Titles In Azerbaijan
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A title is one or more words used before or after a person's name, in certain contexts. It may signify their generation, official position, military rank, professional or academic qualification, or nobility. In some languages, titles may be inserted between the first and last name (for example, in German or clerical titles such as Cardinal in Catholic usage – Richard Cardinal Cushing). Some titles are hereditary.


Types

Titles include: * Honorific titles or styles of address, a phrase used to convey respect to the recipient of a communication, or to recognize an attribute such as: ** Imperial, royal and noble rank **
Academic degree An academic degree is a qualification awarded to a student upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, usually at a college or university. These institutions often offer degrees at various levels, usually divided into und ...
** Social title, prevalent among certain sections of society due to historic or other reasons. ** Other accomplishment, as with a title of honor * Title of authority, an identifier that specifies the office or position held by an
official An official is someone who holds an office (function or Mandate (politics), mandate, regardless of whether it carries an actual Office, working space with it) in an organization or government and participates in the exercise of authority (eithe ...


Titles in English-speaking areas


Common titles

* Mr. – All males * Ms. – Adult women * Mrs. – Married women (includes widows and divorcées) * Miss – Unmarried women and girls (form of address) * Madam (also Madame and Ma'am) – Formal form of address for an adult woman. Also used with an official position, similar to "Mister" for men, e.g. "Madam/Mister Ambassador" * Mx. – Gender neutral or unspecified (may not be recognised in some places)


Controversy around usage of common titles

Some people object to the usage of titles to denote marital status, age or gender. In 2018, a campaign named GoTitleFree was launched to encourage businesses to stop requesting, storing and using marital status titles in their registration forms, and when speaking with customers, launched on the grounds that titles often lead to assumptions about a woman's age or availability for marriage, and exclude non-binary people (though various titles, such as Mx., are increasingly used in some countries). This is in line with established practice advocated by the World Wide Web Consortium and the Government Digital Service, which sets the standard for UK government online services. This in turn means that titles are optional on UK passports and driving licences.


Familial

Family titles in English-speaking countries include: * Uncle – one's parent's brother (may also include great uncles) * Aunt or Aunty – one's parent's sister (may also include great aunts) * Granny, Gran, Grandma or Nana – one's grandmother (may also include great-grandmothers) * Pop, Grandpa, Gramps or Grandad – one's grandfather (may also include great-grandfathers)


Legislative and executive titles

* Hon. ( Honourable), for younger sons and daughters of barons, and Rt. Hon. ( Right Honourable), for Privy Councillors, used in the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
Some job titles of members of the legislature and executive are used as titles. *MP, for members of the Parliament (usually the lower house) *MYP, for members of the UK Youth Parliament *MSYP, for members of the Scottish Youth Parliament * Representative * Senator, for members of the American or Australian upper house * Speaker, for speaker of Parliament * President (from which comes such titles as Deputy President, Executive Vice President, Lord President of the Council, and Vice President) * Councillor, for member of a council * Youth Councillor (YC) * Alderman/ Selectman * Delegate *
Mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a Municipal corporation, municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilitie ...
and related terms such as Lady Mayoress and Lord Mayor * Governor and Lieutenant Governor * Prefect *
Prelate A prelate () is a high-ranking member of the Minister (Christianity), Christian clergy who is an Ordinary (church officer), ordinary or who ranks in precedence with ordinaries. The word derives from the Latin , the past participle of , which me ...
* Premier * Burgess * Ambassador * Envoy * Secretary, Cardinal Secretary of State, Foreign Secretary, General Secretary, Secretary of State, and other titles in the form "Secretary of..." in which Secretary means the same thing as Minister * Attaché * Chargé d'affaires * Provost * Minister (from which comes such titles as Prime Minister and Health Minister)


