British Columbia, Canada) by Lockley, Plint & Helm (2025).
* Wilson et al. (2025) report the discovery of a new avialan assemblage from the Upper Cretaceous Prince Creek Formation (Alaska, United States), preserving fossils of crown or near-crown birds as well as members of Hesperornithes and Ichthyornithes, and providing the oldest evidence of birds nesting at polar latitudes reported to date.
* Evidence from the study of moa coprolites, indicating that moa ate and likely spread truffle-like fungi that are endemic to New Zealand, is presented by Boast et al. (2025).
* Thomas et al. (2025) describe a probable moa trackway from the Pleistocene Karioitahi Group (New Zealand), and name a new ichnotaxon '' Tapuwaemoa manunutahi''.
* Torres et al. (2025) report the discovery of a new, nearly complete skull of ''Vegavis iaai'', interpret its morphology as supporting phylogenetic affinities of ''Vegavis'' with Anseriformes, and report evidence of the presence of a feeding apparatus different from those of extant members of Anseriformes but similar to those of extant birds that capture prey underwater.
* Zonneveld, Naone & Britt (2025) describe foraging traces produced by waterbirds (possibly by '' Presbyornis pervetus'') from the Eocene Green River Formation (Utah, United States), and name new ichnotaxa '' Erevnoichnus blochis'', ''E. strimmena'', '' Ravdosichnus guntheri'' and '' Aptosichnus diatarachi''.
* Mayr & Kitchener (2025) report the first discovery of leg bones of '' Nettapterornis oxfordi'' from the Eocene London Clay (United Kingdom), study the phylogenetic relationships of the species, and name a new family Nettapterornithidae.
* A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the dodo and the Rodrigues solitaire is published by Parish (2025).
* Evidence from the fossil material of great bustards from the Taforalt cave site (Morocco), indicating that great bustards were breeding in the studied area (300 km east of the range of extant great bustards in Morocco) during the Late Pleistocene and that they were exploited by people who occupied the site, is presented by Cooper et al. (2025).
* A coracoid of a loon, interpreted as the oldest fossil a member of the group in Asia reported to date, is described from the upper Miocene strata of the Hyargas Nuur 2 locality in western Mongolia by Zelenkov (2025).
* The oldest plotopterid skull reported to date is described from the Eocene Lincoln Creek Formation (Washington, United States) by Mayr, Goedert & Richter (2025), who interpret the anatomy of the studied specimen as supporting the affinities of plotopterids with Suloidea.
* The first Cenozoic ignotornid footprints from South America reported to date, interpreted as most likely produced by an ibis, are described from the Miocene Vinchina Formation (Argentina) by Farina, Krapovickas & Marsicano (2025), who name a new ichnotaxon '' Gragliavipes gavenskii'' and review the Cretaceous and Cenozoic avian ichnofamilies.
* Fossil plumage of a griffon vulture preserved in three dimensions is described from the Pleistocene strata of the Colli Albani volcanic complex (Italy) by Rossi et al. (2025).
* A study on the bone histology of '' Brontornis burmeisteri'' and '' Patagornis marshi'' is published by Garcia Marsà et al. (2025).
* Agnolin, Chafrat & Álvarez-Herrera (2025) describe new fossil material of '' Patagorhacos terrificus'' from the Miocene Chichinales Formation (Argentina), interpreted as supporting placement of the species within Phorusrhacidae.
* Horváth (2025) describes new fossil material of birds from the Miocene and Pliocene sites in Hungary, including 10 taxa new to the Hungarian Neogene avifauna.
* Marqueta et al. (2025) describe bird assemblages from the Pleistocene levels of the Galls Carboners and Cudó caves (Spain), reporting evidence of presence of the pine grosbeak or a similar bird, which is no longer present in the study area.
* Syverson & Prothero (2025) study changes of the size or robustness of birds from the La Brea Tar Pits, and find evidence of previously undetected changes in the studied taxa, but report no evidence of a clear relationship between those changes and changes in temperature.
* Hering et al. (2025) describe subfossil bird burrows from the Tibesti Mountains (Chad), interpreted as possible nesting structures of birds such as bee-eaters, swallows or kingfishers living in the area during the African humid period.

