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Tetanurae
Tetanurae (/ˌtɛtəˈnjuːriː/ or "stiff tails") is a clade that includes most Theropoda, theropod dinosaurs, including Megalosauroidea, megalosauroids, Allosauroidea, allosauroids, and Coelurosauria, coelurosaurs (which includes Tyrannosauroidea, tyrannosauroids, Ornithomimosauria, ornithomimosaurs, Compsognathidae, compsognathids and maniraptorans, the latter including living birds). Tetanurans are defined as all theropods more closely related to modern birds than to ''Ceratosaurus'' and contain the majority of predatory dinosaur diversity. Tetanurae likely diverged from its sister group, Ceratosauria, during the late Triassic. Tetanurae first appeared in the fossil record by the Early Jurassic about 190 mya and by the Middle Jurassic had become globally distributed. The group was named by Jacques Gauthier in 1986 and originally had two main subgroups: Carnosauria and Coelurosauria, the clade containing birds and related dinosaurs such as compsognathids, tyrannosaurids, ornit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaijiangosaurus
''Kaijiangosaurus'' (meaning "Kaijiang lizard") is a genus of carnivorous tetanuran theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of China. In 1984 He Xinlu named and described the type species ''Kaijiangosaurus lini''. The generic name refers to the River (''jiang'') Kai. The specific name honours the paleontologist Lin Wenqiu. Discovery The holotype specimen, CCG 20020, was discovered before 1984 in Sichuan, in a layer of the Xiashaximiao Formation dating from the Bathonian-Callovian. The specimen consists of a fragmentary skeleton lacking the skull. The holotype proper contains the intercentrum of the atlas and the third to ninth neck vertebrae. Other elements have been designated as a paratype, including fragmentary remains of the skull, nine teeth, elements of the pectoral girdle, a forelimb, and a hindlimb. Another paratype is the thighbone of a probably smaller individual.He Xinlu (1984). "The vertebrate fossils of Sichuan." Sichuan Scientific and Technological Publishing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnosauria
Carnosauria is an extinct group of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs that lived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. While Carnosauria was historically considered largely synonymous with Allosauroidea, some recent studies have revived Carnosauria as clade including both Allosauroidea and Megalosauroidea (which is sometimes recovered as paraphyletic with respect to Allosauroidea), and thus including the majority of non- coelurosaurian members of theropod clade Tetanurae. Other researchers have found Allosauroidea and Megalosauroidea to be unrelated groups.Cau A. (2024)A Unified Framework for Predatory Dinosaur Macroevolution Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 63(1): 1-19. Distinctive characteristics of carnosaurs include large eye sockets, a long narrow skull and modifications of the legs and pelvis such as the thigh (femur) being longer than the shin ( tibia). Carnosaurs first appeared in the Middle Jurassic around , and the last definitive carnosau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryolophosaurus
''Cryolophosaurus'' ( or ; ) is a genus of large theropod dinosaur known from only a single species, ''Cryolophosaurus ellioti'', from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica. It was one of the largest theropods of the Early Jurassic, with the subadult, being estimated to have reached long and weighed . ''Cryolophosaurus'' was first excavated from Antarctica's Early Jurassic, Pliensbachian aged Hanson Formation, formerly the upper Falla Formation, by paleontologist Dr. William Hammer in 1991. It was the first carnivorous dinosaur to be discovered in Antarctica, and the first non-avian dinosaur from the continent to be officially named. The sediments in which its fossils were found have been dated at ~196 to 188 million years ago, representing the Early Jurassic Period. ''Cryolophosaurus'' is known from a skull, a femur and other material, all of which have caused its classification to vary greatly. The femur possesses many primitive characteristics that have classified ''Cryolophos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monolophosaurus
