Events

Pre-1600

* 9 – The

Battle of the Teutoburg Forest The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, also called the Varus Disaster or Varian Disaster () by Ancient Rome, Roman historians, was a major battle fought between an alliance of Germanic peoples and the Roman Empire between September 8 and 11, 9&nbs ...

ends: The

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Roman people, Romans conquered most of this during the Roman Republic, Republic, and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian's assumption of ...

suffers the greatest defeat of its history and the

Rhine The Rhine ( ) is one of the List of rivers of Europe, major rivers in Europe. The river begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps. It forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein border, then part of the Austria–Swit ...

is established as the border between the Empire and the so-called barbarians for the next four hundred years. * 1185 –

Isaac II Angelos Isaac II Angelos or Angelus (; September 1156 – 28 January 1204) was Byzantine Emperor from 1185 to 1195, and co-Emperor with his son Alexios IV Angelos from 1203 to 1204. In a 1185 revolt against the Emperor Andronikos Komnenos, Isaac ...

kills Stephen Hagiochristophorites and then appeals to the people, resulting in the revolt that deposes

Andronikos I Komnenos Andronikos I Komnenos (; – 12 September 1185), Latinized as Andronicus I Comnenus, was Byzantine emperor from 1183 to 1185. A nephew of John II Komnenos (1118–1143), Andronikos rose to fame in the reign of his cousin Manuel I Komne ...

and places Isaac on the throne of the

Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived History of the Roman Empire, the events that caused the ...

. * 1275 – An earthquake occurred in the south of Great Britain, notably causing multiple fatalities as well as destroying St Michael's Church on

Glastonbury Tor Glastonbury Tor is a hill near Glastonbury in the English county of Somerset, topped by the roofless tower of St Michael's Church, a Grade I Listed building (United Kingdom), listed building. The site is managed by the National Trust and has be ...

. * 1297 – Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scots jointly led by William Wallace and Andrew Moray defeat the English. * 1390 –

Lithuanian Civil War (1389–92) Lithuanian Civil War may refer to: * Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384), a war between Jogaila and his uncle Kęstutis with son Vytautas * Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392), a war between Jogaila and his cousin Vytautas * Lithuanian Civil War (143 ...

: The

Teutonic Knights The Teutonic Order is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem was formed to aid Christians on their pilgrimages to t ...

begin a five-week siege of

Vilnius Vilnius ( , ) is the capital of and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, most-populous city in the Baltic states. The city's estimated January 2025 population w ...

. *

1541 __NOTOC__ Year 1541 ( MDXLI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 4 – Leonardo Cattaneo della Volta is elected to a two-year term as the new Doge of the Republic o ...

–

Santiago Santiago (, ; ), also known as Santiago de Chile (), is the capital and largest city of Chile and one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is located in the country's central valley and is the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Regi ...

, Chile, is attacked by indigenous warriors, led by

Michimalonco Michima Lonco ( – ) (''lonco'' meaning "head" or "chief" in Mapudungun language, Mapudungun) was a Mapuche chief who ruled as an independent sovereign over the territory of the Aconcagua, Mapocho and Maipo valleys. He freed the Picunche (norther ...

, to free eight indigenous chiefs held captive by the Spaniards. *

1565 Year 1565 ( MDLXV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 3 – In the Tsardom of Russia, Ivan the Terrible originates the oprichnina (repression of the boyars (aristocrats) ...

– Ottoman forces retreat from

Malta Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, is an island country in Southern Europe located in the Mediterranean Sea, between Sicily and North Africa. It consists of an archipelago south of Italy, east of Tunisia, and north of Libya. The two ...

ending the

Great Siege of Malta The Great Siege of Malta (Maltese language, Maltese: ''L-Assedju l-Kbir'') occurred in 1565 when the Ottoman Empire attempted to conquer the island of Malta, then held by the Knights Hospitaller. The siege lasted nearly four months, from 18 May t ...

1601–1900

1609 Events January–March * January 12 – The Basque witch trials are started in Spain as the court of the Spanish Inquisition, Inquisition at Logroño receives a letter from the commissioner of the village of Zugarramurdi, and ...

–

Henry Hudson Henry Hudson ( 1565 – disappeared 23 June 1611) was an English sea explorer and navigator during the early 17th century, best known for his explorations of present-day Canada and parts of the Northeastern United States. In 1607 and 16 ...

arrives on

Manhattan Island Manhattan ( ) is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. Coextensive with New York County, Manhattan is the smallest county by area in the U.S. state of New York. Located almost entire ...

and meets the indigenous people living there. *

1649 Events January–March * January 4 – In England, the Rump Parliament passes an ordinance to set up a High Court of Justice, to try Charles I for high treason. * January 17 – The Second Ormonde Peace concludes an allian ...

– Siege of Drogheda ends:

Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English statesman, politician and soldier, widely regarded as one of the most important figures in British history. He came to prominence during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, initially ...

's Parliamentarian troops take the town and execute its garrison. * 1683 – Coalition forces, including the famous winged Hussars, led by Polish King

John III Sobieski John III Sobieski ( (); (); () 17 August 1629 – 17 June 1696) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death in 1696. Born into Polish nobility, Sobieski was educated at the Jagiellonian University and toured Eur ...

lift the siege laid by Ottoman forces ahead of the

Battle of Vienna The Battle of Vienna took place at Kahlenberg Mountain near Vienna on 1683 after the city had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months. The battle was fought by the Holy Roman Empire (led by the Habsburg monarchy) and the Polish–Li ...

. *

1697 Events January–March * January 8 – Thomas Aikenhead is hanged outside Edinburgh, becoming the last person in Great Britain to be executed for blasphemy. * January 11 – French writer Charles Perrault releases the book '' Histoires ...

–

Battle of Zenta The Battle of Zenta, also known as the Battle of Senta, took place on 11 September 1697 near Zenta, in the Kingdom of Hungary, then under Ottoman occupation (present-day Serbia). It was a decisive engagement of the Great Turkish War, fought ...

: a major engagement in the

Great Turkish War The Great Turkish War () or The Last Crusade, also called in Ottoman sources The Disaster Years (), was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League (1684), Holy League consisting of the Holy Roman Empire, Polish–Lith ...

(1683–1699) and one of the most decisive defeats in Ottoman history. * 1708 –

Charles XII of Sweden Charles XII, sometimes Carl XII () or Carolus Rex (17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 Old Style and New Style dates, O.S.), was King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718. He belonged to the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch line of the House of ...

stops his march to conquer Moscow outside

Smolensk Smolensk is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, west-southwest of Moscow. First mentioned in 863, it is one of the oldest cities in Russia. It has been a regional capital for most of ...

