Sepultura

Sepultura (, "grave")Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 17. is a Brazilian heavy metal band formed in Belo Horizonte in 1984 by brothers Max and Igor Cavalera.Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 16. They were a major force in the groove metal, thrash metal, and death metal genres during the late 1980s and early 1990s, with their later experiments drawing influences from alternative metal, world music, nu metal, Dimery 2006 pg 782, "''Drawing on Brazilian Latin and tribal music, nu-metal, and Sepultura's own thrash/death style, the results were unique,''" progressive rock, hardcore punk, and industrial metal. Archived a
Sepultura.be
Sepultura is also considered part of the second wave of thrash metal acts from the late 1980s to early-to-mid-1990s.

Sepultura has released fifteen studio albums to date. The band released its debut album '' Morbid Visions'' in 1986, followed a year later by their second album ''Schizophrenia''; the latter caught the attention of several record labels, including Roadrunner Records, with whom Sepultura signed in 1988. Their third album, and Roadrunner debut, ''Beneath the Remains'' (1989) garnered the band its first breakthrough outside of Brazil. The next three albums—'' Arise'' (1991), '' Chaos A.D.'' (1993) and ''Roots'' (1996)—cemented Sepultura's reputation as one of the most successful heavy metal bands of the 1990s. The band has sold over three million units in the United States and almost 20 million worldwide, gaining multiple gold and platinum records around the globe, including in countries as diverse as France, Australia, Indonesia, the United States, Cyprus, and their native Brazil.Barcinski & Gomes 1999, page 143.

Sepultura has undergone several membership changes throughout its -year career, with Max and Igor Cavalera departing in 1997 and 2006, respectively. Their "classic" lineup, which lasted for nearly a decade, consisted of Max, Igor, bassist Paulo Jr. and guitarist Andreas Kisser. Since Igor's departure in 2006, there have been no original members left in the band. Although Paulo Jr. joined Sepultura shortly after its formation in late 1984 and is the longest serving member of the band, he did not perform on any of their studio albums until ''Chaos A.D.'' Kisser, who replaced onetime guitarist Jairo Guedz, has appeared on every Sepultura album since ''Schizophrenia''; he also recorded bass guitar until ''Chaos A.D.'' Their current lineup consists of Paulo Jr., Kisser, frontman Derrick Green (who replaced Max in 1997), and drummer Greyson Nekrutman. In March 2024, after four decades together, the band began what has been announced as a year-and-a-half-long farewell tour, after which they will disband.

History

Formation, ''Bestial Devastation'' and ''Morbid Visions'' (1984–1986)

Sepultura was formed in 1984 in Belo Horizonte, the capital city of Minas Gerais. The band was founded by brothers Max and Igor Cavalera, the impoverished sons of Vânia, a model, and Graciliano, a well-to-do Italian diplomat whose fatal heart attack left his family in financial ruin. Graciliano's death deeply affected his sons, inspiring them to form a band after Max heard Black Sabbath's 1972 album '' Vol. 4'' the very same day. They chose the band name Sepultura, the Portuguese word for "grave", when Max translated the lyrics of the Motörhead song "Dancing on Your Grave". The brothers were previously in a covers band.

The brothers' early influences included Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath, and Deep Purple, and heavy metal and hard rock artists of the late 1970s/early 1980s, such as Van Halen, Iron Maiden, Motörhead, AC/DC, Judas Priest, Ozzy Osbourne, and V8, as well as hardcore punk bands Terveet Kädet, Rattus, and Discharge. They would travel to a record shop in São Paulo that mixed tapes of then-latest records by American bands. Their listening habits changed dramatically after being introduced to Venom. As Igor Cavalera put it:

The Cavalera brothers started listening to more extreme metal bands at the time such as Hellhammer, Celtic Frost, Kreator, Sodom, Slayer, Megadeth, Exodus, and Exciter. They also had influences on Brazilian metal from bands like Stress, Sagrado Inferno, and Dorsal Atlântica. By 1984, they had dropped out of school. After several early membership changes, Sepultura established a stable lineup of Max on guitar, Igor on drums, lead vocalist Wagner Lamounier, and bassist Paulo Jr. Lamounier departed in March 1985 after disagreements with the band and went on to become the leader of the pioneering Brazilian black metal band Sarcófago. After his departure, Max took over the vocal duties and Jairo Guedz was invited to join the band as lead guitarist.

