These are lists of incumbents (individuals holding offices or positions), including

heads of state A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "

he head of state He or HE may refer to: Language * He (letter), the fifth letter of the Semitic abjads * He (pronoun), a pronoun in Modern English * He (kana), one of the Japanese kana (へ in hiragana and ヘ in katakana) * Ge (Cyrillic), a Cyrillic letter cal ...

being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." The name given to the office of head of sta ...

s or of subnational entities. A historical discipline, archontology, focuses on the study of past and current office holders.

Incumbent The incumbent is the current holder of an office or position. In an election, the incumbent is the person holding or acting in the position that is up for election, regardless of whether they are seeking re-election. There may or may not be ...

s may also be found in the countries' articles ( main article and " politics of") and the list of national leaders, recent changes in 2024 in politics and government, and past leaders on state leaders by year and colonial governors by century. Various articles group lists by title, function or topic: e.g.

abdication Abdication is the act of formally relinquishing monarchical authority. Abdications have played various roles in the Order of succession, succession procedures of monarchies. While some cultures have viewed abdication as an extreme abandonment of ...

, assassinated persons,

cabinet (government) A cabinet in governing is a group of people with the constitutional or legal task to rule a country or state, or advise a head of state, usually from the executive branch. Their members are known as ministers and secretaries and they ar ...

chancellor Chancellor () is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the (lattice work screens) of a basilica (court hall), which separa ...

, ex-monarchs (20th century),

head of government In the Executive (government), executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presid ...

head of state A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "

being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." The name given to the office of head of sta ...

lieutenant governor A lieutenant governor, lieutenant-governor, or vice governor is a high officer of state, whose precise role and rank vary by jurisdiction. Often a lieutenant governor is the deputy, or lieutenant, to or ranked under a governor — a "second-in-comm ...

mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a Municipal corporation, municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilitie ...

, military commanders, minister (and

ministers by portfolio Minister may refer to: * Minister (Christianity), a Christian cleric ** Minister (Catholic Church) * Minister (government), a member of government who heads a ministry (government department) ** Minister without portfolio, a member of government w ...

below),

order of precedence An order of precedence is a sequential hierarchy of importance applied to individuals, groups, or organizations. For individuals, it is most often used for diplomats in attendance at very formal occasions. It can also be used in the context of ...

peerage A peerage is a legal system historically comprising various hereditary titles (and sometimes Life peer, non-hereditary titles) in a number of countries, and composed of assorted Imperial, royal and noble ranks, noble ranks. Peerages include: A ...

president President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...

prime minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...

, Reichstag participants (1792), secretary of state.

Heads of international organizations

President of the European Council The president of the European Council is the person presiding over and driving forward the work of the European Council on the world stage. This Institutions of the European Union, institution comprises the college of heads of state or governme ...

President of the European Commission The president of the European Commission, also known as president of the College of Commissioners is the Head of government, head of the European Commission, the Executive (government), executive branch of the European Union (EU). The president ...

Secretary-General of the United Nations The secretary-general of the United Nations (UNSG or UNSECGEN) is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations and head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the United Nations System#Six principal organs, six principal organs of ...

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people, and to assist in their voluntary repatriation, l ...

International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 191 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of las ...

managing directors *

Director-General of the World Trade Organization The director-general of the World Trade Organization is the officer of the World Trade Organization (WTO) responsible for supervising and directing the organization's administrative operations. Since the World Trade Organization's decisions are ...

Secretary General of NATO The secretary general of NATO is the chief civil servant of the NATO, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), an intergovernmental military alliance with 32 member states. The officeholder is an international diplomat responsible for coordinat ...

* FIFA presidents *

President of the International Olympic Committee The president of the International Olympic Committee is head of the executive board that assumes the general overall responsibility for the administration of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the management of its affairs. The IOC E ...

Heads of state or government

Africa

Eastern Africa

Burundi Burundi, officially the Republic of Burundi, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is located in the Great Rift Valley at the junction between the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa, with a population of over 14 million peop ...

: **

List of presidents of Burundi The president of Burundi is the head of state and head of government of the Burundi, Republic of Burundi. The president is also commander-in-chief of the Burundi National Defence Force, National Defence Force. The office of the presidency was ...

** Vice-Presidents of Burundi ** List of current Burundian governors *

Comoros The Comoros, officially the Union of the Comoros, is an archipelagic country made up of three islands in Southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city is Moroni, ...

: **

Heads of state A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "

being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." The name given to the office of head of sta ...

** Governor of Grande Comore *

Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. ...

: ** List of heads of state of Kenya ** Deputy Presidents of Kenya ** List of rulers of Wanga *

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

: ** List of presidents of Madagascar ** Prime Ministers of Madagascar ** Vice Presidents of Madagascar *

Malawi Malawi, officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast, and Mozambique to the east, south, and southwest. Malawi spans over and ...

** List of heads of state of Malawi ** Vice-Presidents of Malawi ** List of rulers of the Ngoni dynasty of Jere (Qeko) **

List of rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Maseko (Gomani) List of Rulers of the Ngoni people, Ngoni Dynasty of Maseko (Gomani) (Malawi): {, Term Incumbent Notes , - , colspan="3", Maseko Dynasty (Gomani Dynasty) , - , colspan="3", Inkosi ya makosi (Paramount chief) , - , ''?'' to 1832, , Ngwana, Inkos ...

Mauritius Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, about off the southeastern coast of East Africa, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island (also called Mauritius), as well as Rodrigues, Ag ...

** List of heads of state of Mauritius ** List of prime ministers of Mauritius *

Mozambique Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country located in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini and South Afr ...

** List of presidents of Mozambique ** List of prime ministers of Mozambique ** Vice-Presidents of Mauritius *

Rwanda Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by ...

List of presidents of Rwanda This article lists the presidents of Rwanda since the creation of the office in 1961 (during the Rwandan Revolution), to the present day. The president of Rwanda is the head of state and head of executive of the Republic of Rwanda. The presi ...

Prime Minister of Rwanda The prime minister of Rwanda is the head of government of the Republic of Rwanda. The prime minister is appointed by the List of presidents of Rwanda, president, along with other ministers in the Cabinet of Rwanda, Cabinet. A total of 11 people ...

** Vice Presidents of Rwanda *

Seychelles Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (; Seychellois Creole: ), is an island country and archipelagic state consisting of 155 islands (as per the Constitution) in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, Victoria, ...

** List of presidents of Seychelles ** Vice-President of Seychelles *

Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...

** List of heads of state of Tanzania ** List of prime ministers of Tanzania ** Vice-Presidents of Tanzania ** Presidents of Zanzibar ** List of heads of government of Zanzibar *

Uganda Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the ...

** List of heads of state of Uganda ** Prime Ministers of Uganda ** Vice Presidents of Uganda ** Kings of Buganda *

Zambia Zambia, officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa. It is typically referred to being in South-Central Africa or Southern Africa. It is bor ...

** Presidents of Zambia ** Vice-Presidents of Zambia *

Zimbabwe file:Zimbabwe, relief map.jpg, upright=1.22, Zimbabwe, relief map Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country in Southeast Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa to the south, Bots ...

** Presidents of Zimbabwe ** Vice-Presidents of Zimbabwe

Horn of Africa

Djibouti Djibouti, officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden to the east. The country has an area ...

: ** Lists of rulers of Djibouti ** List of prime ministers of Djibouti *

Eritrea Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa, with its capital and largest city being Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the Eritrea–Ethiopia border, south, Sudan in the west, and Dj ...

: ** List of heads of state of Eritrea *

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

: ** List of presidents of Ethiopia **

List of heads of government of Ethiopia This is a list of Head of government, heads of government of Ethiopia since the formation of the post of Chief Minister of the Ethiopian Empire in 1909 (renamed to Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Prime Minister in 1943). Since 1909, there have been ...

** Mudaito dynasty *

Somalia Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, th ...

: ** List of presidents of Somalia **

List of prime ministers of Somalia The prime minister of Somalia () is the head of government of Somalia. There have been 22 official prime ministers since the office was created in 1956. The first prime minister was Abdullahi Issa, who served prior to independence in the Trust ...

** List of speakers of the Parliament of Somalia *

Somaliland Somaliland, officially the Republic of Somaliland, is an List of states with limited recognition, unrecognised country in the Horn of Africa. It is located in the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden and bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, E ...

: **

List of presidents of Somaliland This is a list of presidents of the Republic of Somaliland, a ''de facto'' sovereign state in the Horn of Africa, considered internationally to be part of Somalia. The Somaliland, Republic of Somaliland regards itself as the succession of states ...

VIce Presidents of Somaliland A vice is a practice, behaviour, habit or item generally considered morally wrong in the associated society. In more minor usage, vice can refer to a fault, a negative character trait, a defect, an infirmity, or a bad or unhealthy habit. Vices ...

** List of presidents of Puntland ** Vice Presidents of Puntland

Middle Africa

Angola Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of c ...

** List of presidents of Angola ** List of prime ministers of Angola **

Vice Presidents of Angola A vice is a practice, behaviour, habit or item generally considered morally wrong in the associated society. In more minor usage, vice can refer to a fault, a negative character trait, a defect, an infirmity, or a bad or unhealthy habit. Vices ...

Cabinet of Angola The Cabinet of Angola is the chief executive body of the Republic of Angola. References External links governo.gov.ao (in Portuguese) {{Authority control Cabinet Angolan ministers Ministers Angola Angola, officially the R ...

Cameroon Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa. It shares boundaries with Nigeria to the west and north, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the R ...

List of presidents of Cameroon This is a list of presidents of Cameroon since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of two people have served as President of Cameroon. The current President of Cameroon is Paul Biya, since 6 Novembe ...

