This is a chronological index for the start year for motor vehicle brands (up to 1969). For manufacturers that went on to produce many models, it represents the start date of the whole brand; for the others, it usually represents the date of appearance of the main (perhaps only) model that was produced. This also gives an idea of what motor vehicles were appearing on the streets in each country around each date (allowing, too, for imports from other countries). Moreover, by showing which models were contemporary, it gives a first indication of how individual designers were being influenced by each other, and a flavor of the entrepreneurial spirit and dynamics of the pioneering days of motor vehicle manufacture. Within each year, and country of origin, the lists are structured according to the type of vehicle first introduced. These include the following types: steam, electric,

hybrid electric A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that couples a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) with one or more electric engines into a combined propulsion system. The presence of the electric powertrain, which has i ...

, internal-combustion,

touring car Touring car and tourer are both terms for open cars (i.e. cars without a fixed roof). "Touring car" is a style of open car built in the United States which seats four or more people. The style was popular from the early 1900s to the 1930s. The ...

, roadster,

tonneau A tonneau ( or ) is an area of a car, truck, or boat open at the top. It can be for passengers or cargo. When applied to trucks it refers to their ''bed'' (American English) or ''tray'' (British English). Origin of term A tonneau was orig ...

, phaeton,

cyclecar A cyclecar was a type of small, lightweight and inexpensive motorized car manufactured in Europe and the United States between 1910 and the early 1920s. The purpose of cyclecars was to fill a gap in the market between the motorcycle and the c ...

light car The term light car is used in Great Britain since the early part of the 20th century for an automobile less than 1.5 litres engine capacity. In modern car classification this term would be roughly equivalent to a subcompact car. There are numero ...

voiturette A voiturette is a miniature automobile. History ''Voiturette'' was first registered by Léon Bollée in 1895 to name his new motor tricycle. The term became so popular in the early years of the motor industry that it was used by many makers ...

, runabout,

high wheeler A high wheeler is a car which uses large diameter wheels that are similar to those used by horse-drawn vehicles. These cars were produced until about 1915, predominantly in the United States. Design High wheelers were derived from horse-drawn ...

, buggy,

tricar A three-wheeler is a vehicle with three wheels. Some are motorized tricycles, which may be legally classed as motorcycles, while others are tricycles without a motor, some of which are human-powered vehicles and animal-powered vehicles. Ov ...

, motor quadricycle, motor tricycle, motorcycle, coach, bus, fire-engine, truck, tractor, racing car, avant-train.

Veteran era

1852?

Russia. Motorcycle: Alexander Leutner & Co.

1860

Thomas Rickett's steam-powered car was particularly notable in the history of motor vehicle production inasmuch as several examples were made, and it was also advertised. UK. Steam: Rickett

1861

US. Steam: Ware Steam Wagon

1873

The Bollée family played a significant part in the history of motor vehicle manufacture; the father with his steam car, and one of his sons, in 1895, with an internal-combustion engine design. France. Steam bus:

Amédée Bollée Amédée-Ernest Bollée (11 January 1844 – 20 January 1917) was a French bellfounder and inventor who specialized in steam cars. He is notable for developing the earliest known form of the independent suspension. After 1867 he was known ...

1880

Netherlands:

Spyker Spyker or Spijker was a Dutch carriage, automobile and aircraft manufacturer, started in 1880 by blacksmiths Jacobus and Hendrik-Jan Spijker. Originally located in Hilversum, the company relocated to Trompenburg, Amsterdam in 1898. Notable produ ...

: carriages, later internal combustion.

1883

France. Steam:

De Dion-Bouton De Dion-Bouton was a French automobile manufacturer and railcar manufacturer, which operated from 1883 to 1953. The company was founded by the Marquis Jules-Albert de Dion, Georges Bouton, and Bouton's brother-in-law Charles Trépardoux. Ste ...

(later internal-combustion, with a patent in 1889)

1884

France. Internal-combustion: Delamare-Deboutteville

1885

Karl Benz's vehicle was the first true automobile, entirely designed as such, rather than simply being a motorized stage coach or horse carriage. This is why he was granted his patent, and is regarded as its inventor. His wife and sons became the first true motorists, in 1889, when they took the car out for the specific task of paying a family visit. Germany. Internal-combustion: Benz UK. Internal-combustion:

Butler A butler is a person who works in a house serving and is a domestic worker in a large household. In great houses, the household is sometimes divided into departments, with the butler in charge of the dining room, wine cellar, and pantries, pantr ...

US. Electric: Armstrong Electric

1887

UK. Motorcycle: New Imperial

1889

The first Daimler car was a converted carriage, but with innovations that are still adopted today (cushioned engine mountings, fan cooling, finned-radiator water cooling).P. Roberts (1973). ''A Picture History of the Automobile'', Ward Lock Ltd, London, UK. . France. Steam:

Peugeot Peugeot (, , ) is a French automobile brand owned by Stellantis. The family business that preceded the current Peugeot companies was established in 1810, making it the oldest car company in the world. On 20 November 1858, Émile Peugeot applie ...

(later internal-combustion, and the first to be entered in an organised race, albeit for bicycles,

Paris–Brest–Paris Paris–Brest–Paris (PBP) is a long-distance cycling event. It was originally a bicycle race in France from Paris to Brest and back to Paris in 1891. The last time it was run as a race was 1951. The most recent edition of PBP was held on 20 ...

) Germany. Internal-combustion: Daimler (DMG) UK. Internal-combustion: Santler US. Internal-combustion rotary engine:

Adams-Farwell The Adams Company is an American manufacturing concern. It was founded in 1883 and is based in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. Between 1905 and 1912 it produced the Adams-Farwell, a brass era automobile. History The Roberts & Langworthy Iron Wor ...

1890

Panhard and Levassor's design of a front-mounted engine established the layout of the majority of cars since then. France. Internal-combustion:

Panhard-Levassor Panhard was a French motor vehicle manufacturer that began as one of the first makers of automobiles. It was a manufacturer of light tactical and military vehicles. Its final incarnation, now owned by Renault Trucks Defense, was formed ...

1891

US. Steam:

Black Black is a color that results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without chroma, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness.Eva Heller, ''P ...

; steam tractor: Avery; internal-combustion: Buckeye gasoline buggy

1893

France. Electric (and later internal-combustion):

Jeantaud The Jeantaud was a make of France, French automobile manufactured in Paris from 1893 until 1907. It was the brainchild of Charles Jeantaud, a coachbuilder who built his first electric carriage in 1881. Among the vehicles he constructed was the ...

UK. Steam:

Straker-Squire Straker-Squire (also known as Brazil Straker) was a British automobile manufacturer based in Bristol, and later Edmonton, London, Edmonton in North London. The company was formed in 1893 at St Philips Marsh, Bristol, St Philips, Bristol, as Bra ...

(also known as Brazil Straker) US. Internal-combustion: Elmore,

Duryea Duryea may refer to: * Duryea (surname) * Duryea Motor Wagon Company, first American automobile company * Duryea, Pennsylvania, a borough in Luzerne County {{Disambiguation ...

1894

France. Internal-combustion: Audibert & Lavirotte,

Berliet Berliet was a French manufacturer of automobiles, buses, trucks and military vehicles among other vehicles based in Vénissieux, outside of Lyon, France. Founded in 1899, and apart from a five-year period from 1944 to 1949 when it was put into 'a ...

Delahaye Delahaye was a family-owned automobile manufacturing company, founded by Émile Delahaye in 1894 in Tours, France. Manufacturing was moved to Paris following incorporation in 1898 with two marriage-related brothers-in-law, George Morane and Le ...

UK. Electric: Garrard & Blumfield US. Electric: Electrobat

1895

France. Internal-combustion:

Léon Bollée Léon Bollée (1 April 1870 – 16 December 1913) was a French automobile manufacturer and inventor. Life Bollée's family were well known bellfounders and his father, Amédée Bollée (1844–1917), was the major pioneer in the automobile in ...

Corre Corre () is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. Geography The Côney flows southward through the middle of the commune, crosses the village, then flows into the Saône, which fo ...

Rochet-Schneider Rochet-Schneider was a French company, based in Lyons, that produced automobiles between 1894 and 1932. The Rochet-Schneider sales slogan was "strength, simplicity and silence". Like other motorcars of the Brass Era, the cars made by Rochet ...

UK. Internal-combustion:

Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of a knighthood by a head of state (including the pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church, or the country, especially in a military capacity. The concept of a knighthood ...

, Lanchester Austria-Hungary. Internal-combustion: Laurin & Klement (later Škoda) US. Electric: Morris & Salom US. Internal-combustion: De La Vergne

1896

In the UK, the

Locomotives on Highways Act 1896 The Locomotives on Highways Act 1896 ( 59 & 60 Vict. c. 36) removed the strict rules and UK speed limits that were included in the earlier Locomotive Acts which had greatly restricted the adoption of motorised vehicles in the United Kingdom. ...

replaced the hugely restrictive

Locomotive Acts The Locomotive Acts (or Red Flag Acts) were a series of Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom regulating the use of mechanically propelled vehicles on British public highways during the latter part of the 19th century. The first three, the L ...

of 1861, 1865 and 1878 (the so-called ''Red Flag acts'') thereby finally freeing up the automotive industry in the UK (and, incidentally, was also the origin of the celebrations of the first

London to Brighton Veteran Car Run The London to Brighton Veteran Car Run is the world's longest-running motoring event, held on a course between London () and Brighton (), England. To qualify, participating cars must have been built before 1905. It is also the world's largest ...

