2024 In Reptile Paleontology

This list of fossil reptiles described in 2024 is a list of new taxa of fossil reptiles that were described during the year 2024, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to reptile paleontology that occurred in 2024.

Squamates

Squamate research

* A study on the biogeography of squamates throughout their evolutionary history, providing evidence of a localized Pangaean origin (Africa, Australia, Eurasia and Sunda) of the squamate crown group in the Jurassic followed by strong regionalization to Eurasia for subsequent Jurassic lineages, is published by Wilenzik, Barger & Pyron (2024).
* New lizard assemblage, including fossil material of a pleurodontan iguanian, a teiioid and a possible scincoid, is described from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) Allen Formation (Argentina) by Garberoglio ''et al.'' (2024).
* Revision of the fossil material of Paleocene lizards from the Walbeck fissure filling (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany) is published by Čerňanský & Vasilyan (2024), who interpret '' Camptognathosaurus parisiensis'' as a junior synonym of ''Glyptosaurus walbeckensis'', resulting in a new combination '' Camptognathosaurus walbeckensis'', tentatively assign ''C. walbeckensis'' to the family Lacertidae, and interpret fossils of ''Parasauromalus paleocenicus'' as belonging to an indeterminate lacertid.
* Čerňanský (2024) describes probable fossil material of the European green lizard from the Węże I locality in Poland, providing evidence of large geographic distribution of green lizards in Europe during the Pliocene.
* Fossil material of the oldest European member of the genus '' Eremias'' reported to date is described from the Pleistocene strata from the Taurida cave (Crimea) by Syromyatnikova & Tarasova (2024).
* An iguanian skull from the Paleogene White River Formation (Wyoming, United States), tentatively assigned to the species '' Aciprion formosum'', is interpreted as the oldest and first definitive stem member of Crotaphytidae by Scarpetta (2024); the author also interprets '' Polrussia mongoliensis'' as possible member of the crown group of Pleurodonta, '' Magnuviator ovimonsensis'' as a possible stem pleurodontan and '' Afairiguana avius'' as a possible anole.
* De Queiroz ''et al.'' (2024) describe a probable juvenile anole specimen from the Dominican amber, and identify it as a trunk anole likely related to extant '' Anolis distichus''.
* An anole tail, possibly belonging to a specimen of '' Anolis electrum'', is described from the Miocene Mexican amber by De Queiroz ''et al.'' (2024).
* A study on frontals and maxillae of extant agamids from Australia and Papua New Guinea, and on the utility of these bones for identification of agamid taxa in the fossil record, is published by Ramm ''et al.'' (2024), who report that the studied bones diagnostic at the generic level and might provide information on the ecology of fossil agamids, but also that the studies relying on these elements would likely underestimate agamid species diversity.
* Čerňanský ''et al.'' (2024) describe glyptosaurid, palaeovaranid and varanid fossils from the earliest Eocene strata from the Dormaal site (Belgium) and transfer ?''Placosaurus ragei'' to the glyptosaurid genus '' Gaultia'', representing the first record of this genus outside North America.
* Revision of the fossil material and a study on the affinities of ''Pseudopus pannonicus'' is published by Loréal, Georgalis & Čerňanský (2024), who interpret the majority of large anguids from the Neogene of Europe as junior synonyms of ''P. pannonicus''.
* Donato ''et al.'' (2024) identify skull remains of a Middle Pleistocene monitor lizard from Naracoorte's Fossil Chamber (Victoria Fossil Cave, Australia) as fossil material of the lace monitor.
* Garzon ''et al.'' (2024) describe an incomplete maxilla from the Turonian to Coniacian Middle Napo Formation of the Napo Group, representing the first finding of a mosasaurid from the Upper Cretaceous strata from Ecuador.
* Allemand ''et al.'' (2024) present reconstructions of brain endocasts of three specimens of '' Tethysaurus nopcsai'', providing evidence of different endocranial organizations in ''Tethysaurus'', ''Platecarpus'' and '' Clidastes'', and find no evidence of closer endocranial resemblance of ''Tethysaurus'' to monitor lizards than other toxicoferans.
* Páramo-Fonseca ''et al.'' (2024) describe well-preserved chondrocranial elements of a mosasaur specimen from the Coniacian Galembo Formation (Colombia), indicating that chondrocranium of mosasaurs was more reduced than in most lizards, but not as severely as in snakes and amphisbaenians, and that its reduction might have been related to the modification of limbs by adaptation to aquatic life.