** List of prime ministers of Cameroon ** List of rulers of the Bamum *

Central African Republic The Central African Republic (CAR) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to Central African Republic–Chad border, the north, Sudan to Central African Republic–Sudan border, the northeast, South Sudan to Central ...

** List of heads of state of the Central African Republic ** List of heads of government of the Central African Republic *

Chad Chad, officially the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of North Africa, North and Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to Chad–Libya border, the north, Sudan to Chad–Sudan border, the east, the Central Afric ...

** List of heads of state of Chad ** List of prime ministers of Chad ** List of rulers of Bagirmi ** List of rulers of Wadai * Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Zaire/'Congo-Kinshasa') ** List of presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo **

List of prime ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo This is a list of Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, prime ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville), Republic of the Congo and Zaire) since the country's independ ...

** List of kings of Kuba ** List of rulers of the Lunda Empire * Congo, Republic of the (Congo-Brazzaville) ** List of presidents of the Republic of the Congo ** List of prime ministers of the Republic of the Congo *

Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea, officially the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. It has an area of . Formerly the colony of Spanish Guinea, its post-independence name refers to its location both near the Equ ...

** List of presidents of Equatorial Guinea ** List of prime ministers of Equatorial Guinea *

Gabon Gabon ( ; ), officially the Gabonese Republic (), is a country on the Atlantic coast of Central Africa, on the equator, bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, the Republic of the Congo to the east and south, and ...

** Presidents of Gabon ** Prime Ministers of Gabon *

São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is an island country in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two archipelagos around the two main isla ...

** List of presidents of São Tomé and Príncipe ** List of prime ministers of São Tomé and Príncipe ** List of presidents of the Regional Government of Príncipe

Northern Africa

Algeria Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to Algeria–Tunisia border, the northeast by Tunisia; to Algeria–Libya border, the east by Libya; to Alger ...

** List of heads of state of Algeria ** List of heads of government of Algeria *

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

** List of presidents of Egypt **

List of prime ministers of Egypt The office of Prime Minister of Egypt was established in 1878, together with the Cabinet of Egypt, after Khedive Isma'il Pasha agreed to turn his powers over to a cabinet of ministers modeled after those of Europe. Nubar Pasha was thus th ...

Libya Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya border, the east, Sudan to Libya–Sudan border, the southeast, Chad to Chad–L ...

List of heads of state of Libya This article lists the Head of state, heads of state of Libya since the country's Independence of Libya, independence in 1951. Libya has been in a tumultuous state since the start of the Arab Spring-related Libyan crisis (2011–present), Lib ...

List of heads of government of Libya This article lists the Head of government, heads of government of Libya since the country's Independence of Libya, independence in 1951. Libya has been in a tumultuous state since the start of the Arab Spring-related Libyan crisis (2011–pre ...

Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...

List of rulers of Morocco This is a list of rulers of Morocco since 789. The common and formal titles of these rulers has varied, depending on the time period. Since 1957, the designation King has been used. The present King of Morocco is Mohammed VI of the Alawi dyna ...

** List of heads of government of Morocco **

Cabinet of Morocco The Cabinet of Morocco is the chief executive body of the Morocco, Kingdom of Morocco. The Cabinet is composed of some 24 ministers including 5 "Minister Delegates". It is headed by the Prime Minister of Morocco, Prime Minister since August 2011, ...

Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic The prime minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of government of the partially recognized Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), a government in exile based in the Sahrawi refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria ...

President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic The president of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is the head of state of the partially recognized Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), a government in exile based in the Sahrawi refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria. From the declara ...

Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi ...

List of heads of state of Sudan This article lists the Head of state, heads of state of Sudan since the country's History of Sudan#Independent Sudan (1956 to present), independence in 1956. History of the office Since independence was proclaimed on 1 January 1956, six indiv ...

List of heads of government of Sudan This article lists the Head of government, heads of government of Sudan, from the establishment of the office of Chief Minister in 1952 until the present day. The office of prime minister was abolished after the 1989 Sudanese coup d'état, 1 ...

** Vice Presidents of Sudan *

South Sudan South Sudan (), officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the north by Sudan; on the east by Ethiopia; on the south by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Kenya; and on the ...

** List of heads of state of South Sudan ** Vice Presidents of South Sudan *

Tunisia Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia also shares m ...

** List of presidents of Tunisia ** List of prime ministers of Tunisia

Southern Africa

Botswana Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory part of the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the sou ...

** Presidents of Botswana ** List of rulers of Lete (Malete) ** List of rulers of Ngwaketse ** List of rulers of Ngwato (Mangwato) ** List of rulers of Rolong ** List of rulers of Tawana ** List of rulers of Tlôkwa *

Eswatini Eswatini, formally the Kingdom of Eswatini, also known by its former official names Swaziland and the Kingdom of Swaziland, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. It is bordered by South Africa on all sides except the northeast, where i ...

** List of monarchs of Eswatini ** List of prime ministers of Eswatini *

Lesotho Lesotho, formally the Kingdom of Lesotho and formerly known as Basutoland, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Entirely surrounded by South Africa, it is the largest of only three sovereign enclave and exclave, enclaves in the world, t ...

** Kings of Lesotho ** List of prime ministers of Lesotho *

Namibia Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country on the west coast of Southern Africa. Its borders include the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south; in the no ...

** Presidents of Namibia ** Prime ministers of Namibia *

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic O ...

** List of Bhaca kings ** List of Hlubi kings ** List of Mpondo kigns ** List of AmaMpondomise kings ** List of Ama-Ndebele kings ** List of Thembu kings **

Xhosa people The Xhosa people ( , ; ) are a Bantu peoples, Bantu ethnic group that migrated over centuries into Southern Africa eventually settling in South Africa. They are the second largest ethnic group in South Africa and are native speakers of the Xho ...

*** List of Xhosa kings *** List of Xhosa chiefs **

List of Zulu kings This is a list of the monarchs of the Zulu nation, including chieftains and kings of the Zulu royal family from their earliest known history up to the present time. Pre-Zulu The Zulu King lineage stretches to as far as Luzumana, who is be ...

** List of heads of state of South Africa ** List of current premiers of South Africa

Western Africa

Benin Benin, officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It was formerly known as Dahomey. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, Burkina Faso to the north-west, and Niger to the north-east. The majority of its po ...

** List of presidents of Benin **

Fon people The Fon people, also called Dahomeans, Fon nu, Agadja and historically called Jeji (Djedji) by the Yoruba in the South American diaspora and in colonial French literature are a Gbe ethnic group.

***

Kings of Dahomey The King of Dahomey (''Ahosu'' in the Fon language) was the ruler of Dahomey, a West African List of kingdoms in Africa throughout history, kingdom in the southern part of present-day Benin, which lasted from 1600 until 1900 when the French Third ...

*** List of rulers of the Fon state of Alada *** List of rulers of the Fon state of Savi Hweda ** List of rulers of the Mahi state of Savalu **

Yoruba people The Yoruba people ( ; , , ) are a West African ethnic group who inhabit parts of Nigeria, Benin, and Togo, which are collectively referred to as Yorubaland. The Yoruba constitute more than 50 million people in Africa, are over a million outsid ...

*** List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Dassa *** List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Ketu *** List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Sabe *

Burkina Faso Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa, bordered by Mali to the northwest, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Ivory Coast to the southwest. It covers an area of 274,223 km2 (105,87 ...

** List of heads of state of Burkina Faso **

List of prime ministers of Burkina Faso This is a list of prime ministers of Burkina Faso since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of the Republic of Upper Volta in 1971 to the present day. A total of fifteen people have served as Prime Minister of Upper Volta/Burkina Faso ...

** List of rulers of Liptako **

Mossi people The Mossi or Mosi are a Gur languages, Gur ethnic group native to modern Burkina Faso, primarily the Volta River basin. The Mossi are the largest ethnic group in Burkina Faso, constituting 52% of the population, or about 11.1 million people. The ...

*** List of rulers of the Mossi state of Tenkodogo *** List of rulers of Wogodogo *** List of rulers of the Mossi state of Yatenga *** List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilayanga *** List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilanga *** List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Con *** List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Macakoali *** List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Nungu *** List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Piela *

Cape Verde Cape Verde or Cabo Verde, officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country and archipelagic state of West Africa in the central Atlantic Ocean, consisting of ten volcanic islands with a combined land area of about . These islands ...

** List of presidents of Cape Verde ** List of prime ministers of Cape Verde *

Ivory Coast Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire and officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital city of Yamoussoukro is located in the centre of the country, while its largest List of ci ...

List of heads of state of Ivory Coast This article lists the heads of state of Ivory Coast, officially the Ivory Coast, Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, since the country gained independence from France in 1960. Alassane Ouattara has been serving as President of Ivory Coast since 4 Dec ...

** Prime Ministers of the Gambia *

The Gambia The Gambia, officially the Republic of The Gambia, is a country in West Africa. Geographically, The Gambia is the List of African countries by area, smallest country in continental Africa; it is surrounded by Senegal on all sides except for ...

List of heads of state of the Gambia This is a list of the heads of state of The Gambia, from the independence of The Gambia in 1965 to the present day. From 1965 to 1970 the head of state under the Constitution of the Gambia, Constitution of 1965 was the queen of the Gambia, El ...

** Heads of government of the Gambia ** Colonial Heads of the Gambia *

Ghana Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It is situated along the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, and shares borders with Côte d’Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, and Togo to t ...

** List of heads of state of Ghana **

Akan people The Akan () people are a kwa languages, Kwa group living primarily in present-day Ghana and in parts of Ivory Coast and Togo in West Africa. The Akan speak languages within the Central Tano languages, Central Tano branch of the Potou–Tano la ...