). Knight had been convicted under the old act, the previous year, for not having a man precede his vehicle with a red flag, and Walter Arnold was the first person to be convicted, in January 1896, for exceeding the speed limit. Meanwhile, Serpollet was issued with what was effectively the first driving licence. France. Steam:

Gardner-Serpollet Gardner-Serpollet was a French manufacturer of steam car, steam-powered cars in the early 20th century. Léon Serpollet is credited with inventing and perfecting the flash boiler in the late 1800s.Clément-Gladiator, Dalifol,

Darracq STD Motors, formerly Darracq & Company, was a French manufacturer of motor vehicles and aero engines based in Suresnes near Paris. The French enterprise, known at first as A. Darracq et Cie, was founded in 1896 by Alexandre Darracq after he so ...

Lorraine-Dietrich Lorraine-Dietrich was a French language, French automobile and aircraft engine manufacturer from 1896 until 1935, created when railway locomotive manufacturer ''Société Lorraine des Anciens Etablissements de Dietrich et Cie de Lunéville'' (k ...

, Triouleyre; voiturette: Dalifol & Thomas, Goujon,

; motorcycle: Clément and Gladiator Italy. Internal-combustion: Enrico Bernardi Russia. Internal-combustion: Yakovlev-Frese UK. Steam: Leyland; internal-combustion: Anglo-French, Arnold,

Arrol-Johnston Arrol-Johnston (later known as Arrol-Aster) was an early Scottish manufacturer of automobiles, which operated from 1895 to 1931 and produced the first automobile manufactured in Britain. The company also developed the world's first "off-road" ve ...

, Atkinson and Philipson; motorcycle:

Excelsior Excelsior may refer to: Arts and entertainment Literature and poetry * "Excelsior" (Longfellow), an 1841 poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow * "Excelsior", an 1877 picture book in verse by Bret Harte, published as an advertisement for the Sa ...

, motor tricycle:

Ariel Ariel may refer to: Film and television *Ariel Award, a Mexican Academy of Film award * ''Ariel'' (film), a 1988 Finnish film by Aki Kaurismäki *, a Russian film directed by Yevgeni Kotov * ''ARIEL Visual'' and ''ARIEL Deluxe'', a 1989 and 1991 ...

US. Internal-combustion: Altham,

, Electric & internal-combustion:

Brewster Brewster may refer to: People *Brewster (surname) *Brewster Kahle (born 1960), American computer technologist * Brewster H. Shaw (born 1945), American astronaut * Grace Brewster Hopper (born 1906), American computer scientist, mathematician, and ...

, Haynes-Apperson

1897

Australia: Australis France. Steam: Montier & Gillet; electric: Krieger; internal-combustion: Grivel, Juzan,

Société Parisienne Société Parisienne (''Maison Parisienne'') was a French manufacturer of velocipedes, bicycles and tricycles from 1876. They began limited automobile construction in 1894 and regular light car (voiturette) construction in 1898 or 1899, and they ...

Mors Mors may refer to: *Mors (mythology), the personification of death in Roman mythology *Mors, Latin for death *Mors (automobile), a French car manufacturer from 1895 to 1925 :* American Mors, Mors vehicles produced under licence in America by the S ...

; voiturette:

Decauville Decauville () was a manufacturing company which was founded by Paul Decauville (1846–1922), a French pioneer in industrial railways. Decauville's major innovation was the use of ready-made sections of light, narrow-gauge track fastened to st ...

Richard Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' and ''*hardu-'' 'strong, brave, hardy', and it therefore means 'st ...

; avant-train: Amiot UK. Steam: Toward & Philipson; Electric: Bushbury Electric, Neale; electric phaeton: Electric Motive Power; internal-combustion: Belsize; bus: Thomas Harrington US. Electric:

Pope The pope is the bishop of Rome and the Head of the Church#Catholic Church, visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. He is also known as the supreme pontiff, Roman pontiff, or sovereign pontiff. From the 8th century until 1870, the po ...

; Internal-combustion: Autocar,

Oldsmobile Oldsmobile (formally the Oldsmobile Division of General Motors) was a brand of American automobiles, produced for most of its existence by General Motors. Originally established as "Olds Motor Vehicle Company" by Ransom E. Olds in 1897, it produc ...

Plass The Plass was an American vehicle manufactured in 1895 by Reuben H Plass. Background Reuben Hopkins Plass was born in Hudson, New York around the year 1840. At the beginning of the Civil War on 26 April 1861, he was a Lieutenant in Company A o ...

, Winton Austria-Hungary. Internal-combustion:

Präsident The Präsident was an automobile manufactured by the (Nesselsdorf or NW), since 1919 Tatra, in 1897. It was the first practical, factory-produced petrol engine automobile built in Central and Eastern Europe ( Siegfried Marcus's earlier cars wer ...

( Tatra)

1898

Belgium. Internal-combustion:

Delecroix The Delecroix was a Belgian automobile A car, or an automobile, is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of cars state that they run primarily on roads, Car seat, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport pri ...

Métallurgique Métallurgique were cars made by ''S.A. (corporation), Société Anonyme L'Auto Métallurgique'', Marchienne-au-Pont, Belgium, between 1898 and 1928. Before making cars, the company had made railway locomotives and rolling stock. Production T ...

France. Internal-combustion: Ailloud, Astresse,

Auge In Greek mythology, Auge (; ; Modern Greek: "av-YEE"), was the daughter of Aleus the king of Tegea in Arcadia, and the virgin priestess of Athena Alea. She was also the mother of the hero Telephus by Heracles. Auge had sex with Heracles (ei ...

, David & Bourgeois,

De Dietrich The history of the de Dietrich family has been linked to that of France and of Europe for over three centuries. To this day, the company that bears the family name continues to play a major role in the economic life of Alsace. De Dietrich is a h ...

, Lufbery,

Poron Poron Absorba S.A. of Troyes, was a French textile and garment company founded in 1816 as Établissements Poron. Its head office was located at 33 avenue des Martyrs-de-la-Résistance and its main factory on rue Suchetet at Vendeuvre-sur-Barse. ...

Tourey The Tourey was a French automobile A car, or an automobile, is a motor vehicle with wheels. Most definitions of cars state that they run primarily on roads, Car seat, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport priva ...

; voiturette:

Le Blon The Le Blon was a French automobile manufactured in Paris by ''Le Blon Frères'' (Le Blon Brothers) in 1898 or from 1898 to 1900. It was a voiturette similar to the Benz, with a 4 hp 'V' twin-cylinder engine and belt drive to the rear axle. ...

, De Riancey; trucks and tractors:

Latil Automobiles Industriels Latil, commonly known as Latil, was a French manufacturer of commercial and military vehicles created to manage the assets of the defunct Compagnie Française d'Mecánique et d'Automobiles, to market Georges Latil's , an ...

; avant-train: Ponsard-Ansaloni Germany. Electric: Kühlstein; internal-combustion: AWE,

Wartburg The Wartburg () is a castle originally built in the Middle Ages. It is situated on a precipice of to the southwest of and overlooking the town of Eisenach, in the state of Thuringia, Germany. It was the home of St. Elisabeth of Hungary, the ...

Italy. Internal-combustion:

Ceirano GB & C Ceirano GB & C was a historic automobile company, founded in October 1888 by Giovanni Battista Ceirano, Emanuele di Bricherasio, Attilio Calligaris, Pietro Fenoglio and Cesare Goria Gatti. The new company was based in Turin, where it began to b ...

; motor tricycle/quadricycle: Prinetti & Stucchi UK. Electric: Oppermann; internal-combustion: Alldays & Onions, Grose, James and Browne, Madelvic,

Star A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma (physics), plasma held together by Self-gravitation, self-gravity. The List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs, nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye at night sk ...

; tricar:

Humber The Humber is a large tidal estuary on the east coast of Northern England. It is formed at Trent Falls, Faxfleet, by the confluence of the tidal rivers River Ouse, Yorkshire, Ouse and River Trent, Trent. From there to the North Sea, it forms ...

; motor tricycle/quadricycle:

Arsenal An arsenal is a place where arms and ammunition are made, maintained and repaired, stored, or issued, in any combination, whether privately or publicly owned. Arsenal and armoury (British English) or armory (American English) are mostly ...

, Eadie, Leuchters; motorcycle:

Swift Swift or SWIFT most commonly refers to: * SWIFT, an international organization facilitating transactions between banks ** SWIFT code * Swift (programming language) * Swift (bird), a family of birds It may also refer to: Organizations * SWIF ...

, US. Steam: American Waltham; electric: Riker; internal-combustion: Rutenber,

St. Louis St. Louis ( , sometimes referred to as St. Louis City, Saint Louis or STL) is an independent city in the U.S. state of Missouri. It lies near the confluence of the Mississippi and the Missouri rivers. In 2020, the city proper had a populatio ...

; buggy: Stearns

1899

Belgium. Voiturette: Vivinus France. Electric: Bouquet, Garcin & Schivre, Monnard; internal-combustion: Allard-Latour, Esculape,

La Lorraine La Lorraine was a French automobile manufactured in Bar-le-Duc, Meuse by Charles Schmid from 1899 until 1902. A ''vis-à-vis Vis-à-vis may refer to: * Vis-à-vis, a French expression in English, literally "face to face (with)", meaning in compa ...

Luc Court The was a French Car, automobile manufactured in Lyon from 1899 until 1936. Early models had a distinctive "demountable chassis". Designed by one Lacoin, the front part of the chassis could be removed from the Coachwork, bodywork and rear wheel ...

