The following is a partial list of notable theoretical physicists. Arranged by century of birth, then century of death, then year of birth, then year of death, then alphabetically by surname. For explanation of symbols, see Notes at end of this article.

Ancient times Ancient history is a time period from the History of writing, beginning of writing and recorded human history through late antiquity. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with the development of Sumerian language, ...

Kaṇāda Kaṇāda (, ), also known as Ulūka, Kashyapa, Kaṇabhaksha, Kaṇabhuj was an ancient Indian natural scientist and philosopher who founded the Vaisheshika school of Indian philosophy that also represents the earliest Indian physics. Es ...

(6th century BCE or 2nd century BCE) *

Thales Thales of Miletus ( ; ; ) was an Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Greek Pre-Socratic philosophy, pre-Socratic Philosophy, philosopher from Miletus in Ionia, Asia Minor. Thales was one of the Seven Sages of Greece, Seven Sages, founding figure ...

(c. 624 – c. 546 BCE) *

Pythagoras Pythagoras of Samos (; BC) was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath, and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of P ...

^* (c. 570 – c. 495 BCE) *

Democritus Democritus (, ; , ''Dēmókritos'', meaning "chosen of the people"; – ) was an Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek Pre-Socratic philosophy, pre-Socratic philosopher from Abdera, Thrace, Abdera, primarily remembered today for his formulation of an ...

° (c. 460 – c. 370 BCE) *

Aristotle Aristotle (; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, a ...

‡ (384–322 BCE) *

Archimedes Archimedes of Syracuse ( ; ) was an Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek Greek mathematics, mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and Invention, inventor from the ancient city of Syracuse, Sicily, Syracuse in History of Greek and Hellenis ...

º* (c. 287 – c. 212 BCE) *

Ptolemy Claudius Ptolemy (; , ; ; – 160s/170s AD) was a Greco-Roman mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were important to later Byzantine science, Byzant ...

(c. 100 – c. 170 AD) *

Hypatia Hypatia (born 350–370 – March 415 AD) was a Neoplatonist philosopher, astronomer, and mathematician who lived in Alexandria, Egypt (Roman province), Egypt: at that time a major city of the Eastern Roman Empire. In Alexandria, Hypatia was ...

^ªº (c. 350–370; died 415 AD)

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ...

Al Farabi thumbnail, 200px, Postage stamp of the USSR, issued on the 1100th anniversary of the birth of Al-Farabi (1975) Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi (; – 14 December 950–12 January 951), known in the Latin West as Alpharabius, was an early Islamic ...

(c.872–c.950) *

Ibn al-Haytham Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham (Latinization of names, Latinized as Alhazen; ; full name ; ) was a medieval Mathematics in medieval Islam, mathematician, Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world, astronomer, and Physics in the medieval Islamic world, p ...

(c.965–c.1040) * Al Beruni (c.973–c.1048) *

Omar Khayyám Ghiyāth al-Dīn Abū al-Fatḥ ʿUmar ibn Ibrāhīm Nīshābūrī (18 May 1048 – 4 December 1131) ( Persian: غیاث الدین ابوالفتح عمر بن ابراهیم خیام نیشابورﻯ), commonly known as Omar Khayyam (), was ...

(c.1048–c.1131) * Bhaskara II (c.1114–c.1185) *

Mu'ayyad al-Din al-Urdi Al-Urdi (full name: Moayad Al-Din Al-Urdi Al-Amiri Al-Dimashqi) () (d. 1266) was a medieval Syrian Arab astronomer and geometer. Born circa 1200, presumably (from the nisba ''al‐ʿUrḍī'') in the village of ''ʿUrḍ'' in the Syrian deser ...

(c.1200–c.1266) * Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201–1274) *

Jean Buridan Jean Buridan (; ; Latin: ''Johannes Buridanus''; – ) was an influential 14thcentury French scholastic philosopher. Buridan taught in the faculty of arts at the University of Paris for his entire career and focused in particular on logic and ...

(1301–c.1359/62) *

Nicole Oresme Nicole Oresme (; ; 1 January 1325 – 11 July 1382), also known as Nicolas Oresme, Nicholas Oresme, or Nicolas d'Oresme, was a French philosopher of the later Middle Ages. He wrote influential works on economics, mathematics, physics, astrology, ...

(c.1320/1325–1382) *

Jamshid al-Kashi Ghiyāth al-Dīn Jamshīd Masʿūd al-Kāshī (or al-Kāshānī) ( ''Ghiyās-ud-dīn Jamshīd Kāshānī'') (c. 1380 Kashan, Iran – 22 June 1429 Samarkand, Transoxiana) was a Persian astronomer and mathematician during the reign of Tamerlane. ...

(1380–1429) * Sigismondo Polcastro (1384–1473) *

Ulugh Beg Mīrzā Muhammad Tarāghāy bin Shāhrukh (; ), better known as Ulugh Beg (; 22 March 1394 – 27 October 1449), was a Timurid sultan, as well as an astronomer and mathematician. Ulugh Beg was notable for his work in astronomy-related ma ...

(1394–1449)

15th–16th century

Giovanni Bianchini Giovanni Bianchini (in Latin, Johannes Blanchinus) (1410 – c. 1469) was a professor of mathematics and astronomy at the University of Ferrara and court astrologer of Leonello d'Este. He was an associate of Georg Purbach and Regiomontanus. ...

(1410–1469) *

Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 1452 - 2 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially rested o ...

(1452–1519) *

Nicolaus Copernicus Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance polymath who formulated a mathematical model, model of Celestial spheres#Renaissance, the universe that placed heliocentrism, the Sun rather than Earth at its cen ...

º (1473–1543)

16th century and 16th–17th centuries

Gerolamo Cardano Gerolamo Cardano (; also Girolamo or Geronimo; ; ; 24 September 1501– 21 September 1576) was an Italian polymath whose interests and proficiencies ranged through those of mathematician, physician, biologist, physicist, chemist, astrologer, as ...

(1501–1576) *

Tycho Brahe Tycho Brahe ( ; ; born Tyge Ottesen Brahe, ; 14 December 154624 October 1601), generally called Tycho for short, was a Danish astronomer of the Renaissance, known for his comprehensive and unprecedentedly accurate astronomical observations. He ...

(1546–1601) *

Giordano Bruno Giordano Bruno ( , ; ; born Filippo Bruno; January or February 1548 – 17 February 1600) was an Italian philosopher, poet, alchemist, astrologer, cosmological theorist, and esotericist. He is known for his cosmological theories, which concep ...

(1548–1600) *

Galileo Galilei Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaiuti de' Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642), commonly referred to as Galileo Galilei ( , , ) or mononymously as Galileo, was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a poly ...

º* (1564–1642) *

Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler (27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, Natural philosophy, natural philosopher and writer on music. He is a key figure in the 17th-century Scientific Revolution, best know ...

º (1571–1630) *

Benedetto Castelli Benedetto Castelli (1578 – 9 April 1643), born Antonio Castelli, was an Italians, Italian mathematician. Benedetto was his name in religion on entering the Benedictine Order in 1595. Life Born in Brescia, Castelli studied at the University of ...

(1578–1643) *

René Descartes René Descartes ( , ; ; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and Modern science, science. Mathematics was paramou ...

‡^ (1596–1650) *

Bonaventura Cavalieri Bonaventura Francesco Cavalieri (; 1598 – 30 November 1647) was an Italian mathematician and a Jesuati, Jesuate. He is known for his work on the problems of optics and motion (physics), motion, work on indivisibles, the precursors of infin ...

(1598–1647)

17th century

Pierre de Fermat Pierre de Fermat (; ; 17 August 1601 – 12 January 1665) was a French mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his technique of adequality. In particular, he is recognized for his d ...

(1607–1665) *

Evangelista Torricelli Evangelista Torricelli ( ; ; 15 October 160825 October 1647) was an Italian people, Italian physicist and mathematician, and a student of Benedetto Castelli. He is best known for his invention of the barometer, but is also known for his advances i ...

(1608–1647) *

Giovanni Alfonso Borelli Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (; 28 January 1608 – 31 December 1679) was a Renaissance Italy, Italian physiologist, physicist, and mathematician who is often described as the father of biomechanics. He contributed to the modern principle of scientif ...

(1608–1679) *

Jeremiah Horrocks Jeremiah Horrocks (16183 January 1641), sometimes given as Jeremiah Horrox (the Latinised version that he used on the Emmanuel College register and in his Latin manuscripts), – See footnote 1 was an English astronomer. He was the first perso ...

(1618–1641) *

Francesco Maria Grimaldi Francesco Maria Grimaldi (2 April 1618 – 28 December 1663) was an Italian Jesuit priest, mathematician and physicist who taught at the Jesuit college in Bologna. He was born in Bologna to Paride Grimaldi and Anna Cattani. Work Between 164 ...

(1618–1663) *

Jacques Rohault Jacques Rohault (; 1618 – 27 December 1672) was a French philosopher, physicist and mathematician, and a follower of Cartesianism. Life Rohault was born in Amiens, the son of a wealthy wine merchant, and educated in Paris. Having grown up with ...

(1618–1672) *

Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal (19June 162319August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic Church, Catholic writer. Pascal was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. His earliest ...

^ (1623–1662) *

Erhard Weigel Erhard Weigel (; 16 December 1625 – 20 March 1699) was a German mathematician, astronomer and philosopher. Biography Weigel earned his Master of Arts, M.A. (1650) and his habilitation (1652) from the University of Leipzig. From 1653 until his d ...

(1625–1699) *

Christiaan Huygens Christiaan Huygens, Halen, Lord of Zeelhem, ( , ; ; also spelled Huyghens; ; 14 April 1629 – 8 July 1695) was a Dutch mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor who is regarded as a key figure in the Scientific Revolution ...

^ (1629–1695) * Ignace-Gaston Pardies (1636–1673)

17th–18th centuries

Vincenzo Viviani Vincenzo Viviani (April 5, 1622 – September 22, 1703) was an Italian mathematician and scientist. He was a pupil of Torricelli and Galileo.Christopher Wren Sir Christopher Wren FRS (; – ) was an English architect, astronomer, mathematician and physicist who was one of the most highly acclaimed architects in the history of England. Known for his work in the English Baroque style, he was ac ...

(1632–1723) *

Robert Hooke Robert Hooke (; 18 July 16353 March 1703) was an English polymath who was active as a physicist ("natural philosopher"), astronomer, geologist, meteorologist, and architect. He is credited as one of the first scientists to investigate living ...

(1635–1703) *

Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton () was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author. Newton was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment that followed ...

^*º (1642–1727) *

Gottfried Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (or Leibnitz; – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who is credited, alongside Isaac Newton, Sir Isaac Newton, with the creation of calculus in ad ...

^ (1646–1716) *

John Flamsteed John Flamsteed (19 August 1646 – 31 December 1719) was an English astronomer and the first Astronomer Royal. His main achievements were the preparation of a 3,000-star catalogue, ''Catalogus Britannicus'', and a star atlas called '' Atlas ...

(1646–1719) * Edmond Pourchot (1651–1734) *

Jacob Bernoulli Jacob Bernoulli (also known as James in English or Jacques in French; – 16 August 1705) was a Swiss mathematician. He sided with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz during the Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy and was an early proponent of Leibniz ...

(1655–1705) *

Edmond Halley Edmond (or Edmund) Halley (; – ) was an English astronomer, mathematician and physicist. He was the second Astronomer Royal in Britain, succeeding John Flamsteed in 1720. From an observatory he constructed on Saint Helena in 1676–77, Hal ...

(1656–1742) * Luigi Guido Grandi (1671–1742) *

Jakob Hermann Jakob Hermann (16 July 1678 – 11 July 1733) was a mathematician who worked on problems in classical mechanics. He is the author of ''Phoronomia'', an early treatise on mechanics in Latin, which has been translated by Ian Bruce in 2015-16. In 172 ...

(1678–1733) *

Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan (26 November 1678 – 20 February 1771) was a French natural philosopher (physicist), born in the town of Béziers on 26 November 1678. De Mairan lost his father, François d'Ortous, at age four and his mother tw ...

(1678–1771) * Nicolaus II Bernoulli (1695–1726) *

Pierre Louis Maupertuis Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (; ; 1698 – 27 July 1759) was a French mathematician, philosopher and man of letters. He became the director of the Académie des Sciences and the first president of the Prussian Academy of Science, at the ...

(1698–1759) *

Daniel Bernoulli Daniel Bernoulli ( ; ; – 27 March 1782) was a Swiss people, Swiss-France, French mathematician and physicist and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family from Basel. He is particularly remembered for his applicati ...

(1700–1782)

18th century

Leonhard Euler Leonhard Euler ( ; ; ; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss polymath who was active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician, geographer, and engineer. He founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made influential ...

^ (1707–1783) * Vincenzo Riccati (1707–1785) *

Mikhail Lomonosov Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov (; , ; – ) was a Russian polymath, scientist and writer, who made important contributions to literature, education, and science. Among his discoveries were the atmosphere of Venus and the law of conservation of ...

(1711–1765) *

Laura Bassi Laura Maria Caterina Bassi Veratti (29 October 1711 – 20 February 1778) was an Italian physicist and academic. Recognized and depicted as "Minerva" (goddess of wisdom), she was the first woman to have a doctorate in science, and List of women ...

ª* (1711–1778) *

Roger Joseph Boscovich Roger Joseph Boscovich (, ; ; ; 18 May 1711 – 13 February 1787) was a Croatian physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, theologian, Jesuit priest, and a polymath from the Republic of Ragusa.Johann Samuel König (1712–1757) *

Alexis Clairaut Alexis Claude Clairaut (; ; 13 May 1713 – 17 May 1765) was a French mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist. He was a prominent Newtonian whose work helped to establish the validity of the principles and results that Isaac Newton, Sir Isaa ...

(1713–1765) *

Jean le Rond d'Alembert Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert ( ; ; 16 November 1717 – 29 October 1783) was a French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher, and music theorist. Until 1759 he was, together with Denis Diderot, a co-editor of the ''Encyclopé ...

(1717–1783)

18th–19th centuries

Franz Aepinus Franz Ulrich Theodor Aepinus (13 December 172410 August 1802) was a German mathematician, scientist, and natural philosopher residing in the Russian Empire. Aepinus is best known for his researches, theoretical and experimental, in electricity and ...

(1724–1802) *

Henry Cavendish Henry Cavendish ( ; 10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was an English experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist. He is noted for his discovery of hydrogen, which he termed "inflammable air". He described the density of inflammable a ...

(1731–1810) * Charles Coulomb (1736–1806) *

Joseph Lagrange Joseph-Louis Lagrange (born Giuseppe Luigi LagrangiaPierre-Simon Laplace Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (; ; 23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French polymath, a scholar whose work has been instrumental in the fields of physics, astronomy, mathematics, engineering, statistics, and philosophy. He summariz ...

(1749–1827) *

Jurij Vega Baron Jurij Bartolomej Vega (also spelled Veha; ; ; born Vehovec, March 23, 1754 – September 26, 1802) was a Slovene mathematician, physicist, and artillery commissioned officer. Early life Born into a farmer's family in the small village o ...

(1754–1802) *

John Dalton John Dalton (; 5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. He introduced the atomic theory into chemistry. He also researched Color blindness, colour blindness; as a result, the umbrella term ...

^ (1766–1844) *

Joseph Fourier Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier (; ; 21 March 1768 – 16 May 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist born in Auxerre, Burgundy and best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series, which eventually developed into Fourier analys ...

^ (1768–1830) * Thomas Young‡* (1773–1829) *

Jean-Baptiste Biot Jean-Baptiste Biot (; ; 21 April 1774 – 3 February 1862) was a French people, French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician who co-discovered the Biot–Savart law of magnetostatics with Félix Savart, established the reality of meteorites, ma ...

(1774–1862) *

Étienne-Louis Malus Étienne-Louis Malus (; ; 23 July 1775 – 23 February 1812) was a French officer, engineer, physicist, and mathematician. Malus was born in Paris, France and studied at the military engineering school at Mezires where he was taught by Gaspa ...

(1775–1812) *

André-Marie Ampère André-Marie Ampère (, ; ; 20 January 177510 June 1836) was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as ''electrodynamics''. He is also the inventor of ...

(1775–1836) *

Sophie Germain Marie-Sophie Germain (; 1 April 1776 – 27 June 1831) was a French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher. Despite initial opposition from her parents and difficulties presented by society, she gained education from books in her father's lib ...

(1776–1831) *

Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (; ; ; 30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist, who contributed to many fields in mathematics and science. He was director of the Göttingen Observatory and ...

^ (1777–1855) *

Louis Poinsot Louis Poinsot (; 3 January 1777 – 5 December 1859) was a French mathematician and physicist. Poinsot was the inventor of geometrical mechanics, showing how a system of forces acting on a rigid body could be resolved into a single force and a ...

(1777–1859) *

Siméon Denis Poisson Baron Siméon Denis Poisson (, ; ; 21 June 1781 – 25 April 1840) was a French mathematician and physicist who worked on statistics, complex analysis, partial differential equations, the calculus of variations, analytical mechanics, electricity ...

(1781–1840) * Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana (1781–1864) *

Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (; 22 July 1784 – 17 March 1846) was a German astronomer, mathematician, physicist, and geodesist. He was the first astronomer who determined reliable values for the distance from the Sun to another star by the method ...

(1784–1846) *

Claude-Louis Navier Claude-Louis Navier (born Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier; ; 10 February 1785 – 21 August 1836) was a French civil engineer, affiliated with the French government, and a physicist who specialized in continuum mechanics. The Navier–Stokes ...

(1785–1836) *

François Arago Dominique François Jean Arago (), known simply as François Arago (; Catalan: , ; 26 February 17862 October 1853), was a French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, freemason, supporter of the Carbonari revolutionaries and politician. Early l ...

(1786–1853) *

Augustin-Jean Fresnel Augustin-Jean Fresnel (10 May 1788 – 14 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Isaac Newton, Newton's c ...

(1788–1827) *

Georg Ohm Georg Simon Ohm (; ; 16 March 1789 – 6 July 1854) was a German mathematician and physicist. As a school teacher, Ohm began his research with the new electrochemical cell, invented by Italian scientist Alessandro Volta. Using equipment of his o ...

(1789–1854) *

Augustin-Louis Cauchy Baron Augustin-Louis Cauchy ( , , ; ; 21 August 1789 – 23 May 1857) was a French mathematician, engineer, and physicist. He was one of the first to rigorously state and prove the key theorems of calculus (thereby creating real a ...

(1789–1857) *

Félix Savart Félix Savart (; ; 30 June 1791, Mézières – 16 March 1841, Paris) was a French physicist and mathematician who is primarily known for the Biot–Savart law of electromagnetism, which he discovered together with his colleague Jean-Baptist ...

(1791–1841) * Ottaviano-Fabrizio Mossotti (1791–1863) *

Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (; 21 May 1792 – 19 September 1843) was a French mathematician, mechanical engineer and scientist. He is best known for his work on the supplementary forces that are detected in a rotating frame of reference, le ...

