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Gurieli
The House of Gurieli () was a Georgian princely ('' mtavari'') family and a ruling dynasty (dukes) of the southwestern Georgian province of Guria, which was autonomous and later, for a few centuries, independent. A few ducal rulers of the dynasty also rose in the 17th-18th centuries to be kings of the whole western Caucasus in place of the hereditary Bagrationi kings of Imereti. History Bearing a hereditary title for governors ( Eristavi) of Guria since the mid-13th century, Gurieli (literally, "of Guria") was adopted as a dynastic name by the Vardanisdze family (ვარდანისძე), hereditary rulers of Svaneti (a highland province in western Georgia). The other notable branch of the Vardanisdze was the Dadiani (დადიანი) of Samegrelo. Both of these branches occasionally used double names: Gurieli-Dadiani or Dadiani-Gurieli. The medieval Gurieli were vassals of the Georgian crown but, at the same time, seem to have paid some kind of homage ( el, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Guria
The Principality of Guria ( ka, გურიის სამთავრო, tr) was a historical state in Georgia. Centered on modern-day Guria, a southwestern region in Georgia, it was located between the Black Sea and Lesser Caucasus, and was ruled by a succession of twenty-two princes of the House of Gurieli from the 1460s to 1829. The principality emerged during the process of fragmentation of a unified Kingdom of Georgia. Its boundaries fluctuated in the course of permanent conflicts with neighboring Georgian rulers and Ottoman Empire, and the principality enjoyed various degrees of autonomy until being annexed by Imperial Russia in 1829. Early history Since the beginning of 13th century, Guria, one of the provinces of the Kingdom of Georgia, located between Rioni and Chorokhi river was administered by hereditary governors (Eristavi). The Gurian ruler to which the Georgian crown attached the title of Gurieli ("of Guria") took advantage of the Mongol invasion of Georgia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Gurieli
David Gurieli ( ka, დავით გურიელი, ''Davit' Gurieli''; russian: Давид Мамиевич Гуриель, ''David Mamiyevich Guriel''; 1818 – 23 August 1839) was a Georgian nobleman of the House of Gurieli. He was the last titular Prince of Guria from 24 November 1826 to 9 September 1829, but he never actually ruled because of his young age and then due to the Russian occupation of his principality. He reconciled with the Russians and returned from his Ottoman exile as a private citizen in 1832. He was subsequently trained as an officer of the Imperial Russian Army and served in the Caucasus, where he died at the battle of Akhulgo. Accession and regency David was the second child and only son of Mamia V Gurieli, Prince-regnant of Guria, and his wife, Princess Sofia née Tsulukidze. He was born in 1818, the year when western Georgia was rocked by a rebellion against the Russian Empire of which Guria was a subject since 1811. Mamia maintained loyalty t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kakhaber I Gurieli
Kakhaber Gurieli ( ka, კახაბერ გურიელი, ) was a member of the House of Dadiani and ''eristavi'' ("duke") of Guria in western Georgia in the latter half of the 14th century. He is the first known ruler of Guria to be styled as Gurieli. Kakhaber was a younger son of Giorgi II Dadiani (died 1384), ''eristavi'' of Odishi, and brother to Giorgi's successor Vameq I Dadiani. Kakhaber, as the first Gurieli, was identified by the Georgian historian Dimitri Bakradze based on a now-lost icon inscription from 1352, which credited him, along with his wife Anna, with building the Likhauri Church in Guria. Thus, at that time, Guria appears to have been a fief of the secundogeniture of the Dadiani. Kakhaber is also mentioned as ''eristavi'' of the Svans, whence the Vardanisdze, forefathers of the Dadiani-Gurieli dynasts, stemmed. Kakhaber can be the unnamed Vardanisdze of Prince Vakhushti's chronicle, who was deprived of his Svan lands by King Bagrat V of Georgia a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamia Gurieli
Mamia Gurieli ( ka, მამია გურიელი, ) was a member of the House of Dadiani and ''eristavi'' ("duke") of Guria in western Georgia in the latter half of the 15th century. He was the first ruler of Guria styled as Gurieli, after whom the Dukes and then, Princes of Guria formed one continuous dynasty down to the Russian annexation of 1829. Mamia was a younger son of Liparit I Dadiani (died 1470), ''eristavi'' of Odishi (Mingrelia), and brother to Liparit's successor Shamadavle Dadiani. He is first mentioned in a charter of King George VIII of Georgia dated to 1460. Mamia was in possession of Guria, which had been a fief of the secundogeniture of the Dadiani since around 1352. By the 1450s, Georgia was embroiled in a series of internecine conflicts which ultimately led to the division of the Kingdom of Georgia. The civil war subsided, but only briefly, by 1460, when the Italian envoy Ludovico da Bologna attempted an intercession between the Georgian dynasts to en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guria
Guria ( ka, გურია) is a region ('' mkhare'') in Georgia, in the western part of the country, bordered by the eastern end of the Black Sea. The region has a population of 113,000 (2016), with Ozurgeti as the regional capital. Geography Guria is bordered by Samegrelo to the north-west, Imereti to the north, Samtskhe-Javakheti to the east, Ajaria to the south, and the Black Sea to the west. The province has an area of . Guria is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude. Administrative divisions Guria is divided into 4 entities (3 municipalities and 1 city), including : * City of Ozurgeti * Ozurgeti Municipality * Lanchkhuti Municipality * Chokhatauri Municipality History The territory that is now Guria was part of the kingdom of Colchis, best known in the West for the tale of the Golden Fleece. Following the collapse of the Colchian Kingdom it became part of the Kingdom of Lazica in the first century BC. In antiquity the area w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Imereti