* The oldest fossil material of ''Platecarpus'' from Europe reported to date, as well as fossil material of ''Tylosaurus'' sp, is described from the Santonian localities in the Sougraigne area (Aude Department, France) by Plasse ''et al.'' (2024).
* Grigoriev, Zverkov & Nikiforov (2024) describe mosasaur remains from the Campanian strata from the Izhberda locality, including the first records of members of the subfamilies Tylosaurinae (including ''Taniwhasaurus'', expanding known geographical range of the genus), Mosasaurinae and Plioplatecarpinae from the Upper Cretaceous strata from the Orenburg Oblast (Russia).
* Rempert, Martens & Vinkeles Melchers (2024) describe new fossil material of mosasaurs from the Upper Cretaceous strata in Mississippi (United States), providing evidence of the presence of '' Mosasaurus hoffmannii'' during the Maastrichtian and of cf. ''Platecarpus'', an unnamed species of '' Plioplatecarpus'' from the Demopolis Chalk and probably of ''Tylosaurus'' sp. during the Campanian.
* A study on a skull of a specimen of ''Plioplatecarpus'' from the Campanian Bearpaw Shale (Alberta, Canada) preserved with a sclerotic ring is published by Holmes (2024), who interprets ''Plioplatecarpus'' as having a stereoscopic vision and capable of tracking quickly moving objects in light-poor conditions.
* Sharpe, Powers & Caldwell (2024) consider '' Xenodens calminechari'' to be ''nomen dubium'', and interpret its type material as subjected to a forgery.
* López-Rueda ''et al.'' (2024) describe new mosasaur material from the Upper Cretaceous Labor-Tierna and Plaeners formations (Colombia), including the first record of a member of the genus '' Globidens'' from northern South America reported to date.
* Rempert, Martens & Vinkeles Melchers (2024) report the discovery of new mosasaur material from the Maastrichtian Peedee Formation (North Carolina, United States), including fossils of members of species associated with the northern and southern margin of the Mediterranean Tethys (''Prognathodon'' cf. ''solvayi'' and ''Mosasaurus'' cf. ''beaugei''), extending their known geographical range.
* Aniny ''et al.'' (2024) describe a trunk vertebra of '' Palaeophis'' cf. ''africanus'' from the Eocene deposits of the El Breij Depression (Western Sahara), expanding known geographical range of the species.
* Natarajan ''et al.'' (2024) describe new fossil material of '' Pterosphenus schucherti'' from the Eocene (Bartonian) Harudi Formation (India), and interpret the species ''P. biswasi'' and ''P. schweinfurthi'' as junior synonyms of ''P. schucherti''.
* Garberoglio, Gómez & Caldwell (2024) describe fossil material of a large-bodied (estimated to be around 8 meters in total length) snake distinct from ''Titanoboa'' from the Paleocene Cerrejón Formation (Colombia) interpreted by the authors as an undetermined palaeophiine.
* Flores ''et al.'' (2024) describe remains of a snake belonging to the genus '' Lampropeltis'' from the probable Pleistocene strata from the McFaddin Beach (Texas, United States), providing the first evidence of presence of members of this genus on the Texan coast in the Pleistocene.
* Villa ''et al.'' (2024) describe vertebrae of indeterminate cobras from middle–late Miocene localities in the Vallès-Penedès Basin (Catalonia, Spain), providing evidence of presence of cobras in the Iberian Peninsula before the Messinian salinity crisis.
* The first known snake assemblage from early Clarendonian in North America is reported from the Penny Creek Local Fauna (Ash Hollow Formation; Nebraska, United States) by Jacisin & Lawing (2024), who interpret the studied fossils as indicative of a woodland-prairie environment with a permanent stream or river as a local water source.
* ElShafie (2024) presents novel methods which can be used to determine body size from isolated lizard bones and applies these methods to a sample of lizard bones from the Paleogene of North America.
* Ledesma ''et al.'' (2024) revise fossil material of late Pleistocene and Holocene lizards from Hall's Cave (Texas, United States), adding five new taxa to the known diversity of the cave fauna, and establish a procedure for making well-supported identifications for North American lizard fossils.
* Richter ''et al.'' (2024) report Late Pleistocene (~15.4 ± 1.14 ka and ~13.2 ± 1.14 ka respectively) fossils identifiable as ''Phrynosoma'' ''Cf.'' '' P. douglasii'' from the Coyote Canyon Mammoth Site, Benton County, Washington. These are the first confirmed ''Phrynosoma'' "horned toad" fossils identified from the Pacific Northwest.