After a year of performing, Sepultura was signed to Cogumelo Records in 1985. Later that year, they released '' Bestial Devastation'', a split EP with fellow Brazilian band Overdose. It was recorded and self-produced in just two days. The band recorded their first full-length album, '' Morbid Visions'', in August 1986. It contained their first hit, "Troops of Doom", which gained some media attention. The band then decided to relocate to the larger city of São Paulo.

''Schizophrenia'', ''Beneath the Remains'' and ''Arise'' (1987–1992)

In early 1987, Guedz quit the band and was replaced by São Paulo-based guitarist Andreas Kisser. They released their second studio album, and debut with Kisser, ''Schizophrenia'', in October of that year. The album reflected a stylistic change towards a more thrash metal-oriented sound while retaining the death metal elements of ''Morbid Visions''. ''Schizophrenia'' displayed improved production and performance, and became a minor critical sensation across Europe and America as a much sought-after import. The band sent tapes to the United States that made radio playlists during a time when they were struggling to book gigs as club owners were afraid to book them because of their style. Sepultura gained attention from Roadrunner Records, who signed them in the spring of 1988 and released ''Schizophrenia'' internationally before seeing the band perform in person. About the deal with Roadrunner, Max Cavalera recalled to ''Revolver'' magazine, "We were finally going to get a real label, real producer, real studio. Things were happening...and it was up to us to write the best material possible. And I think that charged everybody up and we went into the jam room with an attitude of let's not fuck around. This is our shot. You only get so many shots in this life, and you gotta make it count."

During a May 2018 interview with teenyrockers.com, Kisser noted that Sepultura would not have been possible without family support, not only from his own family, but also from the families of Max and Igor, and Paulo Jr.

The band's third studio album, ''Beneath the Remains'', was released in April 1989. The album was recorded towards the end of 1988 in a rustic studio in Rio de Janeiro while the band communicated through translators with American producer Scott Burns. It was an immediate success and became known in thrash metal circles as a classic on the order of Slayer's '' Reign in Blood''. It was hailed by '' Terrorizer'' magazine as one of the all-time top 20 thrash metal albums, as well as gaining a place in their all-time top 40 death metal records.Hinchliffe 2006, page 54 AllMusic gave the album 4.5 stars out of 5 and said, "The complete absence of filler here makes this one of the most essential death/thrash metal albums of all time." A long European and American tour furthered the band's reputation, despite the fact that they were still very limited English speakers. Sepultura's first live dates outside of Brazil included opening for Sodom on their ''Agent Orange'' tour in Europe; following this was Sepultura's first U.S. show, which was held on October 31, 1989 at the Ritz in New York City, opening for King Diamond. The band filmed its first video for the song "Inner Self", which received considerable airplay on MTV's '' Headbangers Ball'', giving Sepultura their first exposure in North America. Touring in support of ''Beneath the Remains'' continued throughout most of 1990, including three shows in Brazil with Napalm Death, European dates with Mordred, and a North American tour with Obituary and Sadus.

In January 1991, Sepultura played for more than 100,000 people at the Rock in Rio II festival. The band relocated from their native Brazil to Phoenix, Arizona in 1990, obtained new management, and recorded their fourth studio album '' Arise'' at Morrisound Studios in Tampa, Florida. By the time the album was released in March 1991, the band had become one of the most critically praised thrash/death metal bands of the time. The first single " Dead Embryonic Cells" was a success, and the title track gained additional attention when its video was banned in America by MTV due to its apocalyptic religious imagery; it did, however, get some airplay on ''Headbangers Ball'' as did the music videos for "Dead Embryonic Cells" and "Desperate Cry". ''Arise'' was critically acclaimed and their first to chart on the ''Billboard'' 200, reaching No. 119.