(1792–1843) * George Green^ (1793–1841) *

Michel Chasles Michel Floréal Chasles (; 15 November 1793 – 18 December 1880) was a French mathematician. Biography He was born at Épernon in France and studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris under Siméon Denis Poisson. In the War of the Sixth Coal ...

(1793–1880) * Gabrio Piola (1794–1850) *

Gabriel Lamé Gabriel Lamé (22 July 1795 – 1 May 1870) was a French mathematician who contributed to the theory of partial differential equations by the use of curvilinear coordinates, and the mathematical theory of elasticity (for which linear elasticity ...

(1795–1870) *

Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (; 1 June 1796 – 24 August 1832) was a French people, French military engineering, military engineer and physicist. A graduate of the École polytechnique, Carnot served as an officer in the Engineering Arm (''le ...

(1796–1832) * Nikolai Brashman (1796–1866) * Andreas von Ettingshausen (1796–1878) *

Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille (22 April 1797 – 26 December 1869) was a French physicist and physiologist. Life Poiseuille was born and died in Paris. From 1815 to 1816, he studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris, where He was trained in ...

(1797–1869) *

Jean-Marie Duhamel Jean-Marie Constant Duhamel (; ; 5 February 1797 – 29 April 1872) was a French mathematician and physicist. His studies were affected by the troubles of the Napoleonic era. He went on to form his own school ''École Sainte-Barbe''. Duhame ...

(1797–1872) *

Franz Ernst Neumann Franz Ernst Neumann (11 September 1798 – 23 May 1895) was a German mineralogist and physicist. He devised the first formulas to calculate inductance. He also formulated Neumann's law for molecular heat. In electromagnetism, he is credited for ...

(1798–1895) *

Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron Benoît () is a French male given name. It is less frequently spelled Benoist. The name comes from the Latin word , which means "blessed", equivalent in meaning to Bénédicte or the English name Benedict. A female derivative of the name is Ben ...

(1799–1864)

19th century

Mikhail Ostrogradsky Mikhail Vasilyevich Ostrogradsky (; 24 September 1801 – 1 January 1862), also known as Mykhailo Vasyliovych Ostrohradskyi (), was a Russian Imperial mathematician, mechanician, and physicist of Zaporozhian Cossacks ancestry. Ostrogradsky was a ...

(1801–1862) *

Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (; ; 10 December 1804 – 18 February 1851) was a German mathematician who made fundamental contributions to elliptic functions, dynamics, differential equations, determinants and number theory. Biography Jacobi was ...

(1804–1851) *

Viktor Bunyakovsky Viktor Yakovlevich Bunyakovsky (; ; – ) was a Russian mathematician, member and later vice president of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Bunyakovsky was a mathematician, noted for his work in theoretical mechanics and number theory (see: ...

(1804–1889) * William Hamilton^º (1805–1865) *

Samuel Earnshaw Samuel Earnshaw (1 February 1805, Sheffield, Yorkshire – 6 December 1888, Sheffield, Yorkshire) was an English clergyman and mathematician and physicist, noted for his contributions to theoretical physics, especially for proving Earnshaw' ...

(1805–1888) * Julius Weisbach (1806–1871) *

Athanase Dupré Louis Victoire Athanase Dupré (28 December 1808 – 10 August 1869) was a French mathematician and physicist noted for his 1860s publications on the mechanical theory of heat (thermodynamics); work that was said to have inspired the publicati ...

(1808–1869) *

Joseph Liouville Joseph Liouville ( ; ; 24 March 1809 – 8 September 1882) was a French mathematician and engineer. Life and work He was born in Saint-Omer in France on 24 March 1809. His parents were Claude-Joseph Liouville (an army officer) and Thérès ...

(1809–1882) *

Auguste Bravais Auguste Bravais (; 23 August 1811, Annonay, Ardèche – 30 March 1863, Le Chesnay, France) was a French physicist known for his work in crystallography, the conception of Bravais lattices, and the formulation of Bravais law. Bravais also studi ...

(1811–1863) * Osip Ivanovich Somov (1815–1876) *

Charles-Eugène Delaunay Charles-Eugène Delaunay (; 9 April 1816 – 5 August 1872) was a French astronomer and mathematician. His lunar motion studies were important in advancing both the theory of planetary motion and mathematics. Life Born in Lusigny-sur-Barse ...

(1816–1872) * Jonathan Homer Lane (1819–1880) *

William John Macquorn Rankine William John Macquorn Rankine (; 5 July 1820 – 24 December 1872) was a Scottish mathematician and physicist. He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), to the science of thermodynamics, particularl ...

(1820–1872) *

Pafnuty Chebyshev Pafnuty Lvovich Chebyshev ( rus, Пафну́тий Льво́вич Чебышёв, p=pɐfˈnutʲɪj ˈlʲvovʲɪtɕ tɕɪbɨˈʂof) ( – ) was a Russian mathematician and considered to be the founding father of Russian mathematics. Chebysh ...

(1821–1894) *

Hermann von Helmholtz Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (; ; 31 August 1821 – 8 September 1894; "von" since 1883) was a German physicist and physician who made significant contributions in several scientific fields, particularly hydrodynamic stability. The ...

‡† (1821–1894) *

Johann Josef Loschmidt Johann Josef Loschmidt (15 March 1821 – 8 July 1895), better known as Josef Loschmidt, was an Austrian scientist who performed ground-breaking work in chemistry, physics (thermodynamics, optics, electrodynamics), and crystal forms. Born in Karl ...

(1821–1895) *

August Krönig August Karl Krönig (; 20 September 1822 – 5 June 1879) was a German chemist and physicist who published an account of the kinetic theory of gases in 1856, probably after reading a paper by John James Waterston. Biography Krönig was born ...

(1822–1879) *

Rudolf Clausius Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (; 2 January 1822 – 24 August 1888) was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founding fathers of the science of thermodynamics. By his restatement of Sadi Carnot's principle ...

(1822–1888) *

August Davidov August Yulevich Davidov () (December 15, 1823 – December 22, 1885) was a Russian mathematician and engineer, professor at Moscow University, and author of works on differential equations with partial derivatives, definite integrals, and the appl ...

(1823–1885) *

Gustav Kirchhoff Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (; 12 March 1824 – 17 October 1887) was a German chemist, mathematician, physicist, and spectroscopist who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy and the emission of black-body ...

(1824–1887) *

Bernhard Riemann Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann (; ; 17September 182620July 1866) was a German mathematician who made profound contributions to analysis, number theory, and differential geometry. In the field of real analysis, he is mostly known for the f ...

(1826–1866) *

Ludvig Lorenz Ludvig Valentin Lorenz ( ; 18 January 1829 – 9 June 1891) was a Danish physicist and mathematician. In 1867, he gave completely general integral solutions to the differential equations of electromagnetism, which contain retardation effects re ...

(1829–1891) *

James Clerk Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish physicist and mathematician who was responsible for the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, which was the first theory to describe electricity, magnetism an ...

(1831–1879) *

Johann Bauschinger Johann Bauschinger (11 June 1834, in Nuremberg – 25 November 1893, in Munich) was a mathematician, builder, and professor of Engineering Mechanics at Munich Polytechnic, from 1868 until his death. The Bauschinger effect in materials science ...

(1834–1893) *

Josef Stefan Josef Stefan (; 24 March 1835 – 7 January 1893) was a Carinthian Slovene physicist, mathematician, and poet of the Austrian Empire. Life and work Stefan was born in the village of St. Peter (Slovene: ) on the outskirts of Klagenfurt) to A ...

(1835–1893) *

Eugen von Lommel Eugen Cornelius Joseph von Lommel (19 March 1837, Edenkoben – 19 June 1899, Munich) was a German physicist. He is notable for the Lommel polynomial, the Lommel function, the Lommel–Weber function, and the Lommel differential equation. ...

(1837–1899) *

Carlo Alberto Castigliano Carlo Alberto Castigliano (9 November 1847, in Asti – 25 October 1884, in Milan) was an Italian mathematician and physicist known for Castigliano's method for determining displacements in a linear-elastic system based on the partial derivati ...

(1847–1884) *

Sofia Kovalevskaya Sofya Vasilyevna Kovalevskaya (; born Korvin-Krukovskaya; – 10 February 1891) was a Russian mathematician who made noteworthy contributions to analysis, partial differential equations and mechanics. She was a pioneer for women in mathematics a ...

(1850–1891) *

Pierre Henri Hugoniot Pierre-Henri Hugoniot (born in Allenjoie, Doubs, France on 5 June 1851; died in Nantes, France in February 1887) was an inventor, mathematician, and physicist who worked on fluid mechanics, especially on issues related to material shock. He mostly ...

(1851–1887) *

Heinrich Hertz Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (; ; 22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves predicted by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism. Biography Heinri ...

* (1857–1894)

19th–20th centuries

Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet, (; 13 August 1819 – 1 February 1903) was an Irish mathematician and physicist. Born in County Sligo, Ireland, Stokes spent his entire career at the University of Cambridge, where he served as the Lucasi ...

(1819–1903) *

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (26 June 182417 December 1907), was a British mathematician, Mathematical physics, mathematical physicist and engineer. Born in Belfast, he was the Professor of Natural Philosophy (Glasgow), professor of Natur ...

* (1824–1907) * Rodolphe Radau (1835–1911) *

Christian Otto Mohr Christian Otto Mohr (8 October 1835 – 2 October 1918) was a German civil engineer. He is renowned for his contributions to the field of structural engineering, such as Mohr's circle, and for his study of stress. Biography He was born on 8 Oct ...

(1835–1918) *

Johannes Diderik van der Waals Johannes Diderik van der Waals (; 23 November 1837 – 8 March 1923) was a Dutch theoretical physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1910 "for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids". Van der Waals started his car ...

(1837–1923) * Thorvald N. Thiele (1838–1910) *

George William Hill George William Hill (March 3, 1838 – April 16, 1914) was an American astronomer and mathematician. Working independently and largely in isolation from the wider scientific community, he made major contributions to celestial mechanics and t ...

(1838–1914) *

Ernst Mach Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel Mach ( ; ; 18 February 1838 – 19 February 1916) was an Austrian physicist and philosopher, who contributed to the understanding of the physics of shock waves. The ratio of the speed of a flow or object to that of ...

(1838–1916) * Viktor von Lang (1838–1921) * J. Willard Gibbs†^ (1839–1903) *

Ernst Abbe Ernst Karl Abbe (23 January 1840 – 14 January 1905) was a German businessman, optical engineer, physicist, and social reformer. Together with Otto Schott and Carl Zeiss, he developed numerous optical instruments. He was also a co-owner of Ca ...

(1840–1905) *

Osborne Reynolds Osborne Reynolds (23 August 1842 – 21 February 1912) was an Irish-born British innovator in the understanding of fluid dynamics. Separately, his studies of heat transfer between solids and fluids brought improvements in boiler and condenser ...

(1842–1912) * (1842–1914) *

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh ( ; 12 November 1842 – 30 June 1919), was an English physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1904 "for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery ...

(1842–1919) *

Joseph Valentin Boussinesq Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (; 13 March 1842 – 19 February 1929) was a French mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to the theory of hydrodynamics, vibration, light, and heat. Biography From 1872 to 1886, he was appoin ...

(1842–1929) *

Ludwig Boltzmann Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann ( ; ; 20 February 1844 – 5 September 1906) was an Austrian mathematician and Theoretical physics, theoretical physicist. His greatest achievements were the development of statistical mechanics and the statistical ex ...

(1844–1906) * Nikolay Umov (1846–1915) *

Mór Réthy Mór Réthy (or Moritz Réthy) (1846–1925) was a Hungarian mathematician. Life and work Réthy attended the Technical Universities of Vienna and Budapest; he graduated in Budapest in 1870. After two years teaching in the Modern Technical Sch ...

(1846–1925) *

Nikolay Zhukovsky Nikolay Zhukovsky may refer to: * Nikolay Zhukovsky (revolutionary) (1833–1895), Russian revolutionary *Nikolay Zhukovsky (scientist) (1847–1921), Russian scientist See also * Zhukovsky (disambiguation) __NOTOC__ Zhukovsky (masculine), Zhukovs ...

(1847–1921) *

Diederik Korteweg Diederik Johannes Korteweg (31 March 1848 – 10 May 1941) was a Dutch mathematician. He is now best remembered for his work on the Korteweg–de Vries equation, together with Gustav de Vries. Early life and education Diederik Korteweg's father ...

(1848–1941) *

Horace Lamb Sir Horace Lamb (27 November 1849 – 4 December 1934R. B. Potts,, '' Australian Dictionary of Biography'', Volume 5, MUP, 1974, pp 54–55. Retrieved 5 Sep 2009) was a British applied mathematician and author of several influential texts on ...

(1849–1934) *

Woldemar Voigt Woldemar Voigt (; 2 September 1850 – 13 December 1919) was a German mathematician and physicist. Biography Voigt was born in Leipzig, and died in Göttingen. He was a student of Franz Ernst Neumann. Voigt taught at the Georg August Universi ...

(1850–1919) *

Oliver Heaviside Oliver Heaviside ( ; 18 May 1850 – 3 February 1925) was an English mathematician and physicist who invented a new technique for solving differential equations (equivalent to the Laplace transform), independently developed vector calculus, an ...

(1850–1925) *

Jacobus Kapteyn Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn (19 January 1851 – 18 June 1922) was a Dutch astronomy, astronomer. He carried out extensive studies of the Milky Way. He found that the apparent movement of stars was not randomly distributed but had two preferentia ...

(1851–1922) *

Arthur Schuster Sir Franz Arthur Friedrich Schuster (12 September 1851 – 14 October 1934) was a German-born British physicist known for his work in spectroscopy, electrochemistry, optics, X-radiography and the application of harmonic analysis to physics. S ...

(1851–1934) *

Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Jr. (; 30 August 1852 – 1 March 1911) was a Dutch physical chemistry, physical chemist. A highly influential theoretical chemistry, theoretical chemist of his time, Van 't Hoff was the first winner of the Nobe ...

(1852–1911) *

John Henry Poynting John Henry Poynting Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (9 September 185230 March 1914) was an English physicist. He was the first professor of physics at Mason Science College from 1880 to 1900, and then the successor institution, the University ...

(1852–1914) * Orest Khvolson (1852–1934) *

Hendrik Lorentz Hendrik Antoon Lorentz ( ; ; 18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch theoretical physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for their discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. He derive ...

(1853–1928) *

Henri Poincaré Jules Henri Poincaré (, ; ; 29 April 185417 July 1912) was a French mathematician, Theoretical physics, theoretical physicist, engineer, and philosophy of science, philosopher of science. He is often described as a polymath, and in mathemati ...

(1854–1912) *

Alfred Barnard Basset Alfred Barnard Basset FRS (25 July 1854 – 5 December 1930) was a British mathematician working on algebraic geometry, electrodynamics and hydrodynamics. In fluid dynamics, the Basset force—also known as the Boussinesq–Basset force—descr ...

(1854–1930) * Emil Cohn (1854–1944) *

Marcel Brillouin Louis Marcel Brillouin (; 19 December 1854 – 16 June 1948) was a French physicist and mathematician. He carried research in many realms of physics, including fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, geophysics, quantum mechan ...

(1854–1948) * Max Margules (1856–1920) *

Carl Runge Carl David Tolmé Runge (; 30 August 1856 – 3 January 1927) was a German mathematician, physicist, and spectroscopist. He was co-developer and co-eponym of the Runge–Kutta method (), in the field of what is today known as numerical analysi ...

(1856–1927) *

Anatole Leduc Anatole Sylvester Leduc (22 April 1856 – 16 April 1937) was a French physicist and a professor at the Faculty of Science in Paris. He was one of the independent discoverers of the thermal Hall effect. Leduc was born in Oust-Marais (Somme) to fa ...

(1856–1937) *

Aleksandr Lyapunov Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov (Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Ляпуно́в, – 3 November 1918) was a Russian mathematician, mechanician and physicist. He was the son of the astronomer Mikhail Lyapunov and the brother of t ...

(1857–1918) *

Samuel Oppenheim Samuel Oppenheim (19 November 1857 in Braunsberg – 15 August 1928 in Vienna) was an Austrian astronomer. In 1875, Oppenheim began to study mathematics, physics and astronomy in Vienna. He took his Staatsexamen in 1880. From 1881–1887, he wo ...

(1857–1928) *

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (; rus, Константин Эдуардович Циолковский, p=kənstɐnʲˈtʲin ɪdʊˈardəvʲɪtɕ tsɨɐlˈkofskʲɪj, a=Ru-Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.oga; – 19 September 1935) was a Russi ...

(1857–1935) *

Joseph Larmor Sir Joseph Larmor (; 11 July 1857 – 19 May 1942) was an Irish mathematician and physicist who made breakthroughs in the understanding of electricity, dynamics, thermodynamics, and the electron theory of matter. His most influential work was ...

(1857–1942) *

Maurice Couette Maurice Marie Alfred Couette (9 January 1858, Tours – 18 August 1943, Angers) was a French physicist known for his studies of Viscosity#Fluidity, fluidity. Couette is best known for his contributions to rheology and the theory of fluid flow. He ...

(1858–1943) *

Max Planck Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (; ; 23 April 1858 – 4 October 1947) was a German Theoretical physics, theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quantum, quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918. Planck made many substantial con ...

(1858–1947) *

Svante Arrhenius Svante August Arrhenius ( , ; 19 February 1859 – 2 October 1927) was a Swedish scientist. Originally a physicist, but often referred to as a chemist, Arrhenius was one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry. In 1903, he received ...

(1859–1927) * Karl Heun (1859–1929) *

Vito Volterra Vito Volterra (, ; 3 May 1860 – 11 October 1940) was an Italian mathematician and physicist, known for his contributions to Mathematical and theoretical biology, mathematical biology and Integral equation, integral equations, being one of the ...

(1860–1940) *

Pierre Duhem Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem (; 9 June 1861 – 14 September 1916) was a French theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to thermodynamics, hydrodynamics, and the theory of Elasticity (physics), elasticity. Duhem was also a prolif ...

(1861–1916) *

Emil Wiechert Emil Johann Wiechert (26 December 1861 – 19 March 1928) was a German physicist and geophysicist who made many contributions to both fields, including presenting the first verifiable model of a layered structure of the Earth and being among the ...

(1861–1928) * Robert Emden (1862–1940) *

Paul Drude Paul Karl Ludwig Drude (; ; 12 July 1863 – 5 July 1906) was a German physicist specializing in optics. He was known for the Drude model. Biography Education Born in Braunschweig, Drude began his studies in mathematics at the University o ...

(1863–1906) *

Arthur Gordon Webster Arthur Gordon Webster (November 28, 1863 – May 15, 1923) was an American physicist who founded the American Physical Society. Biography Webster was born on November 28, 1863, at Brookline, Massachusetts, to William Edward Webster and Mary Shann ...

(1863–1923) *

Augustus Edward Hough Love Augustus Edward Hough Love FRS (17 April 1863, Weston-super-Mare – 5 June 1940, Oxford), often known as A. E. H. Love, was a mathematician famous for his work on the mathematical theory of elasticity. He also worked on wave propagation and hi ...