, marking the turning point in the

Great Northern War In the Great Northern War (1700–1721) a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern Europe, Northern, Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the ant ...

. The army is defeated nine months later in the Battle of Poltava, and the

Swedish Empire The Swedish Empire or the Great Power era () was the period in Swedish history spanning much of the 17th and early 18th centuries during which Sweden became a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic regi ...

ceases to be a major power. * 1709 – Battle of Malplaquet: Great Britain, Netherlands, and Austria fight against France. * 1714 – Siege of Barcelona:

Barcelona Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...

, capital city of the

Principality of Catalonia The Principality of Catalonia (; ; ; ) was a Middle Ages, medieval and early modern state (polity), state in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula. During most of its history it was in dynastic union with the Kingdom of Aragon, constituting together ...

, surrenders to Spanish and French Bourbon armies in the

War of the Spanish Succession The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict fought between 1701 and 1714. The immediate cause was the death of the childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700, which led to a struggle for control of the Spanish E ...

. *

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...

– Battle of Saint Cast: France repels British invasion during the

Seven Years' War The Seven Years' War, 1756 to 1763, was a Great Power conflict fought primarily in Europe, with significant subsidiary campaigns in North America and South Asia. The protagonists were Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and Kingdom of Prus ...

. *

1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement on April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's ride. The Second Continental Congress took various steps tow ...

–

Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec In September 1775, early in the American Revolutionary War, Colonel Benedict Arnold led a force of 1,100 Continental Army troops on an expedition from Cambridge, Massachusetts, Cambridge in the Province of Massachusetts Bay to the gates of Que ...

leaves

Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is a suburb in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, located directly across the Charles River from Boston. The city's population as of the 2020 United States census, ...

. *

1776 Events January–February * January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces. * January ...

– British–American

peace conference A peace conference is a diplomatic meeting where representatives of states, armies, or other warring parties converge to end hostilities by negotiation and signing and ratifying a peace treaty. Significant international peace conferences in ...

Staten Island Staten Island ( ) is the southernmost of the boroughs of New York City, five boroughs of New York City, coextensive with Richmond County and situated at the southernmost point of New York (state), New York. The borough is separated from the ad ...

fails to stop nascent

American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the armed conflict that comprised the final eight years of the broader American Revolution, in which Am ...

. *

1777 Events January–March * January 2 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of the Assunpink Creek: American general George Washington's army repulses a British attack by Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, in a second ...

– American Revolutionary War: Battle of Brandywine: The British celebrate a major victory in

Chester County, Pennsylvania Chester County (Pennsylvania Dutch language, Pennsylvania Dutch: ''Tscheschter Kaundi''), colloquially referred to as Chesco, is a County (United States), county in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is located in ...

. *

1780 Events January–March * January 16 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Cape St. Vincent: British Admiral Sir George Rodney defeats a Spanish fleet. * February 19 – The legislature of New York votes to all ...

– American Revolutionary War: Sugarloaf massacre: A small detachment of militia from

Northampton County, Pennsylvania Northampton County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 312,951. Its county seat is Easton. The county was formed in 1752 from parts of Bucks County. Its namesake was the c ...

, are attacked by Native Americans and Loyalists near Little Nescopeck Creek. *

1786 Events January–March * January 3 – The third Treaty of Hopewell is signed between the United States and the Choctaw. * January 6 – The outward bound East Indiaman '' Halsewell'' is wrecked on the south coast of Englan ...

– The beginning of the Annapolis Convention. *

1789 Events January–March * January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet '' What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution. * January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential election ...

–

Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 dur ...

is appointed the first

United States Secretary of the Treasury The United States secretary of the treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States. The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal a ...

. *

1792 Events January–March * January 9 – The Treaty of Jassy ends the Russian Empire's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea. * January 25 – The London Corresponding Society is founded. * February 18 – Thomas Holcrof ...

– The Hope Diamond is stolen along with other French crown jewels when six men break into the house where they are stored. *

1800 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 18), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 12 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 16), ...

– The Maltese National Congress Battalions are disbanded by British Civil Commissioner Alexander Ball. * 1802 – France annexes the Kingdom of Piedmont. *

1803 Events January–March * January 1 – The first edition of Alexandre Balthazar Laurent Grimod de La Reynière's ''Almanach des gourmands'', the first guide to restaurant cooking, is published in Paris. * January 4 – William Symingt ...

– The Battle of Delhi, during the

Second Anglo-Maratha War Second Anglo-Maratha War (from 1803 –1805) was a large conflict within the Maratha Confederacy, Maratha Empire involving the British East India Company. It resulted in major loss of territory for the Marathas, including regions around Delhi a ...

, between British troops under General Lake, and

Maratha The Marathi people (; Marathi: , ''Marāṭhī lōk'') or Marathis (Marathi: मराठी, ''Marāṭhī'') are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group who are native to Maharashtra in western India. They natively speak Marathi, an Indo-A ...

s of

Scindia House of Scindia or earlier known as the Sendrak was a Hindu Maratha Royal House that ruled the erstwhile Gwalior State in central India. Ranoji Scindia rose as a prominent military commander under Peshwa Bajirao I. Ranoji and his descendants ...

's army under General Louis Bourquin ends in a British victory. * 1813 –

War of 1812 The War of 1812 was fought by the United States and its allies against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom and its allies in North America. It began when the United States United States declaration of war on the Uni ...

: British troops arrive in

Mount Vernon Mount Vernon is the former residence and plantation of George Washington, a Founding Father, commander of the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War, and the first president of the United States, and his wife, Martha. An American landmar ...

and prepare to march to and invade

Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...

1814 Events January * January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine. * January 3 ** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French gar ...

– War of 1812: The climax of the Battle of Plattsburgh, a major United States victory in the war. *

1826 Events January–March * January 15 – The French newspaper ''Le Figaro'' begins publication in Paris, initially as a satirical weekly. * January 17 – The Ballantyne printing business in Edinburgh (Scotland) crashes, ruining noveli ...