*** List of rulers of the Akan state of Adanse *** List of rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem *** Akuapem Anafo *** List of rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem Guan *** List of rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem Okere *** List of rulers of the Akan state of Akyem Abuakwa *** List of rulers of the Akan state of Akyem Bosume ***

List of rulers of the Akan state of Akyem Kotoku This is a list of rulers of the Akan (ethnic group), Akan state of Akyem Kotoku. See also

*Akan people *Ghana *Gold Coast (British colony), Gold Coast *Lists of incumbents {{DEFAULTSORT:Akan State of Akyem Kotoku, Rulers Government of G ...

***

List of rulers of Asante The is the title for the monarch of the historical Ashanti Empire as well as the Chieftaincy institution (Ghana), ceremonial ruler of the Ashanti people today. The Ashanti royal house traces its line to the Oyoko (clan), Oyoko (an ''Abusua'', ...

*** List of rulers of the Akan state of Assin Apimenem *** List of rulers of the Akan state of Assin Atadanso ***

List of rulers of the Akan state of Bono-Tekyiman List of Rulers of the Akan (ethnic group), Akan state of Bono state, Bono-Tekyiman Bonoman (Bono State) Kings“The divine kingship in Ghana and ancient Egypt” of Mrs Eva Lewin-Richter Meyerowitz. 1960. 49a Redcliffe Road, London S.W. 10. ...

*** List of rulers of the Akan state of Denkyira *** List of rulers of the Akan state of Dwaben *** List of rulers of the Adangbe state of Manya Krobo **

Ewe people The Ewe people (; , lit. "Ewe people"; or ''Mono Kple Amu (Volta) Tɔ́sisiwo Dome'', lit. "Between the Rivers Mono and Volta"; ''Eʋenyígbá'' Eweland) are a Gbe languages, Gbe-speaking ethnic group. The largest population of Ewe people is in G ...

*** List of rulers of the Ewe state of Anlo *** List of rulers of the Ewe state of Peki ** List of rulers of Gã (Nkran) **Northern states ***

List of kings of Dagbon This is a tree of the monarchs of the traditional Kingdom of Dagbon, the kingdom of the Dagomba people, located in northern Ghana. The term ''Yaa-Naa'' means "king of strength/power" in the Dagbanli language. It was adopted by king (''Naa'') Shi ...

*** List of rulers of the Northern state of Gonja *** Rulers of the Mamprusi people *** List of rulers of Nanumba *

Guinea Guinea, officially the Republic of Guinea, is a coastal country in West Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Guinea-Bissau to the northwest, Senegal to the north, Mali to the northeast, Côte d'Ivoire to the southeast, and Sier ...

** List of presidents of Guinea ** List of prime ministers of Guinea *

Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau, officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, is a country in West Africa that covers with an estimated population of 2,026,778. It borders Senegal to Guinea-Bissau–Senegal border, its north and Guinea to Guinea–Guinea-Bissau b ...

** List of presidents of Guinea-Bissau ** List of prime ministers of Guinea-Bissau *

Liberia Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to Liberia–Sierra Leone border, its northwest, Guinea to Guinea–Liberia border, its north, Ivory Coast to Ivory Coast–Lib ...

** President of Liberia#List of officeholders *

Mali Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It is the List of African countries by area, eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of over . The country is bordered to the north by Algeria, to the east b ...

List of heads of state of Mali This is a list of heads of state of Mali since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of seven people have served as head of state of Mali (excluding three acting presidents). Additionally, two people, ...

List of prime ministers of Mali This is a list of prime ministers of Mali since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. The prime minister heads the Council of Ministers of Mali, Council of Ministers. A total of seventeen people have served as ...

Mauritania Mauritania, officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a sovereign country in Maghreb, Northwest Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara to Mauritania–Western Sahara border, the north and northwest, ...

List of heads of state of Mauritania This is a list of Head of state, heads of state of Mauritania since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of nine people have served as head of state of Mauritania (not counting one acting president). ...

** List of prime ministers of Mauritania *

Niger Niger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It is a unitary state Geography of Niger#Political geography, bordered by Libya to the Libya–Niger border, north-east, Chad to the Chad–Niger border, east ...

List of heads of state of Niger This is a list of heads of state of Niger since the country gained independence from France in 1960 to the present day. A total of eleven people (not counting one acting) have served as head of state of Niger, all of them men and six of them m ...

** List of prime ministers of Niger *

Nigeria Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south. It covers an area of . With Demographics of Nigeria, ...

List of heads of state of Nigeria The president of Nigeria is the head of state and head of government of Nigeria, directly elected to a four-year term. Under the Nigerian Constitution, the officeholder leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the command ...

List of sultans of Sokoto The sultan of Sokoto is the hereditary leader of the Sokoto Caliphate, a Sunni Muslim community in West Africa. The position may also be referred to as the 'Sokoto Caliph' or the "Commander of the Faithful" ('' Amir-ul-Momineen'' in Arabic or '' L ...

Senegal Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country in West Africa, situated on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. It borders Mauritania to Mauritania–Senegal border, the north, Mali to Mali–Senegal border, the east, Guinea t ...

President of Senegal The president of Senegal () is the head of state of Senegal. In accordance with the 2001 Senegalese constitutional referendum, constitutional reform of 2001 and since a 2016 Senegalese constitutional referendum, referendum that took place on 20 ...

Sierra Leone Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. It is bordered to the southeast by Liberia and by Guinea to the north. Sierra Leone's land area is . It has a tropical climate and envi ...

** List of heads of state of Sierra Leone **

List of heads of government of Sierra Leone This is a list of heads of government of Sierra Leone, from the establishment of the office of Chief Minister in 1954 until the present day. The office of Prime Minister was abolished after the 1978 Sierra Leonean constitutional referendum, co ...

Togo Togo, officially the Togolese Republic, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to Ghana–Togo border, the west, Benin to Benin–Togo border, the east and Burkina Faso to Burkina Faso–Togo border, the north. It is one of the le ...

** List of presidents of Togo ** List of prime ministers of Togo

Americas

Caribbean

Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda is a Sovereign state, sovereign archipelagic country composed of Antigua, Barbuda, and List of islands of Antigua and Barbuda, numerous other small islands. Antigua and Barbuda has a total area of 440 km2 (170 sq mi), ...

** Governor-Generals of Antigua and Barbuda ** List of prime ministers of Antigua and Barbuda *

Bahamas The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an archipelagic and island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the Atlantic Ocean. It contains 97 per cent of the archipelago's land area and 88 per cent of its population. ...

** Governors-General of the Bahamas **

List of heads of government of the Bahamas The prime minister of the Bahamas is the head of government of the Bahamas. The prime minister is formally appointed into office by the Governor-General of the Bahamas, governor-general of the Bahamas, who represents Charles III, the monarchy ...

** Colonial heads of the Bahamas *

Barbados Barbados, officially the Republic of Barbados, is an island country in the Atlantic Ocean. It is part of the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies and the easternmost island of the Caribbean region. It lies on the boundary of the South American ...

** List of heads of state of Barbados ** List of prime ministers of Barbados *

Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...

** First secretaries of the Communist Party of Cuba ** List of heads of state of Cuba ** List of heads of government of Cuba *

Dominica Dominica, officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Caribbean. It is part of the Windward Islands chain in the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea. The capital, Roseau, is located on the western side of t ...

List of presidents of Dominica The president of Dominica is the head of state under the system implemented by the Constitution of 1978, the year of Dominica's independence. The current president is Sylvanie Burton, since 2 October 2023. List of officeholders Source: ;Pol ...

List of heads of government of Dominica A list is a set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of the list-maker, but ...

Dominican Republic The Dominican Republic is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean. It shares a Maritime boundary, maritime border with Puerto Rico to the east and ...

List of presidents of the Dominican Republic Since independence in 1844, the Dominican Republic has counted 54 people in the President of the Dominican Republic, presidential office, whether constitutional, provisional, or interim, divided into 66 periods of government. Likewise, there ...

Grenada Grenada is an island country of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea. The southernmost of the Windward Islands, Grenada is directly south of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and about north of Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad and the So ...

** Governor-generals of Grenada **

List of heads of government of Grenada This is a list of heads of government of Grenada, from the establishment of the office of the chief minister in 1960 to the present day. List of officeholders ;Political parties ;Other affiliations ;Symbols Died in office Chief minis ...

Haiti Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti, is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of the Bahamas. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican ...

** List of heads of state of Haiti *

Jamaica Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. At , it is the third-largest island—after Cuba and Hispaniola—of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, west of Hispaniola (the is ...

** Governor-General of Jamaica#List of governors-general of Jamaica **

Prime ministers of Jamaica A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...

Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis, officially the Federation of Saint Christopher (St Kitts) and Nevis, is an island country consisting of the two islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis, both located in the West Indies, in the Leeward Islands chain of the Less ...

** Governor-generals of Saint Kitts and Nevis ** List of prime ministers of Saint Kitts and Nevis ** Premiers of Nevis *

Saint Lucia Saint Lucia is an island country of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean. Part of the Windward Islands of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the island of Saint Vincent (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Saint Vincent ...

** Governors-general of Saint Lucia ** List of prime ministers of Saint Lucia *

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, sometimes known simply as Saint Vincent or SVG, is an island country in the eastern Caribbean. It is located in the southeast Windward Islands of the Lesser Antilles, which lie in the West Indies, at the south ...

** Governor-generals of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines **

List of prime ministers of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines This article contains a list of prime ministers of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. Constitutional basis The office of prime minister is established by section 51 of the country's constitution, which provides that the governor-general shall a ...

Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago, officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean, comprising the main islands of Trinidad and Tobago, along with several List of islands of Trinidad and Tobago, smaller i ...