Aristocratic titles

*
Prince A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...
/ Princess – From the
Latin Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...
, meaning 'first person' or 'first citizen'. The title was originally used by Augustus at the establishment of the
Roman Empire The Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Roman people, Romans conquered most of this during the Roman Republic, Republic, and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian's assumption of ...
to avoid the political risk of assuming the title ('King') in what was technically still a republic. In modern times, the title is often given to the sons and daughters of ruling monarchs. Also a title of certain ruling monarchs under the Holy Roman Empire and its subsidiary territories until 1918 which is still used in
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein (, ; ; ), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein ( ), is a Landlocked country#Doubly landlocked, doubly landlocked Swiss Standard German, German-speaking microstate in the Central European Alps, between Austria in the east ...
( Monaco still uses the title Prince to this day, even though it was not a part of the Holy Roman Empire), and in Imperial Russia before 1917. The German title is ('first'), a translation of the Latin term; the equivalent Russian term is (). * Archduke/ Archduchess – A title derived from the Greek ('ruler; higher') and the Latin ('leader'). It was used most notably by the Habsburg Dynasty, who ruled
Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...
and
Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
until 1918. * Grand Duke/ Grand Duchess – 'Big; large' + Latin ('leader'). A variant of ''Archduke'', used particularly in English translations Romanov Dynasty Russian titles. Also used in various Germanic territories until
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
. Still survives in Luxembourg. * Duke/ Duchess – From the Latin , a military title used in the
Roman Empire The Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Roman people, Romans conquered most of this during the Roman Republic, Republic, and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian's assumption of ...
, especially in its early Byzantine period when it designated the military commander for a specific zone. * Marquis, Marquess/ Marquise, or Marchioness – From the French , literally 'ruler of a border area' (from the Old French meaning 'border'; exact English translation is 'March Lord', or 'Lord of the March'. * Count/ Countess - From the Latin meaning 'companion'. The word was used by the Roman Empire in its Byzantine period as an honorific with a meaning roughly equivalent to modern English ''peer''. It became the title of those who commanded field armies in the Empire, as opposed to , which commanded locally based forces. * Earl (used in the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
instead of Count, but the feminine equivalent is Countess) – From the Germanic , meaning 'chieftain', the title was brought to the British Isles by the Anglo-Saxons and survives in use only there, having been superseded in Scandinavia and on the European continent. *
Viscount A viscount ( , for male) or viscountess (, for female) is a title used in certain European countries for a noble of varying status. The status and any domain held by a viscount is a viscounty. In the case of French viscounts, the title is ...
/ Viscountess - From the Latin ('Deputy; substitute'. Hence ''vicar'' and prefix ''vice-'') appended to Latin . Literally translates as 'Deputy Count'. * Baron/ Baroness - From the Late Latin , meaning 'man, servant, soldier'. The title originally designated the chief feudal tenant of a place, who was in vassalage to a greater lord. In the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
, Lord and Lady are used as titles for members of the nobility. Unlike titles such as Mr and Mrs, they are not used before first names except in certain circumstances, for example as courtesy titles for younger sons, etc., of peers. In
Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...
, Lord of Parliament and Lady of Parliament are the equivalents of Baron and Baroness in
England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...
. * Lord – From the Old English , , meaning, literally, 'bread-keeper', from ('bread') + ('guardian, keeper') and by extension 'husband, father, or chief'. (From which comes modified titles such as First Sea Lord and Lord of the Manor.) The feminine equivalent is Lady from the related Old English meaning, literally, "bread-kneader", from ("bread") + ("maid"), and by extension wife, daughter, or mistress of the house. (From which comes First Lady, the anachronistic Second Lady, etc.) *
Emperor The word ''emperor'' (from , via ) can mean the male ruler of an empire. ''Empress'', the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother/grandmother (empress dowager/grand empress dowager), or a woman who rules ...
/ Empress – From the Latin , meaning 'he/she who holds the authority to command ()'. *
King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...
/ Queen – Derived from
Old Norse Old Norse, also referred to as Old Nordic or Old Scandinavian, was a stage of development of North Germanic languages, North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants ...
/Germanic words. The original meaning of the root of ''king'' apparently meant 'leader of the family' or 'descendant of the leader of the family', and the original meaning of ''queen'' meant 'wife'. By the time the words came into English they already meant 'ruler'. * Tsar/ Tsarina (Tsaritsa) – Slavonic loan-word from Latin. * Caesar – The name of Julius Caesar taken by his heir Augustus and thereafter by Augustus' successors as Roman Emperor through the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Loaned into German as . * Leader – From Old English , meaning "to guide". The head of state of North Korea is titled Great Leader. The '' de facto'' head of state of
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
is titled Supreme Leader. * Chief – A variation of the English "Prince", used as the short form of the word "Chieftain" (except for in
Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...
, where "Chieftain" is a title held by a titleholder subordinate to a chief). Generally used to refer to a recognised leader within a chieftaincy system. From this come the variations paramount chief, clan chief and village chief. The feminine equivalent is Chieftess.


Titles used by knights, dames, baronets and baronetesses

* Sir – Used by knights and baronets * Dame – Used by dames and baronetesses Both the titles "Sir" and "Dame" differ from titles such as "Mr" and "Mrs" in that they can only be used before a person's first name, and not immediately before their surname. Neither "Sir" or "Dame" confer nobility upon the titleholder. * (French) * (Italian)


Judicial titles

* Advocate * Advocate General (AG) * Attorney * Bailiff * Barrister * Chancellor (C) (of the High Court) * Judge and Admiralty Judge * Justice (J) ** Chief Justice or Lord Chief Justice (CJ) (of the judiciary) ** Lord Justice Clerk ** Lord Justice of Appeal (LJ) (of the Court of Appeal) ** Justice of the Peace * Magistrate and Promagistrate * Master of the Rolls (MR) (of the Court of Appeal) * Member and Chairman, for members of quasi-judicial boards * Mufti and Grand Mufti * Notary * President (P) (of the Queen's/King's Bench Division) or President (P) (of the Family Division) ** Lord President of the Court of Session * Privy Counsellor (or Privy Councillor) (PC) (of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council) * Queen's Counsel (QC) (King's Counsel (KC) when
monarch A monarch () is a head of stateWebster's II New College Dictionary. "Monarch". Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 2001. p. 707. Life tenure, for life or until abdication, and therefore the head of state of a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest ...
is male) * Solicitor


Historical

* Lictor * Reeve *
Seneschal The word ''seneschal'' () can have several different meanings, all of which reflect certain types of supervising or administering in a historic context. Most commonly, a seneschal was a senior position filled by a court appointment within a royal, ...
* Tribune


Ecclesiastical titles (Christian)

Titles are used to show somebody's
ordination Ordination is the process by which individuals are Consecration in Christianity, consecrated, that is, set apart and elevated from the laity class to the clergy, who are thus then authorized (usually by the religious denomination, denominationa ...
as a priest or their membership in a religious order. Use of titles differs between denominations.