Ichthyosauromorphs

Ichthyosauromorph research

* Liu, Wu & Qiao (2024) describe a new hupehsuchian specimen from the Lower Triassic strata in South China, identified as a new morphotype of '' Nanchangosaurus'' and preserving the first known fossil material of palate, zeugopodium and autopodium of ''Nanchangosaurus''.
* Evidence from experiments with soft robotic models, indicative of a direct correlation between fin shape and the pitch torque generated while swimming in ichthyosauriforms, is presented by Sprumont ''et al.'' (2024).
* Ye ''et al.'' (2024) reevaluate the age of '' Thaisaurus chonglakmanii'', interpreting it as a late Spathian taxon.
* Gu, Wolniewicz & Liu (2024) describe a new specimen of '' Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis'', providing new information on the dentition of this species, interpreted as indicating that ''C. zhangjiawanensis'' was likely capable of feeding on harder and larger prey than ''C. brevifemoralis'' and ''C. chaoxianensis''.
* A study on bone arrangement in ichthyosaur fins throughout their evolutionary history, providing evidence of the presence of a broad array of connectivity patterns, is published by Fernández ''et al.'' (2024).
* Sander ''et al.'' (2024) describe vertebrae of a member of the genus ''Cymbospondylus'' from the Olenekian Vikinghøgda Formation (Svalbard, Norway), interpreted as likely belonging to an animal with a total length between 7.5 m and 9.5 m.
* Fossil material of medium- to large-sized probable ichthyopterygians is described from the Anisian strata in South Primorye (Russia) by Zakharov ''et al.'' (2024).
* Redescription of the anatomy of the postcranial skeleton of '' Besanosaurus leptorhynchus'' is published by Bindellini ''et al.'' (2024), who interpret this taxon as having body profile and swimming style intermediate between anguilliform swimmers such as ''Cymbospondylus'' and shastasaur-grade ichthyosaurs.
* Putative bone fragments of large-bodied dinosaurs from Rhaetian strata in France, Germany and United Kingdom are reinterpreted as fossil material of large-bodied ichthyosaurs by Perillo & Sander (2024).
* Eustache ''et al.'' (2024) report evidence of preservation of cellular activity, bone fibrils, Sharpey fibers and cartilage fibers in ichthyosaur specimens from the Jurassic strata in France and the United Kingdom, but find no evidence of collagen preservation in the studied specimens.
* Description of Early Jurassic ichthyosaur specimens from the collection of fossils amassed by Charles Moore is published by Massare ''et al.'' (2024).
* Description of the skeletal anatomy (including the first record of an open medullary cavity on the ribs of an Early Jurassic ichthyosaur) and soft tissues of an immature ichthyosaur specimen (possibly a member of the genus ''Stenopterygius'') from the Toarcian strata of the "Schistes Carton" unit (Luxembourg) is published by Bonnevier Wallstedt ''et al.'' (2024), who also study the taphonomy of the specimen.
* Campos ''et al.'' (2024) redescribe the holotype of '' Myobradypterygius hauthali'', interpreting this species as phylogenetically distant from species belonging to the genus ''Platypterygius'', and consider ''Myobradypterygius'' to be a distinct genus.
* Pardo-Pérez ''et al.'' (2024) describe new fossil material of ''Myobradypterygius hauthali'' from the Hauterivian strata in the Torres del Paine National Park (Chile), expanding known distribution of the species and providing evidence of anatomical differences between ''M. hauthali'' and ''Platypterygius platydactylus'' supporting the classification of ''Myobradypterygius'' as a distinct genus; the authors also describe fossil material of a member of the subfamily Ophthalmosaurinae from the same locality, representing the southernmost record of the subfamily reported to date.
* Yakupova & Akhmedenov (2024) describe fossil material of a member of the genus ''Platypterygius'' from the Albian strata from the Mangystau region (Kazakhstan).
* Young ''et al.'' (2024) describe fossil material of a platypterygiid (probably more closely related to ''Platypterygius australis'' than to the Cretaceous ichthyosaurs from western Gondwana) from the Cenomanian strata of the Swale Member of the Split Rock Formation (New Zealand).
* Meyerkort ''et al.'' (2024) describe a phalanx bone of a brachypterygiid ichthyosaur from the middle–upper Cenomanian strata of the Gearle Siltstone (Australia), representing the geologically youngest ichthyosaur record from the Southern Hemisphere reported to date.
* Review of the fossil record of ichthyosaurs from Switzerland is published by Klug ''et al.'' (2024).

