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Mirza (noble)
Mirza ( or ; ) is a multi-ethnic name of Persian language, Persian origin. It is used as a surname or prefix to identify patriarchal lineage. It is derived from the term (, ). It is a historical royal and noble title, denoting the rank of a Prince of the Blood, royal prince, Nobleman, high nobleman, distinguished military commander, or a scholar. Specifically, it was used as a title by (and today signifies patriarchal lineage to) the various Persian Empires, the Nogai Horde, Shirvanshahs and Circassians of the European Caucasus, the Mughal dynasty, Mughals / Moguls of the Indian Subcontinent. It was also a title bestowed upon members of the highest aristocracies in Tatars, Tatar states, such as the Khanates of Khanate of Kazan, Kazan and Astrakhan Khanate, Astrakhan. Etymology Mirzadeh The original title or is derived from the Persian term which literally means 'child of the Mīr' or 'child of the ruler'. in turn consists of the Arabic title (English: ''Emir''), meaning 'c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circassian Languages
Circassian (; ), also known as Cherkess ( ), is a subdivision of the Northwest Caucasian language family, spoken by the Circassian people. There are two main variants of the Circassian language, defined by their literary standards, Adyghe (; also known as West Circassian) and Kabardian (; also known as East Circassian). The languages are highly mutually intelligible with one another, but differ to a degree where they would be considered clear-cut dialects. The earliest extant written records of the Circassian language are in the Arabic script, recorded by the Turkish traveller Evliya Çelebi in the 17th century,Papşu, Murat (2006)Çerkes-Adığe yazısının tarihçesi". ''Nart, İki Aylık Düşün ve Kültür Dergisi'', Sayı 51, Eylül-Ekim 2006. although the Greek and Georgian alphabets were adapted for them in ancient and medieval times. There is consensus among the linguistic community about the fact that Adyghe and Kabardian are typologically distinct languages. How ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkic Languages
The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and West Asia. The Turkic languages originated in a region of East Asia spanning from Mongolia to Northwest China, where Proto-Turkic language, Proto-Turkic is thought to have been spoken, from where they Turkic migration, expanded to Central Asia and farther west during the first millennium. They are characterized as a dialect continuum. Turkic languages are spoken by some 200 million people. The Turkic language with the greatest number of speakers is Turkish language, Turkish, spoken mainly in Anatolia and the Balkans; its native speakers account for about 38% of all Turkic speakers, followed by Uzbek language, Uzbek. Characteristic features such as vowel harmony, agglutination, subject-object-verb order, and lack of grammatical gender, are almost universal within the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Mirza Safavi
Ali Mirza Safavi (), also known as Soltan-Ali Safavi () (died 1494), was the penultimate head of the Safavid order. Having grown wary of his political power, Ali Mirza was captured by the Ak Koyunlu and spent several years in captivity in Fars before being released in 1493 by prince Rostam. In the ensuing period he and his men assisted the prince in defeating Baysonqor bin Yaqub. A year later however, in 1494, now perceiving the Safavid order as a threat to his own position, Rostam ordered for the execution of Ali Mirza Safavi. Realizing his inevitable fate, shortly before his death, Ali Mirza Safavi appointed his brother Ismail as his successor. Ismail, in turn, eventually came to establish the Safavid Empire, with the regnal name Ismail I (1501–1524). Biography Ali Mirza Safavi was the eldest son of Shaykh Haydar by his wife Alam-Shah Begum (Halima, Mart ), daughter of Uzun Hasan by Despina Khatun (Theodora Megale Komnene). According to Qasem beg Tabrizi he was born in 1469 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederic Shoberl
Frederic Shoberl (1775–1853), also known as Frederick Schoberl, was an English journalist, editor, translator, writer and illustrator. Shoberl edited ''Forget-Me-Not'', the first literary annual, issued at Christmas "for 1823" and translated ''The Hunchback of Notre-Dame''. Biography Shoberl was born in London in 1775, and educated at the Moravian school at the Fulneck Moravian Settlement in West Yorkshire. From 1809 he began editing Rudolph Ackermann's ''Repository of Arts'' which had just started and was only at its third edition. Ackermann was seen as the populariser of aquatint engraving and his ''Repository of Arts'' was intended to cover "arts, literature, commerce, manufactures, fashions, and politics". At the beginning of February 1814, Shoberl and Henry Colburn founded and became co-proprietors of '' The New Monthly Magazine''. For some time Shoberl was editor, writing many of the articles and reviews and editing Ackermann's magazine. From 27 June 1818 to 27 Nove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qajar Iran
The Guarded Domains of Iran, alternatively the Sublime State of Iran and commonly called Qajar Iran, Qajar Persia or the Qajar Empire, was the Iranian state under the rule of the Qajar dynasty, which was of Turkic peoples, Turkic origin,Cyrus Ghani. ''Iran and the Rise of the Reza Shah: From Qajar Collapse to Pahlavi Power'', I. B. Tauris, 2000, , p. 1William Bayne Fisher. ''Cambridge History of Iran'', Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 344, Dr Parviz Kambin, ''A History of the Iranian Plateau: Rise and Fall of an Empire'', Universe, 2011, p.36online edition specifically from the Qajar (tribe), Qajar tribe, from 1789 to 1925. The Qajar family played a pivotal role in the Unification of Iran (1779–1796), deposing Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last Shah of the Zand dynasty, and re-asserted Iranian sovereignty over large parts of the Caucasus. In 1796, Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar seized Mashhad with ease, putting an end to the Afsharid dynasty. He was formally crowned as Shah after his Batt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirza Ata-Allah Isfahani