– Captain William Morgan, an ex-

freemason Freemasonry (sometimes spelled Free-Masonry) consists of fraternal groups that trace their origins to the medieval guilds of stonemasons. Freemasonry is the oldest secular fraternity in the world and among the oldest still-existing organizati ...

is arrested in

Batavia, New York Batavia is a city in and the county seat of Genesee County, New York, United States. It is located near the center of the county, surrounded by the Town of Batavia, which is a separate municipality. Batavia's population, as of the 2020 census, ...

for debt after declaring that he would publis
The Mysteries of Free Masonry
a book against

Freemasonry Freemasonry (sometimes spelled Free-Masonry) consists of fraternal groups that trace their origins to the medieval guilds of stonemasons. Freemasonry is the oldest secular fraternity in the world and among the oldest still-existing organizati ...

. This sets into motion the events that led to his mysterious disappearance. *

1829 Events January–March * January 19 – August Klingemann's adaptation of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's '' Faust'' premieres in Braunschweig. * February 27 – Battle of Tarqui: Troops of Gran Colombia and Peru battle to a draw. * Marc ...

– An expedition led by Isidro Barradas at

Tampico Tampico is a city and port in the southeastern part of the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. It is located on the north bank of the Pánuco River, about inland from the Gulf of Mexico, and directly north of the state of Veracruz. Tampico is the fif ...

, sent by the Spanish crown to retake Mexico, surrenders at the Battle of Tampico, marking the effective end of Spain's resistance to Mexico's campaign for independence. *

1830 It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy. Events January–March * January 11 – LaGrange College (later the University of North Alabama) ...

–

Anti-Masonic Party The Anti-Masonic Party was the earliest Third party (United States), third party in the United States. Formally a Single-issue politics, single-issue party, it strongly opposed Freemasonry in the United States. It was active from the late 1820s, ...

convention; one of the first American political party conventions. *

1836 Events January–March * January 1 — Hill Street Academy is named Colombo Academy and acquired by the Government, establishing the first public school in Sri Lanka. * January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand ...

– The Riograndense Republic is proclaimed by rebels after defeating

Empire of Brazil The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and Uruguay until the latter achieved independence in 1828. The empire's government was a Representative democracy, representative Par ...

's troops in the Battle of Seival, during the

Ragamuffin War The Ragamuffin War, also known as the Ragamuffin Revolution or Heroic Decade, was a republican uprising that began in southern Brazil, in the province (current state) of Rio Grande do Sul in 1835. The rebels were led by Generals Bento Gonçalv ...

. *

1851 Events January–March * January 11 – Hong Xiuquan officially begins the Taiping Rebellion in China, one of the bloodiest revolts that would lead to 20 million deaths. * January 15 – Christian Female College, modern-d ...

– Christiana Resistance: Escaped slaves led by William Parker fight off and kill a slave owner who, with a federal marshal and an armed party, sought to seize three of his former slaves in Christiana, Pennsylvania, thereby creating a cause célèbre between slavery proponents and abolitionists. * 1852 – Outbreak of Revolution of September 11 resulting in the

State of Buenos Aires The State of Buenos Aires () was a secessionist republic resulting from the overthrow of the Argentine Confederation government in the Province of Buenos Aires on 11 September 1852. The State of Buenos Aires was never explicitly recognized b ...

declaring independence as a Republic. *

1857 Events January–March * January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, '' Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. * January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating. * Ja ...

– The Mountain Meadows massacre:

Mormon Mormons are a religious and cultural group related to Mormonism, the principal branch of the Latter Day Saint movement started by Joseph Smith in upstate New York during the 1820s. After Smith's death in 1844, the movement split into several ...

settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah. * 1881 – In the

Swiss Swiss most commonly refers to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland * Swiss people Swiss may also refer to: Places * Swiss, Missouri * Swiss, North Carolina * Swiss, West Virginia * Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses * Swiss Café, an old café located ...

state of

Glarus Glarus (; ; ; ; ) is the capital of the canton of Glarus in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2011, the municipality of Glarus incorporates the former municipalities of Ennenda, Netstal and Riedern.rockslide buries parts of the village of Elm, destroying 83 buildings and killing 115 people. *

1897 Events January * January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in New York City. * January 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a punitive expedit ...

– After months of pursuit, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last king of the Kaffa.

1901–present

* 1903 – The first race at the

Milwaukee Mile The Milwaukee Mile is a oval race track in the central United States, located on the grounds of the Wisconsin State Fair Park in West Allis, Wisconsin, a suburb west of Milwaukee. Its grandstand and bleachers seats approximately 37,000 spectat ...

West Allis, Wisconsin West Allis is a city in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, United States. A suburb of Milwaukee, it is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. The population was 60,325 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the List of cities in Wis ...

is held. It is the oldest major speedway in the world. * 1905 – The Ninth Avenue derailment occurs in New York City, killing 13. *

1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as the First World War, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip ...

–

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

: Australia invades

German New Guinea German New Guinea () consisted of the northeastern part of the island of New Guinea and several nearby island groups, and was part of the German colonial empire. The mainland part of the territory, called , became a German protectorate in 188 ...

, defeating a German contingent at the

Battle of Bita Paka The Battle of Bita Paka (11 September 1914) was fought south of Kabakaul, on the island of New Britain, and was a part of the invasion and subsequent occupation of German New Guinea by the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force (A ...

. * 1914 – The Second Period of Russification: The teaching of the

Russian language Russian is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is ...

and

Russian history The history of Russia begins with the histories of the East Slavs. The traditional start date of specifically Russian history is the establishment of the Rus' people, Rus' state in the north in the year 862, ruled by Varangians. In 882, Prin ...

in Finnish schools is ordered to be considerably increased as part of the forced Russification program in

Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...

run by Tsar Nicholas II. * 1916 – The

Quebec Bridge The Quebec Bridge () is a road, rail, and pedestrian bridge across the lower Saint Lawrence River between Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, Sainte-Foy (a former suburb that in 2002 became the arrondissement Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge in Quebec Cit ...

's central span collapses, killing 11 men. The bridge previously collapsed completely on August 29,

1907 Events January * January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: A 6.5 Moment magnitude scale, Mw earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica, kills between 800 and 1,000. February * February 9 – The "Mud March (suffragists), Mud March", the ...

. *

1919 Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (later Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off th ...

– United States Marine Corps invades Honduras. *

1921 Events January * January 2 ** The Association football club Cruzeiro Esporte Clube, from Belo Horizonte, is founded as the multi-sports club Palestra Italia by Italian expatriates in First Brazilian Republic, Brazil. ** The Spanish lin ...

–

Nahalal Nahalal () is a moshav in Northern District (Israel), northern Israel. Covering , it falls under the jurisdiction of the Jezreel Valley Regional Council. In it had a population of . Nahalal is best known for its general layout, as designed by ...