''Monolophosaurus'' ( ; meaning "single-crested lizard") is an extinct genus of tetanuran theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic Shishugou Formation in what is now Xinjiang, China.Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2011) ''Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,'Winter 2010 Appendix./ref> It was named for the single crest on top of its skull. ''Monolophosaurus'' was a mid-sized theropod at about long and weighed . Discovery and naming A nearly complete skeleton of a theropod new to science was discovered by Dong Zhiming in 1981, during stratigraphic exploration for the benefit of the oil industry. The fossil was not unearthed until 1984. In 1987, before description in the scientific literature, it was referred to in the press as ''Jiangjunmiaosaurus'', an invalid ''nomen nudum''. In 1992 it was mentioned by Dong Zhiming as ''Monolophosaurus jiangjunmiaoi'', and in 1993 by Wayne Grady as ''Monolophosaurus dongi''. These latter names also la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gasosaurus
''Gasosaurus'' () is a genus of tetanuran Theropoda, theropod that lived approximately 171.6 to 161.2 million years ago during the middle of the Jurassic Period (geology), Period. The name "''Gasosaurus''" is derived from the English "''gasoline''" and the Ancient Greek, Greek () ("lizard / generic reptile"). Only one species is currently recognised, ''G. constructus'', from which the specific name honours the gasoline company that found the Dashanpu fossil quarry in Sichuan Province, China, now named as the Lower Shaximiao Formation. Discovery and naming The first and to date only fossils, albeit postcranial (missing the skull), were recovered in 1985 during the construction of a gas facility, which explains the dinosaur's unusual name. It consists of laterally compressed teeth, 4 cervical, 7 dorsal, 5 sacral, and 7 caudal vertebrae, both humeri, and highly abraded and reconstructed pelvic and hind limb material that includes the left ilium, left ischium, left pubis, left f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megalosauroidea
Megalosauroidea (meaning 'great/big lizard forms') is a superfamily (or clade) of tetanuran theropod dinosaurs that lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous period. The group is defined as '' Megalosaurus bucklandii'' and all taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with it than with '' Allosaurus fragilis'' or '' Passer domesticus''. Members of the group include ''Spinosaurus'', ''Megalosaurus'', and '' Torvosaurus''. They are possibly paraphyletic in nature with respect to Allosauroidea, which is to say some members of this superfamily might be closer to Allosauroids than to each other, which is undesirable in cladistics. Classification The name Spinosauroidea is sometimes used in place of Megalosauroidea. The superfamily Spinosauroidea was named in 1915 by Ernst Stromer. It is a synonym of Megalosauroidea in almost all modern phylogenetic analyses, and it is therefore redundant. Spinosauroidea was defined as a clade in 1998 by Paul Sereno as the node clade c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinosaurus
''Sinosaurus'' (meaning "Chinese lizard") is an extinct genus of basal theropod dinosaur which lived during the Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian). Fossils of the animal have been found in the Lufeng Formation, in the Yunnan Province of China. The type species, ''S. triassicus'', was named by Chung Chieng Young in 1940. A second species, ''S. sinensis'', was originally assigned to ''Dilophosaurus'', but was later reassigned to ''Sinosaurus''. ''Sinosaurus'' is morphologically similar to ''Dilophosaurus'' including the presence of a similarly shaped cranial crest, though its precise taxonomic position is uncertain, and the two genera may not be closely related. Discovery and naming The composite term ''Sinosaurus'' comes from ''Sinae'', the Latin word for the Chinese, and the Greek word ' () meaning "lizard"; thus "Chinese lizard". The specific name, ''triassicus'', refers to the Triassic, the period that the fossils were originally thought to date from. ''Sinosaurus'' was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cruxicheiros
''Cruxicheiros'' (meaning "cross hand") is a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived in the Middle Jurassic of England. The type species is ''C. newmanorum'', described by Roger Benson and Jonathan Radley in 2010. Discovery The remains of the holotype were discovered in the early 1960s in the Cross Hands Quarry, near Little Compton, in Warwickshire in England. These fossils came from the Chipping Norton Limestone Formation, which is dated to the lower Bathonian stage of the Middle Jurassic, about 167 mya (million years ago). The fossils were stored in the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery until 2008 when they were transferred to the Warwickshire Museum Service; the transfer prompted closer study of the neglected fossils. Unrecognized fossils of dinosaurs, many of them theropods, had been discovered in England at least as early as 1677. The larger theropod fossils had been attributed (without critical examination) to ''Megalosaurus'', while the smaller ones were assigned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chilesaurus
