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Pre-1600

* 308 – At
Carnuntum Carnuntum ( according to Ptolemy) was a Roman legionary fortress ( la, castra legionis) and headquarters of the Pannonian fleet from 50 AD. After the 1st century, it was capital of the Pannonia Superior province. It also became a large ...
, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with
Galerius Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus (; 258 – May 311) was Roman emperor from 305 to 311. During his reign he campaigned, aided by Diocletian, against the Sasanian Empire, sacking their capital Ctesiphon in 299. He also campaigned across the D ...
, ''
Augustus Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Pr ...
'' of the East, and
Maximian Maximian ( la, Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus; c. 250 – c. July 310), nicknamed ''Herculius'', was Roman emperor from 286 to 305. He was ''Caesar'' from 285 to 286, then '' Augustus'' from 286 to 305. He shared the latter title with his ...
us, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the
civil wars of the Tetrarchy The Civil Wars of the Tetrarchy were a series of conflicts between the co-emperors of the Roman Empire, starting in 306 AD with the usurpation of Maxentius and the defeat of Severus and ending with the defeat of Licinius at the hands of C ...
. *
1028 Year 1028 ( MXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * November 11 – Emperor Constantine VIII dies at Constantinople after a 3-yea ...
Constantine VIII Constantine VIII Porphyrogenitus ( el, Κωνσταντῖνος Πορφυρογέννητος, ''Kōnstantinos Porphyrogénnetos''; 960 – 11/12 November 1028) was ''de jure'' Byzantine emperor from 962 until his death. He was the youn ...
dies, ending his uninterrupted reign as emperor or co-emperor of the
Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantin ...
of 66 years. *
1100 Year 1100 ( MC) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1100th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 100th year of the 2nd millennium, the 100th and ...
Henry I of England Henry I (c. 1068 – 1 December 1135), also known as Henry Beauclerc, was King of England from 1100 to his death in 1135. He was the fourth son of William the Conqueror and was educated in Latin and the liberal arts. On William's death in ...
marries
Matilda of Scotland Matilda of Scotland (originally christened Edith, 1080 – 1 May 1118), also known as Good Queen Maud, or Matilda of Blessed Memory, was Queen of England and Duchess of Normandy as the first wife of King Henry I. She acted as regent of England ...
, the daughter of
Malcolm III of Scotland Malcolm III ( mga, Máel Coluim mac Donnchada, label= Medieval Gaelic; gd, Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh; died 13 November 1093) was King of Scotland from 1058 to 1093. He was later nicknamed "Canmore" ("ceann mòr", Gaelic, literally "big hea ...
and a direct descendant of the Saxon king
Edmund Ironside Edmund Ironside (30 November 1016; , ; sometimes also known as Edmund II) was King of the English from 23 April to 30 November 1016. He was the son of King Æthelred the Unready and his first wife, Ælfgifu of York. Edmund's reign was marred by ...
; Matilda is crowned on the same day. *
1215 Year 1215 ( MCCXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place England * March 4 – King John (Lackland), hoping to gain the support of Pope Innocent II ...
– The
Fourth Council of the Lateran The Fourth Council of the Lateran or Lateran IV was convoked by Pope Innocent III in April 1213 and opened at the Lateran Palace in Rome on 11 November 1215. Due to the great length of time between the Council's convocation and meeting, many ...
meets, defining the doctrine of
transubstantiation Transubstantiation (Latin: ''transubstantiatio''; Greek: μετουσίωσις '' metousiosis'') is, according to the teaching of the Catholic Church, "the change of the whole substance of bread into the substance of the Body of Christ and of ...
, the process by which bread and wine are, by that doctrine, said to transform into the body and blood of
Christ Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label= Hebrew/Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religi ...
. *
1500 Year 1500 ( MD) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. The year 1500 was not a leap year in the Proleptic Gregorian calendar. The year was seen as being especially important by many Christians in Europe, who thought i ...
Treaty of Granada The Treaty of Granada, also known as the Capitulation of Granada or simply the Capitulations, was signed and ratified on November 25, 1491, between Boabdil, the sultan of Granada, and Ferdinand and Isabella, the King and Queen of Castile, Leó ...
:
Louis XII of France Louis XII (27 June 14621 January 1515), was List of French monarchs, King of France from 1498 to 1515 and King of Naples from 1501 to 1504. The son of Charles, Duke of Orléans, and Maria of Cleves, he succeeded his 2nd cousin once removed and b ...
and Ferdinand II of Aragon agree to divide the
Kingdom of Naples The Kingdom of Naples ( la, Regnum Neapolitanum; it, Regno di Napoli; nap, Regno 'e Napule), also known as the Kingdom of Sicily, was a state that ruled the part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816. It was ...
between them. * 1572
Tycho Brahe Tycho Brahe ( ; born Tyge Ottesen Brahe; generally called Tycho (14 December 154624 October 1601) was a Danish astronomer, known for his comprehensive astronomical observations, generally considered to be the most accurate of his time. He was ...
observes the supernova
SN 1572 SN 1572 (''Tycho's Supernova'', ''Tycho's Nova''), or B Cassiopeiae (B Cas), was a supernova of Type Ia in the constellation Cassiopeia, one of eight supernovae visible to the naked eye in historical records. It appeared in early November 1572 ...
.