Marot-Gardon Marot-Gardon was a French automobile manufacturer, between 1899 and 1904. The company, based in Corbie, began with the manufacture of racing tricycles, but by 1900 had progressed to the construction of a 4½ cv "miniature carriage". Vehicles In ...

Raouval The Raouval was a French automobile manufactured in Anzin from 1899 until 1902. Similar in design to Léon Lefèvbre's Pygmée, its power unit was an 8 hp twin of 2851 cc. References David Burgess Wise, ''The New Illustrated Encyclopedia o ...

Renault Renault S.A., commonly referred to as Groupe Renault ( , , , also known as the Renault Group in English), is a French Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company curr ...

(including the first saloon car),

Turcat-Méry Turcat-Méry was a French motor manufacturer from 1899 until 1928. It is now celebrated as the marque that won the inaugural Monte Carlo Rally, but in its prime it was also known for Grand Prix racing and for producing ''The Car of the Connoisseur ...

; light car: Naptholette; voiturette: Andre Py,

Cochotte The Cochotte was a French automobile manufactured only in 1899. An untidy-looking voiturette, it was powered by an exposed water-cooled engine An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical e ...

, Populaire, Rouxel; alcohol fuelled: L'Alkolumine Germany. Internal-combustion:

Opel Opel Automobile GmbH (), usually shortened to Opel, is a German automobile manufacturer which has been a subsidiary of Stellantis since 16 January 2021. It was owned by the American automaker General Motors from 1929 until 2017 and the PSA Gr ...

Italy. Internal-combustion:

Fiat Fiat Automobiles S.p.A., commonly known as simply Fiat ( , ; ), is an Italian automobile manufacturer. It became a part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2014 and, in 2021, became a subsidiary of Stellantis through its Italian division, Stellant ...

Russia. Electric: Kukushka UK. Electric: Joel-Rosenthal; internal-combustion: Accles-Turrell, Geering; voiturette:

Argyll Argyll (; archaically Argyle; , ), sometimes called Argyllshire, is a Shires of Scotland, historic county and registration county of western Scotland. The county ceased to be used for local government purposes in 1975 and most of the area ...

; motor tricycle/quadricycle: Allard,

Anglo-American Anglo-American can refer to: * the Anglosphere (the Anglo-American world) * Anglo-American, something of, from, or related to Anglo-America ** the Anglo-Americans demographic group in Anglo-America * Anglo American plc Anglo American plc is a ...

; motorcycle: Coventry-Eagle,

OK-Supreme OK-Supreme was a British motorcycle manufacturer from 1899 to 1939 located in Birmingham. Grass-track racing versions of the machines continued to be available until 1946. History In 1882 Ernie Humphries and Charles Dawes founded "OK" as bicycl ...

Quadrant Quadrant may refer to: Companies * Quadrant Cycle Company, 1899 manufacturers in Britain of the Quadrant motorcar * Quadrant (motorcycles), one of the earliest British motorcycle manufacturers, established in Birmingham in 1901 * Quadrant Privat ...

Royal Enfield Royal Enfield is an Indian motorcycle manufacturer, headquartered and manufactured in Chennai, India. Royal Enfield (England), Royal Enfield is the oldest motorcycle manufacturer in continuous production.Century A century is a period of 100 years or 10 decades. Centuries are numbered ordinally in English and many other languages. The word ''century'' comes from the Latin ''centum'', meaning ''one hundred''. ''Century'' is sometimes abbreviated as c. ...

Grout Grout is a dense substance that flows like a liquid yet hardens upon application, often used to fill gaps or to function as reinforcement in existing structures. Grout is generally a mixture of water, cement, and sand, and is frequently employe ...

Kensington Kensington is an area of London in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, around west of Central London. The district's commercial heart is Kensington High Street, running on an east–west axis. The north-east is taken up by Kensingt ...

, Keystone, Kidder, Leach,

Liquid Air Liquid Air was the marque of an automobile planned by Liquid Air Power and Automobile Co. of Boston and New York City in 1899. page 1432 A factory location was acquired in Boston, Massachusetts in 1899 and Liquid Air claimed they would constr ...

, Locomobile, Mobile (pre Stanley Steamer), Strathmore, Victor Steam, Waltham Steam; electric: American Electric,

Baker A baker is a tradesperson who baking, bakes and sometimes Sales, sells breads and other products made of flour by using an oven or other concentrated heat source. The place where a baker works is called a bakery. History Ancient histo ...

, Columbia (taxi), Electric Vehicle, Quinby, Stearns, US Automobile,

Van Wagoner The Van Wagoner was an American electric automobile manufactured between 1899 and 1903 in Syracuse, New York Syracuse ( ) is a City (New York), city in and the county seat of Onondaga County, New York, United States. With a population of 1 ...

, Woods; internal-combustion:

American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, p ...

, Bramwell-Robinson,

Buick Buick () is a division (business), division of the Automotive industry in the United States, American automobile manufacturer General Motors (GM). Started by automotive pioneer David Dunbar Buick in 1899, it was among the first American automobil ...

, Gasmobile, Gurley,

Holyoke Holyoke is a city in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States, that lies between the western bank of the Connecticut River and the Mount Tom Range. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the city had a population of 38,247. Loca ...

International International is an adjective (also used as a noun) meaning "between nations". International may also refer to: Music Albums * ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * ''International'' (New Order album), 2002 * ''International'' (The T ...

Media Media may refer to: Communication * Means of communication, tools and channels used to deliver information or data ** Advertising media, various media, content, buying and placement for advertising ** Interactive media, media that is inter ...

, Oakman-Hertel,

Packard Packard (formerly the Packard Motor Car Company) was an American luxury automobile company located in Detroit, Michigan. The first Packard automobiles were produced in 1899, and the last Packards were built in South Bend, Indiana, in 1958. One ...

(Ohio),

Quick Quick, as an adjective, refers to something moving with high speed. Quick may also refer to: In business * Quick (restaurant), a Belgian fast-food restaurant chain * Quick (sportswear), a Dutch manufacturer of sportswear * Quick (automobile), a ...

, Sintz

1900

Australia. Tarrant Belgium. Hybrid:

Pieper Anciens Etablissements Pieper was a Belgian arms manufacturer established under the name Henri Pieper in Herstal, Belgium in 1884 (some sources, 1866), by Henri Pieper. In 1898, it was renamed to Nicolas Pieper, and it became the Anciens Etab ...

; internal-combustion: Nagant,

Pipe Pipe(s), PIPE(S) or piping may refer to: Objects * Pipe (fluid conveyance), a hollow cylinder following certain dimension rules ** Piping, the use of pipes in industry * Smoking pipe ** Tobacco pipe * Half-pipe and quarter pipe, semi-circular ...

; voiturette:

Antoine Antoine is a French language, French given name (from the Latin ''Antonius'' meaning 'highly praise-worthy') that is a variant of Danton (name), Danton, Titouan, D'Anton and Antonin. The name is most common in France, Switzerland, Belgium, Canada ...

Canada. Electric: Canadian Motor France. Internal-combustion: Ader, Ardent,

Chenard-Walcker Chenard-Walcker, also known as Chenard & Walcker, was a French automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturer from 1898 to 1946. Chenard-Walcker then designed and manufactured trucks marketed via Peugeot sales channels until the 1970s. The facto ...

, Maillard,

Nanceene The Nanceene was a French automobile manufactured from 1900 until around 1903. The company built cars and trucks similar to the Gobron-Brillié. References

* Nanceene truck : https://cnum.cnam.fr/pgi/fpage.php?4KY28.58/13/70/532/5/420 * Lar ...

Otto Otto is a masculine German given name and a surname. It originates as an Old High German short form (variants '' Audo'', '' Odo'', '' Udo'') of Germanic names beginning in ''aud-'', an element meaning "wealth, prosperity". The name is recorded fr ...

; voiturette:

Chainless The Chainless was a French automobile manufactured from 1900 to 1903 in Paris by SA des Voitures Légère Chainless. The cars used Abeille or Buchet engines of 10, 16, and 20 cv, were shaft-driven voiturette A voiturette is a miniature ...

Soncin Soncin was a French automobile constructed by Louis Soncin and manufactured between 1900 and 1902. A two-seat 4½ hp voiturette, it was the forerunner of the Automobiles Grégoire, Grégoire. A Soncin raced by Henri François Béconnais set the ...

; motorcycle:

Buchet Buchet () was a French motorcycle and automobile manufacturer between 1899 and 1930. Origins Société Buchet was founded in 1888 at Levallois-Perret as a producer of lamps. In 1899 Élie-Victor Buchet began to manufacture engines for auto-mak ...

, Castoldi Germany. Internal-combustion: Adler,

Albion Albion is an alternative name for Great Britain. The oldest attestation of the toponym comes from the Greek language. It is sometimes used poetically and generally to refer to the island, but is less common than "Britain" today. The name for Scot ...

; voiturette:

AGG Agg or AGG may refer to: As an acronym: * Anti-Grain Geometry, computer graphics rendering library * Aesthetic group gymnastics, gymnastics in a group * Abnormal grain growth, materials science phenomenon * Arctic Gateway Group, owner-operators of ...

; motorcycle (later trucks): Phänomen Italy. Internal-combustion:

Isotta Fraschini Isotta Fraschini () is an Italian luxury car manufacturer, also producing trucks, as well as engines for marine and aviation use. Founded in Milan, Italy, in 1900 by Cesare Isotta and the brothers Vincenzo, Antonio, and Oreste Fraschini, in 195 ...