(1863–1940) *

Hermann Minkowski Hermann Minkowski (22 June 1864 – 12 January 1909) was a mathematician and professor at the University of Königsberg, the University of Zürich, and the University of Göttingen, described variously as German, Polish, Lithuanian-German, o ...

(1864–1909) * Vladimir Steklov (1864–1926) *

Wilhelm Wien Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien (; 13 January 1864 – 30 August 1928) was a German physicist who used theories about heat and electromagnetism to deduce Wien's displacement law, which calculates the emission of a blackbody at any te ...

(1864–1928) *

Walther Nernst Walther Hermann Nernst (; 25 June 1864 – 18 November 1941) was a German physical chemist known for his work in thermodynamics, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid-state physics. His formulation of the Nernst heat theorem helped ...

(1864–1941) * Pierre Weiss (1865–1940) *

Pieter Zeeman Pieter Zeeman ( ; ; 25 May 1865 – 9 October 1943) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hendrik Lorentz for their discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. Childhood and youth Pieter Zeeman was ...

(1865–1943) *

Jacques Hadamard Jacques Salomon Hadamard (; 8 December 1865 – 17 October 1963) was a French mathematician who made major contributions in number theory, complex analysis, differential geometry, and partial differential equations. Biography The son of a tea ...

(1865–1963) * Gustav de Vries (1866–1934) *

Martin Kutta Martin Wilhelm Kutta (; 3 November 1867 – 25 December 1944) was a German mathematician. In 1901, he co-developed the Runge–Kutta method, used to solve ordinary differential equations numerically. He is also remembered for the Zhukovsky– ...

(1867–1944) *

Arnold Sommerfeld Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld (; 5 December 1868 – 26 April 1951) was a German Theoretical physics, theoretical physicist who pioneered developments in Atomic physics, atomic and Quantum mechanics, quantum physics, and also educated and ...

(1868–1951) *

Gustav Mie Gustav Adolf Feodor Wilhelm Ludwig Mie (; 29 September 1868 – 13 February 1957) was a German physicist. His work included Mie scattering, the Mie potential, the Mie–Grüneisen equation of state and an early effort at classical unified field ...

(1868–1957) *

Sergey Chaplygin Sergey Alexeyevich Chaplygin (; 5 April 1869 – 8 October 1942) was a Russian and Soviet physicist, mathematician, and mechanical engineer. He is known for mathematical formulas such as Chaplygin's equation and for a hypothetical substa ...

(1869–1942) * Nikolai Kasterin (1869–1947) *

Élie Cartan Élie Joseph Cartan (; 9 April 1869 – 6 May 1951) was an influential French mathematician who did fundamental work in the theory of Lie groups, differential systems (coordinate-free geometric formulation of PDEs), and differential geometry. He ...

(1869–1951) *

Alfred-Marie Liénard Alfred-Marie Liénard (2 April 1869 in Amiens Amiens (English: or ; ; , or ) is a city and Communes of France, commune in northern France, located north of Paris and south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme (department), Somm ...

(1869–1958) *

Louis Bachelier Louis Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Bachelier (; 11 March 1870 – 28 April 1946) was a French mathematician at the turn of the 20th century. He is credited with being the first person to model the stochastic process now called Brownian motion, as part ...

(1870–1946) *

Ernest Rutherford Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand physicist who was a pioneering researcher in both Atomic physics, atomic and nuclear physics. He has been described as "the father of nu ...

(1871–1937) * Émile Jouguet (1871–1943) *

Boris Galerkin Boris Grigoryevich Galerkin (, surname more accurately romanized as Galyorkin; –12 July 1945) was a Soviet mathematician and an engineer. Biography Early life Galerkin was born on in Polotsk, Vitebsk Governorate, Russian Empire, now part of ...

(1871–1945) *

Martin Knudsen Martin Hans Christian Knudsen (15 February 1871 in Hasmark on Funen – 27 May 1949 in Copenhagen) was a Danish physicist who taught and conducted research at the Technical University of Denmark. He is primarily known for his study of molecul ...

(1871–1949) *

Émile Borel Félix Édouard Justin Émile Borel (; 7 January 1871 – 3 February 1956) was a French people, French mathematician and politician. As a mathematician, he was known for his founding work in the areas of measure theory and probability. Biograp ...

(1871–1956) *

Marian Smoluchowski Marian Smoluchowski (; 28 May 1872 – 5 September 1917) was a Polish physicist who worked in the territories of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was a pioneer of statistical physics and made significant contributions to the theory of Brown ...

(1872–1917) *

Paul Langevin Paul Langevin (23 January 1872 – 19 December 1946) was a French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation. He was one of the founders of the '' Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes'', an anti-fascist ...

(1872–1946) *

Ludwik Silberstein Ludwik Silberstein (May 17, 1872 – January 17, 1948) was a Polish-American physicist who helped make special relativity and general relativity staples of university coursework. His textbook '' The Theory of Relativity'' was published by Macmill ...

(1872–1948) *

Théophile de Donder Theophilus is a male given name with a range of alternative spellings. Its origin is the Greek word Θεόφιλος from θεός (''theós'', "God") and φιλία (''philía'', "love or affection") can be translated as "Love of God" or "Friend ...

(1872–1957) *

Karl Schwarzschild Karl Schwarzschild (; 9 October 1873 – 11 May 1916) was a German physicist and astronomer. Schwarzschild provided the first exact solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity, for the limited case of a single spherical non-r ...

(1873–1916) *

Alfred Robb Alfred Arthur Robb FRS (18 January 1873 in Belfast – 14 December 1936 in Castlereagh) was an Irish physicist. Biography Robb studied at Queen's College, Belfast (BA 1894) and at St John's College, Cambridge (Tripos 1897, MA 1901). He the ...

(1873–1936) *

Tullio Levi-Civita Tullio Levi-Civita, (; ; 29 March 1873 – 29 December 1941) was an Italian mathematician, most famous for his work on absolute differential calculus ( tensor calculus) and its applications to the theory of relativity, but who also made signifi ...

(1873–1941) *

Constantin Carathéodory Constantin Carathéodory (; 13 September 1873 – 2 February 1950) was a Greeks, Greek mathematician who spent most of his professional career in Germany. He made significant contributions to real and complex analysis, the calculus of variations, ...

(1873–1950) * H. Stanley Allen (1873–1954) *

E. T. Whittaker Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker (24 October 1873 – 24 March 1956) was a British mathematician, physicist, and historian of science. Whittaker was a leading mathematical scholar of the early 20th century who contributed widely to applied mathemat ...

(1873–1956) *

Friedrich Hasenöhrl Friedrich Hasenöhrl (; 30 November 1874 – 7 October 1915) was an Austrian physicist and professor of the University of Vienna. He postulated a relation between electromagnetic mass and energy, close to the modern mass–energy equivalence. He ...

(1874–1915) *

Vagn Walfrid Ekman Vagn Walfrid Ekman (3 May 1874 – 9 March 1954) was a Swedish oceanographer. Born in Stockholm to Fredrik Laurentz Ekman, himself an oceanographer, he became committed to oceanography while studying physics at the University of Uppsala an ...

(1874–1954) *

Hans Reissner Hans Jacob Reissner, also known as Jacob Johannes Reissner (18 January 1874, Berlin – 2 October 1967, Mt. Angel, Oregon), was a German aeronautical engineer whose avocation was mathematical physics. During World War I he was awarded the Iron ...

(1874–1967) *

Max Abraham Max Abraham (; 26 March 1875 – 16 November 1922) was a German physicist known for his work on electromagnetism and his opposition to the theory of relativity. Biography Abraham was born in Danzig, Imperial Germany (now Gdańsk in Poland) ...

(1875–1922) * Louis Napoleon George Filon (1875–1937) *

Gilbert N. Lewis Gilbert Newton Lewis (October 23 or October 25, 1875 – March 23, 1946) was an American physical chemist and a dean of the college of chemistry at University of California, Berkeley. Lewis was best known for his discovery of the covalent bon ...

(1875–1946) *

Ludwig Prandtl Ludwig Prandtl (4 February 1875 – 15 August 1953) was a German Fluid mechanics, fluid dynamicist, physicist and aerospace scientist. He was a pioneer in the development of rigorous systematic mathematical analyses which he used for underlyin ...

(1875–1953) * Tatyana Ehrenfest-Afanasevaª (1876–1964) *

James Jeans Sir James Hopwood Jeans (11 September 1877 – 16 September 1946) was an English physicist, mathematician and an astronomer. He served as a secretary of the Royal Society from 1919 to 1929, and was the president of the Royal Astronomical Soci ...

° (1877–1946) *

Eduard Grüneisen Eduard August Grüneisen (26 May 1877 – 5 April 1949) was a German physicist. He is best known for the Grüneisen parameter, the Mie–Grüneisen equation of state and the Bloch–Grüneisen law. He served as director of the Physics Departme ...

(1877–1949) * Georg Hamel (1877–1954) *

Walther Ritz Walther Heinrich Wilhelm Ritz (22 February 1878 – 7 July 1909) was a Swiss theoretical physicist. He is most famous for his work with Johannes Rydberg on the Rydberg–Ritz combination principle. Ritz is also known for the variational method n ...

(1878–1909) *

Marcel Grossmann Marcel Grossmann (; April 9, 1878 – September 7, 1936) was a Swiss mathematician who was a friend and classmate of Albert Einstein. Grossmann came from an old Swiss family in Zürich. His father managed a textile factory. He became a Professor ...

(1878–1936) *

Lise Meitner Elise Lise Meitner ( ; ; 7 November 1878 – 27 October 1968) was an Austrian-Swedish nuclear physicist who was instrumental in the discovery of nuclear fission. After completing her doctoral research in 1906, Meitner became the second woman ...

(1878–1968) *

Stephen Timoshenko Stepan Prokopovich Timoshenko (, ; , ; – May 29, 1972), later known as Stephen Timoshenko, was a Ukrainian and later an American engineer and academician. He is considered to be the father of modern engineering mechanics. An inventor an ...

(1878–1972) *

Leonid Mandelstam Leonid Isaakovich Mandelstam or Mandelshtam ( rus, Леонид Исаакович Мандельштам, p=lʲɪɐˈnʲit ɨsɐˈakəvʲɪtɕ mənʲdʲɪlʲˈʂtam, a=Ru-Leonid_Mandelstam.ogg, links=y; 4 May 1879 – 27 November 1944) was a So ...

(1879–1944) *

Carl Wilhelm Oseen Carl Wilhelm Oseen (17 April 1879 in Lund – 7 November 1944 in Uppsala) was a theoretical physicist in Uppsala and Director of the Nobel Institute for Theoretical Physics in Stockholm. Life Oseen was born in Lund, and took a Fil. Kand. degree ...

(1879–1944) *

Albert Einstein Albert Einstein (14 March 187918 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is best known for developing the theory of relativity. Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence f ...

º (1879–1955) * Nikolay Krylov (1879–1955) *

Max von Laue Max Theodor Felix von Laue (; 9 October 1879 – 24 April 1960) was a German physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1914 "for his discovery of the X-ray diffraction, diffraction of X-rays by crystals". In addition to his scientifi ...

(1879–1960) *

Otto Sackur Otto Sackur (28 September 1880 in Breslau, Germany – 17 December 1914 in Berlin, Germany) was a German physical chemist. He is known for the development of the Sackur–Tetrode equation, which he developed independently of Hugo Tetrode. ...

(1880–1914) *

Paul Ehrenfest Paul Ehrenfest (; 18 January 1880 – 25 September 1933) was an Austrian Theoretical physics, theoretical physicist who made major contributions to statistical mechanics and its relation to quantum physics, quantum mechanics, including the theory ...

(1880–1933) *

Leonard Ornstein Leonard Salomon Ornstein (12 November 1880 in Nijmegen, the Netherlands – 20 May 1941 in Utrecht (city), Utrecht, the Netherlands) was a Dutch physicist. Biography Ornstein studied theoretical physics with Hendrik Lorentz, Hendrik Anto ...

(1880–1941) * Nikolai Papaleksi (1880–1947) * Alfred J. Lotka (1880–1949) *

Abram Ioffe Abram Fedorovich Ioffe ( rus, Абра́м Фёдорович Ио́ффе, p=ɐˈbram ˈfʲɵdərəvʲɪtɕ ɪˈofɛ; – 14 October 1960) was a prominent Soviet Union, Soviet physicist. He received the USSR State Prize, Stalin Prize (1942), the ...

(1880–1960) *

Oswald Veblen Oswald Veblen (June 24, 1880 – August 10, 1960) was an American mathematician, geometer and topologist, whose work found application in atomic physics and the theory of relativity. He proved the Jordan curve theorem in 1905; while this was lo ...

(1880–1960) *

Gunnar Nordström Gunnar Nordström (12 March 1881 – 24 December 1923) was a Finland, Finnish theoretical physicist best remembered for Nordström's theory of gravitation, his theory of gravitation, which was an early competitor of general relativity. Nordströ ...

(1881–1923) *

Jun Ishiwara Jun Ishiwara or Atsushi Ishihara (石原純; January 15, 1881 – January 19, 1947) was a Japanese theoretical physicist, known for his works on the electronic theory of metals, the theory of relativity and quantum theory. Being the only Japanese ...

(1881–1947) * Walter Rogowski (1881–1947) *

Richard Tolman Richard Chace Tolman (March 4, 1881 – September 5, 1948) was an American mathematical physicist and physical chemist who made many contributions to statistical mechanics and theoretical cosmology. He was a professor at the California In ...

° (1881–1948) *

Gustav Herglotz Gustav Herglotz (2 February 1881 – 22 March 1953) was a German Bohemian physicist best known for his works on the theory of relativity and seismology. Biography Gustav Ferdinand Joseph Wenzel Herglotz was born in Volary num. 28 to a public n ...

(1881–1953) *

Irving Langmuir Irving Langmuir (; January 31, 1881 – August 16, 1957) was an American chemist, physicist, and metallurgical engineer. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1932 for his work in surface chemistry. Langmuir's most famous publicatio ...

(1881–1957) *

Theodore von Kármán Theodore von Kármán ( , May 11, 1881May 6, 1963) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, aerospace engineer, and physicist who worked in aeronautics and astronautics. He was responsible for crucial advances in aerodynamics characterizing ...

(1881–1963) *

Erwin Madelung Erwin Madelung (18 May 1881 – 1 August 1972) was a German physicist. He was born in 1881 in Bonn. His father was the surgeon Otto Wilhelm Madelung. He earned a doctorate in 1905 from the University of Göttingen, specializing in crystal struct ...

(1881–1972) *

Ebenezer Cunningham Ebenezer Cunningham (7 May 1881 – 12 February 1977) was a British mathematician who is remembered for his research and exposition at the dawn of special relativity. Biography Cunningham was born in Hackney, London, the son of a cabinet mak ...

(1881–1977) *

Emmy Noether Amalie Emmy Noether (23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935) was a German mathematician who made many important contributions to abstract algebra. She also proved Noether's theorem, Noether's first and Noether's second theorem, second theorems, which ...

^ª (1882–1935) *

Arthur Eddington Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington, (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944) was an English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician. He was also a philosopher of science and a populariser of science. The Eddington limit, the natural limit to the lu ...

(1882–1944) *

Harry Bateman Harry Bateman FRS (29 May 1882 – 21 January 1946) was an English mathematician with a specialty in differential equations of mathematical physics. With Ebenezer Cunningham, he expanded the views of spacetime symmetry of Lorentz and Poinca ...

(1882–1946) *

Max Born Max Born (; 11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German-British theoretical physicist who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics, and supervised the work of a ...

(1882–1970) *

Richard von Mises Richard Martin Edler von Mises (; 19 April 1883 – 14 July 1953) was an Austrian scientist and mathematician who worked on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, aeronautics, statistics and probability theory. He held the position of ...

(1883–1953) *

Paul Sophus Epstein Paul Sophus Epstein (; March 20, 1883 – February 8, 1966) was a Russian-American mathematical physicist. He was known for his contributions to fluid dynamics and to the development of quantum mechanics. Early life and studies Paul Eps ...

(1883–1966) *

Ludwig Hopf Ludwig Hopf (23 October 1884 in Nürnberg, Germany – 23 December 1939 in Dublin) was a German-Jewish theoretical physicist who made contributions to mathematics, special relativity, hydrodynamics, and aerodynamics. Early in his career he wa ...

(1884–1939) *

Arthur Erich Haas Arthur Erich Haas (April 30, 1884, in Brno – February 20, 1941, in Chicago) was an Austrian physicist, noted for a 1910 paper he submitted in support of his habilitation as '' Privatdocent'' at the University of Vienna that outlined a treat ...

(1884–1941) *

George David Birkhoff George David Birkhoff (March21, 1884November12, 1944) was one of the top American mathematicians of his generation. He made valuable contributions to the theory of differential equations, dynamical systems, the four-color problem, the three-body ...

(1884–1944) * David Enskog (1884–1947) *

Peter Debye Peter Joseph William Debye ( ; born Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debije, ; March 24, 1884 – November 2, 1966) was a Dutch-American physicist and physical chemist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry. Biography Early life Born in Maastricht, Neth ...

(1884–1966) *

Philipp Frank Philipp Frank (; March 20, 1884 – July 21, 1966) was an Austrian-American physicist, mathematician and philosopher of the early-to-mid 20th century. He was a logical positivism, logical positivist, and a member of the Vienna Circle. He was infl ...

(1884–1966) * Vsevolod Frederiks (1885–1944) * Naum Idelson (1885–1951) *

Theodor Kaluza Theodor Franz Eduard Kaluza (; 9 November 1885 – 19 January 1954) was a German mathematician and physicist known for the Kaluza–Klein theory, involving field equations in five-dimensional space-time. His idea that fundamental forces can b ...

(1885–1954) *

Hermann Weyl Hermann Klaus Hugo Weyl (; ; 9 November 1885 – 8 December 1955) was a German mathematician, theoretical physicist, logician and philosopher. Although much of his working life was spent in Zürich, Switzerland, and then Princeton, New Jersey, ...

(1885–1955) *

Niels Bohr Niels Henrik David Bohr (, ; ; 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish theoretical physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and old quantum theory, quantum theory, for which he received the No ...

(1885–1962) * Victor Robertovich Bursian (1886–1945) *

Rudolf Seeliger Rudolf Seeliger (12 November 1886 – 20 January 1965) was a German physicist who specialized in electric discharges in gases and plasma physics. From 1906 to 1909, Seeliger studied at the University of Tübingen and the University of Heidelberg ...

(1886–1965) *

Friedrich Kottler Friedrich Kottler (December 10, 1886 – May 11, 1965) was an Austrian theoretical physicist. He was a Privatdozent before he got a professorship in 1923 at the University of Vienna. Life In 1938, after the Anschluss, he lost his profess ...

(1886–1965) * Paul Lévy (1886–1971) * Geoffrey Taylor (1886–1975) *

Walter H. Schottky Walter Hans Schottky ( ; ; 23 July 1886 – 4 March 1976) was a German solid-state physicist who played a major early role in developing the theory of electron and ion emission phenomena, invented the screen-grid vacuum tube in 1915 while wor ...

