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Norbert Wiener
Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and philosopher. He became a professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT). A child prodigy, Wiener later became an early researcher in stochastic and mathematical noise processes, contributing work relevant to electronic engineering, electronic communication, and control systems. Wiener is considered the originator of cybernetics, the science of communication as it relates to living things and machines, with implications for engineering, systems control, computer science, biology, neuroscience, philosophy, and the organization of society. His work heavily influenced computer pioneer John von Neumann, information theorist Claude Shannon, anthropologists Margaret Mead and Gregory Bateson, and others. Wiener is credited as being one of the first to theorize that all intelligent behavior was the result of feedback mechanisms, tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Columbia, Missouri
Columbia is a city in Missouri, United States. It was founded in 1821 as the county seat of Boone County, Missouri, Boone County and had a population of 126,254 as recorded in the 2020 United States census, making it the List of cities in Missouri, fourth-most populous city in Missouri. Columbia is a Midwestern United States, Midwestern college town, home to the University of Missouri, a major research institution also known as MU or Mizzou. In addition to the university and surrounding Downtown Columbia, Missouri, Downtown Columbia are Stephens College and Columbia College (Missouri), Columbia College, giving the city its educational focus and nearly 40,000 college students. It is the principal city of the Columbia metropolitan area (Missouri), Columbia metropolitan area, population 215,811, and the central city of the nine-county Columbia–Jefferson City, Missouri, Jefferson City–Moberly, Missouri, Moberly combined statistical area with 415,747 residents. The city is the fas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dorothy Walcott Weeks
Dorothy Walcott Weeks (May 3, 1893 – June 4, 1990) was an American mathematician and physicist. Weeks was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She earned degrees from Wellesley College, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Simmons College. Biography on p.621-626 of thSupplementary MaterialaAMS/ref> Weeks was the first woman to receive a PhD in mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Early life Dorothy Walcott Weeks was born on May 3, 1893, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Mary (nee Walcott) and Edward Mitchell Weeks, an engraver. Weeks was the second of three children, born after her older brother and before her younger sister Ruth. The family moved in 1900 from Cheltenham to Washington, D.C., where Weeks studied at Western High School. Education Weeks graduated Phi Beta Kappa with a physics degree from Wellesley College in 1916, where she was also an active member of the Shakespeare society. After graduation, Weeks went on to work as a teache ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Medal Of Science
The National Medal of Science is an honor bestowed by the President of the United States to individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of behavioral science, behavioral and social sciences, biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics and physics. The twelve member presidential Committee on the National Medal of Science is responsible for selecting award recipients and is administered by the National Science Foundation (NSF). It is the highest science award in the United States. History The National Medal of Science was established on August 25, 1959, by an act of the Congress of the United States under . The medal was originally to honor scientists in the fields of the "physical, biological, mathematical, or engineering sciences". The Committee on the National Medal of Science was established on August 23, 1961, by Executive order (United States), executive order 10961 of President John F. Kennedy. O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bôcher Memorial Prize
The Bôcher Memorial Prize was founded by the American Mathematical Society in 1923 in memory of Maxime Bôcher with an initial endowment of $1,450 (contributed by members of that society). It is awarded every three years (formerly every five years) for a notable research work in analysis that has appeared during the past six years. The work must be published in a recognized, peer-reviewed venue. The current award is $5,000. There have been forty-one prize recipients. The first woman to win the award, Laure Saint-Raymond, did so in 2020. About eighty percent of the journal articles recognized since 2000 have been from ''Annals of Mathematics'', the ''Journal of the American Mathematical Society'', '' Inventiones Mathematicae'', and '' Acta Mathematica''. Past winners Source: * 1923 George David Birkhoff for ::''Dynamical systems with two degrees of freedom.'' Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 18 (1917), 119-300. * 1924 Eric Temple Bell for ::''Arithmetical paraphrases. I, II.'' Trans. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Things Named After Norbert Wiener
{{Short description, none In mathematics, there are a large number of topics named in honor of Norbert Wiener (1894 – 1964). * Abstract Wiener space * Classical Wiener space * Paley–Wiener integral * Paley–Wiener theorem * Wiener algebra * Wiener amalgam space * Wiener chaos expansion * Wiener criterion * Wiener deconvolution * Wiener definition * Wiener entropy * Wiener equation * Wiener filter ** Generalized Wiener filter * Wiener's lemma * Wiener process ** Generalized Wiener process * Wiener sausage * Wiener series * Wiener–Hopf method * Wiener–Ikehara theorem * Wiener–Khinchin theorem * Wiener–Kolmogorov prediction * Wiener–Lévy theorem * Weiner–Rosenblueth model * Wiener–Wintner theorem * Wiener's tauberian theorem In mathematical analysis, Wiener's Tauberian theorem is any of several related results proved by Norbert Wiener in 1932. They provide a necessary and sufficient condition under which any function in L^1 or L^2 can be approxim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philosophy Of Information
