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1897
Events January * January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in New York City. * January 4 – A British force is ambushed by Chief Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a punitive expedition against Benin. * January 7 – A cyclone destroys Darwin, Australia. * January 8 – Lady Flora Shaw, future wife of Governor General Lord Lugard, officially proposes the name "Nigeria" in a newspaper contest, to be given to the British Niger Coast Protectorate. * January 22 – In this date's issue of the journal ''Engineering'', the word ''computer'' is first used to refer to a mechanical calculation device. * January 31 – The Czechoslovak Trade Union Association is founded in Prague. February * February 10 – Freedom of religion is proclaimed in Madagascar. * February 16 – The French conquer the island of Raiatea and capture the rebel chief Teraupo'o, ending the Leeward Islands War and bringing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benin Expedition Of 1897
The Benin Expedition of 1897 was a punitive expedition by a United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, British force of 1,200 men under Harry Rawson, Sir Harry Rawson. It came in response to the ambush and slaughter of a 250-strong party led by British Acting Consul General James Robert Phillips, James Phillips of the Niger Coast Protectorate. Rawson's troops captured Benin City and the Kingdom of Benin was eventually absorbed into colonial Nigeria. The expedition freed about 100 Africans enslaved by the Oba (ruler), Oba. The expedition had significant impacts on the Kingdom of Benin, including the looting of cultural artefacts and the exile of the Oba. Background At the end of the 19th century, the Kingdom of Benin had retained its independence during the Scramble for Africa, and the Oba (ruler), Oba of Benin exercised a monopoly over trade in Benin's territories which the Royal Niger Company considered a threat. In 1892, Deputy Commissioner and Vice-Consul Henry Galway, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1897 Darwin Cyclone
The 1897 cyclone was a tropical cyclone that destroyed the city of Darwin, Northern Territory, Darwin in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is considered the worst cyclone to strike the Northern Territory of Australia prior to Cyclone Tracy in 1974. Prior to contemporary naming conventions, the storm became known as the "Great Hurricane". Damage The cyclone hit Darwin in the evening of the 6 January 1897, peaking between 3.30am and 4.30am on 7 January. It dumped of rain on Darwin, then known as Palmerston. It uplifted roofs, uprooted trees and telegraph poles destroying almost all of the buildings. The only remaining structures include the historic Victoria Hotel, Darwin, Victoria Hotel, doctors residence, Lyons Cottage, BAT House, the Commercial Bank of Australia, Commercial and English, Scottish & Australian Bank, E. S. & A. Banks and the Court House. These remaining structures housed scores of homeless residents after the cyclone. There were 28 fatalities, mostly Chine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leeward Islands War
The annexation of the Leeward Islands () or the Leewards War () was a series of diplomatic and armed conflicts between the French Third Republic and the native kingdoms of Kingdom of Raiatea, Raiatea-Tahaa, Kingdom of Huahine, Huahine and Kingdom of Bora Bora, Bora Bora, which resulted in the conquest of the Leeward Islands (Society Islands), Leeward Islands, in the South Pacific archipelago of the Society Islands in modern-day French Polynesia. This conflict was the last phase of armed indigenous resistance against French rule in the Society Islands, which began in 1843 with the forcible imposition of a protectorate over the Kingdom of Tahiti in the Franco-Tahitian War. The three Leeward Islands kingdoms to the northwest of Tahiti were ensured independence by the Jarnac Convention, a joint agreement signed between France and Great Britain in 1847. Continual instability in the native regimes and the growing threat of the nascent German colonial empire in the Pacific prompted Fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teraupo'o
Teraupo'o ( – 23 December 1918) was a Tahitian (Maohi) resistance leader of the islands of Raiatea and Tahaa who fought off French rule from 1887 to 1897 during the decade-long Leeward Islands War. Born during the decades following the Franco-Tahitian War (1844–1847), Teraupo'o was a lesser chief from the village of Avera, on the east coast of Raiatea. He grew to resent the French after being mistreated by an officer. After King Tamatoa VI of Raiatea submitted to French annexation, Teraupo'o refused to surrender and led the native resistance against the French and installed a resistance government under Tuarii as queen at Avera. He and his followers, dubbed the ''Teraupiste'', included a majority of the natives of Raiatea and Tahaa. They fought off French colonial rule from 1887 until 1897 while attempting to convince the British to support their cause to remain independent. The French under Governor Gustave Gallet sent for reinforcement to quell the native resistanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ovonramwen
Oba Ovonramwen Nogbaisi, also called Overami, was the thirty-fifth Oba of Benin, Ọba of the Kingdom of Benin reigning from , up until the British Benin Expedition of 1897, punitive expedition. Born circa 1857, he was the son of Ọba Adolo, Adọlọ. He took the name Ovọnramwẹn Nọgbaisi at his enthronement in 1888. Every Ọba took a new name at his coronation, Ovọnramwẹn meaning "The Rising Sun" and Nọgbaisi meaning "which spreads over all". At the end of the 19th century, the Kingdom of Benin had managed to retain its independence and the Ọba exercised a monopoly over trade which the British found irksome. The territory was coveted by an influential group of investors for its rich natural resources such as palm oil, Natural rubber, rubber and ivory. However, slavery played a critical role in the rise of Benin, with Oba Ovonramwen Nogbaisi representing the pinnacle of the Kingdom's human exploitation. The kingdom was largely independent of British control, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benin City