(1886–1976) * Richard Becker (1887–1955) *

Erwin Schrödinger Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger ( ; ; 12 August 1887 – 4 January 1961), sometimes written as or , was an Austrian-Irish theoretical physicist who developed fundamental results in quantum field theory, quantum theory. In particul ...

(1887–1961) *

Charles Galton Darwin Sir Charles Galton Darwin (19 December 1887 – 31 December 1962) was an English physicist who served as director of the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) during the Second World War. He was a son of the mathematician George Darwin and a gr ...

(1887–1962) *

Adriaan Fokker Adriaan Daniël Fokker (; 17 August 1887 – 24 September 1972) was a Dutch physicist. He worked in the fields of special relativity and statistical mechanics. He was the inventor of the Fokker organ, a 31 equal temperament, 31-tone equal-temp ...

(1887–1972) * Erich Kretschmann (1887–1973) *

Hendrika Johanna van Leeuwen Hendrika Johanna van Leeuwen (July 3, 1887 – February 26, 1974) was a Dutch physicist known for her early contributions to the theory of magnetism. She studied at Leiden University under the guidance of Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, obtaining her do ...

(1887–1974) *

Waloddi Weibull Ernst Hjalmar Waloddi Weibull (18 June 1887 – 12 October 1979) was a Swedish civil engineer, Materials science, materials scientist, and Mathematician#Applied mathematics, applied mathematician. The Weibull distribution is named after him. Edu ...

(1887–1979) *

Alexander Weinstein Alexander Weinstein (21 January 1897 – 6 November 1979) was a mathematician who worked on boundary value problems in fluid dynamics. Early life, family and personal life Weinstein was born to Judel Jejb Weinstein and Praskovya Levkovich, hi ...

(1887–1979) *

Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff, Sr. (August 9, 1897 – November 3, 1994), or simply Ralph Wyckoff, was an American chemist and pioneer of X-ray crystallography. He also made contributions to vaccine developments against epidemic typhus and other ...

(1897–1994) *

Alexander Friedmann Alexander Alexandrovich Friedmann (also spelled Friedman or Fridman; ; ; – September 16, 1925) was a Russian and Soviet physicist and mathematician. He originated the pioneering theory that the universe is expanding, governed by a set of eq ...

(1888–1925) *

Walther Kossel Walther Ludwig Julius Kossel (; 4 January 1888 – 22 May 1956) was a German chemist and physicist known for his theory of the chemical bond (ionic bond/octet rule), Sommerfeld–Kossel displacement law of atomic spectra, the Kossel–Stranski ...

(1888–1956) * Viktor Trkal (1888–1956) *

Wilhelm Lenz Wilhelm Lenz (February 8, 1888 in Frankfurt am Main – April 30, 1957 in Hamburg) was a German physicist, most notable for his invention of the Ising model (named after his student, Ernst Ising), and for his application of the Laplace–Runge–Le ...

(1888–1957) *

Georges Darmois Georges Darmois (24 June 1888 – 3 January 1960) was a French mathematician and statistician. He pioneered in the theory of sufficiency, in stellar statistics, and in factor analysis. He was also one of the first French mathematicians to teach ...

(1888–1960) * Antonio Signorini (1888–1963) *

Frits Zernike Frits Zernike (; 16 July 1888 – 10 March 1966) was a Dutch physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1953 for his invention of the phase-contrast microscope. Early life and education Frederick "Frits" Zernike was born on 16 July ...

(1888–1966) * Sydney Chapman (1888–1970) * Joseph Proudman (1888–1975) *

Alfred Landé Alfred Landé (13 December 1888 – 30 October 1976) was a German-American physicist known for his contributions to quantum theory. He is responsible for the Landé g-factor and an explanation of the Zeeman effect. Life and achievements Alf ...

(1888–1976) *

Hans Thirring Hans Thirring (23 March 1888 – 22 March 1976) was an Austrian theoretical physicist, professor, and father of the physicist Walter Thirring. He won the Haitinger Prize of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 1920. Together with the mathematic ...

(1888–1976) *

Paul Peter Ewald Paul Peter Ewald, FRS (January23, 1888August22, 1985) was a German crystallographer and physicist, a pioneer of X-ray diffraction methods. Education Ewald received his early education in the classics at the Gymnasium in Berlin and Potsdam, wh ...

(1888–1985) *

Ralph H. Fowler Sir Ralph Howard Fowler (17 January 1889 – 28 July 1944) was an English physicist, physical chemist, and astronomer. Education Ralph H. Fowler was born at Roydon, Essex, Roydon, Essex, on 17 January 1889 to Howard Fowler, from Burnham-on-Sea, ...

(1889–1944) *

Léon Brillouin Léon Nicolas Brillouin (; August 7, 1889 – October 4, 1969) was a French physicist. He made contributions to quantum mechanics, radio wave propagation in the atmosphere, solid-state physics, and information theory. Early life Brilloui ...

(1889–1969) * Wojciech Rubinowicz (1889–1974) *

Harry Nyquist Harry Nyquist (, ; February 7, 1889 – April 4, 1976) was a Swedish-American physicist and electronic engineer who made important contributions to communication theory. Personal life Nyquist was born in the village Nilsby of the parish Stora ...

(1889–1976) * Edwin C. Kemble (1889–1984) *

Yoshio Nishina was a Japanese physicist who was called "the founding father of modern physics research in Japan". He led the efforts of Japan to develop an atomic bomb during World War II. Early life and career Nishina was born in Satoshō, Okayama. He rece ...

(1890–1951) * Yurii Aleksandrovich Krutkov (1890–1952) * Josef Lense (1890–1985) * Arthur March (1891–1957) * George Barker Jeffery (1891–1957) *

Michael Polanyi Michael Polanyi ( ; ; 11 March 1891 – 22 February 1976) was a Hungarian-British polymath, who made important theoretical contributions to physical chemistry, economics, and philosophy. He argued that positivism is a false account of knowle ...

(1891–1976) *

Nikoloz Muskhelishvili Nikoloz (Niko) Muskhelishvili ( ka, ნიკოლოზ (ნიკო) მუსხელიშვილი ; – 15 July 1976) was a Soviet Georgian mathematician, physicist and engineer who was one of the founders and first President (1941– ...

(1891–1976) * Philippe Le Corbeiller (1891–1980) *

Harold Jeffreys Sir Harold Jeffreys, FRS (22 April 1891 – 18 March 1989) was a British geophysicist who made significant contributions to mathematics and statistics. His book, ''Theory of Probability'', which was first published in 1939, played an importan ...

(1891–1989) * Arthur Holly Compton (1892–1962) * Karl Herzfeld (1892–1978) *

Louis de Broglie Louis Victor Pierre Raymond, 7th Duc de Broglie (15 August 1892 – 19 March 1987) was a French theoretical physicist and aristocrat known for his contributions to quantum theory. In his 1924 PhD thesis, he postulated the wave nature of elec ...

(1892–1987) * Walter Gordon (1893–1939) *

Meghnad Saha Meghnad Saha (6 October 1893 – 16 February 1956) was an Indian astrophysicist and politician who helped devise the theory of Thermal ionization, thermal ionisation. His Saha ionization equation, Saha ionisation equation allowed astronomers to ...

(1893–1956) *

Erwin Fues Erwin Richard Fues (17 January 1893 in Stuttgart, Germany – 17 January 1970, Germany), was a German theoretical physicist who made contributions to atomic physics and molecular physics, quantum wave mechanics, and solid-state physics. Education ...

(1893–1970) *

Cornelius Lanczos __NOTOC__ Cornelius (Cornel) Lanczos (, ; born as Kornél Lőwy, until 1906: ''Löwy (Lőwy) Kornél''; February 2, 1893 – June 25, 1974) was a Hungarian-Jewish, Hungarian-American and later Hungarian-Irish mathematician and physicist. Accordi ...

(1893–1974) * Francis Murnaghan (1893–1976) * Adolf Kratzer (1893–1983) *

Yakov Frenkel __NOTOC__ Yakov Il'ich Frenkel (; 10 February 1894 – 23 January 1952) was a Soviet physicist renowned for his works in the field of condensed-matter physics. He is also known as Jacob Frenkel, frequently using the name J. Frenkel in publicati ...

(1894–1952) *

Hans Kramers Hendrik Anthony "Hans" Kramers (17 December 1894 – 24 April 1952) was a Dutch physicist who worked with Niels Bohr to understand how electromagnetic waves interact with matter and made important contributions to quantum mechanics and statistica ...

(1894–1952) *

Pyotr Lukirsky Pyotr Ivanovich Lukirsky (; 13 December 1894 – 16 November 1954) was a Soviet physicist who specialized in experimental physics in radiation and optics. He was a student of Abram Ioffe and became a fellow of the Physico-Technical Institute. He c ...

(1894–1954) *

John Lennard-Jones Sir John Edward Lennard-Jones (27 October 1894 – 1 November 1954) was a British mathematician and professor of theoretical physics at the University of Bristol, and then of theoretical science at the University of Cambridge. He was an im ...

(1894–1954) *

Aleksandr Khinchin Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin (, ), July 19, 1894 – November 18, 1959, was a Soviet mathematician and one of the most significant contributors to the Soviet school of probability theory. Due to romanization conventions, his name is sometim ...

(1894–1959) *

Norbert Wiener Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and philosopher. He became a professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT). A child prodigy, Wiener late ...

(1894–1964) *

Georges Lemaître Georges Henri Joseph Édouard Lemaître ( ; ; 17 July 1894 – 20 June 1966) was a Belgian Catholic priest, theoretical physicist, and mathematician who made major contributions to cosmology and astrophysics. He was the first to argue that the ...

(1894–1966) *

Satyendra Nath Bose Satyendra Nath Bose (; 1 January 1894 – 4 February 1974) was an Indian theoretical physicist and mathematician. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, in developing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statist ...

(1894–1974) *

Oskar Klein Oskar Benjamin Klein (; 15 September 1894 – 5 February 1977) was a Swedish theoretical physics, theoretical physicist. Oskar Klein is known for his work on Kaluza–Klein theory, which is partially named after him. Biography Klein was born ...

(1894–1977) * Étienne Biéler (1895–1929) * Hugo Tetrode (1895–1931) * Pyotr Savvich Tartakovsky (1895–1940) * (1895–1951) * Karel Niessen (1895–1967) *

Igor Tamm Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm (; 8 July 1895 – 12 April 1971) was a Soviet Union, Soviet physicist who received the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov and Ilya Mikhailovich Frank, for their 1934 discovery and demon ...

(1895–1971) * Hans Falkenhagen (1895–1971) * Vasily Vladimirovich Shuleikin (1895–1979) * Jan Burgers (1895–1981) * Aldo Pontremoli (1896–1928) *

William Reginald Dean William Reginald Dean (1896–1973) was a British applied mathematician and fluid dynamicist. His research interests included Stokes flow, solid mechanics, and flow in curved channels. The Dean number bears his name. Dean carried out pioneering ...

(1896–1973) * Boris Podolsky (1896–1966) *

Erich Hückel Erich Armand Arthur Joseph Hückel (August 9, 1896, Berlin – February 16, 1980, Marburg) was a German physicist and physical chemist. He is mainly known for the Debye–Hückel theory of electrolytic solutions and the Hückel method of approx ...

(1896–1980) * Robert S. Mulliken (1896–1986) *

Nikolay Semyonov Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov , sometimes Semenov, Semionov or Semenoff (; – 25 September 1986) was a Soviet physicist and chemist. Semyonov was awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the mechanism of chemical transformat ...

(1896–1986) *

Friedrich Hund Friedrich Hermann Hund (4 February 1896 – 31 March 1997) was a German physicist from Karlsruhe known for his work on atoms and molecules. He is known for the Hund's rules to predict the electron configuration of chemical elements. His work on H ...

(1896–1997) * Myron Mathisson (1897–1940) *

Douglas Hartree Douglas Rayner Hartree (27 March 1897 – 12 February 1958) was an English mathematician and physicist most famous for the development of numerical analysis and its application to the Hartree–Fock equations of atomic physics and the c ...

(1897–1958) *

Lewi Tonks Lewi Tonks (1897–July 30, 1971) was an American physicist who worked for General Electric on microwaves, plasma physics and nuclear reactors. Under Irving Langmuir, his work pioneered the study of plasma oscillations. He is also noted for the n ...

(1897–1971) *

Ivan Stranski Ivan Nikolov Stranski (; ; – 19 June 1979) was a Bulgarian and later a German physical chemist who is considered the father of crystal growth research. He was the founder of the Bulgarian school of physical chemistry, heading the depart ...

(1897–1979) *

John Lighton Synge John Lighton Synge (; 23 March 1897 – 30 March 1995) was an Irish mathematician and physicist, whose seven-decade career included significant periods in Ireland, Canada, and the USA. He was a prolific author and influential mentor, and is cr ...

(1897–1995) *

Ali Moustafa Mosharafa Ali Moustafa Attia Mosharrafa (; 11 July 1898 – 16 January 1950) was an Egyptian theoretical physicist. He was a Professor of Applied Mathematics at Cairo University and also served as the University's first dean. He contributed to the de ...

(1898–1950) * Ronald Wilfred Gurney (1898–1953) *

Leó Szilárd Leo Szilard (; ; born Leó Spitz; February 11, 1898 – May 30, 1964) was a Hungarian-born physicist, biologist and inventor who made numerous important discoveries in nuclear physics and the biological sciences. He conceived the nuclear ...

(1898–1964) * Egil Hylleraas (1898–1965) *

Leopold Infeld Leopold Infeld (20 August 1898 – 15 January 1968) was a Polish physicist who worked mainly in Second Polish Republic, Poland and Canada (1938–1950). He was a Rockefeller family, Rockefeller fellow at University of Cambridge, Cambridge Univers ...

(1898–1968) * (1898–1974) *

Vladimir Fock Vladimir Aleksandrovich Fock (or Fok; ) (December 22, 1898 – December 27, 1974) was a Soviet physicist, who did foundational work on quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics. Biography He was born in St. Petersburg, Russia. In ...

(1898–1974) *

Gregor Wentzel Gregor Wentzel (17 February 1898 – 12 August 1978) was a German physicist known for development of quantum mechanics. Wentzel, Hendrik Kramers, and Léon Brillouin developed the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation in 1926. In his early y ...

(1898–1978) * Frank C. Hoyt (1898–1980) *

Isidor Isaac Rabi Israel Isidor Isaac Rabi (; ; July 29, 1898 – January 11, 1988) was an American nuclear physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1944 for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance, which is used in magnetic resonance imaging. H ...

(1898–1988) *

Ivar Waller Ivar Waller (11 June 1898 – 12 April 1991) was a Swedish professor of theoretical physics at Uppsala University. He developed the theory of X-ray scattering by lattice vibrations of a crystal, building upon the prior work of Peter Debye. The Deb ...

(1898–1991) * (1899–1967) * Edmund Clifton Stoner (1899–1968) *

John Hasbrouck Van Vleck John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (; March 13, 1899 – October 27, 1980) was an American physicist and mathematician. He was co-awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1977, for his contributions to the understanding of the behavior of electronic magnetis ...

(1899–1980) *

Gregory Breit Gregory Breit (, ; July 14, 1899 – September 13, 1981) was an American physicist born in Mykolaiv, Russian Empire (now Mykolaiv, Ukraine). He was a professor at New York University (1929–1934), University of Wisconsin–Madison (1934–194 ...

(1899–1981) * (1899–1982) *

Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim LotharHis name is sometimes misspelled as ''Lother''. Wolfgang Nordheim (November 7, 1899, Munich – October 5, 1985, La Jolla, California) was a German-born American theoretical physicist. He was a pioneer in the applications of quantum mech ...

(1899–1985) *

Gleb Wataghin Gleb Wataghin (November 3, 1899 in Birzula, Russian Empire, now Podilsk, Odesa Region, Ukraine – October 10, 1986 in Turin, Italy) was an Italian theoretical and experimental physicist and a great scientific leader who gave a great impulse to ...

(1899–1986) * Pelageya Polubarinova-Kochina (1899–1999) *

Wilhelm Cauer Wilhelm Cauer (24 June 1900 – 22 April 1945) was a German mathematician and scientist. He is most noted for his work on the analysis and synthesis of electrical filters and his work marked the beginning of the field of network synthesis. Prio ...

(1900–1945) *

Fritz London Fritz Wolfgang London (March 7, 1900 – March 30, 1954) was a German born physicist and professor at Duke University. His fundamental contributions to the theories of chemical bonding and of intermolecular forces (London dispersion forces) are to ...

(1900–1954) *

Wolfgang Pauli Wolfgang Ernst Pauli ( ; ; 25 April 1900 – 15 December 1958) was an Austrian theoretical physicist and a pioneer of quantum mechanics. In 1945, after having been nominated by Albert Einstein, Pauli received the Nobel Prize in Physics "for the ...

(1900–1958) *

Walter Tollmien Walter Tollmien (13 October 1900, in Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of c ...

(1900–1968) *

William V. Houston William Vermillion Houston ( ; January 19, 1900 – August 22, 1968) was an American physicist who made contributions to spectroscopy, quantum mechanics, and solid-state physics as well as being a teacher and administrator. He became the second ...

(1900–1968) * John C. Slater (1900–1976) *

Beryl May Dent Beryl May Dent (10 May 19009 August 1977) was an English Mathematical physics, mathematical physicist, technical librarian, and a programmer of early analogue and digital computers to solve electrical engineering problems. She was born in Chi ...

(1900–1977) *

Mikhail Lavrentyev Mikhail Alekseyevich Lavrentyev (or Lavrentiev, ; November 19, 1900 – October 15, 1980) was a Soviet mathematician and hydrodynamicist. Early years Lavrentyev was born in Kazan, where his father was an instructor at a college (he later became ...

(1900–1980) * Vladimir Rojansky (1900–1981) *

Robert Bruce Lindsay Robert Bruce Lindsay (1 January 1900 – 2 March 1985) was an American physicist and physics professor, known for his prolific authorship of physics books in acoustics, and historical and philosophical analyses of physics. Biography R(obert ...

(1900–1985) *

George Eugene Uhlenbeck George Eugene Uhlenbeck (December 6, 1900 – October 31, 1988) was a Dutch-American theoretical physicist, known for his significant contributions to quantum mechanics and statistical mechanics. He co-developed the concept of electron spin, a ...

(1900–1988) * (1900–1991) *

Ernst Ising Ernst Ising (; May 10, 1900 – May 11, 1998) was a German physicist, who is best remembered for the development of the Ising model. He was a professor of physics at Bradley University until his retirement in 1976. Life Ernst Ising was bor ...

(1900–1998)

20th century

* Nikolai Kochin (1901–1944) *

Aleksandr Andronov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Andronov (; , Moscow – October 31, 1952, Gorky) was a Soviet physicist and member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1946). He worked extensively on the theory of stability of dynamical systems, introducing (together ...

(1901–1952) *

Enrico Fermi Enrico Fermi (; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian and naturalized American physicist, renowned for being the creator of the world's first artificial nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1, and a member of the Manhattan Project ...

* (1901–1954) *

Werner Heisenberg Werner Karl Heisenberg (; ; 5 December 1901 – 1 February 1976) was a German theoretical physicist, one of the main pioneers of the theory of quantum mechanics and a principal scientist in the German nuclear program during World War II. He pub ...