Mirza Ata-Allah Isfahani () was a high-ranking Persian statesman in the early Safavid era, who served as the vizier of Azerbaijan, Qarabagh, and Shirvan. Biography A member of the Khuzani family of Isfahan, Ata-Allah is first mentioned in 1524, when he was assigned by the newly-crowned shah Tahmasp I (r. 1524–1576) to transport a royal decree (''farman'') and robe of honour to court of the Shirvanshah Khalilullah II, who ruled Shirvan under Safavid suzerainty. Ata-Allah afterwards served as vizier of Azerbaijan, Qarabagh, and Shirvan. In 1548, he helped the fellow Isfahan-born Mirza Salman Jaberi get enlisted under the service of Tahmasp I. In 1555, Tahmasp moved the capital from Tabriz to Qazvin, but Ata-Allah nevertheless chose to stay in the former capital. In 1558, he accompanied the Ottoman rebel prince Şehzade Bayezid from Yerevan to the royal court in Qazvin. According to the Safavid court historian Iskandar Beg Munshi, Ata-Allah's administrative work was so influent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mirza Shah Hossein
Mirza Kamal al-Din Shah Hossein Isfahani (), better simply known as Mirza Shah Hossein (میرزا شاه حسین), was an Iranian nobleman, who served as the '' vakil'' (vicegerent) and ''vizier'' of the Safavid Empire. He also briefly held the post of commander of the empire's musketeer corps (''tofangchi-aghasi''). Biography A native of Isfahan, Mirza Shah originally served as an architect, but was in 1503 appointed as the personal ''vizier'' of the powerful Qizilbash magnate Durmish Khan Shamlu, who had recently been appointed as the governor of Mirza Shah's native city. Mirza Shah was appointed as vakil and ''vizier'' in 1514 after the Battle of Chaldiran, which had a damaging impact on the health of Safavid king Ismail I, who withdrew from affairs of the state and began heavily drinking. The appointment of Mirza Shah to the ''vakil'' office was because he had after the battle found Ismail's favorite wife who was lost in Azerbaijan. In 1516, Ismail I also appointed Mirza Sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vizier
A vizier (; ; ) is a high-ranking political advisor or Minister (government), minister in the Near East. The Abbasids, Abbasid caliphs gave the title ''wazir'' to a minister formerly called ''katib'' (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the ''dapir'' (official scribe or secretary) of the Sasanian Empire, Sassanian kings. In modern usage, the term has been used for government Minister (government), ministers in much of the Middle East and beyond. Several alternative spellings are used in English, such as ''vizir'', ''wazir'', and ''vezir''. Etymology Vizier may be derived from the Arabic ''wazara'' (), from the Semitic root ''W-Z-R''. The word is mentioned in the Quran, where Aaron is described as the ''wazir'' (helper) of Moses, as well as the word ''wizr'' (burden) which is also derived from the same root. It was later adopted as a title, in the form of ''wazīr āl Muḥammad'' () by the proto-Shi'a leaders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Dynasty
The Ottoman dynasty () consisted of the members of the imperial House of Osman (), also known as the Ottomans (). According to Ottoman tradition, the family originated from the Kayı tribe branch of the Oghuz Turks, under the leadership of Osman I in northwestern Anatolia in the district of Bilecik, Söğüt. The Ottoman dynasty, named after Osman I, ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922. During much of the Empire's history, the sultan was the absolute regent, head of state, and head of government, though much of the power often shifted to other officials such as the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, Grand Vizier. During the First Constitutional Era, First (1876–78) and Second Constitutional Eras (1908–20) of the late Empire, a shift to a constitutional monarchy was enacted, with the Grand Vizier taking on a prime ministerial role as head of government and heading an elected General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire, General Assembly. The imperial family was deposed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Safavid Dynasty
The Safavid dynasty (; , ) was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from Safavid Iran, 1501 to 1736. Their rule is often considered the beginning of History of Iran, modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder empires. The Safavid List of monarchs of Persia, Shah Ismail I established the Twelver denomination of Shia Islam, Shi'a Islam as the Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam, official religion of the Persian Empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safavid order, Safavid Sufi order, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Azerbaijan (Iran), Iranian Azerbaijan region. It was an Iranian dynasty of Kurdish people, Kurdish origin, but during their rule they intermarried with Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman, Georgians, Georgian, Circassians, Circassian, and Pontic Greeks, Pontic GreekAnthony Bryer. "Greeks and Türkmens: The Pontic Exception", ''Dumbarton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aq Qoyunlu
The Aq Qoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (, ; ) was a culturally Persianate society, Persianate,Kaushik Roy, ''Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750'', (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two tribal confederations: Akkoyunlu (White Sheep) (1378–1507) and Qaraoyunlu (Black Sheep). They were Persianate Turkoman Confederations of Anatolia (Asia Minor) and Azerbaijan." Sunni Islam, SunniMichael M. Gunter, ''Historical dictionary of the Kurds'' (2010), p. 29 Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal confederation. Founded in the Diyar Bakr, Diyarbakir region by Qara Yuluk Uthman Beg, they ruled parts of present-day eastern Turkey from 1378 to 1508, and in their last decades also ruled Armenia, Azerbaijan, much of Iran, Iraq, and Oman where the ruler of Kingdom of Ormus, Hormuz recognised Aq Qoyunlu suzerainty. The Aq Qoyunlu empire reached its zenith under Uzun Hasan. History Etymology The name Aq Qoyunlu, literally meaning "those with w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