Benin City serves as the Capital city, capital and largest Metropolitan area, metropolitan centre of Edo State, situated in Nigeria, southern Nigeria. It ranks as the List of Nigerian cities by population, fourth-most populous city in Nigeria, according to the Census in Nigeria, 2006 national census, preceded by Lagos, Kano (city), Kano, and Ibadan. Geography Benin City is located in close proximity to the Benin River, situated approximately to the north, whilst its eastern perimeter lies from Lagos via the arterial road network. The city's municipal boundaries converge with those of several prominent neighbouring towns in Nigeria, southern Nigeria, notably Agbor, Oghara, and Ekpoma. Agriculture Benin City boasts an exceptionally fertile agricultural landscape and serves as the epicentre of Nigeria's thriving Natural rubber, rubber industry. Additionally, the production of palm oil constitutes a substantial sector, further underscoring the city's prominence in Nigeria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpha Omicron Pi
Alpha Omicron Pi (, AOII, Alpha O) is an international sorority founded on January 2, 1897, at Barnard College on the campus of Columbia University in Manhattan, New York City. The main archive URL iThe Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage "AOII," and "Alpha O," the familiar names of the fraternity, is open to women regardless of ethnicity, religion or socio-economic background, with over 140 active collegiate chapters and 159 active alumnae chapters in Canada and the U.S.A. The fraternity is headquartered in Brentwood, Tennessee, and is a member of the National Panhellenic Conference. Major symbolism includes the color cardinal, the ruby and the 'Général Jacqueminot' rose. The fraternity publishes a magazine for the benefit of members, named ''To Dragma''. Alpha Omicron Pi was founded on the ideas found in the object of the fraternity—character, dignity, scholarship, and college loyalty. History The sorority was founded January 2, 1897, at Barnard College. Its foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madagascar
Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, fourth largest island, the List of island countries, second-largest island country, and the List of countries and dependencies by area, 46th largest country overall. Its capital and List of cities in Madagascar, largest city is Antananarivo. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from Africa during the Early Jurassic period, around 180 million years ago, and separated from the Indian subcontinent approximately 90 million years ago. This isolation allowed native plants and animals to evolve in relative seclusion; as a result, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot and one of the world's 17 megadiverse countries, with over 90% of its wildlife of Madagascar, wildlife being endemic. The island has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flora Shaw
Flora Louise Shaw, Baroness Lugard (born 19 December 1852 – 25 January 1929), was a British journalist and writer. She is credited with having coined the name ''Nigeria''. Early life She was born at 2 Dundas Terrace, Woolwich, South London, the fourth of fourteen children, the daughter of an English father, Captain (later Major General) George Shaw, Royal Artillery, and a French mother, Marie Adrienne Josephine (née Desfontaines; 1826–1871), daughter of French governor of Mauritius.Clarke, Patricia. 'Flora Shaw: A ‘Lady from London’ in 1890s Queensland' Celebrating Independent Thought. ISAA twenty years on: 2015 Conference Proceedings, Independent Scholars Association of Australia, 2016 pp 33-50 She had nine sisters, the first and the last dying in infancy, and four brothers. Her paternal grandfather was Sir Frederick Shaw, third baronet (1799–1876), of Bushy Park, Dublin, and a member of parliament from 1830 to 1848, regarded as the leader of the Irish Conserva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ologbosere
Esan people, or Esan, are an ethnic nation in Nigeria, primarily residing in Edo State, Edo Central Senatorial District, a plateau region approximately 136 meters above sea level. The term Esan refers to both the people, their culture and their language. Unlike some centralized kingdoms in Nigeria, the Esan people traditionally organized themselves into a loose confederation of 35 independent kingdoms, each governed by its own Onojie (king). This political system bears a striking resemblance to the Polis, Ancient Greek city-states (poleis), which, though sharing a common language and culture, operated as sovereign entities with their own rulers and governance structures. The Esan are traditionally known to be agriculturalists, trado-medical practitioners, mercenary warriors Warrior, and Hunting, hunters. They cultivate Arecaceae, palm trees, Irvingia gabonensis (erhonhiele), Cherry (Otien), bell pepper (akoh) coconut, betel nut, kola nut, black pear, Avocado, avocado pear, Yam ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punitive Expedition
A punitive expedition is a military journey undertaken to punish a political entity or any group of people outside the borders of the punishing state or union. It is usually undertaken in response to perceived disobedient or morally wrong behavior by miscreants, as revenge or corrective action, or to apply strong diplomatic pressure without a formal declaration of war (e.g. surgical strike). In the 19th century, punitive expeditions were used more commonly as pretexts for colonial adventures that resulted in annexations, regime changes or changes in policies of the affected state to favour one or more colonial powers. Stowell (1921) provides the following definition: When the territorial sovereign is too weak or is unwilling to enforce respect for international law, a state which is wronged may find it necessary to invade the territory and to chastise the individuals who violate its rights and threaten its security. Historical examples *In the 5th century BC, the Achaem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czechoslovak Trade Union Association
Czechoslovak Trade Union Association (), abbreviated to OSČ, was a national trade union center, founded in 1897 in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire. With the break-up of the empire, the OSČ emerged as the major trade union force in Czechoslovakia up to the Second World War. Organizational history Foundation ''Odborové sdružení českoslovanské'' ('Czechoslav Trade Union Association') was founded in Prague on January 31, 1897. The OSČ represented a desire on the part of Czech trade unionists to build a Czech trade union movement separate from the Viennese Imperial Trade Union Commission (the 'Vienna Commission'), the culmination of two years of complaints by Czech trade unionists that the Vienna Commission was neglecting the Czech labour movement. The formation of OSČ did not, however, represent a total break with the Vienna Commission; several OSČ unions retained affiliations with the Vienna Commission. The founding congress was attended by 108 delegates, represen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