(1901–1976) * Werner Braunbeck (1901–1977) *

Carl Wagner Carl Wilhelm Wagner (25 May 1901 – 10 December 1977) was a German physical chemist. He is best known for his pioneering work on solid-state chemistry, where his work on oxidation rate theory, counter diffusion of ions and defect chemistry ...

(1901–1977) * Anatoliy Lure (1901–1980) *

Karl Bechert Karl Richard Bechert (August 23, 1901 in Nuremberg, Middle Franconia – April 1, 1981 in Weilmünster-Möttau, Hesse) was a German theoretical physicist and political leader. As a scientist, he made contributions in atomic physics. Scientifi ...

(1901–1981) * Henry Eyring (1901–1981) *

Kurt Otto Friedrichs Kurt Otto Friedrichs (September 28, 1901 – December 31, 1982) was a German-American mathematician. He was the co-founder of the Courant Institute at New York University, and a recipient of the National Medal of Science. Biography Friedrichs w ...

(1901–1982) *

Grete Hermann Grete Hermann (2 March 1901 – 15 April 1984) was a German mathematician and philosopher noted for her work in mathematics, physics, philosophy and education. She is noted for her early philosophical work on the foundations of quantum mechanics ...

(1901–1984) *

Yuri Rumer Yuri Borisovich Rumer (, 28 April 1901 – 1 February 1985) was a Soviet Union, Soviet theoretical physicist, who mostly worked in the fields of quantum mechanics and quantum optics. Known in Western world, the West as Georg Rumer, he was a close ...

(1901–1985) *

Edwin Albrecht Uehling Edwin Albrecht Uehling (January 27, 1901 – May 18, 1985) was an American theoretical physicist known for the formulation of the Uehling potential to describe vacuum polarization in quantum electrodynamics. He also worked in condensed matter ph ...

(1901–1985) * Francis Perrin (1901–1992) *

Linus Pauling Linus Carl Pauling ( ; February 28, 1901August 19, 1994) was an American chemist and peace activist. He published more than 1,200 papers and books, of which about 850 dealt with scientific topics. ''New Scientist'' called him one of the 20 gre ...

(1901–1994) * William Allis (1901–1999) * (1902–1938) * Michael Sadowsky (1902–1967) * Otto Laporte (1902–1971) *

Carl Eckart Carl Henry Eckart (May 4, 1902 – October 23, 1973) was an American physicist, physical oceanographer, geophysicist, and administrator. He co-developed the Wigner–Eckart theorem and is also known for the Eckart conditions in quantum mechani ...

(1902–1973) *

Edward Condon Edward Uhler Condon (March 2, 1902 – March 26, 1974) was an American nuclear physicist, a pioneer in quantum mechanics, and a participant during World War II in the development of radar and, very briefly, of nuclear weapons as part of the Ma ...

(1902–1974) * Samuel Abraham Goudsmit (1902–1978) *

Pascual Jordan Ernst Pascual Jordan (; 18 October 1902 – 31 July 1980) was a German theoretical and mathematical physicist who made significant contributions to quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. He contributed much to the mathematical form of matri ...

(1902–1980) *

Paul Dirac Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac ( ; 8 August 1902 – 20 October 1984) was an English mathematician and Theoretical physics, theoretical physicist who is considered to be one of the founders of quantum mechanics. Dirac laid the foundations for bot ...

(1902–1984) *

Alfred Kastler Alfred Kastler (; 3 May 1902 – 7 January 1984) was a German-born French physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics. He is known for the development of optical pumping. Biography Kastler was born in Guebwiller (Alsace, at the time part of the Germ ...

(1902–1984) *

Eugene Wigner Eugene Paul Wigner (, ; November 17, 1902 – January 1, 1995) was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist who also contributed to mathematical physics. He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 "for his contributions to the theory of th ...

(1902–1995) * Katharine Way (1902–1995) * Hans Hellmann (1903–1938) *

John von Neumann John von Neumann ( ; ; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian and American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist and engineer. Von Neumann had perhaps the widest coverage of any mathematician of his time, in ...

(1903–1957) *

Howard P. Robertson Howard Percy "Bob" Robertson (January 27, 1903 – August 26, 1961) was an American mathematician and physicist known for contributions related to physical cosmology and the uncertainty principle. He was Professor of Mathematical Physics at the C ...

(1903–1961) *

Lars Onsager Lars Onsager (November 27, 1903 – October 5, 1976) was a Norwegian American physical chemist and theoretical physicist. He held the Gibbs Professorship of Theoretical Chemistry at Yale University. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemist ...

(1903–1976) * (1903–1979) *

Helmut Hönl Helmut Hönl (10 February 1903– 29 March 1981) was a German theoretical physicist who made contributions to quantum mechanics and the understanding of atomic and molecular structure. Biography Helmut Hönl was born in 1903 in Mannheim, Germ ...

(1903–1981) * Mikhail Leontovich (1903–1981) *

Philip M. Morse Philip McCord Morse (August 6, 1903 – 5 September 1985), was an American physicist, administrator and pioneer of operations research (OR) in World War II. He is considered to be the father of operations research in the U.S. Biography Morse gr ...

(1903–1985) *

Andrey Kolmogorov Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov ( rus, Андре́й Никола́евич Колмого́ров, p=ɐnˈdrʲej nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ kəlmɐˈɡorəf, a=Ru-Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov.ogg, 25 April 1903 – 20 October 1987) was a Soviet ...

(1903–1987) *

Guido Beck Guido Beck (29 August 1903 – 21 October 1988) was an Argentine physicist of German Bohemian origin, who was born in Liberec and died in Rio de Janeiro. He discovered all cylindrically symmetric nonrotating vacuum solutions in general relativit ...

(1903–1988) *

Sydney Goldstein Sydney Goldstein FRS (3 December 1903 – 22 January 1989) was a British mathematician noted for his contribution to fluid dynamics. He is described as: "... one of those who most influenced progress in fluid dynamics during the 20th century." ...

(1903–1989) *

Llewellyn Thomas Llewellyn Hilleth Thomas (21 October 1903 – 20 April 1992) was a British physicist and applied mathematician. He is best known for his contributions to atomic and molecular physics and solid-state physics. His key achievements include calculat ...

(1903–1992) *

Bartel Leendert van der Waerden Bartel Leendert van der Waerden (; 2 February 1903 – 12 January 1996) was a Dutch mathematician and historian of mathematics. Biography Education and early career Van der Waerden learned advanced mathematics at the University of Amste ...

(1903–1996) *

Bertha Swirles Bertha Swirles, Lady Jeffreys (22 May 1903 – 18 December 1999) was an English physicist, academic and scientific author who carried out research on quantum theory in its early days. She was associated with Girton College, University of Cam ...

(1903–1999) *

Meredith Gwynne Evans Meredith Gwynne Evans, FRS (2 December 1904 – 25 December 1952) was a British physical chemist who made important contributions to the theory of chemical reaction rates and reaction mechanisms. Together with Henry Eyring and Michael Polanyi, ...

(1904–1952) *

Robert Oppenheimer J. Robert Oppenheimer (born Julius Robert Oppenheimer ; April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist who served as the director of the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II. He is often ...

* (1904–1967) *

George Gamow George Gamow (sometimes Gammoff; born Georgiy Antonovich Gamov; ; 4 March 1904 – 19 August 1968) was a Soviet and American polymath, theoretical physicist and cosmologist. He was an early advocate and developer of Georges Lemaître's Big Ba ...

‡° (1904–1968) * (1904–1970) *

Léon Rosenfeld Léon Rosenfeld (; 14 August 1904 in Charleroi – 23 March 1974) was a Belgian physicist and a communist activist. Rosenfeld was born into a secular Jewish family. He was a polyglot who knew eight or nine languages and was fluent in at lea ...

(1904–1974) *

Otto Robert Frisch Otto Robert Frisch (1 October 1904 – 22 September 1979) was an Austrian-born British physicist who worked on nuclear physics. With Otto Stern and Immanuel Estermann, he first measured the magnetic moment of the proton. With his aunt, Lise M ...

(1904–1979) *

Christian Møller Christian Møller (22 December 1904, 14 January 1980) was a Danish people, Danish chemist and physicist who made fundamental contributions to the theory of relativity, theory of gravitation and quantum chemistry. He is known for Møller–Plesse ...

(1904–1980) *

Walter Heitler Walter Heinrich Heitler (; 2 January 1904 – 15 November 1981) was a German physicist who made contributions to quantum electrodynamics and quantum field theory. He brought chemistry under quantum mechanics through his theory of valence bondi ...

(1904–1981) * Joseph Edward Mayer (1904–1983) * Torsten Gustafson (1904–1987) * (1904–1990) * Walter M. Elsasser (1904–1991) *

Dmitri Ivanenko Dmitri Dmitrievich Ivanenko (, ; July 29, 1904 – December 30, 1994) was a Soviet theoretical physicist of Ukrainian origin who made great contributions to the physical science of the twentieth century, especially to nuclear physics, field theo ...

(1904–1994) *

Ralph Kronig Ralph Kronig (10 March 1904 – 16 November 1995) was a German physicist. He is noted for the discovery of particle spin and for his theory of X-ray absorption spectroscopy. His theories include the Kronig–Penney model, the Coster–Kronig tr ...

(1904–1995) *

Yulii Khariton Yulii Borisovich Khariton (; 27 February 1904 – 18 December 1996) was a Russian people, Russian physicist who was a leading scientist in the former Soviet atomic bomb project, Soviet program of nuclear weapons. Since the initiation of the So ...

(1904–1996) *

Louis Néel Louis Eugène Félix Néel (; 22 November 1904 – 17 November 2000) was a French physicist born in Lyon who received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1970 for his studies of the magnetic properties of solids. Biography Néel studied at the Lyc ...

(1904–2000) * George Placzek (1905–1955) *

Felix Bloch Felix Bloch (; ; 23 October 1905 – 10 September 1983) was a Swiss-American physicist who shared the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics with Edward Mills Purcell "for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and di ...

(1905–1983) *

Ernst Stueckelberg Ernst Carl Gerlach Stueckelberg (baptised as Johann Melchior Ernst Karl Gerlach Stückelberg, full name after 1911: Baron Ernst Carl Gerlach Stueckelberg von Breidenbach zu Breidenstein und Melsbach; 1 February 1905 – 4 September 1984) was a S ...

(1905–1984) *

Herbert Fröhlich Herbert Fröhlich (9 December 1905 – 23 January 1991) FRS was a German-born British physicist. Personal life Fröhlich was born on 9 December 1905 in Rexingen, Baden-Württemberg. He was the son of Fanny Frida (née Schwarz) and Jakob Juli ...

(1905–1991) *

Clarence Zener Clarence Melvin Zener ( ; December 1, 1905 – July 2, 1993) was an American physicist who in 1934 was the first to describe the property concerning the breakdown of electrical insulators. These findings were later exploited by Bell Labs in the ...

(1905–1993) *

Nevill Francis Mott Sir Nevill Francis Mott (30 September 1905 – 8 August 1996) was a British physicist who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1977 for his work on the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems, especially amorphous semiconductor ...

(1905–1996) * (1905–1996) *

Matvei Bronstein Matvei Petrovich Bronstein (, – February 18, 1938) was a Soviet theoretical physicist, a pioneer of quantum gravity, author of works in astrophysics, semiconductors, quantum electrodynamics and cosmology, as well as of a number of books in pop ...

(1906–1938) *

Ettore Majorana Ettore Majorana ( ,, uploaded 19 April 2013, retrieved 14 December 2019 ; 5 August 1906 – disappeared 25 March 1938) was an Italian theoretical physicist who worked on neutrino masses. Majorana was a supporter of Italian Fascism and a member of ...

(1906–1938) *

Maria Goeppert-Mayer Maria Goeppert Mayer (; ; June 28, 1906 – February 20, 1972) was a German-American theoretical physicist who shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physics with J. Hans D. Jensen and Eugene Wigner. One half of the prize was awarded jointly to Goeppe ...

ª (1906–1972) *

Eugene Feenberg Eugene Feenberg (October 6, 1906 in Fort Smith, Arkansas – November 7, 1977) was an American physicist who made contributions to quantum mechanics and nuclear physics. Education In 1929, Feenberg graduated from the University of Texas at Austin ...

(1906–1977) * (1906–1977) * Sin-Itiro Tomonaga (1906–1979) *

William Houlder Zachariasen William Houlder Zachariasen (5 February 1906 – 24 December 1979), more often known as W. H. Zachariasen, was a Norwegian-American physicist, specializing in X-ray crystallography and famous for his work on the structure of glass. Background ...

(1906–1979) * Fritz Sauter (1906–1983) * Louis Rosenhead (1906–1984) *

Banesh Hoffmann Banesh Hoffmann (6 September 1906 – 5 August 1986) was a British mathematician and physicist known for his association with Albert Einstein. Life Banesh Hoffmann was born in Richmond, Surrey, on 6 September 1906. He studied mathematics and t ...

(1906–1986) * (1906–1987) * Alan Herries Wilson (1906–1995) *

John Gamble Kirkwood John "Jack" Gamble Kirkwood (May 30, 1907, Gotebo, Oklahoma – August 9, 1959, New Haven, Connecticut) was a noted chemist and physicist, holding faculty positions at Cornell University, the University of Chicago, California Institute of Techno ...

(1907–1959) *

J. Hans D. Jensen Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen (; 25 June 1907 – 11 February 1973) was a German nuclear physicist. During World War II, he worked on the German nuclear energy project, known as the Uranium Club, where he contributed to the separation of uranium ...

(1907–1973) * Dmitry Blokhintsev (1907–1979) * Hermann Arthur Jahn (1907–1979) *

Hideki Yukawa Hideki Yukawa (; ; 23 January 1907 – 8 September 1981) was a Japanese theoretical physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1949 "for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces". B ...

(1907–1981) * Herbert Jehle (1907–1983) * Wendell H. Furry (1907–1984) *

Rudolf Peierls Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls, (; ; 5 June 1907 – 19 September 1995) was a German-born British physicist who played a major role in Tube Alloys, Britain's nuclear weapon programme, as well as the subsequent Manhattan Project, the combined Allied ...

(1907–1995) * Achilles Papapetrou (1907–1997) *

George Rankine Irwin George Rankin Irwin , or possibly George Rankine Irwin, (February 26, 1907 – October 9, 1998) was an American scientist in the field of fracture mechanics and strength of materials. He is known for defining the stress intensity factor, K, ...

(1907–1998) * William Rarita (1907–1999) * Leonid I. Sedov (1907–1999) *

Wu Ta-You Wu Ta-You () (27 September 1907 – 4 March 2000) was a Chinese physicist and writer who worked in the United States, Canada, mainland China and Taiwan. He has been called the Father of Chinese Physics. Early life and education Wu was born i ...

(1907–2000) * (1908–1938) * Jacques Solomon (1908–1942) *

Arie Bijl Arie Bijl (Maassluis, 23 December 1908 – Hamburg- Neuengamme, 2 January 1945) was a Dutch theoretical physicist and resistance man. Arie Bijl was the youngest child of Simon Bijl (1869–1951), owner of a milk factory, and Willemijntje van der ...

(1908–1945) *

Felix Gantmacher Felix Ruvimovich Gantmacher () (23 February 1908 – 16 May 1964) was a Soviet mathematician, professor at Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, well known for his contributions in mechanics, linear algebra and Lie group theory. In 1925–1 ...

(1908–1964) *

Lev Landau Lev Davidovich Landau (; 22 January 1908 – 1 April 1968) was a Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. He was considered as one of the last scientists who were universally well-versed and ma ...

(1908–1968) *

Alexander Stepanov Alexander Alexandrovich Stepanov (; born November 16, 1950, Moscow) is a Russian-American computer programmer, best known as an advocate of generic programming and as the primary designer and implementer of the C++ Standard Template Library, whi ...

(1908–1972) *

Anatoly Vlasov Anatoly Aleksandrovich Vlasov (; – 22 December 1975) was a Russian, later Soviet, theoretical physicist prominent in the fields of statistical mechanics, kinetics, and especially in plasma physics. Biography Anatoly Vlasov was born in Balas ...

(1908–1975) * Lyubomir Krastanov (1908–1977) *

Harrie Massey Sir Harrie Stewart Wilson Massey (16 May 1908 – 27 November 1983) was an Australian mathematical physicist who worked primarily in the fields of atomic and atmospheric physics. A graduate of the University of Melbourne and the University ...

(1908–1983) * Moses Blackman (1908–1983) *

Șerban Țițeica Șerban Țițeica ( – May 28, 1985) was a Romanian quantum physicist. He is regarded as the founder of the Romanian school of theoretical physics. The third and last child of mathematician Gheorghe Țițeica, he was born in Bucharest, where h ...

(1908–1985) *

Valentine Bargmann Valentine "Valya" Bargmann (April 6, 1908 – July 20, 1989) was a German-American mathematician and theoretical physicist. Biography Born in Berlin, Germany, to a German Jewish The history of the Jews in Germany goes back at least to the y ...

(1908–1989) *

Ilya Frank Ilya Mikhailovich Frank (; 23 October 1908 – 22 June 1990) was a Soviet physicist who received the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics, jointly with Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov and Igor Y. Tamm, also of the Soviet Union. He received the award for h ...

(1908–1990) *

Solomon Mikhlin Solomon Grigor'evich Mikhlin (, real name Zalman Girshevich Mikhlin) (the family name is also transliterated as Mihlin or Michlin) (23 April 1908 – 29 August 1990) was a Soviet mathematician of who worked in the fields of linear elasticity, si ...

(1908–1990) *

John Bardeen John Bardeen (; May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) was an American solid-state physicist. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Houser Brattain for their inventio ...

(1908–1991) * Milton S. Plesset (1908–1991) * (1908–1993) *

Moisey Markov Moisey Alexandrovich Markov (; 13 May 1908 Rasskazovo, Tambov Governorate, Russian Empire - 1 November 1994, Moscow, Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countri ...

(1908–1994) * Josef Meixner (1908–1994) *

Hannes Alfvén Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén (; 30 May 1908 – 2 April 1995) was a Swedish electrical engineer, plasma physicist and winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). He described the class of MHD waves now ...

(1908–1995) *

Viktor Ambartsumian Viktor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian (; , ''Viktor Hamazaspi Hambardzumyan''; 12 August 1996) was a Soviet and Armenian astrophysicist and science administrator. One of the 20th century's leading astronomers, he is widely regarded as the founder of ...

(1908–1996) * (1908–1996) * Sergei Mikhailovich Rytov (1908–1996) *

Sergey Khristianovich Sergey Alekseyevich Khristianovich (, 9 November 1908 – 28 April 2000) was a mechanics scientist from the Soviet Union. Academician of Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union and then Russian Academy of Sciences, since 1943 (corresponding membe ...

(1908–2000) * (1908–2000) * Hans Euler (1909–1941) *

Homi J. Bhabha Homi Jehangir Bhabha, FNI, FASc, FRS (30 October 1909 – 24 January 1966) was an Indian nuclear physicist who is widely credited as the "father of the Indian nuclear programme". He was the founding director and professor of physics at the ...

