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List Of Monarchs Of Pontus
This is a list of monarchs of Pontus, an ancient Hellenistic kingdom of Persian origin in Asia Minor. Monarchs of Pontus References {{Ancient Greece topics Pontus Pontus or Pontos may refer to: * Short Latin name for the Pontus Euxinus, the Greek name for the Black Sea (aka the Euxine sea) * Pontus (mythology), a sea god in Greek mythology * Pontus (region), on the southern coast of the Black Sea, in modern ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Pontus
Pontus ( ) was a Hellenistic kingdom centered in the historical region of Pontus in modern-day Turkey, and ruled by the Mithridatic dynasty of Persian origin, which may have been directly related to Darius the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty. The kingdom was proclaimed by Mithridates I in 281BC and lasted until its conquest by the Roman Republic in 63BC. The Kingdom of Pontus reached its largest extent under Mithridates VI the Great, who conquered Colchis, Cappadocia, Bithynia, the Greek colonies of the Tauric Chersonesos, and for a brief time the Roman province of Asia. After a long struggle with Rome in the Mithridatic Wars, Pontus was defeated. The kingdom had three cultural strands, which often fused together: Greek (mostly on the coast), Persian, and Anatolian, with Greek becoming the official language in the 3rd century BC. Features of Pontus The Kingdom of Pontus was divided into two distinct areas: the coastal region and the Pontic interior. The coastal region ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Co-regent
A coregency is the situation where a monarchical position (such as prince, princess, king, queen, emperor or empress), normally held by only a single person, is held by two or more. It is to be distinguished from diarchies or duumvirates (such as ancient Sparta and Rome), and also from regencies where a single monarch (usually infant or incapacitated) has a seniority above a regent but exercises no power except legally holding the position of head of state. Andorra Co-principality is a distinct but related system employed in contemporary Andorra, where monarchical power is formally divided between two rulers. Historical examples Coregencies were common in the Hellenistic period; according to one scholar, they "can usually be explained as a means of avoiding crises of succession or internal conflict, and of strengthening dynastic identity and ideology." Other examples include the coregency of Frederick I of Austria and Louis the Bavarian over the Kingdom of Germany. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polemon II Of Pontus
Marcus Antonius Polemon Pythodoros, also known as Polemon II of Pontus and Polemon of Cilicia (; 12 BC/11 BC–74), was a prince of the Bosporan, Pontus, Cilicia, and Cappadocia. He served as a Roman client king of Pontus, Colchis, and Cilicia. Family The Pontic royal family was of mixed Anatolian, Greek, and Roman origin. His paternal grandmother is unknown; however his paternal grandmother could have been named Tryphaena, while his paternal grandfather was Zenon, a prominent orator, aristocrat, and ally to Roman Triumvir Mark Antony. His maternal grandparents were Pythodoros of Tralles, a wealthy Greek and friend of Pompey, and Antonia. Polemon II was the namesake of his parents and his maternal grandparents. Polemon II was the second son and middle child of the Pontic Rulers Polemon Pythodoros and Pythodorida of Pontus. His eldest brother was Zenon, also known as Artaxias III, who was Roman Client King of Armenia. His youngest sister was Antonia Tryphaena, who was marr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pythodorida Of Pontus
Pythodoris of Pontus (, 30 BC or 29 BC – 38), also spelled Pythodorida (Πυθοδωρίδα), was a Roman client queen of Pontus, the Bosporan Kingdom, Cilicia, and Cappadocia. Origins and early life According to an honorific inscription dedicated to her in Athens in the late 1st century BC, her royal title was Queen Pythodoris Philometor (). ''Philometor'' means "mother-loving" and this title is associated with the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt. Pythodoris was born and raised in Smyrna (modern İzmir, Turkey). She was the daughter and only child of the wealthy Ionian, and friend to the late triumvir Pompey, Pythodoros of Tralles and Antonia, daughter of Mark Antony. Her maternal grandparents were the Roman triumvir Mark Antony and Antonia Hybrida Minor. Queen The successive marriages of Pythodoris illustrate how elite women, like Rome's client states, were shuffled around in the game of power politics. 13 or 12 BC, Pythodoris married King Polemon Pythodoros of Pontus as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polemon I Of Pontus
Polemon I Pythodoros (; fl. 1st century BC – died 8 BC) was the Roman Client King of Cilicia, Pontus, Colchis and the Bosporan Kingdom. Polemon was the son and heir of Zenon and possibly Tryphaena. Zenon and Polemon adorned Laodicea with many dedicated offerings. Life and career Polemon was Anatolian Greek. Polemon's father, Zenon, was an orator and a prominent aristocrat from Laodicea on the Lycus in Anatolia. Zenon supported Hybreas, an orator and prominent politician in Mylasa (the chief city of Caria). Hybreas got into trouble with the Roman general Quintus Labienus for making a sarcastic comment. Labienus marched on Mylasa. Many of its citizens were inclined to surrender. However, Zenon and Hybreas refused to yield and led their cities into a revolt. Zenon encouraged the locals to resist Labienus and King Pacorus I of Parthia, when their armies invaded Syria and Anatolia in 40 BC. Labienus sacked Mylasa. He 'shamefully maltreated' the home of Hybreas. Zenon was a fri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arsaces Of Pontus
Arsaces of Pontus (flourished 1st century BC) was a prince from the Kingdom of Pontus. He was a monarch of Iranian and Greek Macedonian ancestry. Arsaces was the second son and youngest child born to King Pharnaces II of Pontus and his Sarmatian wife. He had two older siblings: a brother called Darius and a sister called Dynamis. His paternal grandparents were the Pontian Monarchs Mithridates VI and his first wife, his sister Laodice. Arsaces was born and raised in the Kingdom of Pontus and the Bosporan Kingdom. According to Strabo,Strabo, Geographia xii p. 560 Arsaces and Darius were guarded by a chief rebel called Arsaces for a time when he held a fortress that was besieged by Polemon I and Lycomedes of Comana. In 37 BC, Darius had died and Arsaces succeeded his brother as king of Pontus. He was made king by Roman Triumvir Mark Antony Marcus Antonius (14 January 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman people, Roman politician and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Darius Of Pontus