The philosophy of information (PI) is a branch of philosophy that studies topics relevant to information processing, representational system and consciousness, cognitive science, computer science, information science and information technology. It includes: # the critical investigation of the conceptual nature and basic principles of information, including its dynamics, utilisation and sciences # the elaboration and application of information-theoretic and computational methodologies to philosophical problems. History The philosophy of information (PI) has evolved from the philosophy of artificial intelligence, logic of information, cybernetics, social theory, ethics and the study of language and information. Logic of information The logic of information, also known as the ''logical theory of information'', considers the information content of logical signs and expressions along the lines initially developed by Charles Sanders Peirce. Study of language and informati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Information Revolution
The Information Age is a historical period that began in the mid-20th century. It is characterized by a rapid shift from traditional industries, as established during the Industrial Revolution, to an economy centered on information technology. The onset of the Information Age has been linked to the development of the transistor in 1947. This technological advance has had a significant impact on the way information is processed and transmitted. According to the United Nations Public Administration Network, the Information Age was formed by capitalizing on computer miniaturization advances, which led to modernized information systems and internet communications as the driving force of social evolution. There is ongoing debate concerning whether the Third Industrial Revolution has already ended, and if the Fourth Industrial Revolution has already begun due to the recent breakthroughs in areas such as artificial intelligence and biotechnology. This next transition has been th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Generalized Wiener Process
In statistics, a generalized Wiener process (named after Norbert Wiener) is a continuous time random walk with drift and random jumps at every point in time. Formally: :a(x,t) dt + b(x,t) \eta \sqrt where a and b are deterministic functions, t is a continuous index for time, x is a set of exogenous variables that may change with time, dt is a differential in time, and η is a random draw from a standard normal distribution at each instant. See also *Wiener process In mathematics, the Wiener process (or Brownian motion, due to its historical connection with Brownian motion, the physical process of the same name) is a real-valued continuous-time stochastic process discovered by Norbert Wiener. It is one o ... Wiener process {{statistics-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evolutionary Informatics
Intelligent design (ID) is a pseudoscientific argument for the existence of God, presented by its proponents as "an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins". Numbers 2006, p. 373; " Dcaptured headlines for its bold attempt to rewrite the basic rules of science and its claim to have found indisputable evidence of a God-like being. Proponents, however, insisted it was 'not a religious-based idea, but instead an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins – one that challenges strictly materialistic views of evolution.' Although the intellectual roots of the design argument go back centuries, its contemporary incarnation dates from the 1980s" Article available froUniversiteit Gent/ref> Proponents claim that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." * * ID is a form of creationism that lacks empirical support and offers no testable or tenable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classical Wiener Space
In mathematics, classical Wiener space is the collection of all continuous functions on a given domain (usually a subinterval of the real line), taking values in a metric space (usually ''n''-dimensional Euclidean space). Classical Wiener space is useful in the study of stochastic processes whose sample paths are continuous functions. It is named after the American mathematician Norbert Wiener. Definition Consider E\subseteq \mathbb^n and a metric space (M,d). The classical Wiener space C(E,M) is the space of all continuous functions f:E\to M. That is, for every fixed t\in E, :d(f(s), f(t)) \to 0 as , s - t , \to 0. In almost all applications, one takes E= ,T/math> or E=\R_+= ,T">, +\infty) and M=\mathbb^n for some n\in\mathbb. For brevity, write C for C([0,T; this is a vector space. Write C_0 for the linear subspace consisting only of those function (mathematics), functions that take the value zero at the infimum of the set E. Many authors refer to C_0 as "classical Wiene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wiener Amalgam Space
In mathematics, amalgam spaces categorize functions with regard to their local and global behavior. While the concept of function spaces treating local and global behavior separately was already known earlier, Wiener amalgams, as the term is used today, were introduced by Hans Georg Feichtinger in 1980. The concept is named after Norbert Wiener Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and philosopher. He became a professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT). A child prodigy, Wiener late .... Let X be a normed space with norm \, \cdot \, _X . Then the ''Wiener amalgam space'' with local component X and global component L^p_m , a weighted L^p space with non-negative weight m , is defined by : W(X,L^p) = \left\, where g is a continuously differentiable, compactly supported function, such that \sum_ g(z-x) = 1 , for all z\in\mathbb^d . Again, the space defined is ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abstract Wiener Space
The concept of an abstract Wiener space is a mathematical construction developed by Leonard Gross to understand the structure of Gaussian measures on infinite-dimensional spaces. The construction emphasizes the fundamental role played by the Cameron–Martin space. The classical Wiener space is the prototypical example. The structure theorem for Gaussian measures states that all Gaussian measures can be represented by the abstract Wiener space construction. Motivation Let H be a real Hilbert space, assumed to be infinite dimensional and separable. In the physics literature, one frequently encounters integrals of the form :\frac\int_H f(v) e^ Dv, where Z is supposed to be a normalization constant and where Dv is supposed to be the non-existent Lebesgue measure on H. Such integrals arise, notably, in the context of the Euclidean path-integral formulation of quantum field theory. At a mathematical level, such an integral cannot be interpreted as integration against a measure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