1601–1900

*
1620 Events January–June * February 4 – Prince Bethlen Gabor signs a peace treaty with Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. * May 17 – The first merry-go-round is seen at a fair (Philippapolis, Turkey). * June 3 – The ...
– The
Mayflower Compact The Mayflower Compact, originally titled Agreement Between the Settlers of New Plymouth, was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the men aboard the ''Mayflower,'' consisting of separatist Puritans, adventurers, an ...
is signed in what is now
Provincetown Harbor Provincetown Harbor is a large harbor#Natural harbors, natural harbor located in the town of Provincetown, Massachusetts, Provincetown, Massachusetts. The harbor is mostly deep and stretches roughly from northwest to southeast and from northea ...
near
Cape Cod Cape Cod is a peninsula extending into the Atlantic Ocean from the southeastern corner of mainland Massachusetts, in the northeastern United States. Its historic, maritime character and ample beaches attract heavy tourism during the summer mon ...
. *
1634 Events January–March * January 12– After suspecting that he will be dismissed, Albrecht von Wallenstein, supreme commander of the Holy Roman Empire's Army, demands that his colonels sign a declaration of personal loyalty. ...
– Following pressure from Anglican bishop
John Atherton John Atherton (1598 – 5 December 1640) was the Anglican Bishop of Waterford and Lismore in the Church of Ireland. He and John Childe (his steward and tithe proctor) were both tried and executed for buggery in 1640. Life and death Early lif ...
, the
Irish House of Commons The Irish House of Commons was the lower house of the Parliament of Ireland that existed from 1297 until 1800. The upper house was the House of Lords. The membership of the House of Commons was directly elected, but on a highly restrictive fr ...
passes ''An Act for the Punishment for the Vice of Buggery''. *
1673 Events January–March * January 22 – Impostor Mary Carleton is hanging, hanged at Newgate Prison in London, for multiple thefts and returning from penal transportation. * February 10 – Molière's ''comédie-ballet'' '' ...
– Second Battle of Khotyn in
Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian invas ...
:
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi- confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Poland and Lithuania ...
forces under the command of Jan Sobieski defeat the Ottoman army. In this battle, rockets made by
Kazimierz Siemienowicz Kazimierz Siemienowicz ( la, Casimirus Siemienowicz, lt, Kazimieras Simonavičius; born 1600 – 1651) was a general of artillery, gunsmith, military engineer, and one of pioneers of rocketry. Born in the Raseiniai region of the Grand Duchy o ...
are successfully used. *
1675 Events January–March * January 5 – Franco-Dutch War – Battle of Turckheim: The French defeat Austria and Brandenburg. * January 29 – John Sassamon, an English-educated Native American Christian, dies at Ass ...
Gottfried Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz . ( – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat. He is one of the most prominent figures in both the history of philosophy and the history of mat ...
demonstrates
integral calculus In mathematics, an integral assigns numbers to functions in a way that describes displacement, area, volume, and other concepts that arise by combining infinitesimal data. The process of finding integrals is called integration. Along with di ...
for the first time to find the area under the graph of ''y'' = ''ƒ''(''x''). *
1724 Events January–March * January 15 – King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne in favour of his 16-year-old son Louis I. * January 18 – The Dutch East India Company cargo ship ''Fortuyn'', on its maiden voyage, dep ...
Joseph Blake, alias Blueskin, a highwayman known for attacking "Thief-Taker General" (and thief)
Jonathan Wild Jonathan Wild, also spelled Wilde (1682 or 1683 – 24 May 1725), was a London underworld figure notable for operating on both sides of the law, posing as a public-spirited vigilante entitled the "'' Thief-Taker General''". He simultaneously ran ...
at the Old Bailey, is hanged in London. *
1750 Various sources, including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, use the year 1750 as a baseline year for the end of the pre-industrial era. Events January–March * January 13 – The Treaty of Madrid between Spain a ...
Riots break out in
Lhasa Lhasa (; Lhasa dialect: ; bo, text=ལྷ་ས, translation=Place of Gods) is the urban center of the prefecture-level Lhasa City and the administrative capital of Tibet Autonomous Region in Southwest China. The inner urban area of Lhas ...
after the murder of the
Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ) is a region in East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are some other ethnic groups such as Monpa people, ...
an regent. * 1750 – The F.H.C. Society, also known as the
Flat Hat Club The Flat Hat Club is the popular name of a collegiate secret society and honor fraternity founded in 1750 at the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. The fraternity, formally named the "F.H.C. Society", was founded at the College ...
, is formed at Raleigh Tavern,
Williamsburg, Virginia Williamsburg is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 15,425. Located on the Virginia Peninsula, Williamsburg is in the northern part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It is b ...
. It is the first college fraternity. *
1778 Events January–March * January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook, with ships HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu then Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he ...
Cherry Valley massacre The Cherry Valley massacre was an attack by British and Iroquois forces on a fort and the town of Cherry Valley in central New York on November 11, 1778, during the American Revolutionary War. It has been described as one of the most horrific ...
:
Loyalists Loyalism, in the United Kingdom, its overseas territories and its former colonies, refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British Crow ...
and
Seneca Seneca may refer to: People and language * Seneca (name), a list of people with either the given name or surname * Seneca people, one of the six Iroquois tribes of North America ** Seneca language, the language of the Seneca people Places Extrat ...
Indian forces attack a fort and village in eastern New York during the
American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of ...
, killing more than forty civilians and soldiers. *
1805 After thirteen years the First French Empire abolished the French Republican Calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 11 – The Michigan Territory is created. * February 7 – King Anouvong become ...
Napoleonic Wars The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major global conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European states formed into various coalitions. It produced a period of Fren ...
:
Battle of Dürenstein A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and forc ...
: Eight thousand French troops attempt to slow the retreat of a vastly superior Russian and Austrian force. *
1813 Events January–March * January 18–January 23 – War of 1812: The Battle of Frenchtown is fought in modern-day Monroe, Michigan between the United States and a British and Native American alliance. * January 24 – ...
War of 1812 The War of 1812 (18 June 1812 – 17 February 1815) was fought by the United States of America and its indigenous allies against the United Kingdom and its allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida. It ...
:
Battle of Crysler's Farm The Battle of Crysler's Farm, also known as the Battle of Crysler's Field, was fought on 11 November 1813, during the War of 1812 (the name ''Chrysler's Farm'' is sometimes used for the engagement, but ''Crysler'' is the proper spelling). A Brit ...
: British and Canadian forces defeat a larger American force, causing the Americans to abandon their Saint Lawrence campaign. * 1831 – In Jerusalem, Virginia,
Nat Turner Nat Turner's Rebellion, historically known as the Southampton Insurrection, was a rebellion of enslaved Virginians that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831.Schwarz, Frederic D.1831 Nat Turner's Rebellion" ''American Her ...
is hanged after inciting a violent slave uprising. *
1839 Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 � ...
– The
Virginia Military Institute la, Consilio et Animis (on seal) , mottoeng = "In peace a glorious asset, In war a tower of strength""By courage and wisdom" (on seal) , established = , type = Public senior military college , accreditation = SACS , endowment = $696.8 mill ...
is founded in
Lexington, Virginia Lexington is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. At the 2020 census, the population was 7,320. It is the county seat of Rockbridge County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines ...
. *
1865 Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Second Battle of Fort Fisher ...
Treaty of Sinchula is signed whereby
Bhutan Bhutan (; dz, འབྲུག་ཡུལ་, Druk Yul ), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan,), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is situated in the Eastern Himalayas, between China in the north and India in the south. A mountai ...
cedes the areas east of the
Teesta River Teesta River is a long river that rises in the Pauhunri Mountain of eastern Himalayas, flows through the Indian states of Sikkim and West Bengal through Rangpur, Bangladesh, Rangpur, and enters the Bay of Bengal. It drains an area of . In I ...
to the
British East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (the Indian subcontinent and Southea ...
. * 1869 – The
Victorian Victorian or Victorians may refer to: 19th century * Victorian era, British history during Queen Victoria's 19th-century reign ** Victorian architecture ** Victorian house ** Victorian decorative arts ** Victorian fashion ** Victorian literature ...
Aboriginal Protection Act is enacted in Australia, giving the government control of indigenous people's wages, their terms of employment, where they could live, and of their children, effectively leading to the
Stolen Generations The Stolen Generations (also known as Stolen Children) were the children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent who were removed from their families by the Australian federal and state government agencies and church miss ...
. *
1880 Events January–March * January 22 – Toowong State School is founded in Queensland, Australia. * January – The international White slave trade affair scandal in Brussels is exposed and attracts international infamy. * February � ...
– Australian
bushranger Bushrangers were originally escaped convicts in Australia, convicts in the early years of the History of Australia (1788–1850), British settlement of Australia who used The bush#Australia, the bush as a refuge to hide from the authorities. B ...
Ned Kelly Edward Kelly (December 1854 – 11 November 1880) was an Australian bushranger, outlaw, gang leader and convicted police-murderer. One of the last bushrangers, he is known for wearing a suit of bulletproof armour during his final shootout wi ...
is hanged at Melbourne Gaol. *
1887 Events January–March * January 11 – Louis Pasteur's anti-rabies treatment is defended in the Académie Nationale de Médecine, by Dr. Joseph Grancher. * January 20 ** The United States Senate allows the Navy to lease Pearl Har ...
August Spies August Vincent Theodore Spies (, ; December 10, 1855November 11, 1887) was an American upholsterer, radical labor activist, and newspaper editor. Spies is remembered as one of the anarchists in Chicago who were found guilty of conspiracy to comm ...
,
Albert Parsons Albert Richard Parsons (June 20, 1848 – November 11, 1887) was a pioneering American socialist and later anarchist newspaper editor, orator, and labor activist. As a teenager, he served in the military force of the Confederate States of Americ ...
,
Adolph Fischer Adolph Fischer (1858 – November 11, 1887) was an anarchist and labor union activist tried and executed after the Haymarket Riot. Early life Adolph Fischer immigrated to the United States in 1873 at the age of 15. He became an apprentic ...
and George Engel are
executed Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the State (polity), state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to ...
as a result of the
Haymarket affair The Haymarket affair, also known as the Haymarket massacre, the Haymarket riot, the Haymarket Square riot, or the Haymarket Incident, was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square (C ...
. *
1889 Events January–March * January 1 ** The total solar eclipse of January 1, 1889 is seen over parts of California and Nevada. ** Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka experiences a vision, leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in th ...
– The State of
Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o ...
is admitted as the 42nd
state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * '' Our ...
of the United States.