Religious

* Abbess * Abbot * Brother – also for monks * Friar * Mother, Mother Superior, and Reverend Mother * Reverend * Sister – for religious sisters and nuns


Priests

Christian priests often have their names prefixed with a title similar to The Reverend. *
Bishop A bishop is an ordained member of the clergy who is entrusted with a position of Episcopal polity, authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance and administration of di ...
(from which come Archbishop, Boy Bishop, Lord Archbishop, Metropolitan Bishop, and Prince Bishop) * Presbyter * Priest (from which comes High Priest. The feminine equivalent is Priestess.) * Father (Fr.) * Patriarch * Pope * Catholicos * Vicar * Chaplain * Canon * Pastor *
Prelate A prelate () is a high-ranking member of the Minister (Christianity), Christian clergy who is an Ordinary (church officer), ordinary or who ranks in precedence with ordinaries. The word derives from the Latin , the past participle of , which me ...
* Primate * Dom – from , 'Lord'. Used for Benedictine monks in solemn religious vows, but reserved for abbots among the Trappists. In Brazil, it is used for bishops. * Cardinal * Ter (title) – Used by Armenian priests.


Used for deceased persons only

*
Servant of God Servant of God () is a title used in the Catholic Church to indicate that an individual is on the first step toward possible canonization as a saint. Terminology The expression ''Servant of God'' appears nine times in the Bible, the first five in ...
* Venerable * Blessed *
Saint In Christianity, Christian belief, a saint is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of sanctification in Christianity, holiness, imitation of God, likeness, or closeness to God in Christianity, God. However, the use of the ...
(abbreviated S. or St.)


Other

* Christ – Greek translation of the Hebrew (or ' Messiah'), commonly used to refer to Jesus of Nazareth * Deacon and Archdeacon * Acolyte * Dean * Elder * Minister * Monsignor * President (in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) * Reader * Almoner and Lord High Almoner (Christian) * Apostle *
Prophet In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divinity, divine being and is said to speak on behalf of that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings ...
*
Teacher A teacher, also called a schoolteacher or formally an educator, is a person who helps students to acquire knowledge, competence, or virtue, via the practice of teaching. ''Informally'' the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g. w ...
* Seventy * Evangelist * High Priest * Great (Lord) Father of all churches


Academic titles

* Dr. – Short for doctor, a title used by those with doctoral degrees, such as PhD, DPhil, MD, DO, DDS, EdD, DCN, DBA, DNP, PharmD, DVM, and LLD. Those with JD degrees, although technically allowed, do not use this as a title by convention. * Prof. –
Professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other tertiary education, post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin ...
* Doc. – Docent * EUR ING – Short for European Engineer, an international professional qualification and title for highly qualified engineers used in over 32 European countries.


Military titles

Military ranks are used before names. * Admiral (from which come Grand Admiral, Fleet Admiral, Lord High Admiral, Rear Admiral, and Vice Admiral) * Brigadier * Captain (from which comes Group Captain) * Colonel (from which comes Lieutenant Colonel) * Commander (from which come Commander-in-Chief, Lieutenant Commander, and Wing Commander) * Commodore (from which comes Air Commodore) * Corporal (from which come Lance Corporal and Staff Corporal) *
General A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air force, air and space forces, marines or naval infantry. In some usages, the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colone ...
is usually used as a sort of shorthand for "general military commander". The term's far-reaching connotation has provoked its use in a very broad range of titles, including Adjutant General, Attorney General, Captain General, Colonel General, Director General, Generalissimo, General of the Army, Governor General, Lieutenant General, Lord Justice General, Major General, Resident General, Secretary General, Solicitor General, Surgeon General and Vicar General * Lieutenant (from which come First Lieutenant, Flight Lieutenant and Lord Lieutenant) * Major * Marshal (from which comes Air Chief Marshal, Air Marshal, Air Vice Marshal and Field Marshal) * Mate, more often titled as Chief Mate or First Mate * Officer, a generic sort of title whose use has spread in recent years into a wide array of mostly corporate and military titles. These include Air Officer, Chief Academic Officer, Chief analytics officer, Chief Business Development Officer, Chief Credit Officer, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Information Officer, Chief Information Security Officer, chief knowledge officer, Chief Marketing Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Petty Officer, Chief Risk Officer, Chief Security Officer, Chief Strategy Officer, Chief Technical Officer, Chief Warrant Officer, Corporate officer, Customs officer, Field officer, First Officer, Flag Officer, Flying Officer, General Officer, Intelligence Officer, Junior Warrant Officer, Master Chief Petty Officer, Master Warrant Officer, Officer of State, Petty Officer, Pilot Officer, Police Officer, Political Officer, Revenue Officer, Senior Officer, Ship's Officer, Staff Officer, and Warrant Officer. * Private, and many equivalent ranks depending on regiment. * Sergeant (from which come Sergeant at Mace and Sergeant at Arms).