Sepultura toured relentlessly throughout 1991 and 1992 in support of ''Arise''; its touring cycle began in May 1991 with a European trek with Sacred Reich and Heathen, followed by the New Titans on the Bloc tour in North America that included support from Sacred Reich, Napalm Death and Sick of It All. They also played with several other bands, including Slayer, Testament, Motörhead, Kreator, White Zombie, Type O Negative and Fudge Tunnel, and alongside Alice in Chains, Sepultura supported Ozzy Osbourne on the latter's tour for '' No More Tears''. Max Cavalera married the band's manager Gloria Bujnowski during this period. The ''Arise'' tour concluded in December 1992 with a North American tour, where the band (along with Helmet) supported Ministry on their '' Psalm 69'' tour.

''Chaos A.D.'', Nailbomb and ''Roots'' (1993–1996)

Sepultura's fifth album, '' Chaos A.D.'', was released in September 1993. Supported by the singles " Refuse/Resist", "Territory" and " Slave New World", this was their only album to be released in North America by Epic Records, and the first of two albums by Sepultura to be certified gold by the RIAA. It saw a departure from their death metal style, adding influences of groove metal, industrial and hardcore punk. While ''Chaos A.D.'' is not a death metal album, it does include elements of thrash metal music. AllMusic gave the album 4.5 stars out of 5 and wrote that, "''Chaos A.D.'' ranks as one of the greatest heavy metal albums of all time." The band supported the album by embarking on a year-long tour, starting with a headlining European run with Paradise Lost, followed by a North American tour with Fudge Tunnel, Fear Factory and Clutch. They were also one of the supporting acts (along with Biohazard and Prong) for Pantera's ''Far Beyond Driven'' tour in North America, and then opened for the Ramones in South America and toured Australia and New Zealand with Sacred Reich. By the time the ''Chaos A.D.'' tour ended in November 1994, Sepultura was one of the most successful heavy metal bands of the day.

Also in 1994, Max and Igor collaborated with Alex Newport of Fudge Tunnel to form Nailbomb. They released an even more industrial-oriented album, '' Point Blank'', the same year. The group performed its only proper gig for nearly two decades at Dynamo Open Air in 1995, and the performance was released as a live album, '' Proud to Commit Commercial Suicide''. Nailbomb disbanded shortly afterward.

Sepultura's sound change continued with their sixth album, ''Roots'', which was released in February 1996. On this album, the band experimented with elements of the music of Brazil's indigenous peoples, and adopted a slower, down-tuned sound. The album was hailed as a modern-day heavy metal classic and a major influence on the then-nascent nu metal scene. AllMusic gave it a rating of 4.5 stars out of 5 and said, "''Roots'' consolidates Sepultura's position as perhaps the most distinctive, original heavy metal band of the 1990s." Also in 1996, Sepultura performed "War (Guerra)" for the AIDS benefit album '' Silencio=Muerte: Red Hot + Latin'', produced by the Red Hot Organization.

Departure of Max Cavalera, Derrick Green joins and ''Against'' (1996–2000)

In August 1996, Sepultura played on the Castle Donington Monsters of Rock main stage alongside Kiss, Ozzy Osbourne, Paradise Lost, Type O Negative, Biohazard, and Fear Factory. The band was suddenly a three-piece with Andreas Kisser taking over on lead vocals after Max Cavalera left the concert site earlier in the day upon learning of the death of his stepson Dana Wells in a car accident. After Wells' funeral was finished, Max returned and continued to tour with Sepultura. A few months after Wells' death, the band had a meeting with Max and said that they wanted to fire their manager Gloria Bujnowski, who was Max's wife and Dana's mother, and find new management. Their reasoning was that Bujnowski was giving preferential treatment to Max while neglecting the rest of the band. Max, who was still coming to terms with the death of Wells, felt betrayed by his bandmates for wanting to get rid of Bujnowski and abruptly quit the band. Max Cavalera's final performance with Sepultura took place at the Brixton Academy in England on December 16, 1996. He officially left the band in January 1997 as the band opted not to renew a management contract with Bujnowski.

