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Elizabeth Gardner (physicist)
Elizabeth Gardner (25 August 1957 – 18 June 1988) was a British theoretical physicist. She is best known for her groundbreaking work on a phase transition known as the Gardner transition and on disordered networks. Early life and education Gardner was born in Cheshire, UK. Both of her parents were chemical engineers. Gardner was interested in science from an early age. In 1975, she enrolled in University of Edinburgh to study mathematical physics. She graduated with first class honors, and was awarded the Tait Medal in 1979, Robert Schlapp Prize, and the Class medal. Gardner completed her D.Phil. studies at University of Oxford, Oxford under the supervision of Ian Aitchison, I.J.R. Aitchison. Her thesis was in particle physics, and focused on Gauge theory, non-Abelian gauge theories. Despite fulfilling requirements, Gardner did not formally graduate from Oxford. Career Following her D.Phil., Gardner moved to the Saclay Nuclear Research Centre, where she spent two years, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jane Gardener
Jane may refer to: * Jane (given name), a feminine given name including list of persons and characters with the name * Jane (surname), related to the given name including list of persons and characters with the name Film and television * Jane (1915 film), ''Jane'' (1915 film), a silent comedy film directed by Frank Lloyd * Jane (2016 film), ''Jane'' (2016 film), a South Korean drama film starring Lee Min-ji * Jane (2017 film), ''Jane'' (2017 film), an American documentary film about Jane Goodall * Jane (2022 film), ''Jane'' (2022 film), an American psychological thriller directed by Sabrina Jaglom * Jane (British TV series), an 1980s British television series *Jane (American TV series), an educational adventure television series Music *Jane (album), ''Jane'' (album), an album by Jane McDonald * Jane (American band) * Jane (German band) * Jane, unaccompanied and original singer of "It's a Fine Day" in 1983 Songs * Jane (Barenaked Ladies song), "Jane" (Barenaked Ladies song), 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanoch Gutfreund
use both this parameter and , birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> , death_place = , death_cause = , body_discovered = , resting_place = , resting_place_coordinates = , burial_place = , burial_coordinates = , monuments = , nationality = Israeli , other_names = , siglum = , citizenship = , education = , alma_mater = the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Ph.D. in theoretical physics; 1966) , occupation = , years_active = , era = , employer = , organization = , agent = , known_for = President of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem , notable_works = , style = , net_worth = , height = , television = , title = the Andre Aisenstadt Chair in theoretical physics , term = , predecess ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1988 Deaths
1988 was a crucial year in the early history of the Internet—it was the year of the first well-known computer virus, the Morris worm, 1988 Internet worm. The first permanent intercontinental Internet link was made between the United States (National Science Foundation Network) and Europe (Nordunet) as well as the first Internet-based chat protocol, Internet Relay Chat. The concept of the World Wide Web was first discussed at CERN in 1988. The Soviet Union began its major deconstructing towards a mixed economy at the beginning of 1988 and began its Dissolution of the Soviet Union, gradual dissolution. The Iron Curtain began to disintegrate in 1988 as People's Republic of Hungary, Hungary began allowing freer travel to the Western world. The first extrasolar planet, Gamma Cephei Ab (confirmed in 2003), was detected this year and the World Health Organization began its mission to Eradication of polio, eradicate polio. Global warming also began to emerge as a more significant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1957 Births
Events January * January 1 – The Saarland joins West Germany. * January 3 – Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch. * January 5 – South African player Russell Endean becomes the first batsman to be Dismissal (cricket), dismissed for having handled the ball, in Test cricket. * January 9 – British Prime Minister Anthony Eden resigns. * January 10 – Harold Macmillan becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. * January 11 – The African Convention is founded in Dakar. * January 14 – Kripalu Maharaj is named fifth Jagadguru (world teacher), after giving seven days of speeches before 500 Hindu scholars. * January 15 – The film ''Throne of Blood'', Akira Kurosawa's reworking of ''Macbeth'', is released in Japan. * January 20 ** Israel withdraws from the Sinai Peninsula (captured from Egypt on October 29, 1956). * January 26 – The Ibirapuera Planetarium (the first in the Southern Hemisphere) is inaugurated in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Women Physicists
English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Culture, language and peoples * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England * ''English'', an Amish term for non-Amish, regardless of ethnicity * English studies, the study of English language and literature Media * ''English'' (2013 film), a Malayalam-language film * ''English'' (novel), a Chinese book by Wang Gang ** ''English'' (2018 film), a Chinese adaptation * ''The English'' (TV series), a 2022 Western-genre miniseries * ''English'' (play), a 2022 play by Sanaz Toossi People and fictional characters * English (surname), a list of people and fictional characters * English Fisher (1928–2011), American boxing coach * English Gardner (born 1992), American track and field sprinter * English McConnell (1882–1928), Irish footballer * Aiden English, a ring name of Matthew Rehwoldt (born 1987), American former professional wrestler ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neural Network