, a Jewish

moshav A moshav (, plural ', "settlement, village") is a type of Israeli village or town or Jewish settlement, in particular a type of cooperative agricultural community of individual farms pioneered by the Labour Zionists between 1904 and 1 ...

Palestine Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...

, is settled. * 1922 – The Treaty of Kars is ratified in

Yerevan Yerevan ( , , ; ; sometimes spelled Erevan) is the capital and largest city of Armenia, as well as one of the world's List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities. Situated along the Hrazdan River, Yerev ...

Armenia Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to ...

. *

1941 The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, wa ...

– Construction begins on

the Pentagon The Pentagon is the headquarters building of the United States Department of Defense, in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. The building was constructed on an accelerated schedule during World War II. As ...

. *

–

Charles Lindbergh Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, and author. On May 20–21, 1927, he made the first nonstop flight from New York (state), New York to Paris, a distance of . His aircra ...

's Des Moines speech accusing the British, Jews and FDR's administration of conspiring for war with Germany. *

1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 � ...

–

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

: German troops occupy

Corsica Corsica ( , , ; ; ) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the Regions of France, 18 regions of France. It is the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of the Metro ...

and

Kosovo Kosovo, officially the Republic of Kosovo, is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe with International recognition of Kosovo, partial diplomatic recognition. It is bordered by Albania to the southwest, Montenegro to the west, Serbia to the ...

Metohija Metohija (), also known in Albanian as Dukagjini, (, ) is a large drainage basin, basin and the name of the region covering the southwestern part of Kosovo. The region covers 35% (3,891 km2) of Kosovo's total area. According to the 2024 ce ...

ending the Italian occupation of Corsica. *

1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...

– World War II: RAF bombing raid on

Darmstadt Darmstadt () is a city in the States of Germany, state of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Frankfurt Rhine Main Area, Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt Metropolitan Region). Darmstadt has around 160,000 inhabitants, making it the ...

and the following firestorm kill 11,500. *

1945 1945 marked the end of World War II, the fall of Nazi Germany, and the Empire of Japan. It is also the year concentration camps were liberated and the only year in which atomic weapons have been used in combat. Events World War II will be ...

– World War II: Batu Lintang camp, a Japanese-run POW and civilian internment camp on the island of Borneo, is liberated by 9th Division (Australia), Australian 9th Division forces. *1954 – Hurricane Edna hits New England (United States) as a Category 2 hurricane, causing significant damage and 29 deaths. *1961 – Hurricane Carla strikes the Texas coast as a Category 4 hurricane, the second strongest storm ever to hit the state. *1965 – Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Indo-Pakistani War: The Indian Army Battle of Burki, captures the town of Barki, Pakistan, Burki, just southeast of Lahore. *1967 – China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) launched an attack on Indian posts at Nathu La, Sikkim, India, which resulted in War, military clashes. *1968 – Air France Flight 1611 crashes off Nice, France, killing 89 passengers and six crew. * 1968 – John Eliot Gardiner conducts Monteverdi's ''Vespro della Beata Vergine'' with the Monteverdi Choir at the BBC Proms, Proms. *1970 – The Dawson's Field hijackings, Dawson's Field hijackers release 88 of their hostages. The remaining hostages, mostly Jews and Israeli citizens, are held until September 25. *1971 – The History of the Egyptian Constitution, Egyptian Constitution becomes official. *1972 – The San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit system begins passenger service. *1973 – 1973 Chilean coup d'état, A coup in Chile, headed by General Augusto Pinochet, topples the democratically elected president Salvador Allende. * 1973 – JAT Airways Flight 769 crashes into the Maganik mountain range while on approach to Podgorica Airport, Titograd Airport, killing 35 passengers and six crew. *1974 – Eastern Air Lines Flight 212 crashes in Charlotte, North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina, killing 69 passengers and two crew. *1976 – A bomb planted by a Croatian terrorist, Zvonko Bušić, is found at New York's Grand Central Terminal; one NYPD officer is killed trying to defuse it. *1980 – A new Chilean Constitution of 1980, constitution of Chile is established under the influence of then Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet, which is subject to controversy in Chile today. *1982 – The international forces that were guaranteeing the safety of Palestinian refugees following Israel's 1982 Invasion of Lebanon leave Beirut. Five days later, several thousand refugees are massacred in the Sabra and Shatila massacre, Sabra and Shatila refugee camps by Phalange forces. * 1985 – Moimenta-Alcafache train crash, the worst railway accident to occur in Portugal. *1989 – Hungary announces that the East Germany, East German refugees who had been housed in temporary camps were free to leave for West Germany. *1990 – A Faucett Perú, Faucett Boeing 727 1990 Faucett Perú Boeing 727 disappearance, disappears in the Atlantic Ocean while being flown from Malta to Peru. *1991 – Continental Express Flight 2574 crashes in Colorado County, Texas, near Eagle Lake, Texas, Eagle Lake, killing 11 passengers and three crew. *1995 – The first game of the PCA World Chess Championship 1995, pitting incumbent champion Garry Kasparov against challenger Viswanathan Anand, takes place on the 107th floor of the World Trade Center (1973–2001), World Trade Center's South Tower in New York City. *1997 – NASA's Mars Global Surveyor reaches Mars. * 1997 – Kurkse tragedy: Fourteen Estonian soldiers of the Baltic Battalion are drowned or die of hypothermia during a training exercise in the Kurkse Strait. * 1997 – After a 1997 Scottish devolution referendum, nationwide referendum, Scotland votes to establish a Scottish Parliament, devolved parliament within the United Kingdom. *2001 – The September 11 attacks, a series of coordinated terrorist attacks killing 2,977 people using four aircraft hijacked by 19 members of al-Qaeda. Two aircraft crash into the World Trade Center (1973–2001), World Trade Center in New York City, a third crashes into The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, and a fourth into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. *2007 – Russia tests the largest conventional weapon ever, the Father of All Bombs. *2008 – A major 2008 Channel Tunnel fire, Channel Tunnel fire breaks out on a freight train, resulting in the closure of part of the Channel Tunnel, tunnel for six months. *2011 – A dedication ceremony is held at the United States National September 11 Memorial & Museum, National September 11 Memorial on the 10th anniversary of the September 11 attacks in New York City, and the memorial opens to family members. *2012 – A total of 315 people are killed in 2012 Pakistan garment factory fires, two garment factory fires in Pakistan. * 2012 – The U.S. embassy in Benghazi, Libya is 2012 Benghazi attack, attacked, resulting in four deaths. *2015 – A Mecca crane collapse, crane collapses onto the Masjid al-Haram mosque in Saudi Arabia, killing 111 people and injuring 394 others. *2023 – The Libyan city of Derna, Libya, Derna experiences catastrophic floods after Storm Daniel causes Derna dam collapses, two dams to collapse, killing over 11,300 people. *2024 – Hurricane Francine (2024), Hurricane Francine impacts the Gulf of Mexico, as a Category 2 hurricane.