1901–present

* 1911 – Many cities in the
Midwestern United States The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the Midwest or the American Midwest, is one of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau (also known as "Region 2"). It occupies the northern central part of the United States. I ...
break their record highs and lows on the same day as a strong cold front rolls through. *
1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
: Germany signs an
armistice An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, as it may constitute only a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace. It is derived from the ...
agreement with the Allies in a railroad car in the forest of Compiègne. * 1918 –
Józef Piłsudski Józef Klemens Piłsudski (; 5 December 1867 – 12 May 1935) was a Polish statesman who served as the Naczelnik państwa, Chief of State (1918–1922) and Marshal of Poland, First Marshal of Second Polish Republic, Poland (from 1920). He was ...
assumes supreme military power in Poland – symbolic first day of Polish independence. * 1918 – Emperor
Charles I of Austria Charles I or Karl I (german: Karl Franz Josef Ludwig Hubert Georg Otto Maria, hu, Károly Ferenc József Lajos Hubert György Ottó Mária; 17 August 18871 April 1922) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary (as Charles IV, ), King of Croatia, ...
relinquishes power. *
1919 Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the ...
– The
Industrial Workers of the World The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), members of which are commonly termed "Wobblies", is an international labor union that was founded in Chicago in 1905. The origin of the nickname "Wobblies" is uncertain. IWW ideology combines gener ...
attack an
Armistice Day Armistice Day, later known as Remembrance Day in the Commonwealth and Veterans Day in the United States, is commemorated every year on 11 November to mark the armistice signed between the Allies of World War I and Germany at Compiègne, Fran ...
parade in
Centralia, Washington Centralia () is a city in Lewis County, Washington, United States. It is located along Interstate 5 near the midpoint between Seattle and Portland, Oregon. The city had a population of 18,183 at the 2020 census. Centralia is twinned with Che ...
, ultimately resulting in the deaths of five people. * 1919 – Latvian forces defeat the West Russian Volunteer Army at Riga in the
Latvian War of Independence The Latvian War of Independence ( lv, Latvijas Neatkarības karš), sometimes called Latvia's freedom battles () or the Latvian War of Liberation (), was a series of military conflicts in Latvia between 5 December 1918, after the newly proclaim ...
. *
1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in Brazil. ** The Spanish liner ''Santa Isabel'' breaks ...
– The
Tomb of the Unknowns The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is a historic monument dedicated to deceased U.S. service members whose remains have not been identified. It is located in Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia, United States. The World War I "Unknown" is a re ...
is dedicated by US President
Warren G. Harding Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 – August 2, 1923) was the 29th president of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death in 1923. A member of the Republican Party, he was one of the most popular sitting U.S. presidents. A ...
at
Arlington National Cemetery Arlington National Cemetery is one of two national cemeteries run by the United States Army. Nearly 400,000 people are buried in its 639 acres (259 ha) in Arlington, Virginia. There are about 30 funerals conducted on weekdays and 7 held on Sa ...
. *
1923 Events January–February * January 9 – Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory). * January 11 – Despite strong British protests, troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area, ...
Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler (; 20 April 188930 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Nazi Germany, Germany from 1933 until Death of Adolf Hitler, his death in 1945. Adolf Hitler's rise to power, He rose to power as the le ...
is arrested in
Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Ha ...
for
high treason Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplo ...
for his role in the
Beer Hall Putsch The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch,Dan Moorhouse, ed schoolshistory.org.uk, accessed 2008-05-31.Known in German as the or was a failed coup d'état by Nazi Party ( or NSDAP) leader Adolf Hitler, Erich Ludendorff and oth ...
. *
1926 Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos (general), Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud is crowned King of Kingdom of Hejaz, Hejaz. ** Bảo Đại, Crown Prince Nguyễn P ...
– The
United States Numbered Highway System The United States Numbered Highway System (often called U.S. Routes or U.S. Highways) is an integrated network of roads and highways numbered within a nationwide grid in the contiguous United States. As the designation and numbering of these hi ...
is established. *
1930 Events January * January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be ...
Patent A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an sufficiency of disclosure, enabling disclo ...
number US1781541 is awarded to
Albert Einstein Albert Einstein ( ; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theor ...
and
Leó Szilárd Leo Szilard (; hu, Szilárd Leó, pronounced ; born Leó Spitz; February 11, 1898 – May 30, 1964) was a Hungarian-German-American physicist and inventor. He conceived the nuclear chain reaction in 1933, patented the idea of a nuclear ...
for their invention, the
Einstein refrigerator The Einstein–Szilard or Einstein refrigerator is an absorption refrigerator which has no moving parts, operates at constant pressure, and requires only a heat source to operate. It was jointly invented in 1926 by Albert Einstein and his form ...
. *
1934 Events January–February * January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established. * January 15 – The 8.0 Nepal–Bihar earthquake strikes Nepal and Bihar with a max ...
– The
Shrine of Remembrance The Shrine of Remembrance (commonly referred to as The Shrine) is a war memorial in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, located in Kings Domain on St Kilda Road. It was built to honour the men and women of Victoria who served in World War I, bu ...
is opened in
Melbourne Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/ Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a me ...
, Australia. *
1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *January ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
: In the
Battle of Taranto The Battle of Taranto took place on the night of 11–12 November 1940 during the Second World War between British naval forces, under Admiral Andrew Cunningham, and Italian naval forces, under Admiral Inigo Campioni. The Royal Navy launched ...
, the
Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by Kingdom of England, English and Kingdom of Scotland, Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were foug ...
launches the first all-aircraft ship-to-ship naval attack in history. * 1940 – World War II: The German auxiliary cruiser ''
Atlantis Atlantis ( grc, Ἀτλαντὶς νῆσος, , island of Atlas) is a fictional island mentioned in an allegory on the hubris of nations in Plato's works ''Timaeus'' and ''Critias'', wherein it represents the antagonist naval power that bes ...
'' captures
top secret Classified information is material that a government body deems to be sensitive information that must be protected. Access is restricted by law or regulation to particular groups of people with the necessary security clearance and need to kn ...
British mail from the ''
Automedon In Greek mythology, Automedon (; Ancient Greek: Αὐτομέδων), son of Diores, was Achilles' charioteer, who drove the immortal horses Balius and Xanthos. Mythology In Homer's ''Iliad'', Automedon rides into battle once Patroclus dons A ...
'', and sends it to Japan. *
1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...
– World War II: France's ''
zone libre The ''zone libre'' (, ''free zone'') was a partition of the French metropolitan territory during World War II, established at the Second Armistice at Compiègne on 22 June 1940. It lay to the south of the demarcation line and was administered ...
'' is occupied by German forces in Case Anton. *
1960 It is also known as the " Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * J ...
– A military coup against
President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese f ...
Ngô Đình Diệm Ngô Đình Diệm ( or ; ; 3 January 1901 – 2 November 1963) was a South Vietnamese politician. He was the final prime minister of the State of Vietnam (1954–1955), and then served as the first president of South Vietnam (Republic o ...
of South Vietnam is crushed. *
1961 Events January * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 ...
– Thirteen
Italian Air Force , colours = , colours_label = , march = (Ordinance March of the Air Force) by Alberto Di Miniello , mascot = , anniversaries = 28 March ...
servicemen, deployed to the Congo as a part of the UN peacekeeping force, are massacred by a mob in
Kindu Kindu is a city in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the capital of Maniema province. It has a population of about 200,000 and is situated on the Lualaba River at an altitude of about 500 metres, and is about 400 km west of Bukavu. Kindu is ...
. *
1962 Events January * January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand. * January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism. * January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wo ...
Kuwait Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the no ...
's National Assembly ratifies the
Constitution of Kuwait The Constitution of Kuwait ( ar, الدستور الكويتي, ad-distūr al-Kuwayti, ) was created by the Constitutional Assembly in 1961–1962 and signed into law on 11 November 1962 by the Emir, the Commander of the Military of Kuwait Sheik ...
. *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
Southern Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia was a landlocked self-governing British Crown colony in southern Africa, established in 1923 and consisting of British South Africa Company (BSAC) territories lying south of the Zambezi River. The region was informally k ...
's Prime Minister
Ian Smith Ian Douglas Smith (8 April 1919 – 20 November 2007) was a Rhodesian politician, farmer, and fighter pilot who served as Prime Minister of Rhodesia (known as Southern Rhodesia until October 1964 and now known as Zimbabwe) from 1964 to ...
unilaterally declares the colony independent as the unrecognised state of
Rhodesia Rhodesia (, ), officially from 1970 the Republic of Rhodesia, was an unrecognised state in Southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was the ''de facto'' Succession of states, successor state to th ...
. * 1965 – United Airlines Flight 227 crashes at
Salt Lake City International Airport Salt Lake City International Airport is a civil-military airport located about west of Downtown Salt Lake City, Utah, in the United States. The airport is the closest commercial airport for more than 2.5 million people and is within a 30-minu ...