Sauropterygians

Sauropterygian research

* A study on tooth wear patterns in Middle and Late Triassic placodonts from Europe, interpreted as suggestive of different diet composition of the studied placodonts (with some taxa unlikely to feed solely on hard-shelled animals), is published by Gere ''et al.'' (2024).
* Kear ''et al.'' (2024) describe a nothosaur vertebra from the Anisian Balmacaan Formation (New Zealand), representing the oldest sauropterygian record from the Southern Hemisphere reported to date.
* The first simosaurid fossil material from Egypt reported to date is described from the Middle Triassic Saharonim Formation by Cabezuelo-Hernández, De Miguel Chaves & Pérez-García (2024).
* Description of the anatomy of the postcranial skeleton of '' Paludidraco multidentatus'' is published by Cabezuelo-Hernández ''et al.'' (2024).
* New fossil material of plesiosaurs, including the first reliably identified early Pliensbachian pliosaurid reported to date, is described from Pliensbachian strata from Werther and Bielefeld-Sudbrack localities (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) by Sachs, Hornung & Madzia (2024).
* A study on the tooth replacement in '' Maresaurus coccai'', and on its implications for reconstructions of changes of the tooth replacement cycle period of plesiosaurs throughout their evolutionary history, is published by Matelo Mirco, O'Gorman & Gasparini (2024).
* Vincent ''et al.'' (2024) describe a new specimen of ''Liopleurodon ferox'' from the Middle Jurassic (Callovian) from the Grève Quarry (Vienne, France), and interpret its anatomy as confirming that the lack of fusion between centra and neural arches of the cervical vertebrae is not a trait exclusive to juvenile pliosaurids, and might also be a paedomorphic feature of adult specimens.
* Delsett ''et al.'' (2024) describe fossil material of a member of the genus ''Colymbosaurus'' from the Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian-Valanginian) strata of the Sverdrup Basin (Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada), expanding known geographical range of this genus and providing evidence that members of this genus survived the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition.
* Alhalabi ''et al.'' (2024) describe fossil material of an elasmosaurid from the Coniacian-Santonian Rmah Formation (Syria), representing the most complete plesiosaur specimen from the Middle East reported to date and likely the oldest Cretaceous plesiosaur from the Middle East.
* A study on the histology of the vertebrae of ''Vegasaurus molyi'' from different sections of the vertebral column is published by Talevi, Garat & Fernández (2024).
* O'Gorman (2024) studies the neck elongation pattern in '' Elasmosaurus platyurus'', taking the taphonomic distortion into account, and presents a new scheme of neck elongation patterns in plesiosaurs with a long neck and small skull.
* Zverkov ''et al.'' (2024) redescribe '' Polycotylus sopozkoi'' and confirm its status as a distinct species within the genus ''Polycotylus''.
* Henderson (2024) provides estimates of the original masses and shape characteristics of incompletely preserved gastroliths found with Cretaceous plesiosaur specimens from Alberta (Canada), and interprets the estimated amounts of gastroliths as unlikely to work effectively as ballast.
* A study on swimming patterns of plesiosaurs, based on experiments with a robotic model, is published by Fukuhara ''et al.'' (2024).

