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Carcharodontosauridae
Carcharodontosauridae (carcharodontosaurids; from the Greek καρχαροδοντόσαυρος, ''carcharodontósauros'': "shark-toothed lizards") is a group of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs. In 1931, Ernst Stromer named Carcharodontosauridae as a family, which, in modern paleontology, indicates a clade within Carnosauria. Carcharodontosaurids include some of the largest land predators ever known: '' Giganotosaurus'', '' Mapusaurus'', '' Carcharodontosaurus'', and '' Tyrannotitan'' all rivaled ''Tyrannosaurus'' in size. Estimates give a maximum weight of for the largest carcharodontosaurids, while the smallest carcharodontosaurids were estimated to have weighed at least . Discovery and history The earliest discovery of carcharodontosaurid fossils may date to 1835 with the discovery of '' Poekilopleuron'' in Jurassic-aged sediments in Normandy, France and it was then described in 1836 by French naturalist Jacques Amand Eudes-Deslongchamps. However, the holotype (name-b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic Geological period, period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago (mya), although the exact origin and timing of the #Evolutionary history, evolution of dinosaurs is a subject of active research. They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201.3 mya and their dominance continued throughout the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The fossil record shows that birds are feathered dinosaurs, Evolution of birds, having evolved from earlier Theropoda, theropods during the Late Jurassic epoch, and are the only dinosaur lineage known to have survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event approximately 66 mya. Dinosaurs can therefore be divided into avian dinosaurs—birds—and the extinct non-avian dinosaurs, which are all dinosaurs other than birds. Dinosaurs are varied from taxonomy (biology), taxonomic, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third Epoch (geology), epoch of the Jurassic Period, and it spans the geologic time scale, geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.8 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic stratum, strata.Owen 1987. In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, ''Malm'' was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units. Subdivisions The Late Jurassic is divided into three ages, which correspond with the three (faunal) stages of Upper Jurassic rock: Paleogeography During the Late Jurassic Epoch, Pangaea broke up into two supercontinents, Laurasia to the north, and Gondwana to the south. The result of this break-up was the emergence of the Atlantic Ocean, which initially was relatively narrow. Life forms This epoch is well known for many famous types of d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoological Journal Of The Linnean Society
The ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering zoology published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Linnean Society. The editor-in-chief is Maarten Christenhusz (Linnean Society). It was established in 1856 as the ''Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology'' and renamed ''Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology'' in 1866. It obtained its current title in 1969. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 3.286. References External links * Zoology journals Linnean Society of London Monthly journals Academic jour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theropod
Theropoda (; from ancient Greek , (''therion'') "wild beast"; , (''pous, podos'') "foot"">wiktionary:ποδός"> (''pous, podos'') "foot" is one of the three major groups (clades) of dinosaurs, alongside Ornithischia and Sauropodomorpha. Theropods, both extant and extinct, are characterized by hollow bones and three toes and claws on each limb. They are generally classed as a group of saurischian dinosaurs, placing them closer to sauropodomorphs than to ornithischians. They were ancestrally carnivorous, although a number of theropod groups evolved to become herbivores and omnivores. Members of the subgroup Coelurosauria and possibly some other or all theropods were covered in feathers. In the Jurassic, birds evolved from small specialized coelurosaurian theropods, and are currently represented by about 11,000 living species, making theropods the only group of dinosaurs alive today. Theropods first appeared during the Carnian age of the late Triassic period ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Language
Greek (, ; , ) is an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language, constituting an independent Hellenic languages, Hellenic branch within the Indo-European language family. It is native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, Caucasus, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean. It has the list of languages by first written accounts, longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records. Its writing system is the Greek alphabet, which has been used for approximately 2,800 years; previously, Greek was recorded in writing systems such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary. The Greek language holds a very important place in the history of the Western world. Beginning with the epics of Homer, ancient Greek literature includes many works of lasting importance in the European canon. Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyrannotitan
''Tyrannotitan'' (; ) is a genus of large theropod dinosaur belonging to the carcharodontosaurid family. It is known from a single species, ''T. chubutensis'', which lived during the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous period in what is now Argentina. Tyrannotitan is considered a close relative of other giant carcharodontosaurids from Gondwana, such as ''Carcharodontosaurus'', but it shares an especially close relationship with the South American carcharodontosaurids ''Giganotosaurus'' and ''Mapusaurus''. ''Tyrannotitan'' is known from a few specimens, however none of them are very complete. Discovery and species ''Tyrannotitan chubutensis'' was described by Fernando E. Novas, Silvina de Valais, Pat Vickers-Rich, and Tom Rich in 2005. The fossils were found at La Juanita Farm, northeast of Paso de Indios, Chubut Province, Argentina. They are believed to have been from the Cerro Castaño Member, Cerro Barcino Formation (Albian faunal stage, stage). The holotype material was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taurovenator