, killing 43. *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo is ...
NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research. NASA was established in 1958, succeedi ...
launches Gemini 12. *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establ ...
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: In a propaganda ceremony in Phnom Penh,
Cambodia Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailan ...
, three American prisoners of war are released by the
Viet Cong , , war = the Vietnam War , image = FNL Flag.svg , caption = The flag of the Viet Cong, adopted in 1960, is a variation on the flag of North Vietnam. Sometimes the lower stripe was green. , active ...
and turned over to "new left" antiwar activist
Tom Hayden Thomas Emmet Hayden (December 11, 1939October 23, 2016) was an American social and political activist, author, and politician. Hayden was best known for his role as an anti-war, civil rights, and intellectual activist in the 1960s, authoring th ...
. *
1968 The year was highlighted by Protests of 1968, protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – "Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechos ...
– Vietnam War:
Operation Commando Hunt Operation Commando Hunt was a covert U.S. Seventh Air Force and U.S. Navy Task Force 77 aerial interdiction campaign that took place during the Vietnam War. The operation began on 15 November 1968 and ended on 29 March 1972. The objective of ...
initiated. The goal is to interdict men and supplies on the Ho Chi Minh trail, through Laos into South Vietnam. *
1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, me ...
– Vietnam War:
Vietnamization Vietnamization was a policy of the Richard Nixon administration to end U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War through a program to "expand, equip, and train South Vietnamese forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same t ...
: The United States Army turns over the massive
Long Binh military base Long Binh Post (''Tổng kho Long Bình'') is a former U.S. Army base located in Long Bình, Đồng Nai between Biên Hòa and Saigon, Vietnam. The base functioned as a U.S. Army base, logistics center, and major command headquarters for U ...
to South Vietnam. *
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 - Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
Australian constitutional crisis of 1975: Australian
Governor-General Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...
Sir John Kerr dismisses the government of
Gough Whitlam Edward Gough Whitlam (11 July 191621 October 2014) was the 21st prime minister of Australia, serving from 1972 to 1975. The longest-serving federal leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) from 1967 to 1977, he was notable for being the he ...
, appoints
Malcolm Fraser John Malcolm Fraser (; 21 May 1930 – 20 March 2015) was an Australian politician who served as the 22nd prime minister of Australia from 1975 to 1983, holding office as the leader of the Liberal Party of Australia. Fraser was raised on hi ...
as caretaker
Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...
and announces a general election to be held in early December. * 1975 – Independence of
Angola , national_anthem = "Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...
. *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrati ...
– A munitions explosion at a train station in Iri, South Korea kills at least 56 people. *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 10 – Salvadoran Civil War: The FMLN launches its first major off ...
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda (, ) is a sovereign country in the West Indies. It lies at the juncture of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in the Leeward Islands part of the Lesser Antilles, at 17°N latitude. The country consists of two ...
joins the
United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizi ...
. *
1992 File:1992 Events Collage V1.png, From left, clockwise: Riots break out across Los Angeles, California after the police beating of Rodney King; El Al Flight 1862 crashes into a residential apartment building in Amsterdam after two of its engines ...
– The
General Synod of the Church of England The General Synod is the tricameral deliberative and legislative organ of the Church of England. The synod was instituted in 1970, replacing the Church Assembly, and is the culmination of a process of rediscovering self-government for the Church ...
votes to allow women to become priests. *
1993 File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
– A sculpture honoring women who served in the
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
is dedicated at the
Vietnam Veterans Memorial The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is a U.S. national memorial in Washington, D.C., honoring service members of the U.S. armed forces who served in the Vietnam War. The site is dominated by two black granite walls engraved with the names of thos ...
in Washington, D.C. *
1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school s ...
– The
House of Lords Act The House of Lords Act 1999 (c. 34) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed the House of Lords, one of the chambers of Parliament. The Act was given Royal Assent on 11 November 1999. For centuries, the House of Lords ...
is given
Royal Assent Royal assent is the method by which a monarch formally approves an act of the legislature, either directly or through an official acting on the monarch's behalf. In some jurisdictions, royal assent is equivalent to promulgation, while in othe ...
, restricting membership of the
British House of Lords The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by appointment, heredity or official function. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in ...
by virtue of a hereditary peerage. *
2000 File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...
Kaprun disaster: One hundred fifty-five skiers and snowboarders die when a
cable car Cable car most commonly refers to the following cable transportation systems: * Aerial lift, such as aerial tramways and gondola lifts, in which the vehicle is suspended in the air from a cable ** Aerial tramway ** Chairlift ** Gondola lift ** ...
catches fire in an alpine tunnel in Kaprun, Austria. *
2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan ...
– Journalists
Pierre Billaud Pierre Billaud (21 May 1970 – 11 November 2001) was a French radio reporter and journalist. He started his career on Radio France then joined Radio Tele Luxembourg as international reporter. He covered the conflicts of Algeria, Israel, Palesti ...
,
Johanne Sutton Johanne Sutton (1 December 1966 – 11 November 2001) was a French radio reporter and journalist. Early life and education Born in Casablanca, Morocco, she graduated from the École supérieure de journalisme de Lille in 1990 and began working f ...
and Volker Handloik are killed in
Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bord ...
during an attack on the convoy they are traveling in. *
2002 File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains independence from Indonesia and ...
– A
Fokker F27 Friendship The Fokker F27 Friendship is a turboprop airliner developed and manufactured by the Dutch aircraft manufacturer Fokker. It is the most numerous post-war aircraft manufactured in the Netherlands; the F27 was also one of the most successful Eur ...
operating as Laoag International Airlines Flight 585 crashes into
Manila Bay Manila Bay ( fil, Look ng Maynila) is a natural harbor that serves the Port of Manila (on Luzon), in the Philippines. Strategically located around the capital city of the Philippines, Manila Bay facilitated commerce and trade between the Phi ...
shortly after takeoff from
Ninoy Aquino International Airport Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA , ; fil, Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino or ''Pandaigdigang Paliparan ng Ninoy Aquino''; ), originally known and still commonly referred to as Manila International Airport (MIA), is the main ...
, killing 19 people. *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
New Zealand Tomb of the Unknown Warrior is dedicated at the National War Memorial,
Wellington Wellington ( mi, Te Whanganui-a-Tara or ) is the capital city of New Zealand. It is located at the south-western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Remutaka Range. Wellington is the second-largest city in New Zealand by m ...
. * 2004 – The
Palestine Liberation Organization The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; ar, منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية, ') is a Palestinian nationalist political and militant organization founded in 1964 with the initial purpose of establishing Arab unity and st ...
confirms the death of
Yasser Arafat Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf al-Qudwa al-Husseini (4 / 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), popularly known as Yasser Arafat ( , ; ar, محمد ياسر عبد الرحمن عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني, Mu ...
from unidentified causes. Mahmoud Abbas is elected chairman of the PLO minutes later. * 2006 – Her Majesty
Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...
unveils the New Zealand War Memorial in London, United Kingdom, commemorating the loss of soldiers from the
New Zealand Army , image = New Zealand Army Logo.png , image_size = 175px , caption = , start_date = , country = , branch = ...
and the
British Army The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gur ...
. * 2011 – A helicopter crash just outside Mexico City kills seven, including
Francisco Blake Mora José Francisco Blake Mora (; 22 May 1966 – 11 November 2011) was a Mexican lawyer and politician who served as the Secretary of the Interior in the cabinet of Felipe Calderón from 2010 to 2011. He was Mexico's top cabinet secretary and key ...
the Secretary of the Interior of Mexico. *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
– A strong earthquake with the magnitude 6.8 hits northern
Burma Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...
, killing at least 26 people. *
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
– Fifty-eight people are killed in a bus crash in the
Sukkur District Sukkur District ( sd, سکر ضلعو, ur, ) is a district in Sindh Province in Pakistan. It is divided into 5 administrative townships ('' tehsils'', also called "talukas"), namely: Sukkur City, New Sukkur, Rohri, Saleh Pat and Pano Aqil. A ...
in southern
Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...
's
Sindh Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province ...
province. *
2020 2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global social and economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, worldwide lockdowns and the largest economic recession since the Great Depression in ...
Typhoon Vamco makes landfall in
Luzon Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, ...
and several offshore islands, killing 67 people. The storm causes the worst floods in the region since
Typhoon Ketsana Typhoon Ketsana, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Ondoy, was the second-most devastating tropical cyclone of the 2009 Pacific typhoon season, causing $1.15 billion in damages and 921 fatalities, only behind Morakot earlier in the se ...
in 2009.