A neural network is a group of interconnected units called neurons that send signals to one another. Neurons can be either biological cells or signal pathways. While individual neurons are simple, many of them together in a network can perform complex tasks. There are two main types of neural networks. *In neuroscience, a '' biological neural network'' is a physical structure found in brains and complex nervous systems – a population of nerve cells connected by synapses. *In machine learning, an '' artificial neural network'' is a mathematical model used to approximate nonlinear functions. Artificial neural networks are used to solve artificial intelligence problems. In biology In the context of biology, a neural network is a population of biological neurons chemically connected to each other by synapses. A given neuron can be connected to hundreds of thousands of synapses. Each neuron sends and receives electrochemical signals called action potentials to its conne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Energy Landscape
Energy () is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light. Energy is a conserved quantity—the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed. The unit of measurement for energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule (J). Forms of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored by an object (for instance due to its position in a field), the elastic energy stored in a solid object, chemical energy associated with chemical reactions, the radiant energy carried by electromagnetic radiation, the internal energy contained within a thermodynamic system, and rest energy associated with an object's rest mass. These are not mutually exclusive. All living organisms constantly take in and release energy. The Earth's climate and ecosystems processes are driven pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Random Energy Model
In the statistical physics of disordered systems, the random energy model is a toy model of a system with quenched disorder, such as a spin glass, having a first-order phase transition. It concerns the statistics of a collection of N spins (''i.e.'' degrees of freedom \boldsymbol\sigma\equiv \_^N that can take one of two possible values \sigma_i=\pm 1) so that the number of possible states for the system is 2^N. The energies of such states are independent and identically distributed Gaussian random variables E_x \sim \mathcal(0,N/2) with zero mean and a variance of N/2. Many properties of this model can be computed exactly. Its simplicity makes this model suitable for pedagogical introduction of concepts like quenched disorder and replica symmetry. Thermodynamic quantities Critical energy per particle: h_c = \sqrt. Critical inverse temperature \beta_c = 2\sqrt. Partition function Z(\beta) = \sum_s e^, which at large N becomes 2^N \mathbb E_E ^/math> when \beta denotes the av ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sherrington–Kirkpatrick Model
In condensed matter physics, a spin glass is a magnetic state characterized by randomness, besides cooperative behavior in freezing of Spin (physics), spins at a temperature called the "freezing temperature," ''T''f. In Ferromagnetism, ferromagnetic solids, component atoms' magnetic spins all align in the same direction. Spin glass when contrasted with a ferromagnet is defined as "Entropy, disordered" magnetic state in which spins are aligned randomly or without a regular pattern and the couplings too are random. A spin glass should not be confused with a "Doping_(semiconductor), spin-on glass". The latter is a thin film, usually based on SiO2, which is applied via spin coating. The term "glass" comes from an analogy between the ''magnetic'' disorder in a spin glass and the ''positional'' disorder of a conventional, chemical glass, e.g., a window glass. In window glass or any amorphous solid the atomic bond structure is highly irregular; in contrast, a crystal has a uniform ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spin Glass
In condensed matter physics, a spin glass is a magnetic state characterized by randomness, besides cooperative behavior in freezing of spins at a temperature called the "freezing temperature," ''T''f. In ferromagnetic solids, component atoms' magnetic spins all align in the same direction. Spin glass when contrasted with a ferromagnet is defined as " disordered" magnetic state in which spins are aligned randomly or without a regular pattern and the couplings too are random. A spin glass should not be confused with a " spin-on glass". The latter is a thin film, usually based on SiO2, which is applied via spin coating. The term "glass" comes from an analogy between the ''magnetic'' disorder in a spin glass and the ''positional'' disorder of a conventional, chemical glass, e.g., a window glass. In window glass or any amorphous solid the atomic bond structure is highly irregular; in contrast, a crystal has a uniform pattern of atomic bonds. In ferromagnetic solids, magnetic sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Physics A
The ''Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by IOP Publishing, the publishing branch of the Institute of Physics. It is part of the '' Journal of Physics'' series and covers theoretical physics focusing on sophisticated mathematical and computational techniques. The journal is divided into six sections covering: statistical physics; chaotic and complex systems; mathematical physics; quantum mechanics and quantum information theory; classical and quantum field theory; fluid and plasma theory. The editor in chief is Joseph A Minahan ( Uppsala Universitet, Sweden). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 2.0. History ''Journal of Physics A'' was established in 1968 as one of the subdivisions of the earlier title, '' Proceedings of the Physical Society'', established in 1874, the flagship journal of the Physical Society of London. The Physical Society later became the In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