Turtles

Turtle research

* Pereira ''et al.'' (2024) provide evidence of two peaks in extinction rates in the evolutionary history of turtles, with the first peak coinciding with the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition, and the second one (possibly caused by hominin activities) beginning in and continuing since the Pliocene.
* Vlachos (2024) reports that the diversity of turtles was already in decline before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, and continued to drop during the Danian.
* A study on the osteological variation among the humeri of extant turtles, ''Proganochelys quenstedtii'', '' Proterochersis porebensis'' and '' Palaeochersis talampayensis'' is published by Hermanson ''et al.'' (2024).
* A study on shells of ''Proganochelys'' and ''Proterochersis'' is published by Ferreira ''et al.'' (2024), who interpret their findings as indicating that the main function of the attachment of turtle pelvis to the shell was not strengthening of the shell, and interpret ''Proterochersis'' as likely aquatic.
* Redescription of the anatomy of the skull of '' Heckerochelys romani'' is published by Obraztsova, Sukhanov & Danilov (2024).
* A study on the biomechanical performance of the skull '' Niolamia argentina'' of is published by Degrange ''et al.'' (2024), who interpret the frill and horns of ''N. argentina'' as more likely used for display than for combat.
* Sterli ''et al.'' (2024) describe fossil material of a new turtle taxon from the Cenomanian Piedra Clavada Formation (Argentina), with a distinctive morphology indicating that it belongs to a previously unrecognized lineage of turtles, and representing the oldest Late Cretaceous turtle from the southernmost part of South America reported to date.
* Tong ''et al.'' (2024) describe new shell material of '' Phunoichelys thirakhupti'' and '' Kalasinemys prasarttongosothi'' from the Phu Noi site (Thailand), providing new information on the anatomy of the studied turtles.
* Pérez-García & Rubio (2024) describe a carapace of '' Algorachelus'' cf. ''peregrina'' from the Albian or Cenomanian Boundary Marls Unit of the Utrillas Group (Spain), representing the oldest bothremydid from Laurasia reported to date.
* Cadena ''et al.'' (2024) describe new fossil material of '' Puentemys mushaisaensis'' from the Paleogene Arcillolitas de Socha Formation (Boyacá Department, Colombia), expanding known geographical range of the species, and interpret its presence in both Arcillolitas de Socha Formation and the Cerrejón Coal Mine as indicative of connectivity of coastal and inland ecosystems in northern South America during the late Paleocene to early Eocene.
* Sena ''et al.'' (2024) study the microstructure of shells of '' Bauruemys elegans'' and other members of Pelomedusoides from the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene strata in southern Brazil, and interpret their findings as consistent with an aquatic to semi-aquatic lifestyle of the studied turtles, as well as supporting the interpretation of the turtle carapace as originating endoskeletally from ribs and vertebral arches.
* Maniel (2024) describes fossil material of members of Podocnemidoidea from the Santonian Bajo de la Carpa Formation (Argentina), preserving a scute scheme different from those of other turtles from the studied formation, and revises the diversity of Pelomedusoides from the Upper Cretaceous Neuquén Group, finding evidence for three different stages of their evolution (the appearance of Bothremydidae in the Cenomanian, their coexistence with Podocnemidoidea from the late Turonian to the Coniacian, and the continued existence and diversification of Podocnemidoidea from the Santonian to the late Campanian).
* New information on the shell anatomy of '' Neochelys zamorensis'' is presented by Pérez-García ''et al.'' (2024).
* Pérez-García, Camilo & Ortega (2024) describe new fossil material of '' Selenemys lusitanica'' from the Upper Jurassic Bombarral and Sobral formations (Portugal), providing new information on the shell anatomy of this turtle.
* Spicher, Lyson & Evers (2024) redescribe the anatomy of the skull of '' Saxochelys gilberti''.
* A study on the anatomy of the skull of '' Australobaena chilensis'' is published by Karl, Safi & Tichy (2024).
* Tong ''et al.'' (2024) describe carapaces of members of the genus '' Nanhsiungchelys'' from the Upper Cretaceous of Ganzhou Basin (Jiangxi, China), extending known geographical distribution of the genus and providing new information on the morphology of its carapace.
* Ke ''et al.'' (2024) describe fossil material of a member of the genus ''Nanhsiungchelys'' from the Upper Cretaceous of Ganzhou Basin (China) and reevaluate the holotype of ''N. yangi'', providing evidence that the plastron of members of the genus ''Nanhsiungchelys'' was partially hollow.
* Redescription of the anatomy of the skull of '' Allaeochelys libyca'' is published by Rollot, Evers & Joyce (2024).
* Description of an isolated cranium of '' Axestemys infernalis'', representing the first trionychid skull material from the Maastrichtian Lance Formation (Wyoming, United States), and a study on the phylogenetic affinities of ''A. infernalis'' is published by Ponstein ''et al.'' (2024).
* Girard ''et al.'' (2024) describe new fossil material of '' Hutchemys rememdium'' from the Sentinel Butte and Bullion Creek formations of the Fort Union Group (North Dakota, United States), including the first known skull material of a member of the genus ''Hutchemys''.
* Redescription of the holotype and a study on the affinities of '' Nichollsemys baieri'' is published by Menon ''et al.'' (2024).
* The first fossil marine turtle found with gastroliths preserved in its body cavity (a protostegid possibly belonging to the species '' Protosphargis veronensis'') is described from the Turonian strata of Scaglia Rossa (Italy) by Serafini ''et al.'' (2024).
* Bona ''et al.'' (2024) describe dermochelyid fossils from the Leticia Formation (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina), representing the first Eocene record of marine reptiles from the southern Atlantic coast of South America, and interpret this finding as indicating that Eocene dermochelyids, like extant leatherback sea turtle, were able to live in waters with a wide temperature gradient.
* Zvonok ''et al.'' (2024) describe dermochelyid cranial and postcranial fossil material with affinities to the genera Cosmochelys and Egyptemys from the Bartonian of the Shorym Formation (Mangyshlak Peninsula, Kazakhstan), representing the first cranial remains of dermochelyids described from northern Eurasia and providing more information on the skull morphology of early dermochelyids by Zvonok ''et al.'' (2024).
* Ascarrunz & Joyce (2024) describe a plastron fragment of a turtle with affinities with "ptychogasterid" geoemydids from the Eocene Messel Formation (Germany), distinct from other turtle species described from this formation.
* Evers & Al Iawati (2024) describe the anatomy of the skull of '' Stylemys nebrascensis'', and interpret this species as a possible stem-representative of the gopher tortoise lineage.
* Torres ''et al.'' (2024) interpret tortoise fossil material from the Late Pleistocene strata in Ecuador as belonging to the sister taxon of the Galápagos tortoises, and interpret the studied fossils as indicating that the ancestors of the Galápagos tortoises evolved large body size before reaching the Galápagos Islands from the South American continent.
* A study on the evolutionary history of turtles from insular Southeast Asia is published by Claude ''et al.'' (2024), who confirm that '' Duboisemys isoclina'' was an endemic extinct taxon.