Births


Pre-1600

*
1050 Year 1050 ( ML) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Hedeby is sacked by King Harald III (Hardrada) of Norway, during the course of a conflict w ...
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV (german: Heinrich IV; 11 November 1050 – 7 August 1106) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 to 1105, King of Germany from 1054 to 1105, King of Italy and Burgundy from 1056 to 1105, and Duke of Bavaria from 1052 to 1054. He was the ...
(d. 1106) *
1154 Year 1154 ( MCLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Levant * April 18 – Nur al-Din, Seljuk ruler (''atabeg'') of Aleppo, encamps before Damascus ...
Sancho I of Portugal Sancho I of Portugal (), nicknamed "the Populator" ( pt, "o Povoador"), King of Portugal (Coimbra, 11 November 115426 March 1211) was the second but only surviving legitimate son and fifth child of Afonso I of Portugal by his wife, Maud of Savo ...
(d. 1212) *
1155 Year 1155 ( MCLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Siege of Tortona: German forces capture the citadel of Tortona (after a two-month siege) ...
Alfonso VIII of Castile Alfonso VIII (11 November 11555 October 1214), called the Noble (''El Noble'') or the one of Las Navas (''el de las Navas''), was King of Castile from 1158 to his death and King of Toledo. After having suffered a great defeat with his own army a ...
(d. 1214) *
1220 Year 1220 ( MCCXX) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Fifth Crusade * July – The Crusaders, led by the Knights Hospitaller, raid Burlus, located i ...
Alphonse, Count of Poitiers Alphonse or Alfonso (11 November 122021 August 1271) was the count of Poitou from 1225 and count of Toulouse (as such called Alphonse II) from 1249. As count of Toulouse, he also governed the Marquisate of Provence. Birth and early life Born at P ...
(d. 1271) *1430 – Jošt of Rožmberk, Bishop of Breslau (d. 1467) *1441 – Charlotte of Savoy, French queen (d. 1483) *1449 – Catherine of Poděbrady, Hungarian queen (d. 1464) *1491 – Martin Bucer, German Protestant reformer (d. 1551) *1493 – Paracelsus, Swiss-German physician, botanist, astrologer, and occultist (d. 1541) *1512 – Marcin Kromer, Prince-Bishop of Warmia (d. 1589) *1569 – Martin Ruland the Younger, German physician and chemist (d. 1611) *1579 – Frans Snyders, Flemish painter (d. 1657) *1599 – Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg (d. 1655) * 1599 – Ottavio Piccolomini, Austrian-Italian field marshal (d. 1656)


1601–1900

*1633 – George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, English politician, Lord President of the Council (d. 1695) *1668 – Johann Albert Fabricius, German author and scholar (d. 1736) *1696 – Andrea Zani, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1757) *1743 – Carl Peter Thunberg, Swedish botanist, entomologist, and psychologist (d. 1828) *1748 – Charles IV of Spain (d. 1819) *1768 – Sikandar Jah, (d. 1829) 3rd Nizam of Hyderabad State *1791 – Josef Munzinger, Swiss lawyer and politician, 3rd List of Presidents of the Swiss Confederation, President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1855) *1821 – Fyodor Dostoevsky, Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist, and philosopher (d. 1881) *1836 – Thomas Bailey Aldrich, American poet and author (d. 1907) *1852 – Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, Austrian-Hungarian field marshal (d. 1925) *1855 – Stevan Sremac, Serbian author and activist (d. 1906) *1857 – Janet Erskine Stuart, English nun and educator (d. 1914) *1860 – Thomas Joseph Byrnes, Australian politician, 12th Premier of Queensland (d. 1898) *1863 – Paul Signac, French painter and educator (d. 1935) *1864 – Alfred Hermann Fried, Austrian journalist and activist, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1921) *1866 – Martha Annie Whiteley, English chemist and mathematician (d. 1956) *1867 – Shrimad Rajchandra, a Jainism, Jain philosopher, spiritual mentor of Mahatma Gandhi (d. 1901) *1868 – Édouard Vuillard, French painter and academic (d. 1940) * 1869 – Victor Emmanuel III of Italy (d. 1947) *1872 – Maude Adams, American actress (d. 1953) * 1872 – David I. Walsh, American lawyer and politician, 46th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1947) *1882 – Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden (d. 1973) *1883 – Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor and academic (d. 1969) *1885 – George S. Patton, American general (d. 1945) *
1887 Events January–March * January 11 – Louis Pasteur's anti-rabies treatment is defended in the Académie Nationale de Médecine, by Dr. Joseph Grancher. * January 20 ** The United States Senate allows the Navy to lease Pearl Har ...
– Roland Young, English-American actor (d. 1953) *1888 – Abul Kalam Azad, Indian activist, scholar, and politician, Ministry of Human Resource Development (India), Indian Minister of Education (d. 1958) * 1888 – J. B. Kripalani, Indian lawyer and politician (d.1982) *1891 – Rabbit Maranville, American baseball player and manager (d. 1954) * 1891 – Grunya Sukhareva, Ukrainian-Russian psychiatrist and university lecturer (d. 1981) *1894 – Beverly Bayne, American actress (d. 1982) *1895 – Wealthy Babcock, American mathematician and academic (d. 1990) *1896 – Shirley Graham Du Bois, American author, playwright, composer, and activist (d. 1977) * 1896 – Carlos Eduardo Castañeda, Mexican-American historian (d. 1958) *1898 – René Clair, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1981) *1899 – Pat O'Brien (actor), Pat O'Brien, American actor (d. 1983) *1900 – Maria Babanova, Russian stage and film actress (d. 1983)