(1909–1966) *

Stanislaw Ulam Stanislav and variants may refer to: People *Stanislav (given name), a Slavic given name with many spelling variations (Stanislaus, Stanislas, Stanisław, etc.) Places * Stanislav, Kherson Oblast, a coastal village in Ukraine * Stanislaus County, ...

(1909–1984) * Friedrich Bopp (1909–1987) *

William Penney, Baron Penney William George Penney, Baron Penney, (24 June 19093 March 1991) was an English mathematician and professor of mathematical physics at the Imperial College London and later the rector of Imperial College London. He had a leading role in the d ...

(1909–1991) *

Nikolay Bogolyubov Nikolay Nikolayevich (Mykola Mykolayovych) Bogolyubov (; ; 21 August 1909 – 13 February 1992) was a Soviet, Ukrainian and Russian mathematician and theoretical physicist known for a significant contribution to quantum field theory, classi ...

(1909–1992) * Gian Carlo Wick (1909–1992) *

Nathan Rosen Nathan Rosen (; March 22, 1909 – December 18, 1995) was an American and Israeli physicist noted for his study on the structure of the hydrogen molecule and his collaboration with Albert Einstein and Boris Podolsky on entangled wave functions and ...

(1909–1995) *

Richard Duffin Richard James Duffin (1909 – October 29, 1996) was an American physicist, known for his contributions to electrical transmission theory and to the development of geometric programming and other areas within operations research. Education and ...

(1909–1996) * (1909–1997) *

Robert Serber Robert Serber (March 14, 1909 – June 1, 1997) was an American physicist who participated in the Manhattan Project. Serber's lectures explaining the basic principles and goals of the project were printed and supplied to all incoming scientific st ...

(1909–1997) *

Hendrik Casimir Hendrik Brugt Gerhard Casimir (15 July 1909 – 4 May 2000) was a Dutch physicist who made significant contributions to the field of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics. He is best known for his work on the Casimir effect, which descr ...

(1909–2000) * David A. Frank-Kamenetskii (1910–1970) *

Aleksei Zinovyevich Petrov Aleksei Zinovyevich Petrov (; 28 October (15 October, Old Style) 1910, Koshki, Samara Governorate, Russian Empire – 9 May 1972, Kiev, Soviet Union) was a mathematician noted for his work on the classification of Einstein spaces, today called ...

(1910–1972) *

Charles Coulson Charles Alfred Coulson (13 December 1910 – 7 January 1974) was a British applied mathematician and theoretical chemist. Coulson's major scientific work was as a pioneer of the application of the quantum theory of valency to problems of ...

(1910–1974) *

Theodor Förster Theodor Förster (15 May 1910 – 20 May 1974) was a German Physical chemistry, physical chemist known for theoretical work on light-matter interaction in molecular systems such as fluorescence and Förster resonance energy transfer, resonant ener ...

(1910–1974) *

Tjalling Koopmans Tjalling Charles Koopmans (August 28, 1910 – February 26, 1985) was a Dutch-American mathematician and economist. He was the joint winner with Leonid Kantorovich of the 1975 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his work on the theory ...

(1910–1985) *

Arseny Sokolov Arseny Alexandrovich Sokolov (; 19 March 1910 – 19 October 1986) was a Russian theoretical physicist known for the development of synchrotron radiation theory. Biography Arseny Sokolov graduated from Tomsk State University (TSU) in 1931. He obt ...

(1910–1986) *

Anatoly Dorodnitsyn Anatoly Alekseyevich Dorodnitsyn (Russian: Анатолий Алексеевич Дородницын) 19 November (per Julian Calendar), 2 December (per Gregorian Calendar), 1910 – 7 June 1994, Moscow) was a Russian mathematician who worked a ...

(1910–1994) *

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (; 19 October 1910 – 21 August 1995) was an Indian Americans, Indian-American theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to the scientific knowledge about the structure of stars, stellar evolution and ...

(1910–1995) * (1910–1998) *

José Enrique Moyal José Enrique Moyal (‎; 1 October 1910 – 22 May 1998) was an Australian mathematician and mathematical physicist who contributed to aeronautical engineering, electrical engineering and statistics, among other fields.Ann Moyal, ''Maverick M ...

(1910–1998) *

Sergei Vonsovsky Sergei Vasilyevich Vonsovsky (also spelled as Vonsovskii or Vonsovskiy, Russian: Сергей Васильевич Вонсовский; September 2, 1910 – August 11, 1998) was a Soviet physicist. He was named a Hero of Socialist Labour in 1969 ...

(1910–1998) *

Shoichi Sakata was a Japanese physicist and Marxist who was internationally known for theoretical work on the subatomic particles.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Sakata Shōichi''" in ; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ' ...

(1911–1970) *

Arnold Nordsieck Arnold Theodore Nordsieck (January 5, 1911 – January 18, 1971) was an American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work with Felix Bloch on the infrared problem in quantum electrodynamics. He developed the inertial electrostatic gy ...

(1911–1971) * ª (1911–1977) *

Mstislav Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh (; – 24 June 1978) was a Soviet mathematician who worked as an engineer in the Soviet space program. He was the academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1946), President of the Academy of Sc ...

(1911–1978) *

Carlo Cattaneo Carlo Cattaneo (; 15 June 1801 – 6 February 1869) was an Italian philosopher, writer, and activist, famous for his role in the Five Days of Milan in March 1848, when he led the city council during the rebellion. Early life and education Cat ...

(1911–1979) * Gregory Hugh Wannier (1911–1983) *

Klaus Fuchs Klaus Emil Julius Fuchs (29 December 1911 – 28 January 1988) was a German theoretical physicist and atomic spy who supplied information from the American, British, and Canadian Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union during and shortly a ...

(1911–1988) *

Arkady Migdal Arkady Beynusovich (Benediktovich) Migdal (; Lida, Russian Empire, 11 March 1911 – Princeton, United States, 9 February 1991) was a Soviet physicist and member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. He developed the formula that accou ...

(1911–1991) * Paul Weiss (1911–1991) * Walter Franz (1911–1992) *

Richard Buckingham Richard Arthur Buckingham FBCS FRSA (17 July 1911 – 13 August 1994) was an English particle physicist, mathematician and computer scientist long on the staff of the University of London. He was also a Fellow of the British Computer Society ...

(1911–1994) *

William Alfred Fowler William Alfred Fowler (August 9, 1911 March 14, 1995) was an American nuclear physicist, later astrophysicist, who, with Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics. He is known for his theoretical and experimental r ...

(1911–1995) * Raymond Lyttleton (1911–1995) * Menahem Max Schiffer (1911–1997) *

Nicholas Kemmer Nicholas Kemmer (7 December 1911 – 21 October 1998) was a Russian-born nuclear physics, nuclear physicist working in Britain, who played an integral and leading edge role in United Kingdom's British nuclear weapons, nuclear programme, and was ...

(1911–1998) * Abraham H. Taub (1911–1998) * Aleksander Akhiezer (1911–2000) * R. E. Siday (1912–1956) * Marie-Antoinette Tonnelat (1912–1980) *

Heinrich Welker Heinrich Johann Welker (9 September 1912 in Ingolstadt – 25 December 1981 in Erlangen) was a German theoretical and applied physicist who invented the " transistron", a transistor made at Westinghouse independently of the first successful transi ...

(1912–1981) * (1912–1990) * Konrad Bleuler (1912–1992) * Mikhail Volkenshtein (1912–1992) *

Alexander Davydov Alexander Davydov or Aleksandr Davydov may refer to: * (1937–2012), Soviet and Russian animator *Aleksandr Davydov (footballer) *Alexander Davydov (physicist), Soviet and Ukrainian physicist *Alexander Davydov (singer) (1872–1944), Russian and ...

(1912–1993) *

Siegfried Flügge Siegfried Flügge (16 March 1912, in Dresden – 15 December 1997, in Hinterzarten) was a German theoretical physicist who made contributions to nuclear physics and the theoretical basis for nuclear weapons. He worked on the German nuclear ene ...

(1912–1997) *

Martin Schwarzschild Martin Schwarzschild (May 31, 1912 – April 10, 1997) was a German-American astrophysicist. The Schwarzschild criterion, for the stability of stellar gas against convention, is named after him. Biography Schwarzschild was born in Potsdam ...

(1912–1997) * Aleksandr Aleksandrov (1912–1999) *

Sidney Dancoff Sidney Michael Dancoff (September 27, 1913 in Philadelphia – August 15, 1951 in Urbana, Illinois) was an American theoretical physicist best known for the Tamm–Dancoff approximation method and for nearly developing a renormalization method for ...

(1913–1951) *

Hartland Snyder Hartland Sweet Snyder (1913 – May 22, 1962) was an American physicist who, together with J. Robert Oppenheimer, showed how large stars would collapse to form black holes. This work modeled the gravitational collapse of a pressure-free homogene ...

(1913–1962) *

Isaak Pomeranchuk Isaak Yakovlevich Pomeranchuk (; 20 May 1913 – 14 December 1966) was a Soviet physicist of Polish origin in the former Soviet nuclear weapons program. His career in physics spent mostly studying the particle physics (including thermonuclear ...

(1913–1966) * (1913–1977) *

Ludwig Waldmann Ludwig Waldmann (June 8, 1913 in Fürth – February 9, 1980) was a German physicist who specialized in transport phenomena in gases. He derived the Waldmann-Snider equation.Hess, 2003 Career Waldmann completed his Ph.D. under Arnold Sommerfeld a ...

(1913–1980) * (1913–1987) * Frederik Belinfante (1913–1991) *

Bruno Pontecorvo Bruno Pontecorvo (; , ''Bruno Maksimovich Pontecorvo''; 22 August 1913 – 24 September 1993) was an Italian–Russian nuclear physicist, an early assistant of Enrico Fermi and the author of numerous studies in high energy physics, especially o ...

(1913–1993) *

Józef Lubański Józef Kazimierz Lubański (1914 – 8 December 1946) was a Polish theoretical physicist. He developed the Pauli–Lubanski pseudovector in relativistic quantum mechanics. Life and works Lubanski obtained the degree of magister philosophi ...

(1914–1946) *

Alexander Kompaneyets Alexander Solomonovich Kompaneyets (Russian: Александр Соломонович Компанеец) was born on January 4, 1914, in Ekaterinoslav, Russian Empire (now Dnipro, Ukraine) and died on August 19, 1974, in Palanga, Lithuania. He w ...

(1914–1974) *

Josef-Maria Jauch Josef Maria Jauch (September 20, 1914 in Lucerne – August 30, 1974 in Geneva) was a Swiss/American theoretical physicist, known for his work on quantum electrodynamics and on the foundations of quantum theory, and leader of the "Geneva School" ...

(1914–1974) * Henry Primakoff (1914–1983) *

Mark Kac Mark Kac ( ; Polish: ''Marek Kac''; August 3, 1914 – October 26, 1984) was a Polish-American mathematician. His main interest was probability theory. His question, " Can one hear the shape of a drum?" set off research into spectral theory, th ...

(1914–1984) *

Yakov Zeldovich Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich (, ; 8 March 1914 – 2 December 1987), also known as YaB, was a leading Soviet people, Soviet Physics, physicist of Belarusians, Belarusian origin, who is known for his prolific contributions in physical Physical c ...

(1914–1987) *

Bernard Lippmann Bernard Abram Lippmann. (August 18, 1914 – February 12, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist. A former professor of physics at New York University, Lippmann is mainly known for the Lippmann-Schwinger equation, a widely used tool in non- ...

(1914–1988) *

Mário Schenberg Mário Schenberg (born Mayer Schönberg ar. ''Mário Schönberg'', ''Mario Schonberg'', ''Mário Schoenberg'' 2 July 1914 – 10 November 1990) was a Brazilian electrical engineer, physicist, art critic and writer. Early life Schenberg was ...

(1914–1990) *

Lyman Spitzer Lyman Spitzer Jr. (June 26, 1914 – March 31, 1997) was an American theoretical physicist, astronomer and mountaineer. As a scientist, he carried out research into star formation and plasma physics and in 1946 conceived the idea of telesco ...

(1914–1997) * George Michael Volkoff (1914–2000) *

Robert R. Wilson Robert Rathbun Wilson (March 4, 1914 – January 16, 2000) was an American physicist known for his work on the Manhattan Project during World War II, as a sculptor, and as an architect of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), w ...

(1914–2000) * Leonard I. Schiff (1915–1971) * Ely Eugene Bell (1915–1973) * (1915–1977) * Theodore Holstein (1915–1985) *

Evgeny Lifshitz Evgeny Mikhailovich Lifshitz (; ; 21 February 1915 – 29 October 1985) was a leading Soviet physicist and brother of the physicist Ilya Lifshitz. Work Born into a Ukrainian Jewish family in Kharkov, Kharkov Governorate, Russian Empire (now K ...

(1915–1985) * Sudhansu Datta Majumdar (1915–1997) * Leonid Biberman (1915–1998) * Oleg Firsov (1915–1998) *

André Lichnerowicz André Lichnerowicz (; January 21, 1915, Bourbon-l'Archambault – December 11, 1998, Paris) was a French differential geometer and mathematical physicist. He is considered the founder of modern Poisson geometry. Biography His grandfather Jan f ...

(1915–1998) *

Nicholas Metropolis Nicholas Constantine Metropolis (Greek: ; June 11, 1915 – October 17, 1999) was a Greek-American physicist. Metropolis received his BSc (1937) and PhD in physics (1941, with Robert Mulliken) at the University of Chicago. Shortly afterwards, ...

(1915–1999) * John D. Eshelby (1916–1981) *

Elliott Waters Montroll Elliott Waters Montroll (May 4, 1916, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania – December 3, 1983, in Chevy Chase, Maryland) was an American scientist and mathematician. Education Elliott Montroll was born on May 4, 1916, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and ...

(1916–1983) *

Iosif Shklovsky Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky (sometimes transliterated ''Josif, Josif, Shklovskii, Shklovskij''; ; 1 July 1916 – 3 March 1985) was a Soviet astronomer and astrophysicist. He is remembered for his work in theoretical astrophysics and other topi ...

(1916–1985) * (1916–1989) * Winston H. Bostick (1916–1991) * Robert Marshak (1916–1992) * Kirill Tolpygo (1916–1994) *

Robert Dicke Robert Henry Dicke (; May 6, 1916 – March 4, 1997) was an American astronomer and physicist who made important contributions to the fields of astrophysics, atomic physics, cosmology and gravity. He was the Albert Einstein Professor in Scien ...

(1916–1997) *

Hu Ning Hu Ning (; 1916–1997) was a Chinese physicist and writer. Biography Hu was born in Suqian, Jiangsu, China on 11 February 1916. From 1928 to 1934, Hu studied at the Zhenjiang High School () in Zhenjiang, and Suzhou High School in Suzhou. In ...

(1916–1997) *

Robert G. Sachs Robert G. Sachs (May 4, 1916 – April 14, 1999) was an American theoretical physicist, a founder and a director of the Argonne National Laboratory. Sachs was also notable for his work in theoretical nuclear physics, terminal ballistics, and nu ...

(1916–1999) * (1916–1999) *

Per-Olov Löwdin Per-Olov Löwdin (October 28, 1916 – October 6, 2000) was a Swedish physicist, professor at the University of Uppsala from 1960 to 1983, and in parallel at the University of Florida until 1993. A former graduate student under Ivar Waller, Löw ...

(1916–2000) * John Alexander Simpson (1916–2000) * Theodore H. Berlin (1917–1962) * Imre Fényes (1917–1977) *

Ilya Lifshitz Ilya Mikhailovich Lifshitz (; ; January 13, 1917 – October 23, 1982) was a leading Soviet theoretical physicist, brother of Evgeny Lifshitz. He is known for his works in solid-state physics, electron theory of metals, disordered systems, and ...

(1917–1982) * Yevgeny Zababakhin (1917–1984) * Solomon Pekar (1917–1985) *

James Rainwater Leo James Rainwater (December 9, 1917 – May 31, 1986) was an American physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975 for his part in determining the asymmetrical shapes of certain atomic nuclei. During World War II, he worked on the ...

(1917–1986) * Veniamin Levich (1917–1987) * Eli Sternberg (1917–1988) * (1917–1990) *

David Bohm David Joseph Bohm (; 20 December 1917 – 27 October 1992) was an American scientist who has been described as one of the most significant Theoretical physics, theoretical physicists of the 20th centuryDavid Peat Who's Afraid of Schrödinger' ...

(1917–1992) * (1917–1992) * Dmitry Zubarev (1917–1992) *

Herman Feshbach Herman Feshbach (2 February 1917 – 22 December 2000) was an American physicist. He was an Institute Professor Emeritus of physics at MIT. Feshbach is best known for Feshbach resonance and for writing, with Philip M. Morse, ''Methods of The ...

(1917–2000) *

Richard Feynman Richard Phillips Feynman (; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of t ...

(1918–1988) *

Res Jost Res Jost (10 January 1918 – 3 October 1990) was a Swiss theoretical physicist, who worked mainly in constructive quantum field theory. Biography Res Jost was born on January 10, 1918, in Bern. He is the son of the physics teacher Wilhelm ...

(1918–1990) * Henry Hurwitz Jr. (1918–1992) * Harold Hopkins (1918–1994) *

Kirill Gurov Kirill Gurov (6 March 1918 – 29 September 1994) was a Soviet Russian theoretical physicist working in the field of physical kinetics. Gurov was born in Moscow, Russia, in the family of a military officer. In 1936, he was accepted without ...

(1918–1994) *

Julian Schwinger Julian Seymour Schwinger (; February 12, 1918 – July 16, 1994) was a Nobel Prize-winning American theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on quantum electrodynamics (QED), in particular for developing a relativistically invariant ...

(1918–1994) *

Max Dresden Max Dresden (April 23, 1918, Amsterdam – October 29, 1997, Palo Alto) was a Dutch-American theoretical physicist and historian of physics. He is known for his research in "statistical mechanics, superconductivity, quantum field theory, and eleme ...

(1918–1997) *

Irving Segal Irving Ezra Segal (1918–1998) was an American mathematician known for work on theoretical quantum mechanics. He shares credit for what is often referred to as the Segal–Shale–Weil representation. Early in his career Segal became known for h ...

(1918–1998) *

James Hamilton James Hamilton may refer to: Dukes *James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton (1606–1649), heir to the throne of Scotland *James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton (1658–1712), Scottish nobleman *James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton (1703–1743), Sco ...

(1918–2000) *

Abraham Pais Abraham Pais (; May 19, 1918 – July 28, 2000) was a Dutch- American physicist and science historian. Pais earned his Ph.D. from University of Utrecht just prior to a Nazi ban on Jewish participation in Dutch universities during World War II ...

(1918–2000) *

Paul Taunton Matthews Paul Taunton Matthews CBE FRS (19 November 1919 – 26 February 1987) was a British theoretical physicist. Biography Matthews was born in Erode in British India, and was educated at Mill Hill School and Clare College, Cambridge, where he w ...

(1919–1987) *

Herbert Callen Herbert Bernard Callen (July 1, 1919 – May 22, 1993) was an American physicist specializing in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. He is considered one of the founders of the modern theory of irreversible thermodynamics, and is the author ...