Following Max Cavalera's departure, the remaining members of Sepultura remained a three-piece for eight months and worked on new material, with Kisser handling vocals. In November 1997, the band announced that they were actively searching for a new vocalist. Among those who auditioned were Chuck Billy of Testament, Phil Demmel of Machine Head and Vio-lence, Marc Grewe of Morgoth, Jorge Rosado of Merauder, and a then-unknown Jason "Gong" Jones. American musician Derrick Green (from Cleveland, Ohio) was selected as the band's new frontman. Sepultura played their first show with Green to a handful of their fan club members at their rehearsal space in Brazil in February 1998. The band played their first public show under the pseudonym "Troops of Doom" on July 8, 1998, at the House of Blues in Los Angeles, where they were supported by Human Waste Project (the band's last show at the time), Tura Satana and Spineshank. The first album with the new lineup was '' Against'', which was released in October 1998. The album was critically and commercially less successful than previous albums and sold considerably fewer copies than the self-titled debut album by Max Cavalera's then-new band Soulfly. In a retrospective review AllMusic gave the album 3 stars out of 5, stating that "there are enough flashes of the old Sepultura brilliance to suggest that great things are still to come."

''Nation'' and ''Roorback'' (2001–2005)

Sepultura's eighth album, ''Nation'' (2001), sold poorly. It would be their last studio album with Roadrunner Records. AllMusic gave the album 3 stars out of 5 and said, "As Green scrapes the lining of his vocal chords through the brash, impassioned tracks, he's singing about more than just 'one nation, Sepulnation'; he's suggesting something bigger, something worth shouting about and fighting for." In an interview, Derrick Green said that, "Every song will be related to the idea of building this nation. We will have our own flags, our own anthem." A recording of Max Cavalera's last live show with Sepultura, titled '' Under a Pale Grey Sky'', was released in 2002 by Roadrunner Records.

After recording an EP of covers, '' Revolusongs'' (2002), the band released their ninth studio album, '' Roorback'', in 2003. Despite receiving greater critical acclaim than its predecessors, sales remained low. It was their first album with SPV Records. AllMusic gave the album 4 stars out of 5 and said, "if there are still any lingering doubts about the Green/Sepultura match, 2003's excellent ''Roorback'' should put them to rest for good. Green is passionate and focused throughout the album — he has no problem going that extra mile — and the writing is consistently strong." In 2005, the band played in Dubai for the annual Dubai Desert Rock Festival. In November of that year, a live double DVD/double CD package, '' Live in São Paulo'', was released. This was the first official live album from the band.

''Dante XXI'', departure of Igor Cavalera, and ''A-Lex'' (2006–2010)

Sepultura's tenth studio album, '' Dante XXI'', was released on March 14, 2006. It is a concept album based on Dante Alighieri's ''The Divine Comedy''. Music videos were released for the songs "Convicted in Life" and "Ostia". AllMusic gave the album 3.5 stars out of 5 and said that, "Overall, ''Dante XXI'' is easily one of Sepultura's strongest releases to feature Green on vocals."

In a 2007 interview with ''Revolver'' magazine, Max Cavalera stated that he and Igor, both of whom had recently reconciled after a near decade-long feud, would reunite with the original Sepultura lineup. There were also rumors that the reunited lineup would play on the main stage at Ozzfest 2007. However, this was denied by Kisser and the reunion did not occur. Instead, Igor Cavalera left Sepultura after the release of ''Dante XXI'' and was replaced by Brazilian drummer Jean Dolabella, leaving the band without any of its original members. After leaving Sepultura, Igor and Max formed Cavalera Conspiracy.