List of heads of state of Trinidad and Tobago This is a list of the heads of state of Trinidad and Tobago, from the independence of Trinidad and Tobago in 1962 to the present day. From 1962 to 1976, the head of state under the Trinidad and Tobago Independence Act 1962 was the queen of Tri ...

List of prime ministers of Trinidad and Tobago The prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago is the head of the executive branch of government in Trinidad and Tobago. Following a general election, which takes place every five years, the president appoints as prime minister the person who has t ...

Central America

Belize Belize is a country on the north-eastern coast of Central America. It is bordered by Mexico to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Guatemala to the west and south. It also shares a maritime boundary with Honduras to the southeast. P ...

** Governors-general of Belize ** Prime ministers of Belize *

Costa Rica Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America. It borders Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, as well as Maritime bo ...

** List of presidents of Costa Rica ** List of presidents of the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica ** List of presidents of the Supreme Court of Costa Rica *

El Salvador El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador, is a country in Central America. It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras, on the northwest by Guatemala, and on the south by the Pacific Ocean. El Salvador's capital and largest city is S ...

** Presidents of El Salvador *

Guatemala Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically b ...

** Presidents of Guatemala *

Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, ...

** List of presidents of Honduras *

Nicaragua Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America aft ...

** Heads of state of Nicaragua *

Panama Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and ...

List of heads of state of Panama This article lists the heads of state of Panama since the short-lived first independence from the Republic of New Granada in 1840 and the final separation from Colombia in 1903. Since 1904 the head of state of Panama has been the President of ...

** Vice President of Panama

North America

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

** Office-holders of Canada *

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

** List of heads of state of Mexico *

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

** Office-holders of the United States

South America

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

** List of heads of state of Argentina *

Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...

** List of presidents of Bolivia *

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

** Presidents of Brazil *** Governors of Distrito Federal *** Governors of Minas Gerais **** Mayors of Belo Horizonte *** Governors of Rio de Janeiro **** Mayors of Rio de Janeiro *** Governors of São Paulo *

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...

Presidents of Chile The president of Chile (), officially the president of the Republic of Chile (), is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Chile. The president is responsible for both Government of Chile, government administration and s ...

*** Governors of Cardenal Caro **** Mayors of Pichilemu **

Kings of Easter Island Easter Island was traditionally ruled by a monarchy, with a king as its leader. First paramount chief The legendary, first chief of Easter Island is said to have been Hotu Matuꞌa, whose arrival has been dated in the 4th, 6th or 9th century ...

Colombia Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with Insular region of Colombia, insular regions in North America. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuel ...

** Presidents of Colombia *** List of governors of Quindío Department *

Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...

Presidents of Ecuador The president of Ecuador (), officially called the constitutional president of the Republic of Ecuador (), serves as the head of state and head of government of Ecuador. It is the highest political office in the country as the head of the exec ...

Guyana Guyana, officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern coast of South America, part of the historic British West Indies. entry "Guyana" Georgetown, Guyana, Georgetown is the capital of Guyana and is also the co ...

** Governors-general of Guyana ** Presidents of Guyana ** Prime ministers of Guyana *

Paraguay Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the Argentina–Paraguay border, south and southwest, Brazil to the Brazil–Paraguay border, east and northeast, and Boli ...

** Presidents of Paraguay *

Peru Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pac ...

** Presidents of Peru *

Suriname Suriname, officially the Republic of Suriname, is a country in northern South America, also considered as part of the Caribbean and the West Indies. It is a developing country with a Human Development Index, high level of human development; i ...

** Presidents of Suriname *

Uruguay Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the A ...

** Presidents of Uruguay *

Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...

Presidents of Venezuela President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...

Asia

Central Asia

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...

** Presidents of Kazakhstan *

Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir Mountains, Pamir mountain ranges. Bishkek is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Kyrgyzstan, largest city. Kyrgyz ...

** Presidents of Kyrgyzstan *

Tajikistan Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is the capital city, capital and most populous city. Tajikistan borders Afghanistan to the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border, south, Uzbekistan to ...

** Presidents of Tajikistan *

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ash ...

** Presidents of Turkmenistan *

Uzbekistan , image_flag = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg , image_coat = Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg , symbol_type = Emblem of Uzbekistan, Emblem , national_anthem = "State Anthem of Uzbekistan, State Anthem of the Republ ...

Presidents of Uzbekistan President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *''Præsidenten ...

Eastern Asia

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

(PRC) **

General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party The general secretary of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party ( zh, s=中国共产党中央委员会总书记, p=Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Wěiyuánhuì Zǒngshūjì) is the leader of the Chinese Communist Part ...

(

paramount leader Paramount leader () is an informal term for the most important Supreme leader, political figure in the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). The paramount leader typically controls the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Liberatio ...

) **

President of the People's Republic of China The president of China, officially the president of the People's Republic of China, is the List of state representatives of the People's Republic of China, state representative of the China, People's Republic of China. On its own, it is a Fig ...

Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China The premier of China, officially the Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, is the head of government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and leader of the State Council. This post was established in 1911 near the e ...

Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress The chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is the Speaker (politics), presiding officer of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC), which is the permanent body of the National People's Cong ...

** Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference **

Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), officially the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) an ...

Hong Kong Hong Kong)., Legally Hong Kong, China in international treaties and organizations. is a special administrative region of China. With 7.5 million residents in a territory, Hong Kong is the fourth most densely populated region in the wor ...

***

Governor of Hong Kong The governor of Hong Kong was the representative of the United Kingdom, British The Crown, Crown in British Hong Kong, Hong Kong from 1843 to 1997. In this capacity, the governor was president of the Executive Council of Hong Kong, Executiv ...

(under British rule, now replaced by Chief Executive) ***

Chief Executive of Hong Kong The chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is the representative of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and head of the Government of Hong Kong. The position was created to replace the office of Governor of ...

Macau Macau or Macao is a special administrative regions of China, special administrative region of the People's Republic of China (PRC). With a population of about people and a land area of , it is the most List of countries and dependencies by p ...

***

Governor of Macau The governor of Macau (; ) was a Portugal, Portuguese colonial official who headed the Portuguese Empire, colony of Portuguese Macau, Macau, before 1623 called captain-major (). The post was replaced on 20 December 1999 upon the handover of M ...

(under Portuguese rule, now replaced by Chief Executive) ***

Chief Executive of Macau The chief executive of the Macao Special Administrative Region (; ) is the head of government of Macau, a special administrative region of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. W ...

Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are other ethnic groups s ...

*** List of imperial ambans in Tibet *

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

(Taiwan) **

President of the Republic of China The president of the Republic of China, also known as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Taiwan, Republic of China (Taiwan), as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. Republic of China (1912– ...

Premier of the Republic of China The premier of the Republic of China, officially the premier of the Executive Yuan ( zh, 行政院院長), is the head of government of Taiwan and leader of the Executive Yuan. The premier is nominally the principal advisor to the President ...

**Governors and chairpersons of Taiwan, see ''

Taiwan Province Taiwan Province ( zh, t=臺灣省 , p=Táiwān Shěng , poj=Tâi-oân-séng; PFS: ''Thòi-vàn-sén'' or ''Thòi-vân-sén'') is a ''de jure'' administrative division of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Provinces remain a titular division as ...

'' *

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

** List of rulers of Japan (emperors, regents, shōguns and prime ministers) ** List of prime ministers of Japan *

Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...

List of heads of state of Mongolia The Constitution of Mongolia adopted in 1992 states that the President of Mongolia is the "head of state and embodiment of the unity of the Mongols, Mongolian people". Mongolia declared its independence from the Qing dynasty during the Mongoli ...

** List of prime ministers of Mongolia *

North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu River, Yalu (Amnok) an ...

First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea The General Secretary and Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea is a member of the Secretariat of the Workers' Party of Korea, which is headed by a General Secretary (the name of this office has changed throughout North Korean history). General ...

(

supreme leader A supreme leader or supreme ruler typically refers to powerful figures with an unchallenged authority, such as autocrats, dictators to spiritual and revolutionary leaders. Historic examples are Adolf Hitler () of Nazi Germany, Francisco ...

) ** Heads of state of North Korea ** Premiers of North Korea *

South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone, with the Yellow Sea to the west and t ...

** Presidents of South Korea ** Prime ministers of South Korea

Southeastern Asia

Brunei Brunei, officially Brunei Darussalam, is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. Apart from its coastline on the South China Sea, it is completely surrounded by the Malaysian state of Sarawak, with ...

List of sultans of Brunei The Sultan of Brunei is the monarchical head of state of Brunei and head of government in his capacity as prime minister of Brunei. Since independence from the United Kingdom, British in 1984, only one sultan has reigned, though the royal instit ...

Cambodia Cambodia, officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. It is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the north, and Vietnam to the east, and has a coastline ...

List of heads of state of Cambodia This is a list of Head of state, heads of state of Cambodia from the accession of Monarchy of Cambodia, King Norodom of Cambodia, Norodom on 19 October 1860 to the present day. It lists various heads of state which served in the Modern Cambodia, ...

** List of prime ministers of Cambodia *

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

** Presidents of Indonesia ** Vice Presidents of Indonesia *

Laos Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and ...

General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party is the office of the highest-ranking member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). Since the party's takeover in 1975, its leader has been the supreme lea ...

(''de facto'' leader) ** Presidents of Laos ** Prime ministers of Laos *

Malaysia Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and thre ...

Yang di-Pertuan Agong The King of Malaysia, officially ''Yang di-Pertuan Agong'' ( Jawi alphabet, Jawi: ), is the constitutional monarch and Figurehead, ceremonial head of state of Malaysia. The office was established in 1957, when the Federation of Malaya gained ...

** Prime ministers of Malaysia *

Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...