Darius of Pontus (reigned 37-37/36 BC) was a monarch of Iranian and Greek Macedonian ancestry. He was the first child born to King Pharnaces II of Pontus and his Sarmatian wife.Mayor, ''The Poison King: the life and legend of Mithridates, Rome’s deadliest enemy'' p.362 He had two younger siblings: a sister named Dynamis and a brother named Arsaces. His paternal grandparents were Mithridates VI, the king of Pontus, and his first wife, his sister Laodice. Hardly anything is known about Darius. There is only a mention by Appian that he was appointed king of Pontus by Mark Antony. According to Appian, Mark Antony established client kings in the eastern areas of the Roman empire, which were under his control on condition that they paid a tribute. In Anatolia, Darius, the son of Pharnaces II and grandson of Mithridates VI, was appointed in Pontus, Polemon in a part of Cilicia and Amyntas in Pisidia. This was in 37 BC, before Antony's war with Parthia, when he was making prepa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharnaces II Of Pontus
Pharnaces II of Pontus (; about 97–47 BC) was the king of the Bosporan Kingdom and Kingdom of Pontus until his death. He was a monarch of Persian and Greek ancestry. He was the youngest child born to King Mithridates VI of Pontus from his first wife, his sister Queen Laodice. He was born and raised in the Kingdom of Pontus and was the namesake of his late double great grandfather Pharnaces I of Pontus. After his father was defeated by the Romans in the Third Mithridatic War (73–63 BC) and died in 63 BC, the Romans annexed the western part of Pontus, merged it with the former Kingdom of Bithynia and formed the Roman province of Bithynia and Pontus. The eastern part of Pontus remained under the rule of Pharnaces as a client kingdom until his death. Rebellion against his father Pharnaces II was raised as his father's successor and treated with distinction. However, little is known of his youth from ancient writers and find him first mentioned after Mithridates VI was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mithridates VI Of Pontus
Mithridates or Mithradates VI Eupator (; 135–63 BC) was the ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus in northern Anatolia from 120 to 63 BC, and one of the Roman Republic's most formidable and determined opponents. He was an effective, ambitious, and ruthless ruler who sought to dominate Asia Minor and the Black Sea region, waging several hard-fought but ultimately unsuccessful wars (the Mithridatic Wars) to break Roman dominion over Asia and the Hellenic world. He has been called the greatest ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus. He History of poison, cultivated an immunity to poisons by regularly ingesting sub-lethal doses; this practice, now called mithridatism, is named after him. After his death, he became known as Mithridates the Great. Biography Name and ancestry ''Mithridates'' is the Greek language, Greek attestation of the Iranic name ''Mihrdāt'', meaning "given by Mithra" ( - ''Mehrdad, Mehrdād''), the name of the ancient Iranian sun god. The name ''Mihrdāt'' itself derives f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mithridates V Euergetes
Mithridates or Mithradates V Euergetes (, which means "Mithridates the Benefactor"; died 120 BC) was a prince and the seventh king of the Kingdom of Pontus. Life Mithridates V was of Greek Macedonian and Persian ancestry. He was the son of the King Pharnaces I and Queen Nysa, while his sister was Nysa of Cappadocia. His mother is believed to have died during childbirth, while giving birth to either him or his sister. He was born and raised in the Kingdom of Pontus. Mithridates V succeeded his paternal aunt Laodice and paternal uncle Mithridates IV on the Pontian throne, but the circumstance of his accession is uncertain. Mithridates V continued the alliance with Rome started by his predecessors. He supported them with some ships and a small auxiliary force during the Third Punic War and at a subsequent period rendered them useful assistance in the war against the King of Pergamon, Eumenes III (131–129 BC). For his services on this occasion, Mithridates V was rewarded b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laodice (sister-wife Of Mithridates IV Of Pontus)
Laodice (flourished 2nd century BC) was a princess and queen of the Kingdom of Pontus, married to her brother Mithridates IV of Pontus. Numismatic evidence makes it likely that Laodice was co-regent with Mithridates IV. Life Laodice was of Greek Macedonian and Persian ancestry. She was the daughter of Laodice and Mithridates III of Pontus. Her brothers were Mithridates IV of Pontus and Pharnaces I of Pontus who reigned as Kings of Pontus after the death of their parents. Laodice was born and raised in the Kingdom of Pontus. Queen The ancient sources do not mention anything about Laodice. She is only known through surviving coins, statues and inscriptions. At some point, Laodice married her brother Mithridates IV of Pontus. She appears to have had no children with her husband. Surviving coins that were issued by Laodice, and coins that were jointly issued by her and Mithridates IV, show that she reigned as Queen of Pontus with her brother sometime between around 162 BC and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hellenistic Period
In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Greek history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom. Its name stems from the Ancient Greek word ''Hellas'' (, ''Hellás''), which was gradually recognized as the name for Greece, from which the modern historiographical term ''Hellenistic'' was derived. The term "Hellenistic" is to be distinguished from "Hellenic" in that the latter refers to Greece itself, while the former encompasses all the ancient territories of the period that had come under significant Greek influence, particularly the Hellenized Middle East, after the conquests of Alexander the Great. After the Macedonian conquest of the Achaemenid Empire in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