The band was one of the featured musical guests at the Latin Grammy Awards of 2008 on November 13. They performed a cover of "The Girl from Ipanema", and "We've Lost You" from the album ''A-Lex''. The 9th annual Latin Grammy Awards ceremony was held at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas and aired on Univision. Sepultura also appeared in a successful ad campaign for Volkswagen motors commercial that aired nationally throughout Brazil in 2008. The spot said that "it's the first time you've seen Sepultura like this. And a Sedan like this one too". The Volkswagen TV spot shows Sepultura playing bossa nova, as opposed to its heavy metal style, to say that "you never saw something like this, as you never saw a car like the new Voyage."

Sepultura released the album '' A-Lex'' on January 26, 2009. This was the first Sepultura album to include neither of the Cavalera brothers, with bassist Paulo Jr. as the sole remaining member from the band's debut album. ''A-Lex'' is a concept album based on the book '' A Clockwork Orange''. The album was recorded at Trama Studios in São Paulo, Brazil, with producer Stanley Soares. AllMusic gave the album 4 stars out of 5 and said, "Personnel changes can have a very negative effect on a band, but Sepultura have maintained their vitality all these years – and that vitality is alive and well on the superb ''A-Lex''." In the same year Andreas Kisser contributed his recipe for "Churrasco in Soy Sauce" to '' Hellbent for Cooking: The Heavy Metal Cookbook'', stating in the recipe that he prefers his meat "medium-rare". Sepultura supported Metallica on January 30 and 31, 2010, at the Morumbi Stadium in São Paulo. The two concerts were attended by 100,000 people. The band filmed a concert DVD in 2010. Sepultura played at Kucukciftlik Park, Istanbul, on April 27, 2010. On August 8, 2010, visited the UK to play at the Hevy Music Festival near Folkestone.

''Kairos'' and ''The Mediator Between Head and Hands Must Be the Heart'' (2010–2015)

On July 6, 2010, it was announced that Sepultura was signed with Nuclear Blast Records, and would release their first album for the label in 2011. The band confirmed that there would be no reunion of the classic lineup. By the end of 2010, the band began writing new material and entered the studio to begin recording their 12th album with producer Roy Z. On March 1, 2011, Sepultura had completed recording the album, entitled ''Kairos'', which was released in June 2011.

The album includes cover versions of Ministry's " Just One Fix" and The Prodigy's " Firestarter", both of which are available as bonus tracks on various special-edition releases. Sepultura played on the Kairos World Tour and at Wacken Open Air 2011. Drummer Jean Dolabella left the band and was replaced by then-20-year-old Eloy Casagrande in November 2011, who had previously played in Brazilian heavy metal singer Andre Matos' solo band and in the Brazilian post-hardcore band Gloria. In November and December 2011, Sepultura participated the Thrashfest Classics tour alongside thrash metal bands like Exodus, Destruction, Heathen and Mortal Sin.

In May 2012, guitarist Andreas Kisser told Metal Underground that Sepultura would soon "start working on something new with Eloy" and see if they could "get ready for new music early next year". In an interview at England's Bloodstock Open Air on August 10, 2012, Kisser revealed that Sepultura would be filming a live DVD with the French percussive group Les Tambours du Bronx. He also revealed that the band was "already thinking about new ideas" for their next album and would "have something new going on" in 2013.

On December 10, 2012, producer Ross Robinson, who produced Sepultura's ''Roots'' album, tweeted: "Oh, didn't mention.. Spoke to Andreas, it's on. My vision, smoke ''Roots''", suggesting he would be producing the band's next album. This was later confirmed, as well as an announcement that it would be co-produced by Steve Evetts. Former Slayer drummer Dave Lombardo made a guest appearance on the album.