Maritime titles

The names of shipboard officers, certain shipping line employees and Maritime Academy faculty/staff are preceded by their title when acting in performance of their duties. * Captain – a ship's highest responsible officer acting on behalf of the ship's owner (Master) or a person who is responsible for the maintenance of the vessels of a shipping line, for their docking, the handling of cargo and for the hiring of personnel for deck departments (Port Captain). * Chief – a licensed mariner in charge of the engineering ( Chief Engineer) or deck ( Chief Mate or Officer) department * Mate – licensed member of the deck department of a merchant ship (see Second Mate & Third Mate) * Cadet – unlicensed trainee mate/officer or engineer under training


Law enforcement

The names of police officers may be preceded by a title such as "Officer" or by their rank. * Constable (from which come Lord High Constable and Senior Constable) * Agent * Sergeant * Officer * Chief


Protected professional titles

In several jurisdictions, the use of some professional titles is restricted to people holding a valid and recognised license to practice. Unqualified individuals who use these reserved titles may be fined or jailed. Protected titles may be limited to those professions that require a bachelor's degree or higher and a state, provincial, or national license. Usage varies between countries. For example, in the United Kingdom "nutritionist" and "psychologist", titles protected in many countries, are not protected, and anybody can so describe themselves, while "dietitian" and "chartered psychologist" (and many specialist psychologist terms) are protected. An international survey on the different protection of terms for psychologists found wide differences in regulations across different jurisdictions. * Professional Engineer, Registered Engineer, Engineer (in Quebec) * Professional Nurse, Registered Nurse, Nurse


Other organizations

Some titles are used to show a person's role or position in a society or organization. * Principal * Nanny * Coach * Wizard, such as the Grand Wizard and Imperial Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan * Brother or Sister, often used, in particular, to signify membership of some religious orders * Father, often used to identify a priest * Chief Scout (The Scout Association) – the head of The Scout Association * King's Scout – title conferred upon a scout upon achieving highest attainable award achievable in the Scouting movement * Queen's Guide – title conferred upon a guide upon highest attainable award for members of the Girl Guiding movement * Scout, Eagle Scout * Grandmaster * Doctor is often used to identify a person as a physician, but is also an honorific for anyone holding a doctorate in any field. Some titles are used in English to refer to the position of people in foreign political systems * Citizen, First Citizen * Comrade


Non-English speaking areas


Default titles in other languages

It should be, noted, however, that in many of those languages the title for unmarried female is considered to be antiquated and may be considered as legally improper.


Martial arts

* Sensei - used for martial arts instructors * Senpai - used for junior karate instructors and karate instructors in training * Karate-ka - used for karate students * Judge - used for the judges and referees at martial arts tournaments * Master - used for kung-fu instructors or people who have studied the art their entire life


Academic

* Docent * Doctorandus, abbreviated as ''drs.''


Religious

* Ayatollah * Seghatoleslam * Bodhisattva * Bhagat * Druid and Archdruid * Granthi * Guru * Hakham * Buddha * Hajji * Imam * Jathedar * Jathedarni * Kohen * Lama and the related Dalai Lama and Panchen Lama * Mahatma * Mahdi * Mullah * Mawlana * Mawlawi * Nath * Pastor * Pujari * Rabbi * Rebbe * Reverend * Rosh HaYeshiva * Rishi * Saoshyant * Sadhu * Sadhvi * Sardar * Sardarni * Tirthankar * Vardapet * Yogi * Yogini


Honorary titles

* Mahatma * Oknha * Pandit * Sant * Sheikh * Swami * Ustad


Rulers

* Chancellor (from which come Lord Chancellor and Vice-Chancellor) * "Dear Leader" and "Supreme Leader" referred to Kim Jong-il as chief of North Korea. The title now refers to his son and successor Kim Jong-un. (, ) * Elder *
Emir Emir (; ' (), also Romanization of Arabic, transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic language, Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocratic, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person po ...
/Emira – Arabic Prince/Princess * Eze * Maharajah * Rajah * Rai * Babu * Dato * Mwami * Nizam * Oba * Obi * Sultan/ Sultana (title) – Arabic for 'powerful ruler' * Chief – origin of Chief of Staff, Chieftain, Clan Chief, Hereditary Chief, and War Chief. The present head of Samoa is titled a Paramount Chief * Vizier and Grand Vizier * Stadtholder


Historical titles for heads of state

The following are no longer officially in use, though some may be claimed by former regnal dynasties.