''Chilesaurus'' is an extinct genus of herbivorous dinosaur. While its exact classification is uncertain, many researchers believe it is a theropod, with a minority of academics suggesting that it may be an ornithischian. The type and only known species so far is ''Chilesaurus diegosuarezi''. ''Chilesaurus'' lived between 148-147 million years ago (Mya) in the Late Jurassic period of Chile. Showing a combination of traits from theropods, ornithischians, and sauropodomorphs, this genus has far-reaching implications for the evolution of dinosaurs, such as whether the traditional saurischian-ornithischian split is superior or inferior to the proposed group Ornithoscelida. This however, has been contested by several other authors, who believe that the weight of evidence supports its membership within Theropoda, and possibly as a member of Tetanurae. Discovery and naming ''Chilesaurus'' was first discovered on 4 February 2004 by a seven-year-old named Diego Suárez. He and his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chuandongocoelurus
''Chuandongocoelurus'' ( ) is a genus of carnivorous tetanuran theropod dinosaur from the Jurassic of China. Discovery and naming The type species ''Chuandongocoelurus primitivus'' was first described and named by Chinese paleontologist He Xinlu in 1984. The generic name combines references to the Chuandong in Sichuan Province and the theropod genus ''Coelurus'', itself named after the Greek κοῖλος, ', meaning "hollow" and οὐρά, ', meaning "tail". The specific name means "the primitive one" in Latin, a reference to the great age of the find. He assigned two partial skeletons to ''Chuandongocoelurus''. The holotype, a thighbone, is part of specimen CCG 20010. Vertebrae, pelvic bones and hindlimb elements, also catalogued under this inventory number, may belong to the same individual. The specimen has unfused neurocentral sutures in its vertebrae, meaning that the animal was immature at the time of death. The second specimen, CCG 20011, is a set of neck vertebrae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vectaerovenator
''Vectaerovenator'' (meaning "Isle of Wight air-filled hunter" due to the pneumaticity of the vertebrae) is a genus of tetanuran theropod from the Early Cretaceous period of what is now England (Lower Greensand Group; Ferruginous Sands). It contains one species, ''Vectaerovenator inopinatus''; its holotype, consisting of the specimens IWCMS 2020.400, 2020.407, and 2019.84, comprises two anterior dorsal vertebrae, a cervical vertebra and a mid‐ caudal vertebra from the late Aptian Ferruginous Sands of the Isle of Wight in southern England, discovered in 2019. Comparative anatomical analysis shows that this taxon shares homoplastic features with megalosauroids, carcharodontosaurs, and some coelurosaurs, and cannot be reliably placed beyond Tetanurae ''incertae sedis,'' but has enough autapomorphies that it can be considered a valid genus. Discovery and Naming In 2019, Robin Ward, a regular fossil hunter found material belonging to ''Vectaerovenator'' while on a visit with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kayentavenator
''Kayentavenator'' (meaning " Kayenta hunter") is a genus of small carnivorous tetanuran dinosaur that lived during the Early Jurassic Period; fossils were recovered from the Kayenta Formation of northeastern Arizona and were described in 2010. Description The holotype specimen of ''K. elysiae'' is a juvenile, as shown by unfused neural spines and would have stood about high at the hip. The adult size of ''Kayentavenator'' is unknown. The inclusion of a pubic fenestra is one of the characteristics that Gay uses to set ''Kayentavenator'' apart from the contemporaneous, and better known ''Dilophosaurus''. As ''Dilophosaurus'' lacks a pubic fenestra as a subadult or an adult,Welles, S. P. (1984). "Dilophosaurus wetherilli (Dinosauria, Theropoda), osteology and comparisons". Palaeontogr. Abt. A 185: 85–180. it is unlikely that it had one during any stage of ontogeny. Apomorphies include an ellipsoid acetabulum, the greater trochanter and the head of the femur having been fused ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