** Kings of Myanmar ** Presidents of Myanmar ** Prime ministers of Myanmar **

State Counsellor of Myanmar The State Counsellor of Myanmar () was the ''de facto'' head of government of Myanmar, equivalent to a prime minister, from 2016 to 2021. The office was created in 2016 after Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy won the 2015 Myanmar ...

Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...

Presidents of the Philippines Under the Constitution of the Philippines, the president of the Philippines () is both the head of state and head of government, government, and serves as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, country's armed forces. Th ...

** List of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines *

Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ...

President of Singapore The president of the Republic of Singapore, is the head of state of Singapore. The president represents the country in official diplomatic functions and possesses certain executive powers over the government of Singapore, including the contro ...

Prime Minister of Singapore The prime minister of Singapore, is the head of government of Singapore. The President of Singapore, president appoints the prime minister on the advice and consent of the Cabinet of Singapore. The incumbent prime minister is Lawrence Wong, ...

Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...

** Kings of Thailand **

Chakri dynasty The Chakri dynasty is the current reigning dynasty of the Thailand, Kingdom of Thailand. The head of the house is the Monarchy of Thailand, king, who is head of state. The family has ruled Thailand since the founding of the Rattanakosin era and ...

**Kings of Ayutthaya, see ''

Ayutthaya kingdom The Ayutthaya Kingdom or the Empire of Ayutthaya was a Thai people, Thai kingdom that existed in Southeast Asia from 1351 to 1767, centered around the city of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city), Ayutthaya, in Siam, or present-day Thailand. Europe ...

'' **Kings of Haripunchai, see '' Haripunchai'' **Kings of Lanna, see ''

Lanna The Lan Na kingdom or the Kingdom of Lanna (, , "Kingdom of a Million Rice Fields"; , , ), also known as Lannathai, was an Indianized state centered in present-day Northern Thailand from the 13th to the 18th centuries. The cultural developme ...

'' **Kings of Sukhothai, see ''

Sukhothai kingdom The Sukhothai Kingdom was a post-classical Siamese kingdom (Mandala (political model), ''maṇḍala'') in Mainland Southeast Asia surrounding the ancient capital city of Sukhothai Historical Park, Sukhothai in present-day north-central Thaila ...

'' ** Prime ministers of Thailand ** Presidents of the National Assembly of Thailand ** Leaders of the Opposition of Thailand **

Governors of Bangkok A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the type of political region or polity, a ''governor'' may ...

Timor-Leste Timor-Leste, also known as East Timor, officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is a country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the coastal exclave of Oecusse in the island's northwest, and ...

** Presidents of Timor-Leste ** Prime ministers of Timor-Leste *

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

** Vietnamese dynasties ** Kings of Vietnam **

General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam The general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee (), simply and informally the party general secretary or just general secretary (, TBT), is the contemporary title for the holder of the highest office within the Commu ...

(''de facto'' leader) **

President of Vietnam The president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam () is the head of state of Vietnam, elected by the National Assembly of Vietnam from its delegates. Since Vietnam is a one-party state, candidates for the post are nominated by the Central Commit ...

Prime Minister of Vietnam The prime minister of Vietnam () is the head of government of Vietnam who presides over the meetings of the Government (formerly the Council of Ministers). The prime minister directs the work of government members, and may propose deputy prime ...

** Chairman of National Assembly of Vietnam ** Chief Justice of Vietnam

South Asia

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...

** Afghan Transitional Administration personnel ** Leaders of Afghanistan ** Prime ministers of Afghanistan *** Rulers of Kabul *** Rulers of Herat *** Rulers of Kandahar *** Rulers of Peshawar *** Rulers of Ghazni **Ghaznavid emperors, see ''

Ghaznavid Empire The Ghaznavid dynasty ( ''Ġaznaviyān'') was a Persianate Muslim dynasty of Turkic peoples, Turkic ''mamluk'' origin. It ruled the Ghaznavid Empire or the Empire of Ghazni from 977 to 1186, which at its greatest extent, extended from the Oxus ...

'' ** Kabul Shahi dynasty *** Turk Shahi dynasty *** Hindu Shahi dynasty *

Bangladesh Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eighth-most populous country in the world and among the List of countries and dependencies by ...

** Presidents of Bangladesh **

Prime ministers of Bangladesh A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a Product (mathematics), product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime ...

Bhutan Bhutan, officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked country in South Asia, in the Eastern Himalayas between China to the north and northwest and India to the south and southeast. With a population of over 727,145 and a territory of , ...

** Kings of Bhutan ** Prime ministers of Bhutan *

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

*: **

List of Indian monarchs This article is a list of the various dynasties and monarchs that have ruled in the Indian subcontinent and it is one of several lists of incumbents. The earliest Indian rulers are known from epigraphical sources found in archeological ins ...

** List of head of states of India ** List of prime ministers of India ** Governors, lieutenant governors and administrators of Indian states and union territories ** Chief ministers of Indian states *

Maldives The Maldives, officially the Republic of Maldives, and historically known as the Maldive Islands, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in South Asia located in the Indian Ocean. The Maldives is southwest of Sri Lanka and India, abou ...

Sultans of the Maldives Sultan (; ', ) is a position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be use ...

Presidents of the Maldives The President of the Maldives is the head of state and head of government of the Maldives, Republic of the Maldives. The president is directly elected by the citizens of the country through a popular vote for a five–year term. He is the com ...

** List of heads of state of the Maldives ** List of vice presidents of the Maldives *

Nepal Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China Ch ...

** List of monarchs of Nepal ** Prime ministers of Nepal *

Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...

** Presidents of Pakistan **

Prime ministers of Pakistan The prime minister of Pakistan (, Roman Urdu, romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam , ) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and his chosen Cabinet of Pakistan, cabinet, desp ...

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...

** Presidents of Sri Lanka ** Prime ministers of Sri Lanka

Western Asia

Armenia Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to ...

** Kings of Urartu ** List of Armenian monarchs ** Kings of Kommagene **

Shaddadid The Shaddadids were a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin. who ruled in various parts of Armenia and Arran from 951 to 1199 AD. They were established in Dvin. Through their long tenure in Armenia, they often intermarried with the Bagratuni ...

dynasty ** President of Armenia **

Prime Minister of Armenia The prime minister of Armenia () is the head of government and most senior minister within the Government of Armenia, Armenian government, and is required by the constitution to "determine the main directions of policy of the Government, manage ...

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by ...

** Arsacid dynasty of Caucasian Albania ** Mihranids ** Presidents of Azerbaijan ** Prime ministers of Azerbaijan ** Presidents of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic *

Bahrain Bahrain, officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country in West Asia. Situated on the Persian Gulf, it comprises a small archipelago of 50 natural islands and an additional 33 artificial islands, centered on Bahrain Island, which mak ...

** Monarchs of Bahrain *

Cyprus Cyprus (), officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Situated in West Asia, its cultural identity and geopolitical orientation are overwhelmingly Southeast European. Cyprus is the List of isl ...

Kings of Cyprus The Kingdom of Cyprus (; ) was a medieval kingdom of the Crusader states that existed between 1192 and 1489. Initially ruled as an independent Christian kingdom, it was established by the French House of Lusignan after the Third Crusade. It c ...

***

Officers of the Kingdom of Cyprus The Kingdom of Cyprus, as an offshoot of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, maintained many of the same offices, such as: seneschal, constable, marshal, admiral, Chamberlain, and chancellor. The Officers of the Kingdom of Cyprus from its founding were: ...

** Presidents of Cyprus ** Presidents of Northern Cyprus ** Prime ministers of Northern Cyprus *

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

** Lists of Georgian monarchs **

Colchis In classical antiquity and Greco-Roman geography, Colchis (; ) was an exonym for the Georgian polity of Egrisi ( ka, ეგრისი) located on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, centered in present-day western Georgia. Its population, the ...

** Kingdom of Abkhazia *** Divan of the Abkhazian Kings ** List of sovereigns of Kakheti ** Kingdom of Imereti ***

Gurieli The House of Gurieli () was a Georgia (country), Georgian princely (''mtavari'') family and a ruling dynasty (dukes) of the southwestern Georgian province of Guria, which was autonomous and later, for a few centuries, independent. A few ducal ru ...

** Emirs of Tbilisi ** List of leaders of Georgia **

Prime Minister of Georgia The prime minister of Georgia ( ka, საქართველოს პრემიერ-მინისტრი, tr) is the head of government and chief executive of Georgia (country), Georgia. In Georgia, the President of Georgia, presi ...

** Chairman of the Government of Adjara ** Presidents of Abkhazia ** Prime ministers of Abkhazia **

Presidents of South Ossetia The president of the Republic of South Ossetia (, ) is the ''de facto'' head of state of the International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, partially recognized South Ossetia, Republic of South Ossetia that is ''de jure'' part of Geor ...

** Prime ministers of South Ossetia *

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

List of heads of state of Iran This article lists the heads of state of Iran since the establishment of the modern Iranian nation-state in 1501 AD. Heads of State of Iran Timeline See also * List of monarchs of Persia * List of premiers of Iran (1699–1907) * ...

List of monarchs of Persia The monarchs of Iran ruled for over two and a half millennia, beginning as early as the 7th century BC and enduring until the 20th century AD. The earliest Iranian king is generally considered to have been either Deioces of the Median dynasty () ...

Supreme Leader of Iran The supreme leader of Iran, also referred to as the supreme leader of the Islamic Revolution, but officially called the supreme leadership authority, is the head of state and the highest political and religious authority of Iran (above the Presi ...

** List of presidents of Iran ** List of premiers of Iran ** List of prime ministers of Iran *

Iraq Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to Iraq–Saudi Arabia border, the south, Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and ...

Sumer Sumer () is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, early Bronze Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC. ...