(1919–1993) * Pieter Maarten de Wolff (1919–1998) *

Clifford Truesdell Clifford Ambrose Truesdell III (February 18, 1919 – January 14, 2000) was an American mathematician, natural philosopher, and historian of science. Life Truesdell was born in Los Angeles, California. After high school, he spent two years in Eur ...

(1919–2000) *

Ian Sneddon Ian Naismith Sneddon (8 December 1919 Glasgow, Scotland – 4 November 2000 Glasgow, Scotland) was a Scottish mathematician who worked on analysis and applied mathematics. Life Sneddon was born in Glasgow on 8 December 1919, the son of Ma ...

(1919–2000) * Julius Ashkin (1920–1982) * (1920–1987) *

Ryogo Kubo was a Japanese mathematical physicist, best known for his works in statistical physics and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Work In the early 1950s, Kubo transformed research into the linear response properties of near-equilibrium cond ...

(1920–1995) * Gerhart Lüders (1920–1995) *

Herbert S. Green Herbert Sydney Green (17 December 1920 – 16 February 1999) was a British–Australian physicist. Green was a doctoral student of the Nobel Laureate Max Born at Edinburgh, with whom he was involved in the development of the modern kinetic theor ...

(1920–1999) *

George Batchelor George Keith Batchelor FRS (8 March 1920 – 30 March 2000) was an Australian applied mathematician and fluid dynamicist. He was for many years a professor of applied mathematics in the University of Cambridge, and was founding head of the ...

(1920–2000) * Lev Rapoport (1920–2000) * Sergei Tyablikov (1921–1968) *

Sigurd Zienau Sigurd Zienau (1921–1976) was a physicist notable for the theory of the polaron. Education His undergraduate studies were in mathematics at Birkbeck, University of London, Birkbeck College. His further studies in physics were very much in the ...

(1921–1976) *

Alfred Schild Alfred Schild (September 7, 1921 – May 24, 1977) was a leading Austrian American physicist, well known for his contributions to the Golden age of general relativity (1960–1975). Biography Schild was born in Istanbul on September 7, 1921. His ...

(1921–1977) *

Andrei Sakharov Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (; 21 May 192114 December 1989) was a Soviet Physics, physicist and a List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates, Nobel Peace Prize laureate, which he was awarded in 1975 for emphasizing human rights around the world. Alt ...

(1921–1989) * John M. Blatt (1921–1990) *

Feza Gürsey Feza Gürsey (; April 7, 1921 – April 13, 1992) was a Turkish mathematician and physicist. Among his contributions to theoretical physics, his work on the chiral model and on SU(6) symmetry of the quark model are the most well-known. Early l ...

(1921–1992) * Eduardo R. Caianiello (1921–1993) * (1921–1993) * Igor Ternov (1921–1996) * Melville S. Green (1922–1979) * Ernst G. Straus (1922–1983) * (1922–1988) * (1922–1991) * Yuri Golfand (1922–1994) *

Lawrence Biedenharn Lawrence Christian Biedenharn, Jr. (18 November 1922, Vicksburg, Mississippi – 12 February 1996, Austin, Texas) was an American theoretical nuclear physicist and mathematical physicist, a leading expert on applications of Lie group theory to phys ...

(1922–1996) *

Keith Burton William Keith Burton (known as Keith Burton) FRSE (12 October 1922 – 30 December 1996) was an English electrical engineer and theoretical physicist. Life He was born in Manchester and attended Manchester Grammar School prior to studying Electric ...

(1922–1996) * Jens Lindhard (1922–1997) *

Edwin Thompson Jaynes Edwin Thompson Jaynes (July 5, 1922 – April 30, 1998) was the Wayman Crow Distinguished Professor of Physics at Washington University in St. Louis. He wrote extensively on statistical mechanics and on foundations of probability and statistic ...

(1922–1998) *

Claude Bloch Claude Bloch (18 March 1923 – 29 December 1971) was a French theoretical nuclear physicist. He authored over 60 published articles and made significant impact on the fields of quantum field theory, nuclear physics, and the many-body problem. Bl ...

(1923–1971) * Ernest Helmut Sondheimer (1923–1973) * Kurt Symanzik (1923–1983) * Harold Grad (1923–1986) * Joaquin Mazdak Luttinger (1923–1997) * Gregory Pikus (1923–1998) *

Louis Michel Louis Michel (; born 2 September 1947) is a Belgian politician. He served in the government of Belgium as minister of foreign affairs from 1999 to 2004 and was European Commissioner for Development and Humanitarian Aid from 2004 to 2009. From ...

(1923–1999) * (1924–1981) *

Léon Van Hove Léon Charles Prudent Van Hove (10 February 1924 – 2 September 1990) was a Belgian physicist and a Director General of CERN. He developed a scientific career spanning mathematics, solid state physics, elementary particle and nuclear physics to ...

(1924–1990) * Gregory Garibian (1924–1991) *

Juan José Giambiagi Juan José Giambiagi (18 June 1924 – 8 January 1996) was an Argentine theoretical physicist. He was professor of the University of Buenos Aires but after a series of coup d'états in Argentina, he moved to Brazil. He is known for the discove ...

(1924–1996) *

Harry Lehmann Harry Lehmann (21 March 1924 in Güstrow22 November 1998 in Hamburg) was a German physicist. Known for his work on correlation functions in quantum field theory. Biography Lehmann studied physics at Rostock and the Humboldt-Universität zu Berl ...

(1924–1998) * Efim Fradkin (1924–1999) *

John Clive Ward John Clive Ward, (1 August 1924 – 6 May 2000) was an Anglo-Australian physicist who made significant contributions to quantum field theory, condensed-matter physics, and statistical mechanics. Andrei Sakharov called Ward one of the titans o ...

(1924–2000) * (1925–1996) *

Sam Treiman Sam Bard Treiman (; May 27, 1925 – November 30, 1999) was an American theoretical physicist who produced research in the fields of cosmic rays, quantum physics, plasma physics, and gravity physics. He made contributions to the understanding of ...

(1925–1999) * (1925–2000) * Gunnar Källén (1926–1968) *

Rem Khokhlov Rem Viktorovich Khokhlov (; July 15, 1926, in Livny – August 8, 1977, in Moscow) was a Soviet physicist and university teacher, rector of Lomonosov Moscow State University, one of the founders of nonlinear optics. Biography Khokhlov was born ...

(1926–1977) * Stuart Thomas Butler (1926–1982) * (1926–1986) *

Eugene P. Gross Eugene Paul Gross (27 June 1926 – 19 January 1991) was a theoretical physicist and Edward and Gertrude Swartz professor at Brandeis University, known for his contribution to the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) collision model used in the Boltzmann ...

(1926–1991) * Asım Orhan Barut (1926–1994) *

Abdus Salam Mohammad Abdus Salam Salam adopted the forename "Mohammad" in 1974 in response to the anti-Ahmadiyya decrees in Pakistan, similarly he grew his beard. (; ; 29 January 192621 November 1996) was a Pakistani theoretical physicist. He shared the 1 ...

(1926–1996) * (1926–1998) *

Dennis Sciama Dennis William Siahou Sciama, (; 18 November 1926 – 18 December 1999) was an English physicist who, through his own work and that of his students, played a major role in developing British physics after the Second World War. He was the PhD ...

(1926–1999) * (1926–1999) * Rudolph Max Sternheimer (1926–2000) *

Aneesur Rahman Aneesur Rahman (24 August 1927 – 6 June 1987) was an Indian-born American physicist who pioneered the application of computational methods to physical systems. His 1964 paper on liquid argon studied a system of 864 argon atoms on a CDC 3600 ...

(1927–1987) * Yuri Yappa (1927–1998) *

Rolf Landauer Rolf William Landauer (February 4, 1927 – April 27, 1999) was a German American, German-American physicist who made important contributions in diverse areas of the thermodynamics of information processing, condensed matter physics, and the cond ...

(1927–1999) * Robert Mills (1927–1999) *

John Stewart Bell John Stewart Bell (28 July 1928 – 1 October 1990) was a physicist from Northern Ireland and the originator of Bell's theorem, an important theorem in quantum mechanics, quantum physics regarding hidden-variable theory, hidden-variable theor ...

(1928–1990) * Richard E. Cutkosky (1928–1993) *

Gurgen Askaryan Gurgen Ashotovich Askaryan (; or Гурген Аскарян) (14 December 1928 – 2 March 1997) was a prominent Soviet - Armenian physicist, famous for his discovery of the self-focusing of light, pioneering studies of light-matter interaction ...

(1928–1997) * (1928–1999) * (1929–1988) * Roland Dobrushin (1929–1995) * David Klyshko (1929–2000) * (1929–2000) *

Hugh Everett Hugh Everett III (; November 11, 1930 – July 19, 1982) was an American physicist who proposed the relative state interpretation of quantum mechanics. This influential approach later became the basis of the many-worlds interpretation (MWI). Ev ...

(1930–1982) *

Vladimir Gribov Vladimir Naumovich Gribov (Russian Влади́мир Нау́мович Гри́бов; March 25, 1930August 13, 1997) was a prominent Russian theoretical physicist, who worked on high-energy physics, quantum field theory and the Regge theory o ...

(1930–1997) *

Ruslan Stratonovich Ruslan Leont'evich Stratonovich () was a Russian physicist, engineer, and probabilist and one of the founders of the theory of stochastic differential equations. Biography Ruslan Stratonovich was born on 31 May 1930 in Moscow. He studied from 1 ...

(1930–1997) * Alfred Ivanovich Baz (1931–1978) * Felix Berezin (1931–1980) * John Hubbard (1931–1980) *

Revaz Dogonadze Revaz Dogonadze ( ka, რევაზ დოღონაძე; 21 November 1931 – 13 May 1985) was a notable Georgia (country), Georgian scientist, Corresponding Member of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Georgian National Academy of Sciences ( ...

(1931–1985) * (1931–1986) * Luciano Fonda (1931–1998) * Kenneth Alan Johnson (1931–1999) * Fredrik Zachariasen (1931–1999) * (1932–1991) * Walter Marshall (1932–1996) * (1932–1998) *

J. J. Sakurai was a Japanese–American particle physicist and theorist. While a graduate student at Cornell University, Sakurai independently discovered the V-A theory of weak interactions. He authored the popular graduate text '' Modern Quantum Mechanics ...

(1933–1982) *

Leopoldo Máximo Falicov Leopoldo Máximo Falicov (June 24, 1933 – January 24, 1995) was an Argentine theoretical physicist, specializing in the theory of condensed matter physics. Life Falicov was born in Buenos Aires with both parents of Eastern European Jewish origin. ...

(1933–1995) * Euan J. Squires (1933–1996) * Shivaramakrishnan Pancharatnam (1934–1969) * William Fuller Brown Jr. (1934–1983) * M. A. B. Beg (1934–1990) *

Alexey Andreevich Anselm Alexey Andreevich Anselm (, 1 July 1934 – 24 August 1998) was a Russian Theoretical physics, theoretical physicist, Doctor of Science, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, professor, director (1992–1994) of the B.P. Konstantinov Pe ...

(1934–1998) * Benjamin W. Lee (1935–1977) * Vadim Berezinskii (1935–1980) * David Adler (1935–1987) *

Peter A. Carruthers Peter Carruthers (1935 – August 3, 1997) was an American physicist best known for leading the theoretical division of Los Alamos National Laboratory from 1973 until 1980. Early life and education Peter Carruthers was born in Lafayette, Indi ...

(1935–1997) * Victor Popov (1937–1994) * Karl Kraus (1938–1988) * Raphael Høegh-Krohn (1938–1988) * Roger Dashen (1938–1995) *

Claude Itzykson Claude Georges Itzykson, (11 April 1938 – 22 May 1995) was a French theoretical physicist who worked in quantum field theory and statistical mechanics. Biography Separated from his parents by World War II, his father was taken to a Na ...

(1938–1995) * (1938–1998) * Heinz Pagels (1939–1988) * Arkady Aronov (1939–1994) * (1939–2000) *

Shang-keng Ma Shang-keng Ma (September 24, 1940 – November 24, 1983) was a Chinese theoretical physicist, known for his work on the theory of critical phenomena and random systems. He is known as the co-author with Bertrand Halperin and Pierre Hohenberg of ...

(1940–1983) * Herbert H. Chen (1942–1987) *

Dan Walls Daniel Frank Walls FRS (13 September 1942 – 12 May 1999) was a New Zealand theoretical physicist specialising in quantum optics. Education Walls gained a BSc in physics and mathematics and a first class honours MSc in physics at the Univers ...

(1942–1999) * Giuliano Preparata (1942–2000) *

Joël Scherk Joël Scherk (; 27 May 1946 – 16 May 1980) was a French theoretical physicist who studied string theory and supergravity. Work Scherk studied in Paris at the École Normale Supérieure (ENS). In 1969 he received his diploma (Thèse de troisiè ...

(1946–1980) * Marko V. Jaric (1952–1997) * Elizabeth Gardnerª (1957–1988) * Vadim Knizhnik (1962–1987)

20th–21st century

Hans Bethe Hans Albrecht Eduard Bethe (; ; July 2, 1906 – March 6, 2005) was a German-American physicist who made major contributions to nuclear physics, astrophysics, quantum electrodynamics and solid-state physics, and received the Nobel Prize in Physi ...

° (1906–2005) *

Melba Phillips Melba Newell Phillips (February 1, 1907 – November 8, 2004) was an American physicist and a pioneer science educator. One of the first doctoral students of J. Robert Oppenheimer at the University of California, Berkeley, Phillips completed her ...

(1907–2004) *

László Tisza László Tisza (July 7, 1907 – April 15, 2009) was a Hungarian-born American physicist who was Professor of Physics Emeritus at MIT. He was a colleague of famed physicists Edward Teller, Lev Landau and Fritz London, and initiated the two ...

(1907–2009) *

Victor Weisskopf Victor Frederick "Viki" Weisskopf (also spelled Viktor; September 19, 1908 – April 22, 2002) was an Austrian-born American theoretical physicist. He did postdoctoral work with Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, Wolfgang Pauli, and Niels Boh ...

(1908–2002) *

Edward Teller Edward Teller (; January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Hungarian and American Theoretical physics, theoretical physicist and chemical engineer who is known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb" and one of the creators of ...

(1908–2003) *

Arthur Geoffrey Walker Arthur Geoffrey Walker FRS FRSE (17 July 1909 in Watford, Hertfordshire, England – 31 March 2001) was a British mathematician and professor of the University of Sheffield who made important contributions to physical cosmology. Although he ...

(1909–2001) * Werner Romberg (1909–2003) * (1911–2001) * Leslie Howarth (1911–2001) *

Frederick Seitz Frederick Seitz (July 4, 1911 – March 2, 2008) was an American physicist, a pioneer of solid state physics, and climate change denier. Seitz was the 4th president of Rockefeller University from 1968 to 1978, and the 17th president of the Nation ...

(1911–2008) * John Wheeler (1911–2008) *

Ugo Fano Ugo Fano (July 28, 1912 – February 13, 2001) was an Italian American physicist, notable for contributions to theoretical physics. Biography Ugo Fano was born into a wealthy Jewish family in Turin, Italy. His father was Gino Fano, a professo ...

(1912–2001) * Naum Meiman (1912–2001) * Evgenii Feinberg (1912–2005) * Markus Fierz (1912–2006) *

Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker Carl Friedrich Freiherr von Weizsäcker (; 28 June 1912 – 28 April 2007) was a German physicist and philosopher. He was the longest-living member of the team which performed nuclear research in Nazi Germany during the Second World War, un ...

(1912–2007) * Harald Keres (1912–2010) * Maurice Pryce (1913–2003) * Leonard Eisenbud (1913–2004) *

Willis Lamb Willis Eugene Lamb Jr. (; July 12, 1913 – May 15, 2008) was an American physicist who shared the 1955 Nobel Prize in Physics with Polykarp Kusch "for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum". Lamb was able to p ...

(1913–2008) * (1914–2004) * Isao Imai (1914–2004) * James Stark Koehler (1914–2006) *

Conyers Herring William Conyers Herring (November 15, 1914 – July 23, 2009) was an American physicist. He was a professor of applied physics at Stanford University and the Wolf Prize in Physics recipient in 1984/5. Academic career Conyers Herring complete ...

(1914–2009) * Anatole Abragam (1914–2011) *

Fred Hoyle Sir Fred Hoyle (24 June 1915 – 20 August 2001) was an English astronomer who formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis and was one of the authors of the influential B2FH paper, B2FH paper. He also held controversial stances on oth ...

(1915–2001) *

Peter Bergmann Peter Gabriel Bergmann (24 March 1915 – 19 October 2002) was a German-American physicist best known for his work with Albert Einstein on a unified field theory encompassing all physical interactions. He also introduced primary and seconda ...

(1915–2002) * (1915–2003) *

Philip Morrison Philip Morrison (November 7, 1915 – April 22, 2005) was a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is known for his work on the Manhattan Project during World War II, and for his later work in quantum physic ...

(1915–2005) * P. R. Wallace (1915–2006) * Ivan Supek (1915–2007) * David Turnbull (1915–2007) * Jan Korringa (1915–2015) * Charles H. Townes (1915–2015) * Harold Neville Vazeille Temperley (1915–2017) * (1916–2006) *

Frank Nabarro Frank Reginald Nunes Nabarro MBE OMS FRS (7 March 1916 – 20 July 2006) was an English-born South African physicist and one of the pioneers of solid-state physics, which underpins much of 21st-century technology. Education Born 7 March 1 ...

(1916–2006) *

Vitaly Ginzburg Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg ForMemRS (; – 8 November 2009) was a Russian physicist who was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003, together with Alexei Abrikosov and Anthony Leggett for their "pioneering contributions to the theory ...

(1916–2009) *

Robert F. Christy Robert Frederick Christy (May 14, 1916 – October 3, 2012) was a Canadian-American theoretical physicist and later astrophysicist who was one of the last surviving people to have worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II. He briefly ...

(1916–2012) * Paolo Budinich (1916–2013) *

Charles Kittel Charles Kittel (July 18, 1916 – May 15, 2019) was an American physicist. He was a professor at the University of California, Berkeley from 1951 and was professor emeritus from 1978 until his death. He is known for co-introducing the Ruderman� ...

(1916–2019) *

Ilya Prigogine Viscount Ilya Romanovich Prigogine (; ; 28 May 2003) was a Belgian physical chemist of Russian-Jewish origin, noted for his work on dissipative structures, complex systems, and irreversibility. Prigogine's work most notably earned him the 19 ...

(1917–2003) * Leonid Brekhovskikh (1917–2005) *

Yurii Mitropolskiy Yurii Oleksiiovych Mitropolskyi (; 3 January 1917 – 14 June 2008) was a renowned Soviet Union, Soviet and Ukraine, Ukrainian mathematician known for his contributions to the fields of dynamical systems and Nonlinear system, nonlinear oscillati ...

(1917–2008) *

Morikazu Toda was a Japanese physicist, best known for the discovery of the Toda lattice. His main interests were in statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics. Career After graduating from the Department of Physics, Tokyo University he became associ ...