UK. Internal-combustion: Hewinson-Bell, Napier, Smith & Dowse; voiturette:

Billings-Burns The Billings-Burns was an English automobile built only in 1900 in Coventry. This voiturette designed by E. D. Billings was powered by a hp De Dion single-cylinder engine mounted in the open at the front of the car. The Burns part of the n ...

; motorcycle:

Rex-Acme Rex, Rex Motorcycles, Rex-Acme, (not to be confused with the German manufacturer of similar name) was a car and motorcycle company which began in Birmingham, England in 1900. Rex soon merged with a Coventry maker of bicycles and cars named Alla ...

US. Steam: Tractobile, Kent's Pacemaker, Porter Stanhope,

Skene Skene may refer to: * Skene, Aberdeenshire, a community in North East Scotland, United Kingdom * Skene, Mississippi, an unincorporated community in Mississippi, United States * Skene, Sweden, a village now part of Kinna, Sweden * Skene (automobil ...

, Steamobile; electric: Hewitt-Lindstrom,

National National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, c ...

; internal-combustion: Auburn,

Canda Canda is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Rovigo in the Italian region Veneto, located about 80 km southwest of Venice and about west of Rovigo. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 958 and an area of .All demographi ...

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

Eureka Eureka often refers to: * Eureka (word), a famous exclamation attributed to Archimedes * Eureka effect, the sudden, unexpected realization of the solution to a problem Eureka or Ureka may also refer to: History * Eureka Rebellion, an 1854 g ...

, Holley, Keystone, Knox, Lozier, Peerless, Rambler,

Stearns-Knight Stearns-Knight was an American manufacturer of luxury cars in Cleveland, Ohio, from 1911 until 1929. It was founded as B. Stearns and Company, later known as F. B. Stearns Company, and marketed under the brand names Stearns from 1900 to 1911. ...

; tractor:

Samson SAMSON (Software for Adaptive Modeling and Simulation Of Nanosystems) is a computer software platform for molecular design being developed bOneAngstromand previously by the NANO-D group at the French Institute for Research in Computer Science an ...

; truck:

Detroit Detroit ( , ) is the List of municipalities in Michigan, most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is situated on the bank of the Detroit River across from Windsor, Ontario. It had a population of 639,111 at the 2020 United State ...

1901

Canada. Light car:

Queen Queen most commonly refers to: * Queen regnant, a female monarch of a kingdom * Queen consort, the wife of a reigning king * Queen (band), a British rock band Queen or QUEEN may also refer to: Monarchy * Queen dowager, the widow of a king * Q ...

France. Internal-combustion: Charron,

Corre La Licorne Corre La Licorne was a French car maker founded 1901 in Levallois-Perret, at the north-western edge of central Paris, by Jean-Marie Corre. Cars were produced until 1947. The names The first cars were named Corre, but racing successes by a driv ...

; voiturette:

L'Ardennais This is a chronological index for the start year for motor vehicle brands (up to 1969). For manufacturers that went on to produce many models, it represents the start date of the whole brand; for the others, it usually represents the date of appea ...

, Guerraz, Henry-Dubray,

Korn et Latil Korn et Latil was a French automobile manufacturer established in 1898 at Marsaille. In 1909, after moving to Levallois-Perret being reincorporated and later bankrupt, it was succeeded by Latil. History In 1897, Auguste Joseph Frederic Georges ...

Malliary The Maillary was a French automobile manufactured only in 1901. A 6 cv shaft-drive voiturette, it was built in Puteaux Puteaux () is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located in the heart of the Hauts-de-Seine department ...

; light car: De Boisse Germany. Internal-combustion:

Horch Horch () was a German car manufacturer, which traced its roots to several companies founded in the late 19th and early 20th century by August Horch. It is one of the predecessors of the present day Audi company, which itself resulted from the ...

Stoewer Stoewer was a German automobile manufacturer before World War II whose headquarters were in Stettin (now Szczecin, Poland). History The first company was founded by the Stoewer brothers, Emil (lived 1873 – 1942) and Bernhard (1875 – 1937) i ...

; motorcycle: NSU UK. Electric: Electromobile; internal-combustion:

Asquith Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith (12 September 1852 – 15 February 1928) was a British statesman and Liberal Party (UK), Liberal politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1908 to 1916. He was the last ...

, Imperial, John O'Gaunt,

Sunbeam A sunbeam, in meteorological optics, is a lightbeam, beam of sunlight that appears to radiate from the position of the Sun. Shining through openings in clouds or between other objects such as mountains and buildings, these beams of light scatter ...

, paraffin fuelled: Ralph Lucas; cyclecar: Campion; light car: Ralph Gilbert; voiturette: Wolseley; motorcycle:

Matchless Matchless is one of the oldest marques of British motorcycles, manufactured in Plumstead, London, between 1899 and 1966. A wide range of models were produced under the Matchless name, ranging from small two-strokes to 750 cc Four-stroke cy ...

Singer Singing is the art of creating music with the voice. It is the oldest form of musical expression, and the human voice can be considered the first musical instrument. The definition of singing varies across sources. Some sources define singi ...

US. Steam: Aultman,

Binney & Burnham The Binney & Burnham was an American automobile built in Boston from 1901 to 1902 by James L. Binney and John Appleton Burnham. It was a twin-cylinder steam car A steam car is a car (automobile) propelled by a steam engine. A steam engine is ...

Covert Secrecy is the practice of hiding information from certain individuals or groups who do not have the "need to know", perhaps while sharing it with other individuals. That which is kept hidden is known as the secret. Secrecy is often controver ...

, Desberon, Hidley,

Hudson Hudson may refer to: People * Hudson (given name) * Hudson (surname) * Hudson (footballer, born 1986), Hudson Fernando Tobias de Carvalho, Brazilian football right-back * Hudson (footballer, born 1988), Hudson Rodrigues dos Santos, Brazilian f ...

, Reading Steamer, Stearns,

White White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no chroma). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully (or almost fully) reflect and scatter all the visible wa ...

; internal-combustion: Altman,

Apperson The Apperson was a brand of American automobile manufactured from 1901 to 1926 in Kokomo, Indiana. Company history The company was founded by the brothers Edgar and Elmer Apperson shortly after they left Haynes-Apperson; for a time they co ...

, Buffalo, Buffum, De Dion,

Empire An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outpost (military), outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a hegemony, dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the ...

Marion Marion or MARION may refer to: Arts and entertainment *Marion (band), a British alternative rock group * ''Marion'' (miniseries), a 1974 miniseries * ''Marion'' (1920 film), an Italian silent film * ''Marion'' (2024 film), a UK short People a ...

Pierce-Arrow The Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company was an American Automotive industry, motor vehicle manufacturer based in Buffalo, New York, active from 1901 to 1938. Although best known for its expensive Luxury vehicle, luxury cars, Pierce-Arrow also manuf ...

, Schaum; touring car:

Austin Austin refers to: Common meanings * Austin, Texas, United States, a city * Austin (given name), a list of people and fictional characters * Austin (surname), a list of people and fictional characters * Austin Motor Company, a British car manufac ...

; runabout: Stevens-Duryea; high wheeler: Holsman; motorcycle: Indian

1902

Belgium. Internal-combustion:

Minerva Minerva (; ; ) is the Roman goddess of wisdom, justice, law, victory, and the sponsor of arts, trade, and strategy. She is also a goddess of warfare, though with a focus on strategic warfare, rather than the violence of gods such as Mars. Be ...

France. Internal-combustion: Motobloc, Richard-Brasier Germany. Internal-combustion:

Aachener Fafnir was a German engine and vehicle manufacturer based in Aachen (Prussia). They made a range of cars between 1908 and 1926. The company was founded in 1894 producing needles. With the growth of the bicycle industry, they started to make w ...

AEG The initials AEG are used for or may refer to: Common meanings * AEG (German company) ; AEG) was a German producer of electrical equipment. It was established in 1883 by Emil Rathenau as the ''Deutsche Edison-Gesellschaft für angewandte El ...

, Argus, Beaufort, NAG; motorised tricycle/quadricycle: Cyklon Russia. Electric:

Dux ''Dux'' (, : ''ducēs'') is Latin for "leader" (from the noun ''dux, ducis'', "leader, general") and later for duke and its variant forms (doge, duce, etc.). During the Roman Republic and for the first centuries of the Roman Empire, ''dux'' coul ...

Spain. Internal-combustion: Anglada UK. Steam: Vapomobile; internal-combustion: Abingdon, Armstrong, Karminski, Maudslay,

Rover Rover may refer to: People Name * Constance Rover (1910–2005), English historian * Jolanda de Rover (born 1963), Dutch swimmer * Rover Thomas (c. 1920–1998), Indigenous Australian artist Stage name * Rover (musician), French singer-songw ...

, Vulcan; voiturette: Esculapeus, tricar: Advance; motorcycle: Norton, Triumph US. Steam:

Clipper A clipper was a type of mid-19th-century merchant sailing vessel, designed for speed. The term was also retrospectively applied to the Baltimore clipper, which originated in the late 18th century. Clippers were generally narrow for their len ...

Hoffman Hoffman is a surname of German origin. The original meaning in medieval times was "steward", i.e. one who manages the property of another. In English and other European languages, including Yiddish and Dutch, the name can also be spelled Hoffma ...

Richmond Richmond most often refers to: * Richmond, British Columbia, a city in Canada * Richmond, California, a city in the United States * Richmond, London, a town in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England * Richmond, North Yorkshire, a town ...