***

List of Mesopotamian dynasties The history of Mesopotamia extends from the Lower Paleolithic period until the establishment of the Caliphate in the late 7th century AD, after which the region came to be known as History of Iraq, Iraq. This list covers dynasties and monarchs of ...

** Akkad *** Kings of Akkad ** Gutian kings ** Kings of Assyria ** Kings of Babylon **Rulers of

Adiabene Adiabene ( Greek: Αδιαβηνή, ) was an ancient kingdom in northern Mesopotamia, corresponding to the northwestern part of ancient Assyria. The size of the kingdom varied over time; initially encompassing an area between the Zab Rivers, it ...

Abbasid Caliphs The Abbasid caliphs were the holders of the Islamic title of caliph who were members of the Abbasid dynasty, a branch of the Quraysh tribe descended from the uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. The family came ...

** Annazid dynasty ** Kings of Iraq ** Presidents of Iraq ** Prime ministers of Iraq ** Civilian Administrator of Iraq *

Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...

Prime Minister of Israel The prime minister of Israel (, Hebrew abbreviations, Hebrew abbreviation: ; , ''Ra'īs al-Ḥukūma'') is the head of government and chief executive of the Israel, State of Israel. Israel is a parliamentary republic with a President of Isra ...

President of Israel The president of the State of Israel (, or ) is the head of state of Israel. The president is mostly, though not entirely, ceremonial; actual executive power is vested in the Cabinet of Israel, cabinet led by the Prime Minister of Israel, pr ...

** Rulers of Israel and Judah ** Kings of Israel **

Kings of Judah The Kings of Judah were the monarchs who ruled over the ancient Kingdom of Judah, which was formed in about 930s BC, 930 BC, according to the Hebrew Bible, when the United Kingdom of Israel split, with the people of the Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) ...

** High priests of Israel **

Crusader State The Crusader states, or Outremer, were four Catholic polities established in the Levant region and southeastern Anatolia from 1098 to 1291. Following the principles of feudalism, the foundation for these polities was laid by the First Crusade ...

s ** Kings of Jerusalem ***

Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem, one of the Crusader states that was created in 1099, was divided into a number of smaller Manorialism, seigneuries. According to the 13th-century jurist John of Ibelin (jurist), John of Ibelin, the four highest crown va ...

**** Princes of Galilee *****

Lords of Toron Lords may refer to: * The plural of Lord Places *Lords Creek, a stream in New Hanover County, North Carolina *Lord's, English Cricket Ground and home of Marylebone Cricket Club and Middlesex County Cricket Club People *Traci Lords (born 19 ...

**** Counts of Jaffa and Ascalon ***** Lords of Ramla ***** Lords of Ibelin **** Lords of Oultrejordain **** Lords of Sidon ***

Officers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem There were six major officers of the Kingdom of Jerusalem: the constable, the marshal, the seneschal, the chamberlain (office), chamberlain (which were known as the "Grand Offices"), the butler and the chancellor. At certain times there were also ...

Presidents of the Palestinian National Authority President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsidente ...

Prime ministers of the Palestinian National Authority A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...

Jordan Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. Jordan is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the east, Saudi Arabia to the south, and Israel and the occupied Palestinian ter ...

(formerly Transjordan) ** Kings of Jordan ** Rulers of Nabatea *

Kuwait Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait, is a country in West Asia and the geopolitical region known as the Middle East. It is situated in the northern edge of the Arabian Peninsula at the head of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to Iraq–Kuwait ...

** Emirs of Kuwait **

Al-Sabah The House of Sabah ( ''Āl Ṣabāḥ'') is the ruling family of Kuwait. History Origin The Al Sabah family originate from the Bani Utbah confederation. Prior to settling in Kuwait, the Al Sabah family were expelled from Umm Qasr in southern I ...

Lebanon Lebanon, officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia. Situated at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian Peninsula, it is bordered by Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south ...

** Presidents of Lebanon **

Prime ministers of Lebanon A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...

** Speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon *

Oman Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country located on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in West Asia and the Middle East. It shares land borders with Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Oman’s coastline ...

(formerly Muscat (and Oman)) ** Sultans of Oman *

Qatar Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia. It occupies the Geography of Qatar, Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it shares Qatar–Saudi Arabia border, its sole land b ...

** Emirs of Qatar *

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia. Located in the centre of the Middle East, it covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about , making it the List of Asian countries ...

Sharif of Mecca The Sharif of Mecca () was the title of the leader of the Sharifate of Mecca, traditional steward of the Holiest sites in Islam, Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina. The term ''sharif'' is Arabic for "noble", "highborn", and is used to desc ...

** Kings of Saudi Arabia *

Syria Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, t ...

** Presidents of Syria ** Prime ministers of Syria ** Kings of Syria **

Osroene Osroene or Osrhoene (; ) was an ancient kingdom and region in Upper Mesopotamia. The ''Kingdom of Osroene'', also known as the "Kingdom of Edessa" ( / "Kingdom of Urhay"), according to the name of its capital city (now Urfa, Şanlıurfa, Turkey), ...

** Rulers of Damascus **

Zengid dynasty The Zengid or Zangid dynasty, also referred to as the Atabegate of Mosul, Aleppo and Damascus (Arabic: أتابكة الموصل وحلب ودمشق), or the Zengid State (Old Anatolian Turkish: , Modern Turkish: ; ) was initially an '' Atabegat ...

** Counts of Edessa ** Princes of Antioch *** Officers of the Principality of Antioch **Emirs of

Shaizar Shaizar or Shayzar (; in modern Arabic Saijar; Hellenistic name: Larissa in Syria, Λάρισσα εν Συρία in Greek language, Greek) is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located northwest of Hama. Near ...

Ghassanid The Ghassanids, also known as the Jafnids, were an Arab tribe. Originally from South Arabia, they migrated to the Levant in the 3rd century and established what would eventually become a Christian kingdom under the aegis of the Byzantine Empi ...

kings ** Rulers of Aleppo ** Hanilgalbat: Kings of Hanilgabat, see '' Hanilgalbat'' and ''

Mitanni Mitanni (–1260 BC), earlier called Ḫabigalbat in old Babylonian texts, ; Hanigalbat or Hani-Rabbat in Assyrian records, or in Ancient Egypt, Egyptian texts, was a Hurrian language, Hurrian-speaking state in northern Syria (region), Syria an ...

'' ** Kings of Ugarit *

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

List of Hittite kings The dating and sequence of Hittite Empire, Hittite kings is compiled by scholars from fragmentary records, supplemented by the finds in Hattusa, Ḫattuša and other administrative centers of cuneiform tablets and more than 3,500 seal impressions ...

**Kings of

Arzawa Arzawa was a region and political entity in Western Anatolia during the Late Bronze Age. In Hittite texts, the term is used to refer both to a particular kingdom and to a loose confederation of states. The chief Arzawan state, whose capital wa ...

** Kings of Lydia ** Kings of Bithynia ** Kings of Cappadocia ** Attalid Kings of Pergamon ** Kings of Pontus ***

Pharnacid Dynasty The Pharnacid dynasty was a Persian Empire, Persian dynasty that ruled the satrapy of Hellespontine Phrygia under the Achaemenid Dynasty from the 5th until the 4th century BCE. It was founded by Artabazos I of Phrygia, Artabazus, son of satrap P ...

** Kings of Galatia **

Byzantine emperors The foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD marks the conventional start of the Eastern Roman Empire, which Fall of Constantinople, fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD. Only the emperors who were recognized as legitimate rulers and exercised s ...

***

Tetrarchy The Tetrarchy was the system instituted by Roman emperor Diocletian in 293 AD to govern the ancient Roman Empire by dividing it between two emperors, the ''augusti'', and their junior colleagues and designated successors, the ''caesares''. I ...

** List of Latin emperors **

Empire of Trebizond The Empire of Trebizond or the Trapezuntine Empire was one of the three successor rump states of the Byzantine Empire that existed during the 13th through to the 15th century. The empire consisted of the Pontus, or far northeastern corner of A ...

** Seljuk sultans of Rüm **

Anatolian beyliks Anatolian beyliks (, Ottoman Turkish: ''Tavâif-i mülûk'', ''Beylik''; ) were Turkish principalities (or petty kingdoms) in Anatolia governed by ''beys'', the first of which were founded at the end of the 11th century. A second and more exte ...

List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922. At its height, the Ottoman Empire s ...

** Prime ministers of Turkey ** Presidents of Turkey *

United Arab Emirates The United Arab Emirates (UAE), or simply the Emirates, is a country in West Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is a Federal monarchy, federal elective monarchy made up of Emirates of the United Arab E ...

** Prime ministers of the United Arab Emirates ** Presidents of the United Arab Emirates *

Yemen Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in South Arabia, southern Arabia, it borders Saudi Arabia to Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, the north, Oman to Oman–Yemen border, the northeast, the south-eastern part ...

** Presidents of Yemen ** Prime ministers of Yemen ** Presidents of North Yemen ** Prime ministers of North Yemen ** Presidents of South Yemen ** Prime ministers of South Yemen

Europe

Eastern Europe

Belarus Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Belarus spans an a ...

Moldova Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of and population of 2.42 million. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. ...

** Presidents of Moldova ** Prime ministers of Moldova ** Governors of Gagauzia ** Presidents of Transnistria ** Prime ministers of Transnistria *

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

** Dacian kings **

Rulers of Wallachia This is a list of princes of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union with Moldavia in 1859, which unification of Moldavia and Wallachia, led to the creation of ...

Rulers of Moldavia This is a list of monarchs of Moldavia, from the first mention of the medieval polity east of the Carpathian Mountains, Carpathians and until its disestablishment in 1862, when Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia, it united with Wallachia, the ot ...