=Appointed

= * Caesar (an honorific family name passed through Roman emperors by adoption) * Legate * Satrap * Tetrarch


=Elected or popularly declared

= * Archon *Augustus (title) * Caudillo * Consul * Decemvir * Doge * Duce * Führer * Imperator * Lord Protector * Roman dictator * Triumvir


=Hereditary

= * Basileus * Caliph * Khagan * Khan * King-Emperor (the feminine equivalent is Queen-Empress) * Malik * Maharajah * Rajah * Rai * Mikado * Mirza * Nawab * Negus * Patil * Pharaoh * Regina (the masculine form is Rex) * Saopha * Sapa Inca *
Shah Shāh (; ) is a royal title meaning "king" in the Persian language.Yarshater, Ehsa, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII, no. 1 (1989) Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Per ...
* Tsar When a difference exists below, male titles are placed to the left and female titles are placed to the right of the slash. * Africa ** AlmamyFulani people of west Africa ** AsanteheneAshanti, title of the King of the Ashanti People in Ghana ** EzeIgbo people of Nigeria ** KabakaBaganda people of Buganda in Uganda ** Mwami – Kings of
Rwanda Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by ...
and Burundi ** Negus
Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...
** ObaYoruba people of Nigeria ** OmukamaBunyoro, title of some Emperors/kings in Uganda ** Pharaoh – ancient Egypt * Asia ** Arasan/ ArasiTamil Nadu (India),
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...
** Arqa/Thagavor – King of Armenia ** Bayin – The title given to the king of pre colonial Burma ** Maharajah/ Rajah/ Rai/ Chakarwarti Raja –
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...
** Chogyal – 'Divine Ruler – ruled Sikkim until 1975 ** Datu – pre-colonial Philippines ** Druk Gyalpo – hereditary title given to the king of
Bhutan Bhutan, officially the Kingdom of Bhutan, is a landlocked country in South Asia, in the Eastern Himalayas between China to the north and northwest and India to the south and southeast. With a population of over 727,145 and a territory of , ...
** Engku or UngkuMalaysia, to denote particular family lineage akin to royalty *** Hari – Filipino title for king ** Huángdì – Imperial China (Emperor) *** Hwangje – Self-styled Korean "emperor"; states that unified Korea *** Hoang De – Self-styled Vietnamese "emperor"; unified Vietnam ** Maha raja/feminine form is Maharani – Emperor, Empress
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
,
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...
** MeurahAceh before Islam ** Mirza, Persian/Iranian, Indian and Afghanistan and Tajikistan King *** Beg ( Begzada or Begzadi, son-daughter of ''Beg''), Baig or Bey in Under ''Mirza'' and using King or Military title. ** Patil – meaning 'head' or 'chief'; an Indian title. The Patil is in effect the ruler of this territory as he was entitled to the revenues collected therefrom. ** Phrabat Somdej PhrachaoyuhuaKing of Thailand (Siam), the title literally means 'the feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)'. This royal title does not refer directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to traditions. *** Racha – Thailand, same meaning as Raja ***
Raja Raja (; from , IAST ') is a noble or royal Sanskrit title historically used by some Indian subcontinent, Indian rulers and monarchs and highest-ranking nobles. The title was historically used in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. T ...
– pre-colonial Philippines ***
Raja Raja (; from , IAST ') is a noble or royal Sanskrit title historically used by some Indian subcontinent, Indian rulers and monarchs and highest-ranking nobles. The title was historically used in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. T ...
Malaysia, Raja denotes royalty in Perak and certain Selangor royal family lineages, is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess ***
Raja Raja (; from , IAST ') is a noble or royal Sanskrit title historically used by some Indian subcontinent, Indian rulers and monarchs and highest-ranking nobles. The title was historically used in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. T ...
/Rani – Nepal King *** Rani – Nepali Queen ** Patabenda – Sub-king of
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...
** Preah Karuna Preah Bat Sâmdech Preah BâromneathKing of Cambodia Khmer, the title literally means 'The feet of the Greatest Lord who is on the heads (of his subjects)' (referring not directly to the king himself but to his feet, according to tradition) ** Qaghan – Central Asian Tribes ** SaophaShan, king of Shan, today as a part of Myanmar ** Shahinshah or Padshah or Badshah- Persian/
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
ian, 'King of Kings' or Persian rulers in Hindustan(
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
) ***
Shah Shāh (; ) is a royal title meaning "king" in the Persian language.Yarshater, Ehsa, ''Iranian Studies'', vol. XXII, no. 1 (1989) Though chiefly associated with the monarchs of Iran, it was also used to refer to the leaders of numerous Per ...
– Persian/Iranian and Afghanistan and Tajikistan King ** Sheikh – Arabic traditional regional leader, principalities of ( Bahrain, Kuwait,
Qatar Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia. It occupies the Geography of Qatar, Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it shares Qatar–Saudi Arabia border, its sole land b ...
, UAE) ** Sultan/ Sultana – Arabic King (present Oman and former
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
) *** Aceh, Brunei, Java, Oman, Malaysia, Sultan is the title of seven (Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Pahang, Perak, Selangor, and Terengganu) of the nine rulers of the Malay states. ** Susuhanan – the Indonesian princely state of Surakarta until its abolition ** SeyedIslamic World, descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad ** Tennō or Mikado – Japan *** – Japanese military dictator *** Sumeramikoto,
Okimi Ōkimi (, also read as ''Daiō''), or Ame no shita Siroshimesu Ōkimi (, Chi Tenka Daiō), was the title of the head of the Yamato Kingship, or the monarch title of Wakoku (Old Japan).
– Japan, king ** TengkuMalaysia,
Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...
, Tengku (also spelled Tunku in Johor), Negeri Sembilan, Kedah and Deli Sultanate of Indonesia is roughly equivalent to Prince or Princess ** Veyndhan, ko/ ArasiTamil Nadu(India) ** Wang (King) – pre-Imperial China. In
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
, 'king' is the usual translation for the term , . *** Wang – States of Korea that did not have control over the entire peninsula. *** Vuong – States in Vietnam that did not control the entire realm. ** Yang di-Pertuan Agong – Monarch of Malaysia, elected each five years among the reigning Sultan of each Malaysian state * Europe ** Autocrator – Greek term for the Byzantine Emperor ** Basileus – Greek ruler ** Despot, a Byzantine court title, also granted in the states under Byzantine influence, such as the Latin Empire,
Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...
,
Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...
, and the Empire of Trebizond. ** Domn (in Romanian)/Gospodar (in Old Slavonian) – Medieval Romania ( Moldova, Wallachia) ** Fejedelem – Ancient/Medieval Hungarian ** Germanic king ** Großbürger/Großbürgerin (English: Grand Burgher) – historical German title acquired or inherited by persons and family descendants of the ruling class in autonomous German-speaking cities and towns of Central Europe, origin under the Holy Roman Empire, ceased after 1919 along with all titles of German nobility. ** Kaiser/Kaiserin – Imperial rulers of Germany and of Austria-Hungary ** Kniaz'/Knyaginya/Knez/Knjeginja (generally translated as 'prince') – Kievan Rus'/Serbia ** Kunigaikshtis (Kunigaikštis) – Lithuanian, duke as in Grand Duchy of Lithuania. ** , Rí túaithe, Ruiri, Rí ruireach, and Ard Rí – King, local king, regional overking, (provincial) king of overkings, and High King in Gaelic Ireland, also Scotland ** Tsar/Tsarina – the ruler of Imperial Russia ** Tsar/Tsaritsa – Bulgaria, pre-imperial Russia, Serbia ** Vezér – Ancient Hungarian ** Vojvoda (Serbian)/ Vajda (Hungarian) – Serbian/Hungarian/ Romany title ** Župan, sometimes Veliki Župan (Grand Župan) – Serbia, Croatia * Oceania ** Chieftain – Leader of a tribe or clan. ** houeiki, matai, alii, tūlafale, tavana, ariki – usually translated as 'chief' in various Polynesian countries. ** Mo'i – normally translated as King, used by Hawaiian monarchs since unification in 1810. The last person to hold the title was Queen Lili'uokalani. ** ''Tui'' or ''tui'' – there were/are also kings in Oceania (i.e. Samoa, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna, Nauru)