Stanley Stanley may refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television * ''Stanley'' (1972 film), an American horror film * ''Stanley'' (1984 film), an Australian comedy * ''Stanley'' (1999 film), an animated short * ''Stanley'' (1956 TV series) ...

; electric:

Studebaker Studebaker was an American wagon and automobile manufacturer based in South Bend, Indiana, with a building at 1600 Broadway, Times Square, Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Founded in 1852 and incorporated in 1868 as the Studebaker Brothers Man ...

; internal-combustion:

Blood Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. Blood is com ...

, Brennan,

Cadillac Cadillac Motor Car Division, or simply Cadillac (), is the luxury vehicle division (business), division of the American automobile manufacturer General Motors (GM). Its major markets are the United States, Canada and China; Cadillac models are ...

Cameron Cameron may refer to: People * Clan Cameron, a Scottish clan * Cameron (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) * Cameron (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) ;Mononym * Cam'ron (born 19 ...

Cannon A cannon is a large-caliber gun classified as a type of artillery, which usually launches a projectile using explosive chemical propellant. Gunpowder ("black powder") was the primary propellant before the invention of smokeless powder during th ...

, Clarkmobile,

Franklin (automobile) The Franklin Automobile Company was an American automobile manufacturer between 1902 and 1934 in Syracuse, New York. Herbert H. Franklin, the founder, began his career in the metal die casting business before establishing his automobile enterpri ...

, Gaeth,

Hammer-Sommer The Hammer-Sommer was an automobile built in Detroit, Michigan by the Hammer-Sommer Auto Carriage Company Ltd. from 1902 to 1904. The Hammer-Sommer came only as a five-seater, detachable tonneau model. The vehicle came equipped with a 12 hp ...

Kirk Kirk is a Scottish and former Northern English word meaning 'church'. The term ''the Kirk'' is often used informally to refer specifically to the Church of Scotland, the Scottish national church that developed from the 16th-century Reformation ...

, Marmon, Reber; runabout:

Glide (automobile) The Glide automobile was an American automobile manufactured by the Bartholomew Company in Peoria Heights, Illinois beginning in 1902. Founded by John B. Bartholomew, the company continued to produce automobiles until 1920, when the company b ...

Smith Smith may refer to: People and fictional characters * Metalsmith, or simply smith, a craftsman fashioning tools or works of art out of various metals * Smith (given name) * Smith (surname), a family name originating in England ** List of people ...

, Standard Steel; touring car: Spaulding; light car: Greenleaf,

Orient The Orient is a term referring to the East in relation to Europe, traditionally comprising anything belonging to the Eastern world. It is the antonym of the term ''Occident'', which refers to the Western world. In English, it is largely a meto ...

; buggy:

, Union; compound expansion: Eisenhuth; truck:

Rapid Rapid(s) or RAPID may refer to: Hydrological features * Rapids, sections of a river with turbulent water flow * Rapid Creek (Iowa River tributary), Iowa, United States * Rapid Creek (South Dakota), United States, namesake of Rapid City Sport ...

1903

Belgium. Internal-combustion:

France. Internal-combustion:

Ariès The Ariès was a French automobile manufactured by La Société des Automobile Ariès in Asnières-sur-Seine. The firm was founded in 1902 by Baron . The decision to end production was taken in 1937. Around 20,000 vehicles were produced in total. ...

Clément-Bayard Clément-Bayard, also known as Bayard-Clément, was a French manufacturer of automobiles, aeroplanes and airships founded in 1903 by entrepreneur Adolphe Clément-Bayard, Gustave Adolphe Clément. Clément obtained consent from the Conseil d'Eta ...

Delaunay-Belleville Automobiles Delaunay-Belleville () was a French luxury automobile manufacturer at Saint-Denis, France, north of Paris. At the beginning of the 20th century they were among the most prestigious cars produced in the world, and perhaps the mos ...

, Hotchkiss, Regal,

Talbot Talbot is a dormant automobile marque introduced in 1902 by British-French company Clément-Talbot. The founders, Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 20th Earl of Shrewsbury and Adolphe Clément-Bayard, reduced their financial interests in their Clément ...

; light car:

Henry Bauchet Henry Bauchet was a French ingénier (1879–1970) and inventor. He was born on 22 April 1879 in Frevent, Pas-de-Calais and died on 19 December 1970 in Lyon. He designed and manufactured the first prototype of modern automobile, called "La Sir� ...

Germany. Internal-combustion bus/truck:

Büssing Büssing AG was a German bus and truck manufacturer, established in 1903 by Heinrich Büssing (1843–1929) in Braunschweig. It quickly evolved to one of the largest European producers, whose utility vehicles with the Brunswick Lion emblem were w ...

UK. Electric: Lems; steam (and internal-combustion): Albany; internal-combustion:

Attila Attila ( or ; ), frequently called Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in early 453. He was also the leader of an empire consisting of Huns, Ostrogoths, Alans, and Gepids, among others, in Central Europe, C ...

, Elswick, Kyma,

Lea-Francis Lea-Francis was a British motor manufacturing company that began by building bicycles. History Richard Henry Lea, R. H. Lea and Graham Francis, G. I. Francis started the business in Coventry in 1895. They branched out into car manufacturing i ...

, Lee Stroyer,

Standard Standard may refer to: Symbols * Colours, standards and guidons, kinds of military signs * Standard (emblem), a type of a large symbol or emblem used for identification Norms, conventions or requirements * Standard (metrology), an object ...

Vauxhall Vauxhall ( , ) is an area of South London, within the London Borough of Lambeth. Named after a medieval manor called Fox Hall, it became well known for the Vauxhall Pleasure Gardens. From the Victorian period until the mid-20th century, Va ...

, Whitlock; avant-train:

Adams Adams may refer to: * For persons, see Adams (surname) Places United States *Adams, California *Adams, California, former name of Corte Madera, California * Adams, Decatur County, Indiana *Adams, Kentucky *Adams, Massachusetts, a New England to ...

; motorcycle:

Chater-Lea Chater-Lea was a British bicycle, car and motorcycle maker with a purpose-built five-storey factory in Banner Street, EC1, in the City of London (now converted into flats) and, from 1928, premises at Letchworth, Hertfordshire. It was founded by ...

, New Hudson,

Wilkinson Sword Wilkinson Sword is a British brand selling razors and other personal care products, currently owned by Edgewell Personal Care. The company was founded as a manufacturer of guns made in Shotley Bridge in County Durham, by Henry Nock in London i ...

US. Steam: Jaxon; internal-combustion: American Chocolate (Walter),

Bates Bates may refer to: Places * Bates, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Bates, Illinois. an unincorporated community in Sangamon County * Bates, Michigan, a community in Grand Traverse County * Bates, New York, a hamlet in the town of Elli ...

, Ford, Lenawee, Marble-Swift, Matheson,

Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provinces and territories of Ca ...

, Wilson; motorcycles:

Harley-Davidson Harley-Davidson, Inc. (H-D, or simply Harley) is an American motorcycle manufacturer headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Founded in 1903, it is one of two major American motorcycle manufacturers to survive the Great Depression along with i ...

, touring car:

Acme Acme is Ancient Greek (ἀκμή; English transliteration: ''akmē'') for "the peak", "zenith" or "prime". It may refer to: Arts, entertainment and games * ''Acme'' (album), an album by the Jon Spencer Blues Explosion * Acme and Septimius, a fic ...

Berg Berg may refer to: People *Berg (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * General Berg (disambiguation) * Berg Ng (born 1960), Hong Kong actor * Berg (footballer, born 1963), Ninimbergue dos Santos Guerra, Brazilian footba ...

Logan Logan may refer to: Places * Mount Logan (disambiguation) Australia * Logan (Queensland electoral district), an electoral district in the Queensland Legislative Assembly * Logan, Victoria, small locality near St. Arnaud * Logan City, local gove ...

Michigan Michigan ( ) is a peninsular U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, Upper Midwestern United States. It shares water and land boundaries with Minnesota to the northwest, Wisconsin to the west, ...

Iroquois The Iroquois ( ), also known as the Five Nations, and later as the Six Nations from 1722 onwards; alternatively referred to by the Endonym and exonym, endonym Haudenosaunee ( ; ) are an Iroquoian languages, Iroquoian-speaking Confederation#Ind ...

Jackson Jackson may refer to: Places Australia * Jackson, Queensland, a town in the Maranoa Region * Jackson North, Queensland, a locality in the Maranoa Region * Jackson South, Queensland, a locality in the Maranoa Region * Jackson oil field in Durham, ...

, Phelps,

Premier Premier is a title for the head of government in central governments, state governments and local governments of some countries. A second in command to a premier is designated as a deputy premier. A premier will normally be a head of govern ...

; roadster: Buckmobile; runabout: Dingfelder, Eldredge, Marr, Mitchell, Overland, Sandusky, Tincher

1904

Canada. Internal-combustion: Russell France. Internal-combustion: Cottin & Desgouttes,

Grégoire Grégoire is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include: Surname / Family name * Alexandre Grégoire (1922–2001), Haitian painter * Antonina Grégoire (1914-1952), Belgian commercial engineer, feminist and communist, ...

; voiturette: Lavie; motor tricycle: La Va Bon Train Germany. Internal-combustion:

Alliance An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or sovereign state, states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not an explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an a ...

, Wenkelmobil Italy. Internal-combustion:

Itala Itala may refer to: * Itala (company), an Italian car manufacturer ** Itala Special, a special custom-built Grand Prix race car * Itala (given name), an Italian given name * Itala, Sicily, a municipality in Sicily * Itala Film, an Italian film com ...