Archosauriformes

Archosaurs

Other archosauriforms

Archosauriform research

* Sharma ''et al.'' (2024) describe new proterosuchid material from the Lower Triassic (Induan) Panchet Formation (India), consider fossil material of ''"Teratosaurus" bengalensis'' to likely belong to a proterosuchid, and find no evidence for the presence of more than one archosauromorph taxon in the upper Panchet Formation.
* A study on jaw mechanics of '' Proterochampsa nodosa'' de Simão-Oliveira ''et al.'' (2024), who report that ''Proterochampsa'' was able to perform bite forces comparable to those of alligators, but also that its jaws were more susceptible to bending than jaws of alligators, as well as more prone to accumulate stresses resulting from muscle contraction than both alligators and false gharials.
* LePore & McLain (2024) identify a specimen of '' Machaeroprosopus mccauleyi'' from the Chinle Formation with a sacrum including a sacralized first caudal vertebra, expanding known sacral count variation in phytosaurs.
* The smallest phytosaur femora reported to date are described from the lower Chinle Formation at Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona, United States) by Goldsmith ''et al.'' (2024), who interpret one of the studied femora as belonging to a post-hatching individual that may have died within the first year of its life, with slower growth rate than inferred for larger phytosaur specimens, and interpret their findings as suggesting that phytosaurs might have had size-dependent growth through ontogeny, with faster growth rates at later ontogenetic stages.
* Sander & Wellnitz (2024) describe a phytosaur osteoderm from the Upper Triassic strata in the Bonenburg clay pit (Contorta Beds of the Exter Formation; North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) representing the youngest well-dated phytosaur fossil reported to date, and indicating that phytosaurs survived into the late middle Rhaetian, at most two million years before the end of the Triassic.