The Kingdom of Imereti ( ka, იმერეთის სამეფო, tr) was a Georgian monarchy established in 1455 by a member of the house of Bagrationi when the Kingdom of Georgia was dissolved into rival kingdoms. Before that time, Imereti was considered a separate kingdom within the Kingdom of Georgia, of which a cadet branch of the Bagrationi royal family held the crown. The realm was conquered by George V the Brilliant and once again united with the east Kingdom of Georgia.D.M.Lang - Georgia in the Reign of Giorgi the Brilliant (1314-1346), Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 17, pp. 74-91 From 1455 onward, however, Imereti became a constant battleground between Georgian and Ottoman forces for several centuries, resulting in the kingdom's progressive decline due to this ongoing instability. Under pressure from Pavel Tsitsianov, in 1804 Solomon II of Imereti accepted Russian Imperial suzerainty, only to be deposed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Of Trebizond
David Megas Komnenos ( gr, Δαυίδ Μέγας Κομνηνός, David Megas Komnēnos; – 1 November 1463) was the last Emperor of Trebizond from 1460 to 1461. He was the third son of Emperor Alexios IV of Trebizond and Theodora Kantakouzene. Following the fall of Trebizond to the Ottoman Empire, he was taken captive with his family to the Ottoman capital, Constantinople, where he and his sons and nephew were executed in 1463. In July 2013, David and his sons and nephew were canonized by the Holy Synod of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Their feast day was determined as 1 November, the anniversary of their deaths. Ruler of the Trebizond Empire David had played an important role throughout the reign of his older brother and predecessor John IV. He had been given the courtly title of ''despotes'', which in Trebizond designated the heir to the throne. David had participated in his brother's expeditions against the Genoese, and also fulfilled various diplomatic tasks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giorgi II Dadiani
Giorgi II Dadiani ( ka, გიორგი II დადიანი; died 1384) was a member of the House of Dadiani and ''eristavi'' ("duke") of Odishi in western Georgia from 1345 until his death. Giorgi II succeeded on the death of his father, Mamia I Dadiani, in 1384, as duke of Odishi, latter-day Mingrelia. He was confirmed by King George V of Georgia. Beyond Odishi proper, Giorgi held sway over Guria and Svanetia. He, further, had the rank of ''mandaturt-ukhutsesi'' ("Lord High Steward") of Georgia. Giorgi and his wife, Marikhi, are depicted in a fresco in the northern wall of the Bedia Cathedral, in his possessions in Abkhazia, which he had renovated. He also made contributions to the Monastery of the Cross in Jerusalem. Giorgi died in 1384. He is buried in his family's burial ground in the Khobi Cathedral. Giorgi had a wife, Rusudan, and two sons, of whom Vameq I succeeded him in Odishi; the other, Kakhaber, was appanaged with Guria with the title of Gurieli The Hous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Vardanisdze
The House of Vardanisdze ( ka, ვარდანისძე) was an aristocratic family in medieval Georgia, listed among the Great Nobles ('' didebuli'') of the realm. The family is presumed to have branched off from another eminent Georgian feudal clan of the Marushisdze, a hypothesis supported by the abundance of the name Marushiani in the Vardanisdze family. The first attested member and arguably a founder of the family is Vardan, eristavi of the Svans, in the latter half of the 11th century. The dignity of eristavi (or eristavt-eristavi) of the Svans was hereditary in his descendants later known as Vardanisdze (''Vardan'' + -''dze'', "a son"). They also held various important posts at the Georgian royal court, including '' mechurchlet-ukhutsesi'' (Lord High Treasurer), ''msakhurt-ukhutsesi'' (Lord Great Chamberlain) and ''mandaturt-ukhutsesi'' (Lord High Mandator) of Likht-Imereti (i.e., west Georgia). The family gave origin to two important branches, the Dadiani of Ming ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imereti
Imereti ( Georgian: იმერეთი) is a region of Georgia situated in the central-western part of the republic along the middle and upper reaches of the Rioni River. Imereti is the most populous region in Georgia. It consists of 11 municipalities and the city of Kutaisi, which is the capital of the region. Subdivisions The Imereti region has one self governing city (Kutaisi) and 11 municipalities with 163 administrative communities (temi), totalling to 549 populated settlements: * Eleven cities: Baghdati, Chiatura, Khoni, Kutaisi, Sachkhere, Samtredia, Terjola, Tqibuli, Tsqaltubo, Vani and Zestafoni; * Three dabas: Kharagauli, Kulashi and Shorapani (; * Villages: 535 Economy Aside from the capital Kutaisi, significant towns and regional centres include Samtredia, Chiatura (manganese production centre), Tkibuli ( coal mining centre), Zestafoni (known for metals production), Vani, Khoni, and Sachkhere. Traditionally, Imereti is an agricultural region ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) // CITED: p. 36 (PDF p. 38/338) also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt (modern-day Bilecik Province) by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the Ottoman wars in Europe, conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman Anatolian beyliks, beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror. Under the reign of Sule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ukase
In Imperial Russia, a ukase () or ukaz (russian: указ ) was a proclamation of the tsar, government, or a religious leader (patriarch) that had the force of law. "Edict" and "decree" are adequate translations using the terminology and concepts of Roman law. From the Russian term, the word ''ukase'' has entered the English language with the meaning of "any proclamation or decree; an order or regulation of a final or arbitrary nature". History Prior to the 1917 October Revolution, the term applied in Russia to an edict or ordinance, legislative or administrative, having the force of law. A ukase proceeded either from the emperor or from the senate, which had the power of issuing such ordinances for the purpose of carrying out existing decrees. All such decrees were promulgated by the senate. A difference was drawn between the ukase signed by the emperor’s hand and his verbal ukase, or order, made upon a report submitted to him. After the Revolution, a government proclamation o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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