Pterosaurs

New pterosaur taxa

Pterosaur research

* Evidence of higher laminarity rates of wing bones of pterosaurs compared to their hindlimb bones is presented by Araújo et al. (2025).
* A study on the presence, volume, and capacity of the cervical musculature of pterosaurs is published by Buchmann & Rodrigues (2025), who interpret the reconstructed musculature as consistent with surface fishing foraging habits of '' Rhamphorhynchus muensteri'' and members of the genus '' Anhanguera'', and with capture of small terrestrial prey by ''Azhdarcho lancicollis''.
* Purported pterosaur tracks reported from the Lower Cretaceous Patuxent Formation (Virginia, United States) by Weems & Bachman (2023) are argued to be more likely results of erosion by McDavid & Thomas (2025).
* Hone & McDavid (2025) describe the largest known specimen of ''Rhamphorhynchus muensteri'' (wingspan ) from the Solnhofen Limestone (Germany) and discuss its implications for anatomical transformations through ontogeny in the genus and other rhamphorhynchines.
* Jagielska et al. (2025) describe the osteology of ''Dearc sgiathanach'' and reconstruct its cranial and antebrachial musculature.
* Smyth et al. (2025) identify three pterosaur tracks morphotypes as produced by trackmakers belonging to the groups Ctenochasmatoidea, Dsungaripteridae and Neoazhdarchia, and interpret the distribution of pterosaur tracks as consistent with a mid-Mesozoic radiation of pterodactyloid pterosaurs into terrestrial niches.
* Mazin & Pouech (2025) identify five morphotypes of small- to medium-sized pterodactyloid tracks from the Tithonian strata of the Crayssac site (France).
* Hone, Lauer & Lauer (2025) report evidence of preservation of foot pad scales and webbing between the toes in a possible specimen of ''Germanodactylus cristatus'' from the Upper Jurassic strata from the Solnhofen region of Germany, as well as evidence of preservation of hand and foot soft tissues in a different pterodactyloid specimen reported from the Solnhofen Formation.
* Partial pterosaur humerus with similarities to the humerus of '' Cycnorhamphus suevicus'' is described from the Upper Jurassic strata in the Volga region (Russia) by Averianov & Lopatin (2025).
* A ctenochasmatid mandible representing the first finding of a pterodactyloid pterosaur fossil from the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian) Portland Limestone Formation (United Kingdom) is described by Smith & Martill (2025).
* Bennett (2025) revises '' Gnathosaurus subulatus'' and interprets both ''"Pterodactylus" micronyx'' and ''Aurorazhdarcho primordius'' as junior synonyms of this species.
* A study on tooth replacement in '' Forfexopterus'' is published by Zhou & Fan (2025).
* Redescription and a study on the affinities of '' Herbstosaurus pigmaeus'' is published by Ezcurra et al. (2025).
* Song et al. (2025) describe a pterosaur humerus from the Lower Cretaceous Lianmuqin Formation from the Tugulu Group.
* Pêgas (2025) presents a new phylogenetic analysis of Ornithocheiriformes, registers several pterosaur clades under the ''PhyloCode'' and names a new clade Anhangueroidea.

Other archosaurs

Other new archosaur taxa

Other archosaur research

* Garcia & Müller (2025) revise the fossil record of probable pterosaur precursors from the Triassic strata of the Candelária Sequence of the Santa Maria Supersequence (Brazil) and study their phylogenetic affinities, recovering lagerpetids as an evolutionary grade ancestral to pterosaurs.
* Tolchard, Perkins & Nesbitt (2025) describe new silesaurid fossil material from the base of the Dockum Group (Texas), providing evidence of continued presence of members of this group in the area of southwestern United States throughout the Late Triassic.

General research

* Evidence from the study of bone pneumaticity in extant birds, indicating that studies of skeletal pneumaticity in extinct archosaurs that don't take soft tissues in the internal bone cavities into account might overestimate the volume fraction of pneumatic bones that was composed of air, is presented by Burton et al. (2025).
* Xu & Barrett (2025) review the research on the evolutionary history of feathers from the preceding years.
* A study on the biogeography of Triassic pterosaurs and lagerpetids is published by Foffa et al. (2025), who interpret their findings as indicating that lagerpetids tolerated a broader range of environmental conditions than pterosaurs, resulting in expansion of pterosaur distribution only after the climate became more humid following the Carnian pluvial episode.
* Wang et al. (2025) describe new feather specimens from the Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, including a feather type with similarities to primitive feathers of non-avian theropods, preserved with melanosomes suggestive of a black color with a red luster, and a probable ornithothoracine (possibly enantiornithean) feather type preserved with melanosomes suggestive of a gray or black color.
* Hedge et al. (2025) revise archosaur eggshells from the Mussentuchit Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Utah, United States), and identify remains of eggs produced by oviraptorosaur theropods, ornithopods and a crocodylomorph.
* Brown et al. (2025) describe a cervical vertebra of a juvenile specimen of '' Cryodrakon boreas'' from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Alberta, Canada), preserved with a bite mark interpreted as likely produced by a crocodilian.

References

{{reflist

Archosaurs
2025 in paleontology