On January 25, 2013, it was announced that author Jason Korolenko was working on ''Relentless – 30 Years of Sepultura'', which is described in a press release as "the only book-length biography to cover the band's entire 30-year career." ''Relentless'' was published on October 8, 2014, in Poland under the title ''Brazylijska Furia,'' and the English language edition was published via Rocket 88 on December 4, 2014. The Brazilian edition, titled ''Relentless – 30 Anos de Sepultura'', was scheduled for publication via Benvira in early 2015. The French language edition of ''Relentless'' was published in France on October 19, 2015.

On July 19, 2013, it was revealed that the title of the band's thirteenth album was '' The Mediator Between Head and Hands Must Be the Heart''. In September 2013, they performed at Rock in Rio with Brazilian rock/ MPB artist Zé Ramalho – this lineup was named "Zépultura", a portmanteau of both artists' names.

''Machine Messiah'' and ''Quadra'' (2016–2023)

After spending more than two years of touring in support of ''The Mediator Between Head and Hands Must Be the Heart'', Sepultura entered the studio in mid-2016 to begin recording their fourteenth studio album, with Jens Bogren as the producer. The resulting album, '' Machine Messiah'', was released on January 13, 2017. Sepultura promoted the album with a series of world tours, including supporting Kreator on their '' Gods of Violence'' tour in Europe in February–March 2017, and along with Prong, they supported Testament on the latter's '' Brotherhood of the Snake'' tour in North America in April–May 2017. The band also toured Europe in February–March 2018 with Obscura, Goatwhore and Fit for an Autopsy, and Australia in May with Death Angel.

The first official Sepultura documentary, ''Sepultura Endurance'', was premiered in May 2017 and released on June 17. Max and Igor declined to be interviewed for the film and also refused to allow early material of the band to be used.

In an August 2018 interview at Wacken Open Air, Kisser confirmed that Sepultura had begun the songwriting process of their fifteenth studio album, and stated later that month that it would not be released before 2020. The band began recording the album, again with producer Bogren, in August 2019 for a tentative February 2020 release.

In October 2019, during their performance at Rock in Rio 8, the band announced the name and revealed the cover for their fifteenth studio album, which was named '' Quadra''. They also debuted the lead single, titled "Isolation", which is also the opening track for the album. On November 8, they released the studio version of "Isolation" and announced that ''Quadra'' would be released on February 7, 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Sepultura had not been able to tour or play any shows in support of ''Quadra'' for over two years after its release. They played their first show in two years at Circo Voador in Rio de Janeiro on February 12, 2022. The band promoted ''Quadra'' by touring North America with Sacred Reich, Crowbar and Art of Shock, and Europe with the two-thirds of the North American leg (only Sacred Reich and Crowbar remaining); due to the COVID-19 situation, the tours had been rescheduled to two years from March and April 2020 and a year from the fall of 2021 respectively. Drummer Bruno Valverde of Angra was brought to fill in for Eloy Casagrande on the last three dates of the US tour, as the latter could not perform due to a leg injury. Due to a "family emergency", Kisser was temporarily filled in by Jean Patton of Project46 on the summer 2022 European tour; the reason behind this "family emergency" situation turned out to be Kisser's wife Patricia's battle with colon cancer, which she died from on July 3. The band also co-headlined the Klash of the Titans tour in North America with Kreator during the spring of 2023, with Death Angel and SpiritWorld as the supporting acts.

Sepultura released a quarantine collaboration album on August 13, 2021, titled ''SepulQuarta'', which includes contributions by members of Megadeth, Testament, Anthrax, System of a Down, Trivium and Sacred Reich.

In a July 2022 interview, frontman Derrick Green confirmed that Sepultura would begin working on their next studio album after the end of the ''Quadra'' tour, in 2024 at the earliest. Kisser later indicated that the band was not expected to release another studio album before at least 2025 or for "a few years".