Spain. Internal-combustion:

Hispano-Suiza Hispano-Suiza () is a Spanish automotive company. It was founded in 1904 by Marc Birkigt and as an automobile manufacturer and eventually had several factories in Spain and France that produced luxury cars, aircraft engines, trucks and weapons. ...

UK. Electric: Imperial; internal-combustion: Arbee,

Armstrong Whitworth Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Co Ltd was a major British manufacturing company of the early years of the 20th century. With headquarters in Elswick, Tyne and Wear, Elswick, Newcastle upon Tyne, Armstrong Whitworth built armaments, ships, locomot ...

Ascot Ascot, Ascott or Askot may refer to: Places Australia * Ascot, Queensland, suburb of Brisbane * Ascot, Queensland (Toowoomba Region), a locality * Ascot Park, South Australia, suburb of Adelaide * Ascot (Ballarat), town near Ballarat in Victoria ...

, Calthorpe, Chambers,

Crossley Crossley, based in Manchester, United Kingdom, was a pioneering company in the production of internal combustion engines. Since 1989, it has been part of the Rolls-Royce Power Engineering group. More than 100,000 Crossley oil and gas engin ...

, Croxted,

Iden Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN) is a mobile telecommunications technology, developed by Motorola, which provides its users the benefits of a Trunked radio system, trunked radio and a mobile phone, cellular telephone. It was called ...

, Motor Carrier,

; voiturette:

Achilles In Greek mythology, Achilles ( ) or Achilleus () was a hero of the Trojan War who was known as being the greatest of all the Greek warriors. The central character in Homer's ''Iliad'', he was the son of the Nereids, Nereid Thetis and Peleus, ...

; light car: Gilburt; tricar: Garrard; motorcycle: Phelon & Moore,

Zenith The zenith (, ) is the imaginary point on the celestial sphere directly "above" a particular location. "Above" means in the vertical direction (Vertical and horizontal, plumb line) opposite to the gravity direction at that location (nadir). The z ...

US. Steam: Empire Steamer; electric: Berwick, Marquette; internal-combustion:

, American Mercedes, American Napier, Christie,

Cleveland Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located along the southern shore of Lake Erie, it is situated across the Canada–U.S. maritime border and approximately west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania st ...

, Corbin, Detroit Wheeler, Dolson, Lambert, Luverne,

Maxwell Maxwell may refer to: People * Maxwell (surname), including a list of people and fictional characters with the name ** James Clerk Maxwell, mathematician and physicist * Justice Maxwell (disambiguation) * Maxwell baronets, in the Baronetage of N ...

, Moline, Orlo, Oscar Lear, Pierce-Racine,

Sampson Sampson may refer to: Military * , several Royal Navy ships * , several US Navy ships * Sampson-class destroyer, a World War I US Navy class * Sampson Air Force Base, near Seneca Lake, New York, closed in 1956 * SAMPSON, a multi-function radar ...

, Schacht, Sinclair-Scott (Maryland),

, Studebaker-Garford, Twyford Stanhope; touring car: Brew-Hatcher, S&M Simplex, Crestmobile, Detroit Auto, Frayer-Miller,

Jeffery Jeffery may refer to: * Jeffery (name), including a list of people with the name * Jeffery (automobile), an early American automobile manufacturer * Thomas B. Jeffery Company * Jeffery Boulevard, a major north–south street on the South Side of Ch ...

, Pungs Finch,

Royal Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family or Royalty (disambiguation), royalty Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Ill ...

Thomas Thomas may refer to: People * List of people with given name Thomas * Thomas (name) * Thomas (surname) * Saint Thomas (disambiguation) * Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, and Doctor of the Church * Thomas the A ...

, Upton; runabout:

Courier A courier is a person or organization that delivers a message, package or letter from one place or person to another place or person. Typically, a courier provides their courier service on a commercial contract basis; however, some couriers are ...

, Fredonia,

Northern Northern may refer to the following: Geography * North North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating ...

, Pierce, Pope-Tribune; tractor: Holt

Brass era

1905

France. Internal-combustion:

Brasier Brasier was a French automobile manufacturer, based in the Paris conurbation, and active between 1905 and 1930. The firm began as Richard-Brasier in 1902, and became known as Chaigneau-Brasier in 1926. __TOC__ Origins Charles-Henri Brasier wo ...

Charlon The Charlon was a French automobile manufactured in 1905 and 1906 in Argenteuil, Val-d'Oise. The smallest was a belt-driven voiturette, with a 9 hp engine possibly built under licence from the short-lived Mahout company. Three larger models we ...

Couverchel The Couverchel was a French Car, automobile manufactured from 1905 to 1907. The firm offered cars ranging from 12/16 hp to a 40/50 hp six. The company moved to Boulogne-sur-Seine from Neuilly in 1906, prompting a change in its name to C.V ...

Delage Delage is a French luxury automobile and racecar company founded in 1905 by Louis Delâge in Levallois-Perret near Paris; it was acquired by Delahaye in 1935 and ceased operation in 1953. On 7 November 2019, the association "Les Amis de Dela ...

, Eudelin,

Rolland-Pilain Rolland-Pilain was a French car maker formally established on 4 November 1905 at 95, rue Victor-Hugo in Tours by François Rolland and Émile Pilain. The partners Rolland was already a successful businessman locally who had made a fortune in ...

, Sizaire-Naudin; touring car:

Rebour The Rebour was a French automobile manufactured by Puteaux from 1905 until 1908. The Puteaux company built "luxury touring cars" and cabs; its model range consisted of 10/12 hp, 18/22 hp, 20/25 hp, and 40/50 hp cars. Each was pow ...

; light car: Helbé, Urric; voiturette:

; motorcycle: Herdtle & Bruneau Germany. Steam: Altmann; internal-combustion: Ehrhardt, Hansa, Hexe, Solidor Italy. Internal-combustion:

Diatto Diatto was an Italian manufacturing company founded in 1835 in Turin by Guglielmo Diatto (1804–1864) to make 'carriages for wealthy customers'. In 1874 Guglielmo’s sons, Giovanni and Battista Diatto, began building railway carriages for Comp ...

Zust Zust (originally Züst) was an Italian car manufacturing company operating from 1905 to 1917. The company was founded by engineer Roberto Züst, an Italian industrialist of Swiss origin, who owned a precision tool manufacturing plant at Intra, ...

UK. Electric:

Alexandra Alexandra () is a female given name of Greek origin. It is the first attested form of its variants, including Alexander (, ). Etymology, Etymologically, the name is a compound of the Greek verb (; meaning 'to defend') and (; genitive, GEN , ; ...

, Ekstromer; internal-combustion:

, Edismith,

Riley Riley may refer to: Businesses * Riley (brand), British sporting goods brand founded in 1878 * Riley Motor, British motorcar and bicycle manufacturera 1890–1969 * Riley Technologies, American auto racing constructor and team, founded by Bob ...

Sunbeam-Talbot Sunbeam-Talbot Limited was a British motor manufacturing business. It built upmarket sports-saloon versions under the parenthood of Rootes Group cars from 1938 to 1954. Its predecessor Clément-Talbot, Clément-Talbot Limited had made ''Talbot'' ...

; light car: One of the Best; tricar: Anglian; motorcycle:

Velocette Velocette is a range of motorcycles made by Veloce Ltd, in Hall Green, Birmingham, England. One of several motorcycle manufacturers in Birmingham, Velocette was a small, family-owned firm, selling almost as many hand-built motorcycles during ...

US. Electric:

Rauch and Lang The Rauch & Lang Carriage Company was an American electric automobile manufactured in Cleveland, Ohio, from 1905 to 1920 and Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts, from 1920 to 1932. History The Rauch & Lang Carriage Company was incorporated in 1884 ...

; internal-combustion: Aerocar, Ardsley,

Cartercar Cartercar was an American automotive manufacturing company established in 1905 in Jackson, Michigan, and founded by Byron J. Carter. After several relocations in other cities, Cartercar was acquired by General Motors in 1909. History Beginni ...

, Corwin,

Crown A crown is a traditional form of head adornment, or hat, worn by monarchs as a symbol of their power and dignity. A crown is often, by extension, a symbol of the monarch's government or items endorsed by it. The word itself is used, parti ...

, Harrison,

Haynes Haynes may refer to: People *Haynes (surname) Places Australia * Haynes, Western Australia Canada * Haynes, Alberta United Kingdom *Haynes, Bedfordshire **Haynes Church End United States *Haynes, Arkansas *Haynes, North Dakota *Hayne ...

, Silent Knight, Pullman, Rainier, Selden, Soules,

Stoddard-Dayton Stoddard-Dayton was a high quality car manufactured by Dayton Motor Car Company in Dayton, Ohio, US, between 1905 and 1913. John W. Stoddard and his son Charles G. Stoddard were the principals in the company. History In 1904, John Stoddar ...

; touring car: Detroit-Oxford,

Diamond T The Diamond T Company was an American automobile and truck manufacturer. They produced commercial and military trucks. History The Diamond T Motor Car Company was founded in Chicago in 1905 by C. A. Tilt. Reportedly, the company name was creat ...

, Gas-au-lec, Lambert, REO, USA Daimler; roadster:

Walker Walker or The Walker may refer to: People *Walker (given name) *Walker (surname) *Walker (Brazilian footballer) (born 1982), Brazilian footballer Places In the United States *Walker, Arizona, in Yavapai County *Walker, Mono County, California * ...

Western Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that id ...

; light car:

Bell A bell /ˈbɛl/ () is a directly struck idiophone percussion instrument. Most bells have the shape of a hollow cup that when struck vibrates in a single strong strike tone, with its sides forming an efficient resonator. The strike may be m ...