''Taurovenator'', from Latin ''taurus'', meaning "bull", and ''venator'', meaning "hunter", is an extinct genus of large carcharodontosaurid theropod dinosaurs that lived in what is now Argentina during the Cenomanian age of the Late Cretaceous, around 95 to 93.9 million years ago. Initially only known from a single Postorbital bone, postorbital skull bone described from the Huincul Formation, ''Taurovenator violantei'' was named in 2016 by Argentine paleontologist Matias Motta and colleagues. Debate came about over the validity of the species, with some paleontologists arguing that ''Taurovenator'' was synonymous with the earlier-named carcharodontosaurid ''Mapusaurus''. However, the 2024 description of a well-preserved partial skull and skeleton referrable to ''Taurovenator'' aided in distinguishing the two taxa. Discovery and naming Initial discovery and description In 2005, a right Postorbital bone, postorbital of a theropod dinosaur was unearthed by Argentine paleontolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meraxes
''Meraxes'' is a genus of large carcharodontosaurid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Huincul Formation of Patagonia, Argentina. The genus contains a single species, ''Meraxes gigas''. Discovery and naming The holotype of ''Meraxes'', MMCh-PV 65, was discovered in 2012. Known from a nearly complete skull, pectoral and pelvic elements, partial forelimbs, complete hindlimbs, fragmentary ribs and cervical and dorsal vertebrae, a sacrum, and several complete caudal vertebrae, it represents the most complete carcharodontosaurid skeleton known from the Southern Hemisphere. The specimen was referred to as the "Campanas carcharodontosaurid" before its description as a new species in 2022. ''Meraxes gigas'' was described in 2022 by Canale et al. based on these remains. The generic name, "''Meraxes''", honors a female dragon ridden by Queen Rhaenys Targaryen in the George R. R. Martin novel series, ''A Song of Ice and Fire''. The specific name, "''gigas''", means "giant" in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mapusaurus
''Mapusaurus'' ( Earth lizard) is a genus of giant carcharodontosaurid carnosaurian dinosaur that lived in Argentina during the Turonian age of the Late Cretaceous. Discovery ''Mapusaurus'' was excavated between 1997 and 2001, by the Argentinian-Canadian Dinosaur Project, from an exposure of the Huincul Formation (late Cenomanian–Turonian) at Cañadón del Gato. It was described and named by paleontologists Rodolfo Coria and Phil Currie in 2006. The name ''Mapusaurus'' is derived from the Mapuche word ''Mapu'', meaning 'of the Land' or 'of the Earth' and the Greek ''sauros'', meaning 'lizard'. The type species, ''Mapusaurus roseae'', is named for both the rose-colored rocks, in which the fossils were found and for Rose Letwin, who sponsored the expeditions which recovered these fossils. The designated holotype for the genus and type species, ''Mapusaurus roseae'', is an isolated right nasal (MCF-PVPH-108.1, Museo Carmen Funes, Paleontología de Vertebrados, Plaza Hui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giganotosaurus
''Giganotosaurus'' ( ) is a genus of large theropod dinosaur that lived in what is now Argentina, during the early Cenomanian age of the Late Cretaceous period (geology), period, approximately 99.6 to 95 million years ago. The holotype specimen was discovered in the Candeleros Formation of Patagonia in 1993 and is almost 70% complete. The animal was named ''Giganotosaurus carolinii'' in 1995; the genus name translates to "giant southern lizard", and the specific name (zoology), specific name honors the discoverer, Rubén Carolini, Ruben Carolini. A dentary bone, a tooth, and some tracks, discovered before the holotype, were later assigned to this animal. The genus attracted much interest and became part of a scientific debate about the maximum sizes of theropod dinosaurs. ''Giganotosaurus'' was one of the dinosaur size, largest known terrestrial carnivores, but the exact size has been hard to determine due to the incompleteness of the remains found so far. Estimates for the mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wakinosaurus
''Wakinosaurus'' (meaning "Wakino lizard") is a genus of theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian-Barremian) Sengoku Formation of Kyushu, Japan. The genus is a tooth taxon, based solely on the middle section of a single tooth. Discovery and naming In 1990 the ice hockey player Masahiro Sato in Fukuoka found the tooth of a theropod. The same year Yoshihiko Okazaki first reported on the find.Okazaki, Y., (1990), "Discovery of dinosaur remain from the Kwanmon Group", ''Abstract of the Annual Meeting of the Paleontological Society of Japan'', 37 In 1992 Okazaki named the type species, ''Wakinosaurus satoi''. The generic name refers to the Wakino Subgroup of the Kwanmon Group, of which the Sengoku Formation is a member. The specific name honours Sato. Description The holotype is KMNH VP 000,016, a single damaged tooth, the crown of which must have been about seven centimetres long. Its base length is , its base width . It has about thirty serrations per fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veterupristisaurus
''Veterupristisaurus'' is an extinct genus of carcharodontosaurid theropod dinosaur known from the Jurassic of Tendaguru, Lindi Region of southeastern Tanzania. Discovery and naming ''Veterupristisaurus'' is known from the holotype specimen MB R 1938, an isolated middle caudal vertebra. Two partially fused posterior middle caudal vertebrae, MB R 2166, from the same locality as the holotype, are referred to this genus and most probably came from the same individual. The anterior caudal vertebra, MB R 1940, may also represent this genus. The holotype was collected in the St (EH) locality of the Tendaguru in German East Africa, from the Middle Dinosaur Member of the Tendaguru Formation, dating to the late Kimmeridgian to earliest Tithonian faunal stage of the Late Jurassic, about 154-150 million years ago. The holotype was originally referred to ''Ceratosaurus? roechlingi'' by Werner Janensch in 1925. ''Veterupristisaurus'' was named by Oliver W. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