40th anniversary and farewell tour (2023–present)

In August 2023, Kisser revealed that Sepultura would be celebrating its 40th anniversary as a band in 2024 with a "special tour", which he said would not include a reunion with Max and Igor Cavalera, and commemorate this anniversary with a live album.

On December 8, 2023, Sepultura announced that they would be embarking on a farewell tour in 2024 in celebration of their 40th anniversary. It was set to run for 18 months, indicating that they were set to disband in 2025; however, Kisser has since stated that the tour will end around late 2026. When asked about the band "departing via a conscious and planned death on this farewell tour", Kisser explained, "There were a few factors, including the fortieth anniversary. Surviving the pandemic gave us new perspective, and then two years ago my wife passed away from cancer. It made me realise that dying can bring new possibilities for life. Live in the present, there might not be a tomorrow." The first show of the tour took place at the Arena Hall in Belo Horizonte on March 1, 2024.

Kisser has said that he would be open to reuniting with any former members (particularly the Cavalera brothers) for one final show. Despite initially saying that he was open to reuniting with Sepultura, Max Cavalera ruled out this possibility in a July 2024 interview with '' Metal Injection'', explaining, "The more the time passes by, the more I feel that I don't need to eunite with Sepultura Like I said, the real reunion is between myself and Igor, and I did that. It's pure magic and amazing what we're doing right now. You kind of have to realise if we end up doing a Sepultura reunion, it's almost like we can't go back to the Cavalera thing, you know? It won't really make sense."

Three days before the farewell tour began, it was announced that Casagrande had quit the band on February 6, 2024, to join "another project", later revealed to be Slipknot. He later stated that one of the reasons he left Sepultura was because he "didn't want to stop playing drums at the age of 33." Casagrande was replaced by former Suicidal Tendencies drummer Greyson Nekrutman.

In November 2024, Kisser revealed that Sepultura would release an EP with four new songs.

Musical style, influences, and legacy

Sepultura has been influenced by a variety of music, including rock, heavy metal and hard rock bands such as Yes, Rush, Queen, Kiss, Black Sabbath, Judas Priest, Motörhead, Iron Maiden, Scorpions, Venom, Celtic Frost, Twisted Sister, Triumph, Whitesnake and Corrosion of Conformity, thrash metal bands Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, Exodus, Overkill, Testament, Anthrax, Kreator, Sodom, Destruction and Sacrifice, and death metal bands Possessed and Death. They were also influenced by punk bands such as the Ramones, the Sex Pistols, Terveet Kädet, Rattus, Black Flag, the Dead Kennedys, Kaaos, Discharge, S.O.D., Amebix, Sick of It All, Agnostic Front, the Cro-Mags, Gorilla Biscuits and New Model Army, as well as early U2. Kisser has affirmed that "without Slayer, Sepultura would never be possible."

Sepultura's music comes in a wide range of heavy metal musical styles. The band has been described mainly as thrash metal and death metal, and considered one of the primary inventors of the latter genre. Another genre that the band has been commonly categorized under is groove metal.Best Sepultura Albums by Dan Marsicano - ''Retrieved'' on 11/20/2014
The band later on started experimenting with elements of other musical genres such as hardcore punk, industrial metal, alternative metal, world music, and nu metal. The band's first EP '' Bestial Devastation'' and debut album '' Morbid Visions'' were influenced by first-wave black metal such as Venom and Celtic Frost. Additionally, both records have been referred to as blackened death metal. Sepultura put more emphasis on the thrash metal part of their sound starting with ''Schizophrenia'', and by ''Beneath the Remains'' and '' Arise'', had abandoned black metal entirely.

Elements of Latin music, samba and Brazilian folk and tribal music have also been incorporated into Sepultura's metal style, particularly on ''Roots''. ''Roots'' was partly recorded with the indigenous Xavante tribe in Mato Grosso, and incorporates percussion, rhythms, chanting and lyrical themes inspired by the collaboration.