(1917–2010) * George C. Baldwin (1917–2010) * Norman H. March (1917–2020) * Arthur Iberall (1918–2002) *

David George Kendall David George Kendall FRS (15 January 1918 – 23 October 2007) was an English statistician and mathematician, known for his work on probability, statistical shape analysis, ley lines and queueing theory. He spent most of his academic lif ...

(1918–2007) * (1918–2007) * Theodore A. Welton (1918–2010) * Clemens C. J. Roothaan (1918–2019) * Leslie Lawrance Foldy (1919–2001) *

Dirk ter Haar Dirk ter Haar FRSE FIP DSc (; 19 April 1919 –3 September 2002) was an Anglo-Dutch physicist. He was emeritus fellow of University of Oxford. Life Dirk ter Haar was born at Oosterwolde in Friesland in the north of the Netherlands on 19 Apri ...

(1919–2002) *

Rolf Hagedorn Rolf Hagedorn (20 July 1919 – 9 March 2003) was a :German physicists, German theoretical physicist who worked at CERN. He is known for the idea that QCD matter, hadronic matter has a "melting point". The Hagedorn temperature is named in his hon ...

(1919–2003) *

Hermann Bondi Sir Hermann Bondi (1 November 1919 – 10 September 2005) was an Austrian-British people, British mathematician and physical cosmology, cosmologist. He is best known for developing the steady state model of the universe with Fred Hoyle and Thom ...

(1919–2005) * Huang Kun (1919–2005) * Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky (1919–2007) * Peter Westervelt (1919–2015) *

Isaak Khalatnikov Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov (, ; 17 October 1919 – 9 January 2021) was a leading Soviet theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to many areas of theoretical physics, including general relativity, quantum field theory, as well ...

(1919–2021) *

Brian Pippard Sir Alfred Brian Pippard, Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (7 September 1920 – 21 September 2008), was a British physicist. He was Cavendish Professor of Physics from 1971 until 1982 and an Honorary Fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge, of which h ...

(1920–2008) * Kenneth Le Couteur (1920–2011) * Cyril Domb (1920–2012) * James Bruce French (1921–2002) * Felix Villars (1921–2002) *

Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz (10 October 1921 – 31 December 2002) was an American physicist. Biography He was born in Bryan, Texas, and grew up in Oklahoma. His family is Jewish and originally from Poland. His father was an agricultural chemis ...

(1921–2003) *

Francis E. Low Francis Eugene Low (October 27, 1921 – February 16, 2007) was an American theoretical physicist. He was an Institute Professor at MIT, and served as provost there from 1980 to 1985. He was a member of the influential JASON Defense Advisory Grou ...

(1921–2007) * (1921–2007) *

Akiva Yaglom Akiva Moiseevich Yaglom (; 6 March 1921 – 13 December 2007) was a Soviet and Russian physicist, mathematician, statistician, and meteorologist. He was known for his contributions to the statistical theory of turbulence and theory of random proc ...

(1921–2007) *

Andrew M. Gleason Andrew Mattei Gleason (19212008) was an American mathematician who made fundamental contributions to widely varied areas of mathematics, including the solution of Hilbert's fifth problem, and was a leader in reform and innovation in teaching a ...

(1921–2008) *

Marcos Moshinsky Marcos Moshinsky Borodiansky (; ; 1921–2009) was a Mexican physicist of Ukrainian-Jewish origin whose work in the field of elementary particles won him the Prince of Asturias Prize for Scientific and Technical Investigation in 1988 and the ...

(1921–2009) *

Nico van Kampen Nicolaas 'Nico' Godfried van Kampen (22 June 1921 – 6 October 2013) was a Dutch theoretical physicist, who worked mainly on statistical mechanics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Van Kampen was born in Leiden, and was a nephew of Frits Zer ...

(1921–2013) * Eugen Merzbacher (1921–2013) *

Albert Messiah Albert Messiah (23 September 1921, Nice – 17 April 2013, Paris) was a French physicist. He studied at the Ecole Polytechnique. He spent the Second World War in the Free France forces: he embarked on 22 June 1940 at Saint-Jean-de-Luz for Engla ...

(1921–2013) *

Jacques Friedel Jacques Friedel ForMemRS (; 11 February 1921 – 27 August 2014) was a French physicist and material scientist. Education Friedel attended the Cours Hattemer, a private school. He studied at the École Polytechnique from 1944 to 1946, and the É ...

(1921–2014) * (1921–2014) *

Takeo Matsubara was a Japanese physicist. Matsubara proposed a method of statistical mechanics related to Green's function (many-body theory), by applying quantum field theory techniques to statistical physics. This method, commonly known as Matsubara Green's ...

(1921–2014) *

Yoichiro Nambu was a Japanese-American physicist and professor at the University of Chicago. Known for his groundbreaking contributions to theoretical physics, Nambu was the originator of the theory of spontaneous symmetry breaking, a concept that revoluti ...

(1921–2015) *

Bernard d'Espagnat Bernard d'Espagnat (22 August 1921 – 1 August 2015) was a French theoretical physicist, philosopher of science, and author, best known for his work on the nature of reality. The Wigner–d'Espagnat inequality is partially named after him. ''Qu ...

(1921–2015) * Harry J. Lipkin (1921–2015) * Robert Parr (1921–2017) * Kenneth M. Watson (1921–2023) * Louis Witten (born 1921) * Peter Mazur (1922–2001) * Melvin Lax (1922–2002) * William Cochran (physicist), William Cochran (1922–2003) * Behram Kurşunoğlu (1922–2003) * Norman Myles Kroll (1922–2004) * Herbert Goldstein (1922–2005) * Karen Ter-Martirosian (1922–2005) * Aage Bohr (1922–2009) * André Petermann (1922–2011) * Arthur Wightman (1922–2013) * Marvin Leonard Goldberger (1922–2014) * Rudolf Haag (1922–2016) * (1922–2017) * Cécile DeWitt-Morette (1922–2017) * Emil Wolf (1922–2018) * George B. Arfken (1922–2020) * Richard J. Eden (1922–2021) * Hans Frauenfelder (1922–2022) * Yang Chen-Ning, Chen-Ning Yang (born 1922) * Bryce DeWitt (1923–2004) * Christopher Longuet-Higgins (1923–2004) * Alladi Ramakrishnan (1923–2008) * (1923–2008) * Harold Lewis (1923–2011) * Peter A. Wolff (1923–2013) * Bruno Zumino (1923–2014) * Lincoln Wolfenstein (1923–2015) * Walter Kohn (1923–2016) * H. Pierre Noyes (1923–2016) * Ivor Robinson (physicist), Ivor Robinson (1923–2016) * (1923–2016) * Spartak Belyaev (1923–2017) * Philip Warren Anderson (1923–2020) * Freeman Dyson (1923–2020) * Rudolph Pariser (1923–2021) * Laurie Brown (physicist), Laurie Brown (1923–2019) * Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat (1923–2025) * Pierre Aigrain (1924–2002) * (1924–2002) * Albert Hibbs (1924–2003) * Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (1924–2005) * Evan O'Neill Kane (physicist), Evan O'Neill Kane (1924–2006) * Edwin Ernest Salpeter (1924–2008) * (1924–2009) * Benoit Mandelbrot (1924–2010) * (1924–2011) * Yasushi Takahashi (1924–2013) * Keith Brueckner (1924–2014) * David Pines (1924–2018) * Geoffrey Chew (1924–2019) * Wolfgang Rindler (1924–2019) * Yuri Orlov (1924–2020) * Jerald L. Ericksen (1924–2021) * Suraj N. 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Caves (born 1950) * Sylvester James Gates (born 1950) * Robert B. Laughlin (born 1950) * Berndt Müller (born 1950) * Stephen Parke (born 1950) * Johann Rafelski (born 1950) * Goran Senjanovic (born 1950) * Kyriakos Tamvakis (born 1950) * Steven Girvin (born 1950) * James Binney (born 1950) * Amir Caldeira (born 1950) * Sergiu Klainerman (born 1950) * Louise Dolan (born 1950) * Thors Hans Hansson (born 1950) * Monique Combescure (born 1950) * Matt Visser (born 1950) * Peter Hänggi (born 1950) * B. Sriram Shastry (born 1950) * Howard Carmichael (born 1950) * Eduardo Fradkin (born 1950) * Hisham Ghassib (born 1950) * Ravi Gomatam (born 1950) * Shuichi Nosé (1951–2005) * Demetrios Christodoulou (born 1951) * Ignazio Ciufolini (born 1951) * Thibault Damour (born 1951) * Duncan Haldane, F. Duncan Haldane (born 1951) * Christopher T. Hill (born 1951) * Allan H. 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Haber (born 1952) * Paul Wiegmann (born 1952) * Edward Farhi (born 1952) * Dharam Vir Ahluwalia (born 1952) * Lars Bergström (physicist), Lars Bergström (born 1952) * Stefan Karol Estreicher (born 1952) * Gunnar Ingelman (born 1952) * Warren Siegel (born 1952) * James Stirling (physicist), James Stirling (1953–2018) * Mikhail Voloshin (1953–2020) * Ali Chamseddine (born 1953) * David Deutsch (born 1953) * Boris Feigin (born 1953) * (born 1953) * Stephan W. Koch (born 1953) * John Preskill (born 1953) * Stuart Samuel (physicist), Stuart Samuel (born 1953) * Sankar Das Sarma (born 1953) * Daniel L. Stein (born 1953) * José W. F. Valle (born 1953) * Mark B. Wise (born 1953) * Peter Guy Wolynes (born 1953) * Richard Jozsa (born 1953) * Marie Farge (born 1953) * Michael Dine (born 1953) * Stephen Shenker (born 1953) * Diederik Aerts (born 1953) * Steve Carlip (born 1953) * Berthold-Georg Englert (born 1953) * George M. Fuller (born 1953) * Joseph Polchinski (1954–2018) * Ash Carter, Ashton Baldwin Carter (1954–2022) * Alexandre Bouzdine (born 1954) * Mikhail Feigelman (born 1954) * (born 1954) * Lawrence M. Krauss (born 1954) * Michael Loss (born 1954) * David Vanderbilt (born 1954) * Julia Yeomans (born 1954) * Barton Zwiebach (born 1954) * Clifford Taubes (born 1954) * Antti Kupiainen (born 1954) * F. J. Duarte (born 1954) * Reinhard F. Werner (born 1954) * Leonard Mlodinow (born 1954) * Torbjörn Sjöstrand (born 1954) * Serge Rudaz (born 1954) * Ted Jacobson (born 1954) * Martin Roček (born 1954) * Pierre Binétruy (1955–2017) * Jonathan Dowling (1955–2020) * Valery Rubakov (1955–2022) * Boris Altshuler (born 1955) * Dietrich Belitz (born 1955) * Gilles Brassard (born 1955) * Augusto Sagnotti (born 1955) * Lee Smolin (born 1955) * Alan Sokal (born 1955) * Andrew Strominger (born 1955) * Jeffrey A. Harvey (born 1955) * Vincent Rivasseau (born 1955) * Sally Dawson (born 1955) * Paul Ginsparg (born 1955) * Luis Álvarez-Gaumé (born 1955) * Ignatios Antoniadis (born 1955) * Zlatko Tesanovic (1956–2012) * Kurt Kremer (born 1956) * David Lindley (physicist), David Lindley (born 1956) * Dieter Lüst (born 1956) * Fulvio Melia (born 1956) * Viatcheslav Mukhanov (born 1956) * Carlo Rovelli (born 1956) * Susan M. Scottª (born 1956) * Nathan Seiberg (born 1956) * Ashoke Sen (born 1956) * Sunil Mukhi (born 1956) * Sheldon Katz (born 1956) * Boris Shraiman (born 1956) * Daniel S. Fisher (born 1956) * Karen Barad (born 1956) * Eric D'Hoker (born 1956) * Doron Gepner (born 1956) * (1957–2009) * Thanu Padmanabhan (1957–2021) * (1957–2023) * Mehran Kardar (born 1957) * Mikhail Katsnelson (born 1957) * Joseph Lykken (born 1957) * Marc Mézard (born 1957) * Peter Woit (born 1957) * Ryan Rohm (born 1957) * Wolfgang P. Schleich (born 1957) * Mark Bowick (born 1957) * Gabriel Kotliar (born 1957) * Jean-Baptiste Leblond (born 1957) * Ann Nelson (1958–2019) * Piers Coleman (born 1958) * David Tannor (born 1958) * Neil Turok (born 1958) * Giovanni Felder (born 1958) * Nicolai Reshetikhin (born 1958) * Emil Martinec (born 1958) * Étienne Klein (born 1958) * John Wheater (born 1958) * David A. Huse (born 1958) * David B. Kaplan (born 1958) * (born 1959) * Stephen Wolfram (born 1959) * Steven R. White (born 1959) * Horng-Tzer Yau (born 1959) * Orfeu Bertolami (born 1959) * Andrey V. Chubukov (born 1959) * Miguel Ángel Fernández Sanjuán (born 1959) * Anamaría Font (born 1959) * Boris Svistunov (born 1959) * Carlo Beenakker (born 1960) * David Drabold (born 1960) * Raymond Laflamme (born 1960) * Cumrun Vafa (born 1960) * Zvi Bern (born 1960) * Stéphane Roux (physicist), Stéphane Roux (born 1960) * Seth Lloyd (born 1960) * William Bialek (born 1960) * John C. Baez (born 1961) * Jacques Distler (born 1961) * Michael R. Douglas (born 1961) * Gian F. Giudice (born 1961) * (born 1961) * Subir Sachdev (born 1961) * Erik Verlinde (born 1961) * Xiao-Gang Wen (born 1961) * Antoine Georges (born 1961) * Jan Philip Solovej (born 1961) * Lance J. Dixon (born 1961) * Artur Ekert (born 1961) * Nigel Glover (born 1961) * Murray Batchelor (born 1961) * Anna Ceresole (born 1961) * Matthew Choptuik (born 1961) * Gian Francesco Giudice (born 1961) * Jean-Philippe Bouchaud (born 1962) * Marcela Carena (born 1962) * Igor Klebanov (born 1962) * Lisa Randallª (born 1962) * Carlos E.M. Wagner (born 1962) * Ezra Getzler (born 1962) * Mark Alford (physicist), Mark Alford (born 1962) * Brian Greene (born 1962) * Gian Michele Graf (born 1962) * Shoucheng Zhang (1963–2018) * Alexei Kitaev (born 1963) * Sandip Trivedi (born 1963) * Thierry Giamarchi (born 1963) * Joseph Kouneiher (born 1963) * Sergej Flach (born 1963) * Petr Hořava (physicist), Petr Hořava (born 1963) * Sudhir Ranjan Jain (born 1963) * Cristiane de Morais Smith (born 1964) * Gia Dvali (born 1964) * Miguel Alcubierre (born 1964) * Raman Sundrum (born 1964) * Lars Bildsten (born 1964) * Antonio H. Castro Neto (born 1964) * Ángel Rubio (born 1965) * Antony Valentini (born 1965) * Leticia Cugliandolo (born 1965) * Christopher Jarzynski (born 1965) * Nicolas J. Cerf (born 1965) * Rinat Kedem (born 1965) * Sean M. Carroll (born 1966) * Stephen Hsu (born 1966) * Matthias Gaberdiel (born 1966) * Lucien Hardy (born 1966) * Durmus A. Demir (born 1967) * João Magueijo (born 1967) * Rajesh Gopakumar (born 1967) * Andrej Arbuzov (born 1967) * Mustapha Ishak Boushaki (born 1967) * Natalia Berloff (born 1968) * Jeff Forshaw (born 1968) * Antony Garrett Lisi (born 1968) * Juan Maldacena (born 1968) * Jeroen van den Brink (born 1968) * Pedro G. Ferreira (born 1968) * Wolfgang Fink (born 1968) * Marina Huerta (born 1968) * Vijay Balasubramanian (born 1969) * Laura Mersini-Houghtonª (born 1969) * Dam Thanh Son (born 1969) * Shamit Kachru (born 1970) * Eva Silverstein (born 1970) * Daniel Gottesman (born 1970) * Hubert Bray (born 1970) * Mikhail Lukin (born 1971) * Vlatko Vedral (born 1971) * Anton Kapustin (born 1971) * Dean Lee (born 1971) * Raphael Bousso (born 1971) * Steven Gubser (1972–2019) * Nima Arkani-Hamed (born 1972) * Shiraz Minwalla (born 1972) * Maxim Chernodub (born 1973) * Luboš Motl (born 1973) * Cédric Villani (born 1973) * Tommy Ohlsson (born 1973) * Ashvin Vishwanath (born 1973) * Egor Babaev (born 1973) * Nikita Nekrasov (born 1973) * Yuri Kovchegov (born 1973) * Terry Rudolph (born 1973) * Yasunori Nomura (born 1974) * Lisa Dyson (born 1974) * Brian Wecht (born 1975) * Rembert Duine (born 1975) * Eun-Ah Kim (born 1975) * Robert Seiringer (born 1976) * Anastasia Volovich (born 1976) * Florent Krzakala (born 1976) * Bianca Dittrichª (born 1977) * Davide Gaiotto (born 1977) * Bogdan Andrei Bernevig (born 1978) * Matthieu Wyart (born 1978) * Claudia de Rham (born 1978) * Katie Mack (astrophysicist), Katie Mack (born 1981) * Adolfo del Campo (born 1981) * Simon Devitt (born 1981) * Zohar Komargodski (born 1983) * Xi Yin (born 1984) * Sabrina Gonzalez Pasterski (born 1993) * Alan Kostelecky * K. S. Babu * Guy de Téramond Peralta * Kathryn Zurek * David Berenstein * Ruth Britto * Kenneth Lane (physicist), Kenneth Lane * Ayana Holloway Arce * Clare Burrage * Freddy Cachazo * David Callaway * Xie Chen * Emily S. C. Ching * Csaba Csáki * Elbio Dagotto * Anne-Christine Davis * Sebastian Deffner * Dejan Milošević * Emanuela Del Gado * Peter D. Jarvis * Bogdan A. Dobrescu * Joakim Edsjö * Victor Galitski * Graciela Gelmini * Lawrence John Hall * Anne Schilling * Mina Aganagić

Fictional theoretical physicists

* Gordon Freeman * Eli Vance * Isaac Kleiner * Rodney McKay * Samantha Carterª * Larry Fleinhardt * List of Angels & Demons characters#Leonardo Vetra, Leonardo Vetra * Quinn Mallory * Maximillian Arturo * Nicholas Rush * Daniel Faraday * Catherine Elizabeth Halsey * Milo Rambaldi * Mister Fantastic, Reed Richards * Doctor Doom, Victor Von Doom * Radek Zelenka * Sheldon Cooper * List of characters in the BioShock series#The Lutece Twins, Rosalind and Robert Lutece * Rick Sanchez

Notes

: * Experimentalist also : º Astronomer, astrophysics, astrophysicist or physical cosmology, cosmologist also : ^ Developed new mathematics : † Contributed to chemistry : ‡ Contributed to biology : ª Women in theoretical physics {{Theoretical physics Theoretical physicists, * Physics-related lists, Theoretical physicists