Aristocratic


Historical

* Russian: ** Boyarin ** Dyak ** Knyaz (and Veliky Knyaz) ** Namestnik **
Okolnichy Okolnichy (, ) was an old Russian court official position. According to the ''Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary'', directives on the position of ''okolnichy'' date back to the 14th century. Judging by the Muscovite records from the 16th a ...
** Posadnik ** Voyevoda *German: ** Burggraf **
Graf (; feminine: ) is a historical title of the German nobility and later also of the Russian nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title ...
** Freigraf ** Landgraf ** Markgraf ** Pfalzgraf ** Reichsgraf *Spanish: ** Don ** Hidalgo *Others: ** Augusta (feminine equivalent of Augustus) ** Bitwoded (translates as 'beloved') ** Comes ** Concubine (the Chinese imperial system, for instance, had a vastly complex hierarchy of titled concubines and wives to the emperor) ** Dejazmach (translates as 'Commander of the Gate') ** Fitawrari (translates as 'Leader of the Vanguard') ** Gentleman (used as a title in such forms as Gentleman at Arms, Gentleman of the Bedchamber, and Gentleman Usher. The feminine equivalent is Gentlewoman, or, in some circumstances, Lady.) ** Gerazmach (translates as 'Commander of the Left') ** Kenyazmach (translates as 'Commander of the Right') ** Ras (translates as 'Head') ** Sahib