, buggy:

Deal In cryptography, DEAL (Data Encryption Algorithm with Larger blocks) is a symmetric block cipher derived from the Data Encryption Standard (DES). Its design was presented by Lars Knudsen at the SAC conference in 1997, and submitted as a proposa ...

Hammer A hammer is a tool, most often a hand tool, consisting of a weighted "head" fixed to a long handle that is swung to deliver an impact to a small area of an object. This can be, for example, to drive nail (fastener), nails into wood, to sh ...

; motorcycle: Excelsior-Henderson, Shawmobile 1906 American Simplex Touring Car

1906

Belgium. Internal-combustion: Impéria; hybrid:

Auto-Mixte Auto-Mixte built cars between 1906 and 1912 using a hybrid-technology under license from Pieper, after Henri Pieper died. From 1912 to 1914 the cars were made as Pescatore (automobile), Pescatore, named after the owner. The outbreak of World War I ...

France. Internal-combustion: AM, Ampère,

Antoinette Antoinette is a given name, that is a diminutive feminine form of Antoine and Antonia (from Latin ''Antonius''). People with the name include: Nobles * Antoinette de Maignelais, Baroness of Villequier by marriage (1434–1474), mistress of ...

Lion-Peugeot Lion-Peugeot is a formerly independent French auto-maker. It is the name under which in 1906 Robert Peugeot and his two brothers, independently of the established Peugeot car business, began to produce automobiles at Beaulieu near Valentigney. I ...

Unic Unic was a French manufacturer founded in 1905, and active as an automobile producer until July 1938. After this the company continued to produce commercial vehicles, retaining its independence for a further fourteen years before being purcha ...

; light car:

Doriot, Flandrin & Parant Doriot, Flandrin & Parant (D.F.P.) was a French car maker based in Courbevoie, Seine between 1906 and 1926. Auguste Doriot and Ludovic Flandrin had both worked for Peugeot and then Clément-Bayard before setting up their own car making compan ...

; voiturette and motorcycle:

Alcyon The Alcyon was a French bicycle, automobile and motorcycle manufacturer between 1903 and 1954. Origins Alcyon originated from about 1890 when Edmond Gentil started the manufacture of bicycles in Neuilly, Seine. In 1902, this was complemented ...

Germany. Internal-combustion: AAG Italy. Internal-combustion:

Aquila Italiana Aquila Italiana (founded as the and quickly renamed the ) was an Italian automobile manufacturer from 1906 to 1917. The company was renamed again in 1909 to after it was bought by a state – the Marsaglia part came from the name of the bank own ...

, Fial, Peugeot-Croizat, SCAT,

SPA A spa is a location where mineral-rich spring water (sometimes seawater) is used to give medicinal baths. Spa health treatments are known as balneotherapy. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters and hot springs goes back to pre ...

UK. Internal-combustion: All-British, Ladas,

Marlborough Marlborough or the Marlborough may refer to: Places Australia * Marlborough, Queensland * Principality of Marlborough, a short-lived micronation in 1993 * Marlborough Highway, Tasmania; Malborough was an historic name for the place at the sou ...

Rolls-Royce Rolls-Royce (always hyphenated) may refer to: * Rolls-Royce Limited, a British manufacturer of cars and later aero engines, founded in 1906, now defunct Automobiles * Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, the current car manufacturing company incorporated in ...

; light car: Jowett; tricar: Addison, Armadale; dual-control car:

Academy An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the go ...

; hybrid bus:

Tilling-Stevens Tilling-Stevens was a British manufacturer of buses and other commercial vehicles, based in Maidstone, Kent. Originally established in 1897, it became a specialist in petrol-electric vehicles. It continued as an independent manufacturer until ...

; motorcycle:

Dot A dot is usually a small, round spot. Dot, DoT or DOT may also refer to: Orthography * Full stop or "period", a sentence terminator * Dot (diacritic), a mark above or below a character (e.g. ȧ, ạ, İ, Ċ, ċ, etc.), usually to indicate sou ...

US. Steam: Doble, Ross; electric: Babcock; internal-combustion:

ALCO The American Locomotive Company (often shortened to ALCO, ALCo or Alco) was an American manufacturer that operated from 1901 to 1969, initially specializing in the production of locomotives but later diversifying and fabricating at various time ...

, American Simplex,

Apollo Apollo is one of the Twelve Olympians, Olympian deities in Ancient Greek religion, ancient Greek and Ancient Roman religion, Roman religion and Greek mythology, Greek and Roman mythology. Apollo has been recognized as a god of archery, mu ...

Atlas An atlas is a collection of maps; it is typically a bundle of world map, maps of Earth or of a continent or region of Earth. Advances in astronomy have also resulted in atlases of the celestial sphere or of other planets. Atlases have traditio ...

Bliss BLISS is a system programming language developed at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) by W. A. Wulf, D. B. Russell, and A. N. Habermann around 1970. It was perhaps the best known system language until C debuted a few years later. Since then, C ...

, Car de Luxe, Deere, Dorris,

Dragon A dragon is a Magic (supernatural), magical legendary creature that appears in the folklore of multiple cultures worldwide. Beliefs about dragons vary considerably through regions, but European dragon, dragons in Western cultures since the Hi ...

, Frontenac, Hol-Tan, Jewell,

Kissel Kissel or kisel is a simple dish with the consistency of a thick gel, and made of sweet fruit, berry, grains (oatmeal, rye, wheat), peas, or from milk. It belongs to the group of cold- solidified desserts, although it can be served warm. Etymolo ...

Model A model is an informative representation of an object, person, or system. The term originally denoted the plans of a building in late 16th-century English, and derived via French and Italian ultimately from Latin , . Models can be divided in ...

Moore Moore may refer to: Language * Mooré language, spoken in West Africa People * Moore (surname) ** List of people with surname Moore * Moore Crosthwaite (1907–1989), a British diplomat and ambassador * Moore Disney (1765–1846), a senior ...

(Ball-Bearing Car); touring car:

Heine-Velox Heine-Velox was a large, expensive luxury car made by Gustav Heine. Heine Piano Company was originally Bruenn Piano Company before Heine became owner. All were based in San Francisco. Piano business Gustav Otto Ludolf Heine was born near Bo ...

Moon The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It Orbit of the Moon, orbits around Earth at Lunar distance, an average distance of (; about 30 times Earth diameter, Earth's diameter). The Moon rotation, rotates, with a rotation period (lunar ...

; roadster: Colburn; light car:

Janney Janney may refer to: People * Allison Janney (born 1959), American actress * Christopher Janney (born 1950), American interactive sound and light artist * Craig Janney (born 1967), American retired hockey player * Edward Janney an American musician ...

; high wheeler:

ABC ABC are the first three letters of the Latin script. ABC or abc may also refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Broadcasting * Aliw Broadcasting Corporation, Philippine broadcast company * American Broadcasting Company, a commercial American ...

, McIntyre,

Success Success is the state or condition of meeting a defined range of expectations. It may be viewed as the opposite of failure. The criteria for success depend on context, and may be relative to a particular observer or belief system. One person mi ...

1907

Australia. Caldwell Vale Belgium. Internal-combustion: Springuel Canada. Internal-combustion: McLaughlin France. Internal-combustion:

Ariane Ariane may refer to: *Ariana (name), also Ariane, Arianne Arts * ''Ariane'' (Martinů), an opera by Bohuslav Martinů, first performed 1961 * ''Ariane'' (Massenet), an opera by Jules Massenet, first performed 1906 * ''Ariane'' (film), a 1931 ...

Jean-Bart The was a French Car, automobile manufactured in 1907 only. Successor to the Prosper-Lambert, the company built Drive shaft, shaft-driven cars, single-Cylinder (engine), cylinders of 9 hp and fours of 16 hp and 40 hp. References

...

, Lahaussois, Lutier, Marie de Bagneux, Prod'homme, Sinpar, Sixcyl; voiturette: Couteret,

Obus The ( French for " cannon shell") was a French automobile manufactured from 1907 until 1908. A voiturette, it was produced by A. Souriau of Montoire. References * David Burgess-Wise David Burgess-Wise is a motoring author, enthusiast, and a ...

, La Radieuse; voiturette tricar: Guerry et Bourguignon, Lurquin-Coudert; tricar: Austral,

Mototri Contal The Mototri Contal was a French automobile manufactured from 1907 until 1908. More elaborate than most three-wheelers of its era, it featured Roi-des-Belges ("King of the Belgians") or tulip phaeton was a car body style used on luxury motor vehi ...

; hybrid: AL; amphibious:

Ravailler The Ravailler was a French automobile manufactured only in 1907. Possibly the first successful amphibious car, it was a 20 hp vehicle complete with steel hull, chain drive, and disc wheels with solid tires. References * David Burgess-Wis ...

; racing car: De Bazelaire UK. Internal-combustion: Dalgliesh-Gullane,

Hillman Hillman was a British automobile marque created by the Hillman-Coatalen Company, founded in 1907, renamed the Hillman Motor Car Company in 1910. The company was based in Ryton-on-Dunsmore, near Coventry, England. Before 1907 the company had ...

; truck:

Commer Commer was a British manufacturer of commercial and military vehicles from 1905 until 1979. Commer vehicles included car-derived vans, light vans, medium to heavy commercial trucks, and buses. The company also designed and built some of its own ...