1901–present

*1901 – Sam Spiegel, American film producer (d. 1985) * 1901 – F. Van Wyck Mason, American historian and author (d. 1978) *1904 – Alger Hiss, American lawyer and convicted spy (d. 1996) * 1904 – J. H. C. Whitehead, British mathematician and academic (d. 1960) *1906 – Brother Theodore, German-American monologuist and comedian (d. 2001) *1907 – Orestis Laskos, Greek director, screenwriter, and poet (d. 1992) *1909 – Robert Ryan, American actor (d. 1973) * 1909 – Piero Scotti, Italian race car driver (d. 1976) * 1911 – Roberto Matta, Chilean-Italian painter and sculptor (d. 2002) *1912 – Thomas C. Mann, American lawyer, politician, and diplomat, United States Ambassador to El Salvador (d. 1999) *1914 – James Gilbert Baker, American astronomer, optician, and academic (d. 2005) * 1914 – Taslim Olawale Elias, Nigerian academic and jurist, 2nd Chief Justice of Nigeria (d. 1991) * 1914 – Howard Fast, American novelist and screenwriter (d. 2003) * 1914 – Henry Wade, American soldier and lawyer (d. 2001) * 1914 – Daisy Bates (activist), Daisy Bates, American activist who played a leading role in the Little Rock Integration Crisis of 1957 (d. 1999) *1915 – William Proxmire, American soldier, journalist, and politician (d. 2005) * 1915 – Anna Schwartz, American economist and author (d. 2012) *1916 – Robert Carr, English engineer and politician, Lord President of the Council (d. 2012) *
1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...
– Stubby Kaye, American entertainer (d. 1997) *
1919 Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the ...
– Kalle Päätalo, Finnish soldier and author (d. 2000) *1920 – Roy Jenkins, British politician, President of the European Commission (d. 2003) * 1920 – Walter Krupinski, German captain and pilot (d. 2000) *
1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in Brazil. ** The Spanish liner ''Santa Isabel'' breaks ...
– Terrel Bell, American sergeant, academic, and politician, 2nd United States Secretary of Education (d. 1996) *1922 – Kurt Vonnegut, American novelist, short story writer, and essayist (d. 2007) *1925 – John Guillermin, English-American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2015) * 1925 – June Whitfield, English actress (d. 2018) * 1925 – Jonathan Winters, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2013) *
1926 Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos (general), Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud is crowned King of Kingdom of Hejaz, Hejaz. ** Bảo Đại, Crown Prince Nguyễn P ...
– Harry Lumley (ice hockey), Harry Lumley, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1998) * 1926 – Maria Teresa de Filippis, Italian race car driver (d. 2016) *1927 – Mose Allison, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 2016) * 1927 – Martin Špegelj, Croatian general and politician, 2nd Ministry of Defence (Croatia), Croatian Minister of Defence (d. 2014) *1928 – Ernestine Anderson, American singer (d. 2016) * 1928 – Carlos Fuentes, Mexican novelist and essayist (d. 2012) *1929 – LaVern Baker, American singer (d. 1997) * 1929 – Hans Magnus Enzensberger, German author and poet (d. 2022) * 1929 – Martin Jacomb, English lawyer, businessman, and academic *
1930 Events January * January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be ...
– Hugh Everett III, American physicist and mathematician (d. 1982) * 1930 – Vernon Handley, English conductor (d. 2008) * 1930 – Mildred Dresselhaus, American physicist and academic (d. 2017) *1932 – Germano Mosconi, Italian journalist (d. 2012) *1933 – Martino Finotto, Italian race car driver (d. 2014) * 1933 – Peter B. Lewis, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 2013) *1935 – Bibi Andersson, Swedish actress (d. 2019) *1936 – Jack Keller (songwriter), Jack Keller, American songwriter and producer (d. 2005) *1937 – Vittorio Brambilla, Italian race car driver (d. 2001) * 1937 – Stephen Lewis, Canadian politician and diplomat, 14th Canadian Ambassador to the United Nations * 1937 – Alicia Ostriker, American poet and scholar *1939 – Denise Alexander, American actress *
1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *January ...
– Barbara Boxer, American journalist and politician * 1940 – Dennis Coffey, American guitarist *
1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...
– Jonathan Fenby, English journalist and businessman * 1942 – Roy Fredericks, Guyanese-American cricketer and politician (d. 2000) * 1942 – K. Connie Kang, Korean American journalist and author (d. 2019) * 1942 – Diane Wolkstein, American author and radio host (d. 2013) *1943 – Doug Frost (swimming coach), Doug Frost, Australian swim coach *1945 – Chris Dreja, English guitarist and songwriter * 1945 – Vince Martell, American singer and guitarist * 1945 – Daniel Ortega, Nicaraguan politician, President of Nicaragua *1946 – Al Holbert, American race car driver (d. 1988) *1948 – Andrzej Czok, Polish mountaineer (d. 1986) * 1948 – Vincent Schiavelli, American actor (d. 2005) * 1948 – Robert John "Mutt" Lange, British-South African record producer and songwriter *1949 – Ismail Petra of Kelantan, former Sultan of Kelantan (d. 2019) * 1949 – Kathy Postlewait, American golfer *1950 – Mircea Dinescu, Romanian journalist and poet * 1950 – Jim Peterik, American singer-songwriter and guitarist *1951 – Kim Peek, American Savant syndrome, megasavant (d. 2009) * 1951 – Marc Summers, American television host and producer * 1951 – Fuzzy Zoeller, American golfer *1953 – Marshall Crenshaw, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1953 – Andy Partridge, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer *1954 – Steve Brain, English rugby player * 1954 – Mary Gaitskill, American novelist, essayist, and short story writer. * 1954 – Roger Slifer, American author, illustrator, screenwriter, and producer (d. 2015) *1955 – Dave Alvin, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1955 – Jigme Singye Wangchuk, King of Bhutan * 1955 – Teri York, Canadian diver *1956 – Ian Craig Marsh, English guitarist * 1956 – Talat Aziz, Ghazal singer *1958 – Luz Casal, Spanish singer-songwriter and actress * 1958 – Kazimieras Černis, Lithuanian astronomer and astrophysicist * 1958 – Carlos Lacámara, Cuban-American actor and playwright * 1958 – Kathy Lette, Australian-English author *1959 – Lee Haney, American bodybuilder * 1959 – Richard Rowe (horse racing), Richard Rowe, English jockey and trainer * 1959 – Christian Schwarzenegger, Swiss criminologist and academic * 1959 – Carl Williams (boxer), Carl Williams, American boxer (d. 2013) *
1960 It is also known as the " Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * J ...
– Colin Harvey (writer), Colin Harvey, English author and critic (d. 2011) * 1960 – Chuck Hernandez, American baseball player and coach * 1960 – Paquito Ochoa, Jr., Filipino lawyer and politician, 37th Executive Secretary (Philippines), Executive Secretary of the Philippines * 1960 – Cristina Odone, Kenyan-Italian journalist and author * 1960 – Peter Parros, American actor, producer, and screenwriter * 1960 – Stanley Tucci, American actor and director *
1961 Events January * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 ...
– Yuri Milner, Russian-born entrepreneur, venture capitalist and physicist *
1962 Events January * January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand. * January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism. * January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wo ...
– Mario Fenech, Maltese-Australian rugby league player and sportscaster * 1962 – Georgios Mitsibonas, Greek footballer (d. 1997) * 1962 – Demi Moore, American actress, director, and producer * 1962 – James Morrison (jazz musician), James Morrison, Australian trumpet player and composer *1963 – Billy Gunn, American wrestler and actor *1964 – Margarete Bagshaw, American painter and potter (d. 2015) * 1964 – Calista Flockhart, American actress * 1964 – Philip McKeon, American actor (d. 2019) *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
– Max Mutchnick, American screenwriter and producer * 1965 – Kim Stockwood, Canadian singer-songwriter *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo is ...
– Benedicta Boccoli, Italian model and actress * 1966 – Vince Colosimo, Australian actor * 1966 – Alison Doody, Irish model and actress *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establ ...
– Gil de Ferran, Brazilian race car driver * 1967 – David Doak, Northern Irish video game designer * 1967 – Frank John Hughes, American actor, producer, and screenwriter *
1968 The year was highlighted by Protests of 1968, protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – "Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechos ...
– David L. Cook, American singer-songwriter and comedian * 1968 – Diego Fuser, Italian footballer and manager *1971 – David DeLuise, American actor and director * 1971 – Tomas Pačėsas, Lithuanian basketball player and coach *
1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, me ...
– Adam Beach, Canadian actor *1973 – Jason White (musician), Jason White, American singer-songwriter and guitarist *1974 – Jon B., American singer-songwriter and producer * 1974 – Leonardo DiCaprio, American actor and producer * 1974 – Static Major, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2008) * 1974 – Wajahatullah Wasti, Pakistani cricketer *
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 - Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
– Daisuke Ohata, Japanese rugby player *1976 – Jason Grilli, American baseball player * 1976 – Jesse F. Keeler, Canadian bass player *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrati ...
– Ben Hollioake, Australian-English cricketer (d. 2002) * 1977 – Jill Vedder, American philanthropist, activist and fashion model * 1977 – Maniche, Portuguese footballer and manager * 1977 – Marsha Mehran, Iranian-American author (d. 2014) *1978 – Lou Vincent, New Zealand cricketer *1980 – Willie Parker, American football player and coach * 1980 – Edmoore Takaendesa, Zimbabwean-German rugby player *1982 – Gonzalo Canale, Argentinian-Italian rugby player * 1982 – Jeremy Williams (actor), Jeremy Williams, English model, actor, and poet *1983 – Arouna Koné, Ivorian footballer * 1983 – Philipp Lahm, German footballer * 1983 – Tatsuhisa Suzuki, Japanese voice actor and singer *1984 – Stephen Hunt (footballer born 1984), Stephen Hunt, English footballer * 1984 – Birkir Már Sævarsson, Icelandic footballer *1985 – Osvaldo Alonso, Cuban footballer * 1985 – Austin Collie, American football player * 1985 – Tiidrek Nurme, Estonian runner * 1985 – Jessica Sierra, American singer * 1985 – Robin Uthappa, Indian cricketer *1986 – François Trinh-Duc, French rugby player * 1986 – Jon Batiste, American singer and pianist * 1986 – Mark Sanchez, American football player * 1986 – Victor Cruz (American football), Victor Cruz, American football player *1987 – Vinny Guadagnino, American actor * 1987 – Chanelle Hayes, English model and singer *1988 – David Depetris, Argentinian-Slovak footballer * 1988 – Mikako Komatsu, Japanese voice actress and singer * 1988 – Kyle Naughton, English footballer *1989 – Nick Blackman, English-Israeli footballer * 1989 – Adam Rippon, American figure skater * 1989 – Reina Tanaka, Japanese singer * 1989 – Lewis Williamson, Scottish race car driver *1990 – James Segeyaro, Papua New Guinean rugby league player * 1990 – Tom Dumoulin, Dutch road bicycle racer * 1990 – Georginio Wijnaldum, Dutch footballer *
1992 File:1992 Events Collage V1.png, From left, clockwise: Riots break out across Los Angeles, California after the police beating of Rodney King; El Al Flight 1862 crashes into a residential apartment building in Amsterdam after two of its engines ...
– Sofía Luini, Argentine tennis player *
1993 File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
– Jamaal Lascelles, English footballer *1994 – Ellie Simmonds, English swimmer * 1994 – Sanju Samson, Indian cricketer *1995 – Josh Aloiai, New Zealand rugby league player * 1995 – Yuriko Miyazaki, British tennis player *1998 – Liudmila Samsonova, Russian tennis player