Other

* Commissioner (from which come First Church Estates Commissioner and High Commissioner) *
Comptroller A comptroller (pronounced either the same as ''controller'' or as ) is a management-level position responsible for supervising the quality of accountancy, accounting and financial reporting of an organization. A financial comptroller is a senior- ...
(from which Comptroller General and Comptroller of the Household) * Courtier * Curator * Doyen * Edohen * Ekegbian * Elerunwon * Forester or Master Forester * Headman * Intendant (and the related Superintendent) * Lamido * Marcher or Lady Marcher * Matriarch or Patriarch * Prior, Lord Prior * Pursuivant * Rangatira * Ranger * Registrar (in a variant spelling in the title Lord Clerk Register) * Seigneur (from which come Monsignor and the French common polite term Monsieur, equivalent to Mister) * Sharif * Shehu * Sheikh *
Sheriff A sheriff is a government official, with varying duties, existing in some countries with historical ties to England where the office originated. There is an analogous, although independently developed, office in Iceland, the , which is common ...
(from which comes High Sheriff) * Subaltern * Subedar * Sysselmann * Timi * Treasurer, Master Treasurer and Secretary Treasurer * Verderer * Warden, Hereditary Warden, Lord Warden * Woodman * Bearer, such as Hereditary Banner Bearer, Standard Bearer, or Swordbearer * Sayyid * Apprentice * Journeyman * Adept * Akhoond * Arhat * Bwana * Goodman and
Goodwife Goodwife ( Scots: ''Guidwife''), usually abbreviated Goody, was a polite form of address for women, formerly used as ''Mrs.'', ''Miss'' and ''Ms.'' are used today. Its male counterpart is Goodman. However, a woman addressed by this title was of ...
* Grand Bard * Mullah * Sri * Baba * Effendi * Giani or Gyani * Guru * Siddha * Pir, Murshid


Historical

* Abuna * Aedile * Ali'i * Aqabe sa'at (translates as Guardian of the Church Hours) * Balambaras (translates as Fortress Commander) * Bán * Baig * Bey * Boyar * Castellan * Cellarer * Censor * Centurion * Circuitor * Commissar, often as People's Commissar * Conquistador * * Dey * Dux * Elector * Gauleiter * Guardian * Ichege * Infirmerer * Inquisitor and Grand Inquisitor * Jemadar * Kitchener * Mage * Magister Militum * Majordomo * Maid – archaic title denoting an unmarried woman, such as the character Maid Marian. Should not be confused with the general term for a young domestic worker/housemaid. *
Margrave Margrave was originally the Middle Ages, medieval title for the military commander assigned to maintain the defence of one of the border provinces of the Holy Roman Empire or a monarchy, kingdom. That position became hereditary in certain Feudal ...
* Naib * Officium * Pasha * Palatine (
Ancient Rome In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman people, Roman civilisation from the founding of Rome, founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, collapse of the Western Roman Em ...
, the
Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
,
Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...
(nádor), etc.) * Pontiff and Pontifex Maximus * Praetor *
Prebendary A prebendary is a member of the Catholic Church, Catholic or Anglicanism , Anglican clergy, a form of canon (priest) , canon with a role in the administration of a cathedral or collegiate church. When attending services, prebendaries sit in part ...
* Quaestor * Sacrist * Samurai * '' Shōgun'' * Stadtholder * Steward * Thakore * Voivode * Viceroy (the feminine equivalent is Vicereine)


Post-nominal letters

Members of legislatures often have post-nominal letters expressing their membership. * Member of Congress: MC * Member of Parliament: MP * Member of the European Parliament: MEP * Member of the Scottish Parliament: MSP * Member of the Scottish Youth Parliament: MSYP * Member of the Youth Parliament: MYP * Member of Provincial Parliament: MPP * Member of the National Assembly: MNA * Member of the House of Keys: MHK ** Speaker of the House of Keys: SHK * Member of the Legislative Council: MLC * Member of the Legislative Assembly: MLA * Member of the House of Representatives: Rep. * Member of the House of Assembly: MHA