Births

Pre-1600

* 600 – Yuknoom Ch'een II, Mayan ruler *1182 – Minamoto no Yoriie, Japanese shōgun (died 1204) *1318 – Eleanor of Lancaster, countess of Arundel (died 1372) *1465 – Bernardo Accolti, Italian poet (died 1536) *1476 – Louise of Savoy, French regent (died 1531) *1494 – Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duchess of Guelders (1518–1538) (died 1572) *1522 – Ulisse Aldrovandi, Italian ornithologist and botanist (died 1605) *1524 – Pierre de Ronsard, French poet and author (died 1585) *1525 – John George, Elector of Brandenburg (died 1598) *1557 – Joseph Calasanz, Spanish priest and founder of Piarists (died 1648) *1572 – Daniyal (Mughal prince), Daniyal, Imperial Prince of the Royal House of Timur (died 1604) *1578 – Vincenzo Maculani, Catholic cardinal (died 1667)

1601–1900

*1611 – Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, French general (died 1675) *1681 – Johann Gottlieb Heineccius, German academic and jurist (died 1741) *1700 – James Thomson (poet, born 1700), James Thomson, Scottish poet and playwright (died 1748) *1711 – William Boyce (composer), William Boyce, English organist and composer (died 1779) *1723 – Johann Bernhard Basedow, German author and educator (died 1790) *1751 – Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen (died 1827) *1764 – Valentino Fioravanti, Italian organist and composer (died 1837) *1771 – Mungo Park (explorer), Mungo Park, Scottish surgeon and explorer (died 1806) *

– Friedrich Kuhlau, German-Danish pianist and composer (died 1832) *1798 – Franz Ernst Neumann, German mineralogist and physicist (died 1895) *

– Daniel S. Dickinson, American lawyer and politician, 13th Lieutenant Governor of New York (died 1866) *1816 – Carl Zeiss, German lens maker, created the Optical instrument (died 1888) *1825 – Eduard Hanslick, Bohemian-Austrian musicologist and critic (died 1904) *

– Thomas Hill (American painter), Thomas Hill, American painter (died 1908) *

– Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American journalist, author, and explorer (died 1870) *1838 – John Ireland (bishop), John Ireland, Irish-American archbishop (died 1918) *1847 – Mary Watson Whitney, American astronomer and academic (died 1921) *1859 – Vjenceslav Novak, Croatian author and playwright (died 1905) *1860 – James Allan (rugby union), James Allan, New Zealand rugby player (died 1934) *1861 – Juhani Aho, Finnish author and journalist (died 1921) *1862 – Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, English field marshal and politician, 12th Governor General of Canada (died 1935) * 1862 – Hawley Harvey Crippen, American physician (died 1910) * 1862 – O. Henry, American short story writer (died 1910) *1865 – Rainis, Latvian poet and playwright (died 1929) *1871 – Scipione Borghese, 10th Prince of Sulmona, Italian racing driver, mountaineer, and politician (died 1927) *1876 – Stan Rowley, Australian sprinter (died 1924) *1877 – Felix Dzerzhinsky, Polish-Russian academic and politician (died 1926) * 1877 – James Hopwood Jeans, English physicist, astronomer, and mathematician (died 1946) *1879 – Louis Coatalen, French engineer (died 1962) *1884 – Sudhamoy Pramanick, Indian activist and politician (died 1974) *1885 – D. H. Lawrence, English novelist, poet, playwright, and critic (died 1930) * 1885 – Herbert Stothart, American composer and conductor (died 1949) *1891 – William Thomas Walsh, American historian, author, and educator (died 1949) *1893 – Douglas Hawkes, English-Greek racing driver and engineer (died 1974) *1895 – Vinoba Bhave, Indian philosopher and Gandhian, Bharat Ratna Awardee (died 1982) *1898 – Gerald Templer, English field marshal and politician, British High Commissioner in Malaya (died 1979) *1899 – Philipp Bouhler, German politician (died 1945) * 1899 – Jimmie Davis, American singer-songwriter and politician, 47th Governor of Louisiana (died 2000) * 1899 – Anton Koolmann, Estonian wrestler and coach (died 1953)

1901–present

*1901 – D. W. Brooks, American farmer and businessman, founded Gold Kist (died 1999) * 1903 – Theodor Adorno, German sociologist and philosopher (died 1969) * 1903 – Stephen Etnier, American lieutenant and painter (died 1984) *1904 – Karl Plutus, Estonian lawyer and jurist (died 2010) *

– Lev Oborin, Russian pianist and educator (died 1974) *1908 – Alvar Lidell, English journalist (died 1981) *1911 – Lala Amarnath, Indian cricketer (died 2000) * 1911 – Bola de Nieve, Cuban singer-songwriter and pianist (died 1971) *1913 – Bear Bryant, American football player and coach (died 1983) * 1913 – Jacinto Convit, Venezuelan physician and academic (died 2014) *

– Serbian Patriarch Pavle II (died 2009) *1915 – Dajikaka Gadgil, Indian jeweller (died 2014) * 1916 – Ed Sabol, American film producer, co-founded NFL Films (died 2015) *1917 – Donald Blakeslee, American colonel and pilot (died 2008) * 1917 – Herbert Lom, Czech-born English actor (died 2012) * 1917 – Ferdinand Marcos, Filipino soldier, lawyer, and politician, 10th President of the Philippines (died 1989) * 1917 – Jessica Mitford, English-American journalist and author (died 1996) * 1917 – Daniel Wildenstein, French art dealer and horse breeder (died 2001) *