Looking back on the band's career arc in a 2016 article on Max and Igor Cavalera's retrospective Return to Roots tour (in commemoration of the album's 20th anniversary), ''Nashville Scene'' contributor Saby Reyes-Kulkarni observed that, "Before ''Chaos A.D.'', the overwhelming majority of metal had a 'white' feel to it. Sepultura changed that forever. And with ''Roots,'' the band went a step further, asserting once and for all that the genre can accommodate native stylings from any culture, much like jazz had done for decades prior."

MTV called Sepultura the most successful Brazilian heavy metal band in history and "perhaps the most important heavy metal band of the '90s." In 1993, Robert Baird of ''Phoenix New Times'' wrote that the band played "machine-gun-tempo mayhem" and that the members "love to attack organized religion and repressive government."

A number of bands have cited Sepultura as an influence, including Slipknot, Korn, Hatebreed, Alien Weaponry, Krisiun, Gojira, Between the Buried and Me, Bullet for My Valentine, Xibalba, Vein, Toxic Holocaust, Children of Bodom, Code Orange, Puya, and Nails.

Band members

Current members

* Paulo Jr. – bass (1984–present, only live until 1992), backing vocals (1984–present); percussion (1993–1997)
* Andreas Kisser – lead guitar, backing vocals (1987–present); lead vocals (1996, 1997); bass (1987–1991, only in studio); rhythm guitar (1996–present)
* Derrick Green – lead vocals (1997–present); percussion (2005–present); additional rhythm guitar (1998–2005)
* Greyson Nekrutman – drums, percussion (2024–present)

Discography

* '' Morbid Visions'' (1986)
* ''Schizophrenia'' (1987)
* ''Beneath the Remains'' (1989)
* '' Arise'' (1991)
* '' Chaos A.D.'' (1993)
* ''Roots'' (1996)
* '' Against'' (1998)
* ''Nation'' (2001)
* '' Roorback'' (2003)
* '' Dante XXI'' (2006)
* '' A-Lex'' (2009)
* ''Kairos'' (2011)
* '' The Mediator Between Head and Hands Must Be the Heart'' (2013)
* '' Machine Messiah'' (2017)
* '' Quadra'' (2020)

Notes

References

Bibliography

*Anonymous (May 2003). ''Beneath the Remains''. In: ''A Megaton Hit Parade: The All-Time Thrash Top 20''. ''Terrorizer'' No. 109, page 35.
* Barcinski, André & Gomes, Silvio (1999). ''Sepultura: Toda a História''. São Paulo: Ed. 34. . . . .
*Colmatti, Andréa (1997). Sepultura: Igor Cavalera. ''Modern Drummer Brasil, 6,'' 18–26, 28–30.
*Hinchliffe, James (December 2006). ''Beneath the Remains''. In: ''Death Metal, The DM Top 40''. ''Terrorizer'' No. 151, page 54.
*Lemos, Anamaria (1993). Caos Desencanado. ''Bizz, 98,'' 40–45.
*Schwarz, Paul (2005). ''Morbid Visions''. In: ''The First Wave''. ''Terrorizer, 128'', 42.
*Sepultura (1996). ''Roots.'' D New York, NY: Roadrunner Records. The 25th Anniversary Series (2-CD Reissue, 2005).
*

External links

*
*
*
*

{{Authority control

Brazilian thrash metal musical groups
Brazilian death metal musical groups
English-language musical groups from Brazil
Roadrunner Records artists
Musical groups established in 1984
Musical groups from Belo Horizonte
Alternative metal musical groups
Brazilian musical quartets
Groove metal musical groups
Brazilian heavy metal musical groups
Brazilian political music groups
Nuclear Blast artists
Articles which contain graphical timelines
1984 establishments in Brazil
Sibling musical groups