University degrees

* Associate ** AA – Associate of Arts ** AAS – Associate of Applied Science ** AS – Associate of Science * Bachelor ** BA – Bachelor of Arts ** BArch – Bachelor of Architecture ** BBA – Bachelor of Business Administration ** BSBA – Bachelor of Science of Business Administration ** Bachelor of Biotechnology, BBiotech – Bachelor of Biotechnology ** Bachelor of Dental Surgery, BDS / BChD – Bachelor of Dental Surgery ** BDentTech – Bachelor of Dental Technology ** BDes – Bachelor of Design ** Bachelor of Divinity, BD / BDiv – Bachelor of Divinity ** Bachelor of Education, BEd – Bachelor of Education ** Bachelor of Engineering, BEng – Bachelor of Engineering ** Environmental design, BEnvd – Bachelor of Environmental Design ** Bachelor of Fine Arts, BFA – Bachelor of Fine Arts ** Bachelor of Laws, LLB – Bachelor of Laws ** Bachelor of Mathematics, BMath – Bachelor of Mathematics ** Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery, MB, ChB / MB, BS / BM, BCh / MB, BChir – Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery ** BMus – Bachelor of Music ** BN – Bachelor of Nursing ** Bachelor of Philosophy, BPhil – Bachelor of Philosophy ** Bachelor of Sacred Theology, STB – Bachelor of Sacred Theology ** Bachelor of Science, BSc – Bachelor of Science ** Bachelor of Science in Nursing, BSN – Bachelor of Science in Nursing ** Bachelor of Social Work, BSW – Bachelor of Social Work ** Bachelor of Theology, BTh / ThB – Bachelor of Theology ** Bachelor of Veterinary Science, BVSc – Bachelor of Veterinary Science * Designer [Dz] * Doctor (title), Doctor ** Doctor of Arts, DA – Doctor of Arts ** DBA – Doctor of Business Administration ** Doctor of Divinity, D.D. – Doctor of Divinity ** Doctor of Education, Ed.D. – Doctor of Education ** Engineering Doctorate, EngD or DEng – Doctor of Engineering ** Doctor of Fine Arts, DFA – Doctor of Fine Arts ** Doctor of Musical Arts, DMA – Doctor of Musical Arts ** Doctor of Ministry, D.Min. – Doctor of Ministry ** Doctor of Music, D.Mus. – Doctor of Music ** Doctor of Professional Studies, D.Prof – Doctor of Professional Studies ** Doctor of Public Administration, DPA – Doctor of Public Administration ** Doctor of Science, D.Sc. – Doctor of Science ** Doctor of Jurisprudence, JD – Doctor of Jurisprudence ** LL.D. – Doctor of Laws ** MD – Doctor of Medicine ** DO – Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine ** Doctor of Pharmacy, Pharm.D. – Doctor of Pharmacy ** Doctor of Philosophy, Ph.D. / Doctor of Philosophy, D.Phil. – Doctor of Philosophy ** Doctor of Psychology, PsyD – Doctor of Psychology ** Doctor of Juridical Science, SJD – Doctor of Juridical Science ** Doctor of Theology, Th.D. – Doctor of Theology ** Doctorates within the field of medicine: *** Doctor of Chiropractic, DC *** Doctor of Dental Surgery, DDS – Doctor of Dental Surgery *** Doctor of Dental Medicine, DMD – Doctor of Dental Medicine *** Doctor of Optometry, O.D. *** Doctor of Physical Therapy, DPT *** Doctor of Podiatric Medicine, DPM *** Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, DVM * Master ** Master of Architecture, MArch – Master of Architecture ** Master of Arts, MA – Master of Arts ** Master of Arts, MAL – Master of Liberal Arts ** Master of Business Administration, MBA – Master of Business Administration ** Master of Public Administration, MPA – Master of Public Administration ** Master of Public Service, MPS – Master of Public Service ** Master of Planning, MPl – Master of Planning ** Master in Chemistry, MChem – Master in Chemistry ** MC – Master of Counselling ** Master of Design, M. Des – Master of Design ** Master of Divinity, M.Div. – Master of Divinity ** MDrama – Master of Drama ** Master of Dental Surgery, MDS – Master of Dental Surgery ** Master of Education, MEd – Master of Education ** Master of Educational Technology, MET – Master of Educational Technology ** Master of Engineering, MEng – Master of Engineering ** Master of Fine Arts, MFA – Master of Fine Arts ** Master of Healthcare Administration, MHA – Master of Healthcare Administration ** MHist – Master of History ** Master of Letters, MLitt - Master of Letters ** Master of Law, LL.M. – Master of Law ** Master of Landscape Architecture, MLA – Master of Landscape Architecture ** Master of Mathematics, MMath – Master of Mathematics ** Master of Philosophy, MPhil – Master of Philosophy ** Master of Research, MRes – Master of Research ** Master of Science, MSc – Master of Science ** MScBMC – Master of Biomedical Communications ** Master of Physics, MPhys – Master of Physics ** Master of Pharmacy, MPharm – Master of Pharmacy ** Master of Public Health, MPH – Master of Public Health ** Master of Science in Business Analytics, MSBA - Master of Science in Business Analytics ** Master of Science in Engineering, MSE – Master of Science in Engineering ** Master of Science in Real Estate, MSRE – Master of Science in Real Estate ** MSN – Master of Science in Nursing ** MSW – Master of Social Work ** Magister (degree), Magister – Magister ** Master of Sacred Theology, S.T.M. – Master of Sacred Theology ** Master of Theology, MTh/Th.M. – Master of Theology ** Master of Urban and Regional Planning, MURP – Master of Urban and Regional Planning


See also

* Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy * Corporate title * Ethiopian aristocratic and religious titles * False titles of nobility * Hereditary title * Honorific * Index of religious honorifics and titles * List of titles * Military rank * Nobility * Peerage * Political institutions of Rome * Post-nominal letters * Pre-nominal letters * Royal and noble ranks * Royal and noble styles * Suffix (name) * Style (manner of address) * Title of honor


Notes


References


Bibliography

* ''African Kings'' by Daniel Lainé * ''Keepers of the Kingdom'' by Alastair Bruce, Julian Calder, and Mark Cator * ''Master and Commander'', film directed by Peter Weir


External links

* * * {{Social titles Titles,