** Rulers of Transylvania ** List of heads of state of Romania **

Prime ministers of Romania The prime minister of Romania (), officially the prime minister of the Government of Romania (), is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled ''President of the Council of Ministers'' (), when the term "Government" ...

*Russia and the Soviet Union **

List of Russian monarchs This is a list of all reigning monarchs in the history of Russia. The list begins with the semi-legendary prince Rurik of Veliky Novgorod, Novgorod, sometime in the mid-9th century, and ends with Nicholas II, who abdicated in 1917, and was Exec ...

** Leaders of the Soviet Union **

President of the Soviet Union The president of the Soviet Union (), officially the president of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (), abbreviated as president of the USSR (), was the executive head of state of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics from 15 March ...

Premier of the Soviet Union The Premier of the Soviet Union () was the head of government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). From 1923 to 1946, the name of the office was Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, and from 1946 to 1991 its name was ...

Presidents of Russia The office of the president of Russia is the highest authority in the Russian Federation. The holder is the federation's head of state and has formal presidency over the State Council (Russia), State Council as well as being the commander in chi ...

** Prime ministers of Russia **Khans of the

Golden Horde The Golden Horde, self-designated as ''Ulug Ulus'' ( in Turkic) was originally a Mongols, Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the division of ...

** List of Kazan khans **

List of Khazar rulers The following is a list of Khazar rulers. Khazar Khagans (Ashina dynasty) The Khagans were supreme chiefs of the people, holding positions of much influence and spiritual authority, but with little day-to-day command. Khazar Beks The Khagan ...

** Rulers of Kievan Rus' ** Grand Prince of Tver *

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

** Rulers of Kievan Rus' ** List of rulers of Halych and Volhynia **

Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks A Hetman of Zaporizhian Cossacks is a historical term that has multiple meanings. Officially the post was known as Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host ().Mytsyk, Yu. Hetman (ГЕТЬМАН)'. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. Hetman of Zaporizhia ...

List of Crimean khans The Crimean Khanate was a state which existed in present-day southern Ukraine from 1441 until 1783. The position of Khan in Crimea was electoral and was picked by beys from four of the most noble families (also known as Qarachi beys: Argyns, ...

Presidents of Ukraine The president of Ukraine is the head of state of Ukraine, Direct election, directly elected to a five-year Term of office, term by voting eligible Ukrainian nationality law, citizens of Ukraine. The officeholder leads the Executive (government ...

** Prime ministers of Ukraine

Northern Europe

*Denmark ** Danish monarchs ** Prime ministers of Denmark **

List of legendary kings of Denmark The legendary kings of Denmark were, according to legend, the monarchs of Denmark, the Danes, or specific lands of Denmark (Zealand, Jutland or Scania) who preceded Gorm the Old, a king who reigned to and is the earliest reliably attested Dani ...

Faroe Islands The Faroe Islands ( ) (alt. the Faroes) are an archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean and an autonomous territory of the Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark. Located between Iceland, Norway, and the United Kingdom, the islands have a populat ...

*** Prime ministers of the Faroe Islands **

Greenland Greenland is an autonomous territory in the Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark. It is by far the largest geographically of three constituent parts of the kingdom; the other two are metropolitan Denmark and the Faroe Islands. Citizens of Greenlan ...

*** Prime ministers of Greenland *** Governors of Greenland *** Inspectors of Greenland *

Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...

** Estonian rulers ** Heads of government of Estonia ** Presidents of Estonia ** State elders of Estonia *Finland ** Prime ministers of Finland ** Presidents of Finland ** Finnish rulers ** Provincial Governors of Finland ** Premiers of Åland *

Iceland Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the regi ...

** Presidents of Iceland **

Prime ministers of Iceland A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...

** Icelandic rulers **List of lawspeakers, see

Lawspeaker A lawspeaker or lawman ( Swedish: ''lagman'', Old Swedish: ''laghmaþer'' or ''laghman'', Danish: ''lovsigemand'', Norwegian: ''lagmann'', Icelandic: , Faroese: '' løgmaður'', Finnish: ''laamanni'', ) is a unique Scandinavian legal offic ...

*Ireland: Rulers of Ireland *

Latvia Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to t ...

** Presidents of Latvia ** Prime ministers of Latvia *

Lithuania Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, P ...

List of Lithuanian rulers The article is a list of heads of state of Lithuania over historical Lithuanian state. The timeline includes all heads of state of Lithuania as a sovereign entity, legitimately part of a greater sovereign entity, a client state, or a Republics o ...

Presidents of Lithuania The article is a list of heads of state of Lithuania over historical Lithuanian state. The timeline includes all heads of state of Lithuania as a sovereign entity, legitimately part of a greater sovereign entity, a client state, or a Republics o ...

Prime ministers of Lithuania A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways ...

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of ...

Norwegian monarchs The list of Norwegian monarchs ( or ''kongerekka'') begins in 872: the traditional dating of the Battle of Hafrsfjord, after which victorious King Harald Fairhair Unification of Norway, merged several Petty kingdoms of Norway, petty kingdoms int ...

*** Line of succession to the Norwegian Throne ** Legendary kings of Norway ** Norwegian prime ministers *Sweden **

Swedish monarchs This list records the Monarchy of Sweden, monarchs of Sweden, from the late Viking Age to the present day. Sweden has continuously been a monarchy since the country's consolidation in the Viking Age and early Middle Ages, for over a thousand year ...

** Prime ministers of Sweden ** Swedish field marshals ** County governors of Sweden ** Swedish semi-legendary kings ** Mythological kings of Sweden ** Kings of Geatland * Blekinge governors * Dalarna governors * Gävleborg governors * Gotland governors * Halland governors * Jämtland governors * Jönköping governors * Kalmar governors * Kronoberg governors * Norrbotten governors * Skåne governors * Stockholm governors * Södermanland governors * Uppsala governors *List of governors of Värmland County, Värmland governors *List of governors of Västerbotten County, Västerbotten governors *List of governors of Västernorrland County, Västernorrland governors *List of governors of Västmanland County, Västmanland governors *List of governors of Västra Götaland County, Västra Götaland governors *List of governors of Örebro County, Örebro governors *List of governors of Östergötland County, Östergötland governors *United Kingdom: List of office-holders of the United Kingdom and predecessor states

Central Europe

*Austria **List of rulers of Austria, Rulers of Austria **Emperor of Austria, Emperors of Austria **List of foreign ministers of Austria-Hungary, Foreign ministers of Austria-Hungary **List of minister-presidents of Austria, Minister-presidents of Austria **President of Austria, Federal presidents of Austria **List of chancellors of Austria, Chancellors of Austria (Vice-Chancellor of Austria, Vice chancellors of Austria) **House of Habsburg, Habsburg **House of Babenberg, Babenberg **List of rulers of Austria, Margraves, dukes, and archdukes of Austria **Dukes of Styria, see ''Duchy of Styria, Styria (duchy)'' **Dukes of Carinthia, see ''Duchy of Carinthia, Carinthia (duchy)'' *Czech Republic **List of rulers of Bohemia, Rulers of Bohemia (Czech lands) **List of presidents of Czechoslovakia **List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia ** List of rulers of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia **List of presidents of the Czech Republic, Presidents of the Czech Republic **List of prime ministers of the Czech Republic, Prime ministers of the Czech Republic *Germany: Rulers of Germany *Hungary **List of Hungarian rulers **List of heads of state of Hungary **List of prime ministers of Hungary, Prime ministers of Hungary *Liechtenstein **List of princes of Liechtenstein, Princes of Liechtenstein **List of heads of government of Liechtenstein, Liechtenstein heads of government *Poland **List of Polish monarchs, Polish rulers **Dukes of Silesia **Dukes of Masovia, Dukes of Mazovia **Dukes of Greater Poland **Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca, Dukes of Łęczyca **Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca, Dukes of Sieradz **Duchy of Teschen, Duchy of Cieszyn **Dukes of Pomerania **List of prime ministers of Poland **List of Polish presidents *Slovakia **President of Slovakia, Presidents of Slovakia **Prime Minister of Slovakia, Prime ministers of Slovakia **List of leaders of Slovak parliaments, Parliament leaders of Slovakia *Switzerland **List of members of the Swiss Federal Council, Members of the Swiss Federal Council ***List of presidents of the Swiss Confederation, Presidents of the Confederation ***Heads of the Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports, see ''Military of Switzerland#Defence ministers, Military of Switzerland'' ***Heads of the Department of Foreign Affairs: see ''International relations of Switzerland#List of ministers, International relations of Switzerland'' ***Heads of the Federal Department of Home Affairs (Switzerland), Department of Home Affairs ***Heads of the Federal Department of Finance ***Heads of the Federal Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications ***Heads of the Federal Department of Economic Affairs ***Heads of the Federal Department of Justice and Police **Chancellor of Switzerland, Federal chancellors of Switzerland **Presidents of the National Council of Switzerland, Presidents of the Swiss National Council **List of presidents of the Swiss Council of States, Presidents of the Swiss Council of States **List of members of the Swiss National Council (2003–2007), Members of the Swiss National Council **List of members of the Swiss Council of States, Members of the Swiss Council of States **List of chief justices of the Swiss Supreme Court, Chief justices of the Swiss Supreme Court **List of presidents of the Swiss Diet, Presidents of the Swiss Diet (before 1848)