– Leaford Bearskin, American tribal leader and colonel (died 2012) *1923 – Betsy Drake, American actress (died 2015) * 1923 – Vasilije Mokranjac, Serbian composer and academic (died 1984) * 1923 – Alan Badel, English actor (died 1982) *1924 – Daniel Akaka, American soldier, engineer, and politician (died 2018) * 1924 – Tom Landry, American football player and coach (died 2000) * 1924 – Rudolf Vrba, Czech-Canadian pharmacologist and educator (died 2006) *1925 – Harry Somers, Canadian soldier and composer (died 1999) *1926 – Eddie Miksis, American baseball player (died 2005) *1927 – Keith Holman, Australian rugby league player and coach (died 2011) * 1927 – G. David Schine, American soldier and businessman (died 1996) *1928 – Reubin Askew, American sergeant, lawyer, and politician, 37th Governor of Florida (died 2014) * 1928 – Earl Holliman, American actor (died 2024) *1929 – Luis García (third baseman), Luis García, Venezuelan baseball player and manager (died 2014) * 1929 – Primož Kozak, Slovenian playwright (died 1981) * 1929 – Patrick Mayhew, English lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (died 2016) *1930 – Cathryn Damon, American actress and dancer (died 1987) * 1930 – Jean-Claude Forest, French author and illustrator (died 1998) * 1930 – Saleh Selim, Egyptian footballer, manager, and actor (died 2002) *1931 – Hans-Ulrich Wehler, German historian and academic (died 2014) *1933 – Margaret Booth (judge), Margaret Booth, English lawyer and judge (died 2021) * 1933 – William Luther Pierce, American author and activist (died 2002) * 1933 – Nicola Pietrangeli, Italian tennis player *1935 – Arvo Pärt, Estonian composer * 1935 – Gherman Titov, Russian general, pilot, and astronaut (died 2000) *1936 – Pavel Landovský, Czech actor, director, and playwright (died 2014) *1937 – Robert Crippen, American captain, pilot, and astronaut * 1937 – Queen Paola of Belgium *1938 – Brian F. G. Johnson, English chemist and academic *1939 – Charles Geschke, American businessman, co-founded Adobe Systems (died 2021) *1940 – Brian De Palma, American director, producer, and screenwriter * 1940 – Nông Đức Mạnh, Vietnamese politician * 1940 – Theodore Olson, American lawyer (died 2024) *

– Minnijean Brown-Trickey, Civil Rights activist and Little Rock Nine member *1942 – Lola Falana, American actress, singer, and dancer *

– André Caillé, Canadian chemist and businessman * 1943 – Mickey Hart, American musician * 1943 – Brian Perkins, New Zealand-English journalist and actor *

– Everaldo (footballer, born 1944), Everaldo, Brazilian footballer (died 1974) * 1944 – Freddy Thielemans, Belgian educator and politician, List of mayors of the City of Brussels, Mayor of Brussels (died 2022) *

– Franz Beckenbauer, German footballer and manager (died 2024) * 1945 – Gianluigi Gelmetti, Italian composer and conductor (died 2021) * 1945 – Leo Kottke, American singer-songwriter and guitarist *1946 – Dennis Tufano, American rock singer *1947 – John Agrue, American serial killer (died 2009) *1948 – John Martyn, English-Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2009) *1949 – Roger Uttley, English rugby player and coach * 1949 – Bill Whittington, American racing driver (died 2021) *1950 – Anne Dell, Australian biochemist and academic * 1950 – Bruce Doull, Australian footballer * 1950 – Amy Madigan, American actress * 1950 – Barry Sheene, English motorcycle racer and sportscaster (died 2003) *1951 – Richard D. Gill, English-Dutch mathematician and academic * 1951 – Johnny Neumann, American basketball player and coach (died 2019) * 1951 – Hugo Porta, Argentinian rugby player *1952 – Catherine Bott, English soprano *1953 – Jani Allan, English-South African journalist and author (died 2023) * 1953 – Sarita Francis, Former Montserrat Deputy Governor * 1953 – Renée Geyer, Australian singer-songwriter (died 2023) * 1953 – Tommy Shaw, American singer-songwriter and guitarist *1955 – Sharon Lamb, American psychologist and academic *1956 – Tony Gilroy, American director, producer, and screenwriter *1958 – Roxann Dawson, American actress and director * 1958 – Scott Patterson, American actor and baseball player *1959 – David Frost (golfer), David Frost, South African golfer * 1959 – John Hawkes (actor), John Hawkes, American actor *1960 – Hiroshi Amano, Japanese physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate * 1960 – Anne Ramsay, American actress *1961 – Virginia Madsen, American actress * 1961 – Samina Raja, Pakistani poet and educator (died 2012) *1962 – Filip Dewinter, Belgian politician * 1962 – Kristy McNichol, American actress * 1962 – Victoria Poleva, Ukrainian pianist and composer * 1962 – Julio Salinas, Spanish footballer *1963 – Dave Bidini, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist *1964 – Ellis Burks, American baseball player *1965 – Bashar al-Assad, Syrian politician, 21st President of Syria * 1965 – Paul Heyman, American wrestling promoter, manager, and journalist * 1965 – Moby, American singer-songwriter, musician, and DJ *1967 – Maria Bartiromo, American financial journalist and television personality * 1967 – Harry Connick Jr., American singer-songwriter, pianist, actor, and talk show host * 1967 – Sung Jae-gi, South Korean activist, founded Man of Korea (died 2013) * 1967 – Charles Walker (British politician), Charles Walker, English politician *1968 – Allan Alaküla, Estonian journalist * 1968 – Paul Mayeda Berges, American director and screenwriter *1969 – Stefano Cagol, Italian artist, photographer and director * 1969 – Eduardo Pérez, American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster *1970 – Antonio Gómez Medina, Mexican wrestler * 1970 – Taraji P. Henson, American actress and singer *1971 – Richard Ashcroft, English singer-songwriter and musician *1974 – DeLisha Milton-Jones, American basketball player and coach *1975 – Juan Cobián, Argentinian footballer * 1975 – Pierre Issa, South African footballer *1976 – Tomáš Enge, Czech racing driver * 1976 – Murali Kartik, Indian cricketer and sportscaster *1977 – Jonny Buckland, Welsh guitarist * 1977 – Ludacris, American rapper and producer * 1977 – Matthew Stevens, Welsh snooker player * 1977 – Tobias Zellner, German footballer *1978 – Dejan Stanković, Serbian footballer and manager *1979 – Eric Abidal, French footballer * 1979 – Frank Francisco, Dominican baseball player * 1979 – David Pizarro, Chilean footballer * 1979 – Ariana Richards, American actress and artist *1980 – Mike Comrie, Canadian ice hockey player * 1980 – Greet Daems, Belgian politician * 1980 – Antônio Pizzonia, Brazilian racing driver *1981 – Charles Kelley, American singer and musician * 1981 – Dylan Klebold, American mass murderer, responsible for the Columbine High School massacre (died 1999) * 1981 – Michael Sukkar, Australian politician *1982 – Elvan Abeylegesse, Ethiopian-Turkish runner * 1982 – Yelena Parkhomenko, Azerbaijani volleyball player * 1982 – Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, Belarusian politician *1983 – Vivian Cheruiyot, Kenyan runner * 1983 – Ike Diogu, Nigerian-American basketball player * 1983 – Jacoby Ellsbury, American baseball player *1984 – Aled de Malmanche, New Zealand rugby player * 1984 – Benson Stanley, New Zealand rugby player *1985 – Shaun Livingston, American basketball player *1986 – Chiliboy Ralepelle, South African rugby player * 1986 – LaToya Sanders, American basketball player * 1986 – Ben Scrivens, Canadian ice hockey player *1987 – Robert Acquafresca, Italian footballer * 1987 – Elizabeth Henstridge, English actress * 1987 – Tyler Hoechlin, American actor *1989 – Michael J. Willett, American actor and musician *1990 – Jo Inge Berget, Norwegian footballer *1991 – Jordan Ayew, Ghanaian footballer * 1991 – Kygo, Norwegian DJ *1992 – Jonathan Adams (athlete), Jonathan Adams, English discus thrower * 1992 – Ahmed El Sheikh (footballer, born 1992), Ahmed El Sheikh, Egyptian footballer *1993 – Farrah Moan, American drag queen and entertainer *1994 – Teuvo Teräväinen, Finnish ice hockey player *1996 – Ross Colton, American professional ice hockey player *1997 – Harmony Tan, French tennis player *2000 – Leandro Bolmaro, Argentine-Italian basketball player *2000 – Zay Flowers, American football player *2001 – Mackenzie Aladjem, American actress * 2001 – Joseph Fahnbulleh, Liberian-American sprinter * 2001 – Harrison Graham (rugby league), Harrison Graham, Australian rugby league player * 2001 – Nicholas Robertson (ice hockey), Nicholas Robertson, American ice hockey player