Other reptiles

Other reptile research

* Redescription and a study on the affinities of '' Brouffia orientalis'' is published by Klembara ''et al.'' (2024).
* A study on the microanatomy and replacement of teeth in mesosaurs is published by Carlisbino ''et al.'' (2024).
* Fossil material of the largest mesosaur specimens reported to date is described from the Permian Mangrullo Formation (Uruguay) by Piñeiro, Núñez Demarco & Laurin (2024).
* A study on the bone microstructure of ''Mesosaurus tenuidens'', providing evidence of distinct life history trajectories in specimens collected from different outcrops, is published by Carlisbino ''et al.'' (2024).
* Redescription and a study on the phylogenetic affinities of '' Bolosaurus major'' is published by Jenkins ''et al.'' (2024).
* New information on the skull anatomy of '' Soturnia caliodon'' and its intraspecific variation, based on the study of the skull of an immature individual, is presented by Dalle Laste ''et al.'' (2024).
* New information on the anatomy of the skull of '' Emeroleter levis'' is presented by Bazzana-Adams, MacDougall & Fröbisch (2024), who also study the phylogenetic relationships of nycteroleterids.
* A study on the chronological sequence of late Permian localities in Eastern Europe preserving pareiasaur osteoderms is published by Golubev, Naumcheva & Boyarinova (2024).
* Redescription of the anatomy of the skull and a study on the affinities of '' Nanoparia luckhoffi'' is published by Van den Brandt ''et al.'' (2024).
* Mooney ''et al.'' (2024) describe a skeleton of ''Captorhinus aguti'' from the Richards Spur locality (Oklahoma, United States), preserved with integumentary structures interpreted as remnants of the epidermis, and showing surface morphologies of the skin consistent with variation in most extant and extinct reptiles.
* Buffa ''et al.'' (2024) propose a new reconstruction of the skull and mandible of '' Avicranium renestoi'' and study the affinities of weigeltisaurids and drepanosauromorphs, recovering the former group as stem-saurian diapsids and the latter group as the sister taxon of trilophosaurids within Archosauromorpha.
* Beccari ''et al.'' (2024) describe a juvenile specimen of '' Pleurosaurus'' cf. ''P. ginsburgi'' from the Tithonian Mörnsheim Formation (Germany), representing the first unambiguous post-hatchling juvenile of ''Pleurosaurus'' reported to date, and note its similarities with '' Acrosaurus'' which might be indicative of synonymy of the two genera.
* A study on the bone histology of '' Priosphenodon avelasi'', interpreted as indicative of alternation between periods of slow and fast growth, is published by Cavasin, Cerda & Apesteguía (2024).
* A study on the affinities of '' Cryptovaranoides microlanius'' is published by Whiteside, Chambi-Trowell & Benton (2024), who reaffirm their original conclusion that the studied reptile is a squamate with possible anguimorph affinities.
* A study on the bone histology and microanatomy of '' Eusaurosphargis dalassoi'' is published by Klein & Scheyer (2024).
* Review of the fossil record, phylogenetic relationships and likely ecology of thalattosaurs is published by Bastiaans (2024).
* Taxonomic revision of the genus '' Xinpusaurus'' is published by Maisch (2024), who considers ''X. suni'' and ''X. kohi'' to be valid species belonging to this genus, interprets ''X. bamaolinensis'' as a junior synonym of ''X. suni'', and transfers ''X. xingyiensis'' to the genus '' Concavispina''.
* Redescription of '' Pachystropheus rhaeticus'' is published by Quinn ''et al.'' (2024), who identify this reptile as a member of Thalattosauria.
* Redescription of the skeletal anatomy of '' Dinocephalosaurus orientalis'' is published by Spiekman ''et al.'' (2024), who interpret ''D. orientalis'' as adapted to more open waters than '' Tanystropheus hydroides'', and consider the similarities between ''Dinocephalosaurus'' and ''Tanystropheus'' to be largely convergent.
* Redescription of '' Trachelosaurus fischeri'', interpreted as the first unambiguous ''Dinocephalosaurus''-like archosauromorph found outside the Guanling Formation, is published by Spiekman ''et al.'' (2024), who consider the family Trachelosauridae to be the senior synonym of the family Dinocephalosauridae, and name a new clade of non- crocopodan archosauromorphs Tanysauria.
* Rytel ''et al.'' (2024) study the internal anatomy of the cervival vertebrae of tanysaurians, and report evidence of adaptations to neck elongation that were unparalleled in other known animals.
* A study on the shape variation in the cervical vertebrae of tanystropheids and related archosauromorphs, providing evidence of existence of modularity patterns in the necks of early archosauromorphs and evidence indicating that elongated necks of tanystropheids and archosaurs evolved in different ways, is published by Rytel ''et al.'' (2024).
* A study on the bone histology of '' Ozimek volans'', providing evidence of similarity of the histology of its long bones to those of small bats, is published by Konietzko-Meier ''et al.'' (2024).
* Marsh, Sidor & Armour Smith (2024) report the discovery of an assemblage of remains of trilophosaurids (including '' Trilophosaurus phasmalophos''), malerisaurine azendohsaurids and indeterminate allokotosaurians from the lowermost Revueltian strata from the Sonsela Member of the Chinle Formation (Arizona, United States), and interpret this finding as indicative of coexistence of trilophosaurids and malerisaurines in the southwestern United States for approximately 10 million years during the Carnian and Norian.
* A study on the biogeography of allokotosaurians is published by Roig, Miño-Boilini & Ezcurra (2024), who identity the area of India and Tanzania as the ancestral area of Allokotosauria in general and azendohsaurids in particular, and identify eastern North America as the ancestral area of trilophosaurids.
* Redescription and a study on the affinities of '' Malerisaurus robinsonae'' is published by Sengupta, Ezcurra & Bandyopadhyay (2024).
* Redescription of the anatomy of the skull of ''Mesosuchus browni'' is published by Foster ''et al.'' (2024), who report evidence of the presence of a pneumatized maxilla and likely a well-developed vomeronasal system.
* Battista ''et al.'' (2024) describe the first hyperodapedontine rhynchosaur material from the Carnian ''Santacruzodon'' Assemblage Zone (Brazil), filling a gap within the South American rhynchosaur distribution and providing evidence of faunal similarities with other regions of Gondwana (i.e. Madagascar).
* Schiefelbein ''et al.'' (2024) describe a new specimen of ''"Hyperodapedon" sanjuanensis'' from the Upper Triassic Candelária Sequence of the Santa Maria Supersequence (Brazil), preserving delicate scleral ossicles and providing information on the visual adaptations of hyperodapedontine rhynchosaurs.
* De-Oliveira ''et al.'' (2024) describe new postcranial material of '' Teyujagua paradoxa'' from the Lower Triassic Sanga do Cabral Formation), providing evidence of a morphology intermediate between early archosauromorphs and proterosuchids.
* Rossi ''et al.'' (2024) report that purported soft tissues of the holotype of '' Tridentinosaurus antiquus'' are actually manufactured pigment, indicating that the body outline is a forgery and the only real parts of the specimen are the hindlimbs and osteoderms, and consider the validity of the taxon to be doubtful.