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 405 – Arsacius of Tarsus, Tarsian archbishop (b. 324) * 683 – Yazid I, Muslim caliph (b. 647) * 865 – Petronas (general), Petronas, Byzantine general * 865 – Antony the Younger, Byzantine monk and saint (b. 785) * 875 – Teutberga, queen of Lotharingia *
1028 Year 1028 ( MXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * November 11 – Emperor Constantine VIII dies at Constantinople after a 3-yea ...
Constantine VIII Constantine VIII Porphyrogenitus ( el, Κωνσταντῖνος Πορφυρογέννητος, ''Kōnstantinos Porphyrogénnetos''; 960 – 11/12 November 1028) was ''de jure'' Byzantine emperor from 962 until his death. He was the youn ...
, Byzantine emperor (b. 960) *1078 – Udo (archbishop of Trier), Udo of Nellenburg, Archbishop of Trier (during the siege of Tübingen) *1089 – Saint Peter Igneus, Italian Benedictine monk *1130 – Teresa of León, Countess of Portugal, Portuguese regent (b. 1080) *1189 – King William II of Sicily ("the Good") (b. 1153) *1285 – King Peter III of Aragon (b. 1239) *1331 – Stefan Uroš III Dečanski of Serbia (b. c. 1285) *1561 – Hans Tausen, Danish reformer (b. 1494) *1583 – Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Desmond, Irish rebel


1601–1900

*1623 – Philippe de Mornay, French theorist and author (b. 1549) *1638 – Cornelis van Haarlem, Dutch painter and illustrator (b. 1562) *
1724 Events January–March * January 15 – King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne in favour of his 16-year-old son Louis I. * January 18 – The Dutch East India Company cargo ship ''Fortuyn'', on its maiden voyage, dep ...
Joseph Blake, English criminal (b. 1700) *1812 – Platon Levshin, Russian metropolitan (b. 1737) * 1831
Nat Turner Nat Turner's Rebellion, historically known as the Southampton Insurrection, was a rebellion of enslaved Virginians that took place in Southampton County, Virginia, in August 1831.Schwarz, Frederic D.1831 Nat Turner's Rebellion" ''American Her ...
, American slave and rebel leader (b. 1800) *1855 – Søren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher, author, and poet (b. 1813) *1861 – Pedro V of Portugal (b. 1837) *1862 – James Madison Porter, American lawyer and politician, 18th United States Secretary of War (b. 1793) *
1880 Events January–March * January 22 – Toowong State School is founded in Queensland, Australia. * January – The international White slave trade affair scandal in Brussels is exposed and attracts international infamy. * February � ...
Ned Kelly Edward Kelly (December 1854 – 11 November 1880) was an Australian bushranger, outlaw, gang leader and convicted police-murderer. One of the last bushrangers, he is known for wearing a suit of bulletproof armour during his final shootout wi ...
, Australian criminal (b. 1855) * 1880 – Lucretia Mott, American activist (b. 1793) *1884 – Alfred Brehm, German zoologist, author, and illustrator (b. 1827) *
1887 Events January–March * January 11 – Louis Pasteur's anti-rabies treatment is defended in the Académie Nationale de Médecine, by Dr. Joseph Grancher. * January 20 ** The United States Senate allows the Navy to lease Pearl Har ...
Haymarket affair The Haymarket affair, also known as the Haymarket massacre, the Haymarket riot, the Haymarket Square riot, or the Haymarket Incident, was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square (C ...
defendants: * 1887 – George Engel, German-American businessman and activist (b. 1836) * 1887 –
Adolph Fischer Adolph Fischer (1858 – November 11, 1887) was an anarchist and labor union activist tried and executed after the Haymarket Riot. Early life Adolph Fischer immigrated to the United States in 1873 at the age of 15. He became an apprentic ...
, German-American printer and activist (b. 1858) * 1887 –
Albert Parsons Albert Richard Parsons (June 20, 1848 – November 11, 1887) was a pioneering American socialist and later anarchist newspaper editor, orator, and labor activist. As a teenager, he served in the military force of the Confederate States of Americ ...
, American journalist and activist (b. 1848) * 1887 –
August Spies August Vincent Theodore Spies (, ; December 10, 1855November 11, 1887) was an American upholsterer, radical labor activist, and newspaper editor. Spies is remembered as one of the anarchists in Chicago who were found guilty of conspiracy to comm ...
, American journalist and activist (b. 1855) *1888 – Pedro Ñancúpel, Chilean pirate active in the fjords and channels of Chile, fjords and channels of Patagonia. He was executed.