Deaths

Pre-1600

* 883 – Kesta Styppiotes, Byzantine general *1063 – Béla I of Hungary (born 1016) *1161 – Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem (born 1105) * 1185 – Stephen Hagiochristophorites, Byzantine courtier (born 1130) *1279 – Robert Kilwardby, English cardinal (born 1215) * 1297 – Hugh de Cressingham, English Treasurer *1298 – Philip of Artois, Lord of Conches-en-Ouche, Conches, Nonancourt, and Château de Domfront, Domfront (born 1269) *1349 – Bonne of Luxembourg, queen of John II of France (born 1315) *1569 – Vincenza Armani, Italian actress (born 1530) *1599 – Beatrice Cenci, Italian noblewoman (born 1577)

1601–1900

*1677 – James Harrington (author), James Harrington, English philosopher and author (born 1611) *1680 – Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan (born 1596) *1721 – Rudolf Jakob Camerarius, German botanist and physician (born 1665) *1733 – François Couperin, French organist and composer (born 1668) *1760 – Louis Godin, French astronomer and academic (born 1704) *1823 – David Ricardo, English economist and politician (born 1772) *1843 – Joseph Nicollet, French mathematician and explorer (born 1786) *1846 – José Núñez de Cáceres, Dominican politician and writer. He was the leader of the Independence movement of the Dominican Republic against Spain in 1821 (born 1772) *

– Sylvester Graham, American minister and dietary reformer, namesake of the graham cracker (born 1794) *1865 – Christophe Léon Louis Juchault de Lamoricière, French general (born 1806) *1888 – Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, Argentinian journalist and politician, 7th President of Argentina (born 1811) *1896 – Francis James Child, American scholar and educator (born 1825) *1898 – Nikoline Harbitz, Norwegian author (born 1841)

1901–present

*1911 – Louis Henri Boussenard, French explorer and author (born 1847) *1915 – William Sprague IV, American businessman and politician, 27th Governor of Rhode Island (born 1830) *1917 – Georges Guynemer, French captain and pilot (born 1894) *

– Quianu Robinson, New Mexico, New Mexican New Mexico House of Representatives, Congressman and political ally of Conrad Hilton (born 1852) *

– Subramania Bharati, Indian journalist, poet, and activist (born 1882) *1926 – Matsunosuke Onoe, Japanese actor and director (born 1875) *1932 – Stanisław Wigura, Polish pilot and businessman, co-founded the RWD (aircraft manufacturer), RWD Company (born 1901) * 1932 – Franciszek Żwirko, Polish soldier and pilot (born 1895) *1935 – Charles Norris (medical examiner), Charles Norris, American coroner (born 1867) *1939 – Konstantin Korovin, Russian-French painter and set designer (born 1861) *