Reptiles in general

* A study on the development of the tympanic membrane in extant reptiles and on the presence of osteological correlates of the tympanic membrane in the fossil record of reptiles is published by Bronzati ''et al.'' (2024), who interpret their findings as indicative of a single origin of the tympanic ear and tympanic hearing at the origin of the crown group of reptiles, as well as of independent appearance of the tympanic ear and tympanic hearing in mammals, Parareptilia and the crown group of reptiles.
* Cawthorne, Whiteside & Benton (2024) describe Late Triassic reptile fossils from the Emborough, Batscombe and Highcroft quarries (Somerset, United Kingdom), including fossil material of a new crocodylomorph taxon similar to ''Saltoposuchus'' and other loricatan fossils, an ilium of '' Pachystropheus rhaeticus'' (interpreted by the authors as a thalattosaur rather than a choristodere) and fossils of a possible procolophonid, '' Kuehneosaurus latus'', rhynchocephalians, a possible lepidosauromorph similar to '' Cryptovaranoides microlanius'' and trilophosaurids.
* Laboury ''et al.'' (2024) compare the evolution of morphology and body size of ichthyopterygians and eosauropterygians from the Middle Triassic to the Early Jurassic, finding evidence of diversification into three clades with clearly distinct skull and teeth morphologies in the latter group but not in the former one, and finding no evidence for an abrupt macroevolutionary bottleneck of the studied groups near the Triassic-Jurassic boundary.
* Reolid ''et al.'' (2024) review the evolution of marine reptiles during the Jurassic, focusing on the impact of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, and report evidence of diversification of thalattosuchian crocodylomorphs and stenopterygid ichthyosaurs in the early Toarcian, as well evidence of extinctions of other group that survived the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event later during the Toarcian.
* Zverkov ''et al.'' (2024) revise the fossil record of marine reptiles from the Callovian of European Russia, providing evidence of the presence of a relict rhomaleosaurid as well as ichthyosaurs and thalattosuchians distinct from Western European ones in the early Callovian, and evidence of exchange of marine reptile faunas between Western and Eastern European seas in the middle to late Callovian.
* Foffa, Young & Brusatte (2024) study the morphological and functional variation of lower jaws of marine reptiles from the Oxford Clay and Kimmeridge Clay formations, providing evidence of convergence of members of distantly related groups to similar feeding strategies, and likely evidence of niche partitioning among coexisting reptiles.
* A study on the orbit and eye size in fossil archosauromorphs is published by Lautenschlager ''et al.'' (2024), who find that the largest eyes relative to the skull length were mostly present in small taxa, that herbivorous species had on average both larger orbits and larger skulls than carnivores, that eyes which were large in absolute terms appeared predominantly in large-sized dinosaurs irrespective of their diet, and that different activity patterns cannot be determined on the basis of orbit size alone.
* A study on the evolution of locomotion in archosauromorph reptiles is published by Shipley ''et al.'' (2024), who interpret their findings as indicative of greater range in limb form and locomotor modes of dinosaurs compared to other archosauromorph groups, and argue that the ability to adopt a wider variety of limb forms and modes might have given dinosaurs a competitive advantage over pseudosuchians.
* A study on bite marks on bones of ''Hyperodapedon huxleyi'' from the Upper Triassic Lower Maleri Formation (India) is published by Chakraborty, Mukherjee & Ray (2024), who interpret the studied bite marks as likely produced by phytosaurs and dinosauriforms.
* Doering ''et al.'' (2024) describe new fossil material of archosauromorph reptiles from the Niemeyer complex (Santa Maria Supersequence, Brazil), including the first records of a rhynchosaur ('' Teyumbaita sulcognathus''), a saurischian dinosaur and a probable silesaurid from this locality, and interpret the rhynchosaur remains as indicating that the site dates close to the Carnian-Norian boundary.
* LeBlanc ''et al.'' (2024) report that extant Komodo dragons maintain cutting edges of their teeth through iron-enriched coatings on their tooth serrations and tips, argue that iron sequestration is probably widespread in reptile enamels, but also find no evidence of iron coatings along theropod dinosaur tooth serrations, report that tyrannosaurid theropods had specialized, wavy enamel along their tooth serrations that likely supported the cutting edges of the teeth, and interpret these findings as either indicative of different feeding strategies of tyrannosaurids and Komodo dragons, or indicating that only large theropods had tooth enamel that was thick enough to significantly influence the mechanical wear of the tooth serrations.
* New fossil material of reptiles, including two turtle, seven lizard and eight snake taxa, is described from the Miocene and Pliocene localities in Greece by Georgalis ''et al.'' (2024).

References

{{reflist

2024 in paleontology