1901–present

*1917 – Liliuokalani of Hawaii (b. 1838) *
1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...
– George Lawrence Price, Canadian soldier (b. 1892) *
1919 Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the ...
– Pavel Chistyakov, Russian painter and educator (b. 1832) *
1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in Brazil. ** The Spanish liner ''Santa Isabel'' breaks ...
– Léon Moreaux, French target shooter (b. 1852) *1931 – Shibusawa Eiichi, Japanese businessman (b. 1840) *1939 – Bob Marshall (wilderness activist), Bob Marshall, American author and activist (b. 1901) *
1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *January ...
– Muhittin Akyüz, Turkish general and diplomat (b. 1870) *1944 – Munir Ertegun, Turkish diplomat (b. 1883) *1945 – Jerome Kern, American composer (b. 1885) *1949 – Loukas Kanakaris-Roufos, Greek lawyer and politician, List of foreign ministers of Greece, Greek Minister of Foreign Minister (b. 1878) *1950 – Alexandros Diomidis, Greek banker and politician, 145th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1875) *1953 – Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1866) *
1961 Events January * January 3 ** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba (Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015). ** Aero Flight 311 ...
– Behiç Erkin, Turkish colonel and politician, Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (Turkey), Turkish Minister of Environment and Urban Planning (b. 1876) *
1962 Events January * January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand. * January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism. * January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wo ...
– Joseph Ruddy, American swimmer and water polo player (b. 1878) *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
– Luis Arturo González López Guatemalan supreme court judge and briefly acting president (b. 1900) *
1968 The year was highlighted by Protests of 1968, protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – "Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechos ...
– Jeanne Demessieux, French pianist and composer (b. 1921) *
1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, me ...
– Berry Oakley, American bass player (b. 1948) *1973 – Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Finnish chemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895) * 1973 – Richard von Frankenberg, German race car driver and journalist (b. 1922) *1974 – Alfonso Leng, Chilean dentist, composer, and academic (b. 1894) *1976 – Alexander Calder, American sculptor (b. 1898) *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democrati ...
– Abraham Sarmiento, Jr., Filipino journalist and activist (b. 1950) *1979 – Dimitri Tiomkin, Ukrainian-American composer and conductor (b. 1894) *1980 – Vince Gair, Australian politician, 27th Premier of Queensland (b. 1901) *1984 – Martin Luther King, Sr., American pastor, missionary, and activist (b. 1899) *1985 – Pelle Lindbergh, Swedish ice hockey player (b. 1959) * 1985 – Arthur Rothstein, American photographer and educator (b. 1915) *1988 – Charles Groves Wright Anderson, South African-Australian colonel and politician (b. 1897) * 1988 – William Ifor Jones, Welsh conductor and organist (b. 1900) *1990 – Attilio Demaría, Argentinian footballer (b. 1909) * 1990 – Sadi Irmak, Turkish physician and politician, 17th List of Prime Ministers of Turkey, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1904) * 1990 – Alexis Minotis, Greek actor and director (b. 1898) * 1990 – Yiannis Ritsos, Greek poet and playwright (b. 1909) *
1993 File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
– Erskine Hawkins, American trumpet player and bandleader (b. 1914) * 1993 – John Stanley (cartoonist), John Stanley, American author and illustrator (b. 1914) *1994 – John A. Volpe, American soldier and politician, 61st Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1908) * 1994 – Tadeusz Żychiewicz, Polish journalist, historian, and publicist (b. 1922) *1997 – Rod Milburn, American hurdler and coach (b. 1950) * 1997 – William Alland, American film producer and writer (b. 1916) *1998 – Frank Brimsek, American ice hockey player and soldier (b. 1913) * 1998 – Paddy Clancy, Irish singer and actor (b. 1922) *
1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school s ...
– Mary Kay Bergman, American voice actress (b. 1961) * 1999 – Jacobo Timerman, Argentinian journalist and author (b. 1923) *
2000 File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...
– Sandra Schmitt, German skier (b. 1981) *
2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan ...
– Erna Viitol, Estonian sculptor (b. 1920) * 2002 – Frances Ames, South African neurologist, psychiatrist, and human rights activist (b. 1920) *2003 – Miquel Martí i Pol, Catalan poet (b. 1929) *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
– Dayton Allen, American comedian and voice actor (b. 1919) * 2004 –
Yasser Arafat Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf al-Qudwa al-Husseini (4 / 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), popularly known as Yasser Arafat ( , ; ar, محمد ياسر عبد الرحمن عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني, Mu ...
, Palestinian engineer and politician, 1st President of the Palestinian National Authority, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1929) * 2004 – Richard Dembo, French director and screenwriter (b. 1948) *2005 – Moustapha Akkad, Syrian-American director and producer (b. 1930) * 2005 – Patrick Anson, 5th Earl of Lichfield, English photographer (b. 1939) * 2005 – Peter Drucker, Austrian-American author, theorist, and educator (b. 1909) * 2006 – Belinda Emmett, Australian actress (b. 1974) *2007 – Delbert Mann, American director and producer (b. 1920) *2008 – Herb Score, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1933) * 2008 – Mustafa Şekip Birgöl, Turkish colonel (b. 1903) *2010 – Marie Osborne Yeats, American actress and costume designer (b. 1911) * 2011
Francisco Blake Mora José Francisco Blake Mora (; 22 May 1966 – 11 November 2011) was a Mexican lawyer and politician who served as the Secretary of the Interior in the cabinet of Felipe Calderón from 2010 to 2011. He was Mexico's top cabinet secretary and key ...
, Mexican lawyer and politician, Secretariat of the Interior (Mexico), Mexican Secretary of the Interior (b. 1966) *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
– Lam Adesina, Nigerian educator and politician, Governor of Oyo State (b. 1939) * 2012 – Joe Egan (rugby league), Joe Egan, English rugby player and coach (b. 1919) * 2012 – Rex Hunt (governor), Rex Hunt, English lieutenant, pilot, and diplomat, Governor of the Falkland Islands (b. 1926) * 2012 – Victor Mees, Belgian footballer (b. 1927) * 2012 – Harry Wayland Randall, American photographer (b. 1915) *2013 – John Barnhill (basketball), John Barnhill, American basketball player and coach (b. 1938) * 2013 – Domenico Bartolucci, Italian cardinal and composer (b. 1917) * 2013 – Bob Beckham, American singer-songwriter (b. 1927) * 2013 – John S. Dunne, American priest and theologian (b. 1929) * 2013 – Atilla Karaosmanoğlu, Turkish economist and politician, 33rd Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1931) *
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
– John Doar, American lawyer and activist (b. 1921) * 2014 – Big Bank Hank, American rapper (b. 1956) * 2014 – Philip G. Hodge, American engineer and academic (b. 1920) * 2014 – Harry Lonsdale, American chemist, businessman, and politician (b. 1932) * 2014 – Carol Ann Susi, American actress (b. 1952) *2015 – Rita Gross, American theologian and author (b. 1943) * 2015 – Nathaniel Marston, American actor and producer (b. 1975) *2016 – Victor Bailey (musician), Victor Bailey, American singer and bass player (b. 1960) * 2016 – Robert Vaughn, American actor (b. 1932) *2017 – Chiquito de la Calzada, Spanish singer, actor and comedian (b. 1932) *2021 – F. W. de Klerk, South African lawyer and politician, former State President of South Africa, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1936)


Holidays and observances

*Public holidays in Bhutan, Birthday of King Jigme Singye Wangchuck (
Bhutan Bhutan (; dz, འབྲུག་ཡུལ་, Druk Yul ), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan,), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is situated in the Eastern Himalayas, between China in the north and India in the south. A mountai ...
) *Children's Day (Croatia) *Christians, Christian feast day: **Bartholomew of Grottaferrata **Martin of Tours (Roman Catholic Church), and its St. Martin's Day, related observances. **Saint Menas, Menas **Saint Mercurius, Mercurius (Coptic Orthodox Church, Coptic) **Søren Kierkegaard (Lutheran Church) **Theodore the Studite **November 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *End of World War I-related observances: **
Armistice Day Armistice Day, later known as Remembrance Day in the Commonwealth and Veterans Day in the United States, is commemorated every year on 11 November to mark the armistice signed between the Allies of World War I and Germany at Compiègne, Fran ...
(New Zealand, France, Belgium and Serbia) **National Independence Day (Poland), commemorates the anniversary of Poland's assumption of independent statehood in 1918 **Remembrance Day (United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations, including Australia and Canada) **Veterans Day, called Armistice Day until 1954, when it was rededicated to honor American military (Army, Navy, Marine, and Air Force) veterans. (United States) *Public holidays in Angola, Independence Day, celebrates the independence of
Angola , national_anthem = "Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...
from Portugal in 1975. *Independence of Cartagena (Colombia) *Lāčplēsis Day, celebrates the victory over the Bermontians at the Battle of Riga in 1919. (Latvia) *Opening of carnival ("Karneval"/"Carnival#"Rhenish Carnival" (Rheinischer Karneval, Fasnacht, Fasnet, Fastabend, Fastelovend, Fasteleer, Fasching), Fasching"), on 11-11, at 11:11. (Germany, the Netherlands, and other countries) *National Education Day (India) *Republic Day (Maldives) *Singles' Day (China) *St. Martin's Day (Sint Maarten, Kingdom of the Netherlands) * Women's Day (Belgium) *Pepero Day (South Korea)


References


External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:November 11 Days of the year November