Southern Europe

*Albania **List of rulers of Illyria **List of Albanian monarchs, Monarchs of Albania **Prime Minister of Albania, Prime ministers of Albania **List of heads of state of Albania, Presidents of Albania *Andorra **List of co-princes of Andorra, Co-princes of Andorra ***Diocese of Urgell, Bishop of Urgell **List of heads of government of Andorra, Prime ministers of Andorra *Bosnia and Herzegovina **List of rulers of Bosnia **Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina **Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Prime ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina *Bulgaria **Thracian kings **Odrysian kingdom, Kings of Odrysia **Moesia: Roman governors of Lower Moesia **List of Bulgarian monarchs, Bulgarian monarchs **List of heads of government of Bulgaria, Prime ministers of Bulgaria **List of heads of state of Bulgaria, Presidents of Bulgaria *Croatia **List of rulers of Croatia **List of presidents of Croatia, Presidents of Croatia **Prime Minister of Croatia, Prime ministers of Croatia ***List of governors and heads of state of Fiume ***Heads of state of Krajina ***Heads of government of Krajina *Greece: Rulers of Greece *Italy: Rulers of Italy *Kosovo **President of Kosovo, Presidents of Kosovo **Prime Minister of Kosovo *North Macedonia **President of North Macedonia, Presidents of North Macedonia **Prime Minister of North Macedonia, Prime ministers of North Macedonia *Malta **List of heads of state of Malta, Presidents of Malta, 1974–present **List of prime ministers of Malta, Prime ministers of Malta, 1921–1933, 1947–1958, 1962–present **Monarchs of Malta, 1091–1798, 1800–1974 **List of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller, Grand masters of Malta, 1530–1798 **List of civil commissioners of Malta, Civil commissioners of Malta, 1799–1813 **List of governors of Malta, Governors of Malta, 1813–1964 **List of heads of state of Malta, Governors-general of Malta, 1964–1974 *Montenegro **List of rulers of Montenegro, Rulers of Montenegro **List of presidents of Montenegro **Prime Minister of Montenegro *Portugal **List of Portuguese monarchs, Portuguese monarchs **List of dukes of Braganza, Dukes of Braganza **Princes of Beira **List of prime ministers of Portugal, Prime ministers of Portugal **List of presidents of Portugal, Presidents of Portugal **List of Portuguese monarchs *San Marino **List of captains regent of San Marino, Captains regent of San Marino, 1900–present **List of captains regent of San Marino, 1700–1900, Captains regent of San Marino, 1700–1900 **List of captains regent of San Marino, 1500–1700, Captains regent of San Marino, 1500–1700 **List of captains regent of San Marino, 1243–1500, Captains regent of San Marino, 1243–1500 *Serbia **List of presidents of Serbia, Presidents of Serbia **List of prime ministers of Serbia, Prime ministers of Serbia **President of the Government of Vojvodina **List of heads of state of Yugoslavia **Prime Minister of Yugoslavia **President of Serbia and Montenegro **Prime Minister of Serbia and Montenegro **List of Serbian monarchs, Monarchs of Serbia **Principality of Zeta, Princes of Zeta *Slovenia **President of Slovenia, Presidents of Slovenia **Prime Minister of Slovenia *Spain **Rulers of Spain **President of the Republic (Spain), Presidents of Spain **List of prime ministers of Spain, Prime ministers of Spain *Vatican City/Holy See **List of popes, Popes **Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, President of the Governorate **Cardinal Secretary of State

Western Europe

*Belgium **Monarchy of Belgium, Belgian monarchs **List of prime ministers of Belgium, Prime ministers of Belgium **Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands **Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region **Minister-President of Flanders **Minister-President of Wallonia **Minister-President of the French Community **Minister-President of the German-speaking Community *France: List of rulers of France, Rulers of France *Luxembourg **List of prime ministers of Luxembourg, Prime ministers of Luxembourg **List of monarchs of Luxembourg, Monarchs of Luxembourg *Monaco **List of rulers of Monaco, Princes of Monaco ***Line of succession to the Monegasque Throne, Succession to the Monegasque Throne **Minister of State (Monaco), Ministers of state **National Council (Monaco), Prime ministers of Monaco *Netherlands **Monarchy of the Netherlands, Dutch monarchy **List of prime ministers of the Netherlands, Prime ministers of the Netherlands **List of rulers of the Netherlands **Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands **Low Countries (Netherlands, Belgium): **List of counts of East Frisia, Rulers of East Frisia **Rulers of Frisia **Princes of Orange, Prince of Orange **Dukes of Brabant, Duke of Brabant **Lords and margraves of Bergen op Zoom **Guelders, Dukes and counts of Guelders **List of rulers of Lorraine, Duke of Lower Lorraine **Count of Bouillon **Counts of Flanders, Count of Flanders **Counts of Hainaut, Count of Hainaut **Count of Holland **Counts of Leuven **Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht, Bishop of Utrecht **Marquis of Namur

Oceania

Australasia

*Australia **List of Australian monarchs, Monarchs of Australia **List of governors-general of Australia, Governors-general of Australia **Cabinet of Australia ***List of prime ministers of Australia, Prime ministers of Australia ***Deputy Prime Minister of Australia, Deputy prime ministers of Australia ***Attorney-General for Australia, Attorneys general for Australia ***Minister for Defence (Australia), Ministers for defence ***Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia), Ministers for foreign affairs ***Treasurer of Australia, Treasurers of Australia *Premiers of New South Wales *Premiers of Queensland *Premiers of South Australia *Premiers of Tasmania *List of premiers of Victoria *Premier of Western Australia *Heads of government of Norfolk Island *Chief Minister of the Northern Territory *Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory *Governors of New South Wales *Governors of Queensland *Governors of South Australia *Governors of Tasmania *Governors of Victoria *Governor of Western Australia *Administrative heads of Norfolk Island *Administrator of the Northern Territory *Administrative heads of Jervis Bay *Administrative heads of Australian Antarctic Territory *Administrative heads of Macquarie Island *Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Cocos Islands **King of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, King of the Cocos Islands *New Zealand **List of governors-general of New Zealand, Governors-general of New Zealand **New Zealand Cabinet ***List of prime ministers of New Zealand, Prime ministers of New Zealand ***Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand, Deputy prime ministers of New Zealand ***Minister of Finance (New Zealand), Ministers of finance ***Minister of Foreign Affairs (New Zealand), Ministers of foreign affairs **Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives, Speakers of the House of Representatives **Māori King Movement, Māori kings and queens *Mayor of Auckland, Mayors of Auckland *Mayor of Christchurch, Mayors of Christchurch *Mayor of Dunedin, Mayors of Dunedin *Mayor of Wellington, Mayors of Wellington

Melanesia

*Fiji **Chairman of the Great Council of Chiefs, Chairmen of Fiji's Great Council of Chiefs **Chief Justice of Fiji **Governor of Fiji, Colonial governors of Fiji **Head of State of Fiji, Fijian heads of state **Minister for Foreign Affairs (Fiji), Foreign ministers of Fiji **Governor-General of Fiji, Governors-general of Fiji **House of Representatives of Fiji (abolished in 2013) **Minister for iTaukei Affairs, Ministers for Fijian affairs **President of Fiji, Presidents of Fiji **Prime Minister of Fiji, Prime ministers of Fiji **Senate of Fiji (abolished in 2013) **Speaker of the House of Representatives of Fiji, Speakers of the Fijian House of Representatives **Vice-President of Fiji, Vice-presidents of Fiji *Papua New Guinea **Governor-General of Papua New Guinea **Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea *Solomon Islands **Governor-General of Solomon Islands **Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands *Vanuatu **President of Vanuatu **Prime Minister of Vanuatu

Micronesia

*Kiribati **President of Kiribati *Marshall Islands **List of presidents of the Marshall Islands, Presidents of the Marshall Islands *Federated States of Micronesia **President of the Federated States of Micronesia *Nauru **President of Nauru *Palau **President of Palau

Polynesia

*Cook Islands **Prime Minister of the Cook Islands, Prime ministers of the Cook Islands *Niue **Premier of Niue, Premiers of Niue *Samoa **O le Ao o le Malo, Samoan heads of state ***Malietoa **Prime Minister of Samoa, Prime ministers of Samoa *Tonga **List of monarchs of Tonga, Kings of Tonga **Prime Minister of Tonga, Prime ministers of Tonga *Tuvalu **Governor-General of Tuvalu, Governor-generals of Tuvalu **Prime Minister of Tuvalu, Prime ministers of Tuvalu

Religious leaders

Christianity

*List of current Christian leaders :*Lists of popes, patriarchs, primates, archbishops, and bishops, List of patriarchs, archbishops and bishops

Catholic Church

*List of popes **List of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller, Grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller ***List of the priors of Saint John of Jerusalem in England, Priors of Saint John of Jerusalem in England

Anglican Communion

*List of archbishops of Canterbury *Primates in the Anglican Communion, Anglican primates

Other denominations

*General of The Salvation Army *Moderator of the United Church of Canada *President of the Church (LDS Church), President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints *List of ecumenical patriarchs of Constantinople, Patriarchs of Constantinople

Judaism

*List of chief rabbis of the United Hebrew Congregations, Chief rabbis of the United Kingdom *Chief Rabbinate of Israel, Chief rabbis of Israel

Islam

*Caliphate *Imamah (Shi'a doctrine), Shi'a Imam *Grand Mufti

Hinduism

*Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh *Arya Samaja

Buddhism

*Dalai Lama *Panchen Lama *Karmapa *Shamarpa *Sakya Trizin *Supreme Patriarch of Thailand *Supreme Patriarch of Cambodia

Other lists

* List of oldest living state leaders * List of current governments * List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents * List of current legislatures * List of current presidents of legislatures

Ministers by portfolio

*Defence minister *Finance minister *Foreign minister *Interior minister *Justice minister

Municipal leaders

External links

Current Heads of StateArchontology, by Oleg SchultzRulers, by B. Schemmel
– detailed lists (including regional and religious leaders) from 1700.
World Statesmen, by Ben Cahoon
{{DEFAULTSORT:Office holders Lists of office-holders,