– Christian Rakovsky, Bulgarian physician, journalist, and politician, Soviet Ambassador to France (born 1873) * 1941 – Aleksandra Izmailovich, Belarusian revolutionary (born 1878) * 1941 – Maria Spiridonova, Russian revolutionary (born 1884) *1948 – Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Pakistani lawyer and politician, 1st Governor-General of Pakistan (born 1876) *1949 – Henri Rabaud, French composer and conductor (born 1873) *1950 – Jan Smuts, South African field marshal and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of South Africa (born 1870) *1956 – Billy Bishop, Canadian colonel and pilot (born 1894) *1957 – Mary Proctor, American astronomer (born 1862) *1958 – Camillien Houde, Canadian politician, 34th Mayor of Montreal (born 1889) * 1958 – Robert W. Service, English-French poet and author (born 1874) *1959 – Paul Douglas (actor), Paul Douglas, American actor (born 1907) *1964 – Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh, Indian poet and critic (born 1917) *1965 – Ralph C. Smedley, American educator, founded Toastmasters International (born 1878) *1966 – Collett E. Woolman, American businessman, co-founded Delta Air Lines (born 1889) *1967 – Tadeusz Żyliński, Polish engineer and academic (born 1904) *1968 – René Cogny, French general (born 1904) *1971 – Nikita Khrushchev, Russian general and politician (born 1894) *1973 – Salvador Allende, Chilean physician and politician, 29th President of Chile (born 1908) * 1973 – Neem Karoli Baba, Indian philosopher and guru *1974 – Lois Lenski, American author and illustrator (born 1893) *1978 – Mike Gazella, American baseball player and manager (born 1895) * 1978 – Georgi Markov, Bulgarian author and playwright (born 1929) * 1978 – Janet Parker, English photographer (born 1938) * 1978 – Ronnie Peterson, Swedish racing driver (born 1944) *1982 – Albert Soboul, French historian and academic (born 1914) *1984 – Jerry Voorhis, American politician (born 1901) *1985 – William Alwyn, English composer, conductor, and educator (born 1905) * 1985 – Henrietta Barnett (WRAF officer), Henrietta Barnett, British Women's Royal Air Force (World War II), Women's Royal Air Force officer (born 1905) * 1985 – Eleanor Dark, Australian author (born 1901) *1986 – Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, Greek academic and politician, 138th Prime Minister of Greece (born 1902) * 1986 – Noel Streatfeild, English author (born 1895) *1987 – Lorne Greene, Canadian actor (born 1915) * 1987 – Peter Tosh, Jamaican singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1944) * 1987 – Mahadevi Varma, Indian poet and educator (born 1907) *1988 – Roger Hargreaves, English author and illustrator (born 1935) *1990 – Myrna Mack, Guatemalan anthropologist and activist (born 1949) *1991 – Ernst Herbeck, Austrian-German poet (born 1920) *1993 – Antoine Izméry, Haitian businessman and activist * 1993 – Erich Leinsdorf, Austrian-American conductor (born 1912) * 1993 – Mary Jane Reoch, American cyclist (born 1945) *1994 – Luciano Sgrizzi, Italian harpsichordist, pianist, and composer (born 1910) * 1994 – Jessica Tandy, English-American actress (born 1909) *1995 – Anita Harding, English neurologist and academic (born 1952) *1997 – Camille Henry, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1933) * 1997 – Hannah Weiner, American poet (born 1928) *1998 – Dane Clark, American actor (born 1912) *1999 – Belkis Ayón, Cuban painter and lithographer (born 1967) * 1999 – Gonzalo Rodríguez (racing driver), Gonzalo Rodríguez, Uruguayan racing driver (born 1972) *2001 – Alice Stewart Trillin, American author and educator (born 1938) * 2001 – Casualties of the September 11 attacks: ''see'' :Victims of the September 11 attacks, Victims of the September 11 attacks *2002 – Kim Hunter, American actress (born 1922) * 2002 – Johnny Unitas, American football player and sportscaster (born 1933) * 2002 – David Wisniewski, American author and illustrator (born 1953) *2003 – Anna Lindh, Swedish politician, 39th Minister for Foreign Affairs (Sweden), Minister of Foreign Affairs for Sweden (born 1957) * 2003 – John Ritter, American actor (born 1948) *2004 – Fred Ebb, American songwriter (born 1928) * 2004 – David Mann (artist), David Mann, American painter and illustrator (born 1939) * 2004 – Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria (born 1949) *2006 – William Auld, Scottish poet and author (born 1924) * 2006 – Joachim Fest, German journalist and author (born 1926) *2007 – Ian Porterfield, Scottish footballer and manager (born 1946) * 2007 – Gene Savoy, American explorer, theologian, and author (born 1927) * 2007 – Jean Séguy, French sociologist and author (born 1925) * 2007 – Joe Zawinul, Austrian keyboard player and songwriter (born 1932) *2009 – Jim Carroll, American author, poet and musician (born 1949) * 2009 – Pierre Cossette, Canadian producer and manager (born 1923) * 2009 – Larry Gelbart, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1928) * 2009 – Yoshito Usui, Japanese author and illustrator (born 1958) *2010 – Harold Gould, American actor (born 1923) * 2010 – Kevin McCarthy (actor), Kevin McCarthy, American actor (born 1914) *2011 – Christian Bakkerud, Danish racing driver (born 1984) * 2011 – Ralph Gubbins, English footballer (born 1932) * 2011 – Anjali Gupta, Indian soldier and pilot (born 1975) * 2011 – Andy Whitfield, Welsh actor and model (born 1971) *2012 – Finn Bergesen, Norwegian civil servant and businessman (born 1945) * 2012 – Tomas Evjen, Norwegian cinematographer and producer (born 1972) * 2012 – J. Christopher Stevens, American lawyer and diplomat, 10th United States Ambassador to Libya (born 1960) *2013 – Francisco Chavez, Filipino lawyer and politician, Solicitor General of the Philippines (born 1947) * 2013 – Albert Jacquard, French geneticist and biologist (born 1925) * 2013 – Andrzej Trybulec, Polish mathematician and computer scientist (born 1941) *2014 – Bob Crewe, American singer-songwriter and producer (born 1930) * 2014 – Antoine Duhamel, French composer and conductor (born 1925) * 2014 – Donald Sinden, English actor (born 1923) *2016 – Alexis Arquette, American actress, musician and cabaret performer (born 1969) *2019 – B. J. Habibie, 3rd President of Indonesia (born 1936) *2020 – Toots Hibbert, Jamaican singer and songwriter (born 1942) *2021 – Abimael Guzmán, Peruvian philosopher and academic (born 1934) *2022 – Javier Marías, Spanish novelist, journalist and translator (born 1951) * 2022 – John W. O'Malley, American academic, Catholic historian, and Jesuit priest (born 1927) * 2022 – Joyce Reynolds (classicist), Joyce Reynolds, British Classics, classicist and academic (born 1918) * 2024 – Kenneth Cope, British actor (born 1931) * 2024 – Alberto Fujimori, Peruvian politician, professor, and engineer, 54th President of Peru (born 1938) * 2024 – Chad McQueen, American actor and race car driver (born 1960) * 2024 – Joe Schmidt (American football), Joe Schmidt, American football player and coach (born 1932)

Holidays and observances

*Battle of Tendra Day (Russia) *Christian feast days: **Beatification, Blessed Francesco Bonifacio **Deiniol **Felix and Regula, Felix, Regula, and Exuperantius **Harry Burleigh (Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church), Episcopal Church) **John Gabriel Perboyre (one of Martyr Saints of China) **Leudinus, Leudinus (Bobo) **Our Lady of Coromoto **Paphnutius of Thebes (Roman Catholic Church) **Patiens of Lyon **Protus and Hyacinth **Sperandia **Theodora of Alexandria **September 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Death Anniversary of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Pakistan) *Emergency Number Day (United States) *Enkutatash falls on this day if it is not a leap year. Celebrated on the first day of Ethiopian calendar, Mäskäräm. (Ethiopia, Eritrea, Rastafari) *National Day of Catalonia, National Day (Catalonia) *Nayrouz (Coptic Orthodox Church), September 12 on leap years. *September 11 attacks-related observances (United States): **September 11 National Day of Service, National Day of Service and Remembrance **Patriot Day *Teachers' Day (Argentina)

References

External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:September 11 Days of September