; motorcycle:

Douglas Douglas may refer to: People * Douglas (given name) * Douglas (surname) Animals * Douglas (parrot), macaw that starred as the parrot ''Rosalinda'' in Pippi Longstocking * Douglas the camel, a camel in the Confederate Army in the American Civil ...

US. Electric: American Juvenile Electric,

Detroit Electric The Detroit Electric was an electric car produced by the Anderson Electric Car Company in Detroit, Michigan. The company built 13,000 electric cars from 1907 to 1939. The marque was revived in 2008 by Albert Lam, former Group CEO of the Lotus En ...

; internal-combustion: Allen Kingston, Anderson, Carter Twin-Engine,

Continental Continental may refer to: Places * Continental, Arizona, a small community in Pima County, Arizona, US * Continental, Ohio, a small town in Putnam County, US Arts and entertainment * ''Continental'' (album), an album by Saint Etienne * Continen ...

Corbitt Corbitt is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Claude Corbitt (1915–1978), American baseball player * Don Corbitt (1924–1993), American football player * Gregory Corbitt (born 1971), Australian field hockey player * Helen ...

, Fuller, Griswold,

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...

, Kiblinger,

Oakland Oakland is a city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area in the U.S. state of California. It is the county seat and most populous city in Alameda County, with a population of 440,646 in 2020. A major West Coast port, Oakland is ...

, Regal, Speedwell; high wheeler: Eureka (1907 automobile), Eureka, Hatfield Motor Vehicle Company, Hatfield, Single Center, Staver; roadster: CVI (automobile), CVI; runabout: Albany (1907 automobile), Albany, Colt Runabout, Kermath, Marvel (automobile), Marvel, Nielson (automobile), Nielson Brennabor Typ A1 1908

1908

France. Internal-combustion: Le Pratic, X (French automobile), X; phaeton: Siscart; voiturette: Roussel (automobile), Roussel Germany. Internal-combustion: Allright (automobile), Allright, Brennabor, Fafnir (automobile), Fafnir, Lloyd (car), Lloyd Italy. Internal-combustion: Lancia, Marca-Tre-Spade, Temperino Russia. Internal-combustion: Russo-Balt UK. Internal-combustion: Arno (automobile), Arno, Sheffield-Simplex, Valveless; touring car: Argon (1908 automobile), Argon; light car: Alex (1908 automobile), Alex; motorcycle: Premier Motorcycles, Premier US. Internal-combustion: Bendix (automobile), Bendix, Coates-Goshen, Correja, Cunningham automobile, Cunningham, De Luxe, General Motors, Gyroscope (automobile), Gyroscope, Havers (automobile), Havers, Imperial Automobile Company, Imperial, Paige automobile, Paige, Lincoln Motor Car Works, Sears, Velie; touring car: H. A. Moyer (automobile), Moyer; high wheeler: Cole Motor Car Company, Cole, De Schaum, DeWitt Motor Company, DeWitt, Hobbie Accessible, Michigan (1908 automobile), Michigan; runabout: Simplo; cyclecar: Browniekar; buggy: George W. Davis Motor Car Company, Davis

1909

France. Internal-combustion: Bugatti, Societé Générale des Voitures Automobiles Otto, FL, La Ponette, Le Zèbre Italy. Racing car: Brixia-Zust; motorcycle: Della Ferrera Netherlands. Internal-combustion: Entrop UK. Internal-combustion: Pilot Cars Limited, Pilot US. Internal-combustion: Abbott-Detroit, Anhut Motor Car Company, Anhut, Black Crow (automobile), Black Crow, Crow-Elkhart (automobile company), Crow-Elkhart, Cutting (automobile), Cutting, E-M-F Company, EMF, Everitt, Fuller, GJG, Hupmobile, Inter-State (automobile), Inter-State, Lion (automobile), Lion, Pilot Motor Car Company, Pilot; touring car: Crawford Automobile, Crawford, Fal-Car, Piggins, Standard Six; roadster: Coyote (automobile), Coyote, Hudson Motor Car Company, Hudson, Kauffman Motor Vehicle Company, Kauffman; runabout: Brush Motor Car Company, Brush; small car: Herreshoff (automobile), Herreshoff, Hitchcock (automobile), Hitchcock, K-R-I-T Motor Car Company, KRIT; light car: Courier Car Co, Courier; buggy: Paterson (automobile), Paterson; raceabout: Mercer (automobile), Mercer; racing car: McFarlan Automobile, McFarlan; truck: Chase Motor Truck Company, Chase, Sanford-Herbert Motor Truck Company, Sanford-Herbert CM 104 - PARIS - Carrefour des Bds Montmartre et des Italiens - La station des omnibus

CM 104 - PARIS - Carrefour des Bds Montmartre et des Italiens - La station des omnibus

1910

Canada. Internal-combustion: Gareau France. Internal-combustion: Ageron, Damaizin & Pujos, Margaria, Mathis (cars), Mathis, Plasson; light car: Simplicia (automobile), Simplicia; cyclecar: Bédélia Germany. Internal-combustion: Ansbach (automobile), Ansbach, Apollo (1910 automobile), Apollo, Audi Italy. Internal-combustion: Alfa Romeo, Chiribiri UK. Steam: AMC; internal-combustion: Morgan Motor Company, Morgan, Siddeley-Deasy; cyclecar: GN (car), GN US. Electric: Grinnell (automobile), Grinnell; internal-combustion: Alpena (automobile), Alpena, Cavac, De Mot, Flanders (automobile company), Flanders, Great Eagle (car company), Great Eagle, Kline Kar, Lexington (automobile), Lexington, Maytag-Mason Motor Company, Maytag-Mason, Parry Auto Company, Parry, Spaulding, United States Motor Company, United States; touring car: Carhartt (automobile), Carhartt, Chalmers Automobile, Chalmers, Detroit-Dearborn, Etnyre, Faulkner-Blanchard, Great Southern (automobile), Great Southern; tonneau: Henry (automobile), Henry, Midland Motor Company, Midland; roadster: Ames (automobile), Ames, King-Remick, Penn (automobile), Penn; runabout: Empire (1910 automobile), Empire; cyclecar: Autoette (1910 automobile), Autoette; high wheeler: Anchor Buggy; buggy: Aldo (1910 Automobile), Aldo

1911

Argentina. Anasagasti Canada. Internal-combustion: Clinton (automobile), Clinton France. Cyclecar: Enders (automobile), Enders Germany. Internal-combustion: Excelsior-Mascot, Podeus; rotary valve: Standard (1911 automobile), Standard Italy. Motorcycle: Benelli (motorcycles), Benelli UK. Internal-combustion: Aberdonia (car), Aberdonia, AGR (automobile), AGR, Airedale (automobile), Airedale, GWK (car), GWK, Newton-Bennett, Roper-Corbet; cyclecar: Alvechurch (automobile), Alvechurch, Autotrix, Lambert (cyclecar), Lambert; motorcycle: Beardmore Precision Motorcycles, Beardmore, Coventry-Victor, Levis (motorcycle), Levis, Rudge-Whitworth, Villiers Engineering, Villiers US. Electric: Hupp-Yeats, Century (automobile), Century, Dayton Electric; internal-combustion: America (American automobile), America, Ann Arbor (automobile), Ann Arbor, Chevrolet, Day (automobile), Day, Gaylord (automobile), Gaylord, American (1911 automobile), American Jonz (automobile) (The American), King (automobile), King, Komet (American automobile), Komet, Marathon Motor Works, Marathon, 1911 Overland OctoAuto, Overland OctoAuto, Nyberg Automobile, Nyberg, Pilgrim of Providence, Rayfield (automobile), Rayfield, Stutz Motor Company, Stutz, Virginian (automobile), Virginian, Willys; tractor: International Harvester, Mogul; fire-engine: Ahrens-Fox Fire Engine Company, Ahrens-Fox,

1912

Argentina: Internal-combustion: Anasagasti Canada. Internal-combustion: Amherst (automobile), Amherst France. Electric: Anderson Electric, internal-combustion: Albatros (1912 automobile), Albatros, Alda, Arista (1912 automobile), Arista, Cognet de Seynes, Hédéa, La Roulette, S.C.A.P., SCAP; light car: Luxior, truck: Laffly, avant-train: Ponts-Moteurs, Ponts, Hungary. Internal-combustion: Raba (automobile), Raba Italy. Internal-combustion: Storero Fernand Charron at the 1914 French Grand Prix

Fernand Charron at the 1914 French Grand Prix

Spain. Internal-combustion: Abadal UK. Steam: Sheppee; internal-combustion: ABC Motors, ABC; cyclecar: Adamson (automobile), Adamson, Arden (automobile), Arden, Chota (automobile), Chota, Coventry Premier, Crouch Cars, Crouch, Hampton (car), Hampton, HCE (car), HCE, Tiny (car), Tiny, Tyseley Car Company, Tyseley; motorcycle: NUT Motorcycles, NUT, Sunbeam Cycles, Sunbeam US. Electric: Argo Electric, Buffalo Electric Vehicle Company, Buffalo Electric, Church-Field; internal-combustion: Anna (1912 automobile), Anna, Briggs-Detroiter, Crane & Breed, Pathfinder (1912 automobile), Pathfinder, Standard (1912 automobile), Standard; touring car: Miller (automobile), Miller, Westcott (automobile), Westcott; light-car: Lad's Car, Little (automobile), Little; tricar: American Tri-Car, motorcycle: Cyclone (motorcycle), Cyclone; truck: Brockway Motor Company, Brockway, Palmer-Moore Company, Palmer-Moore

1913

Belgium. Internal-combustion: Alatac France. Internal-combustion: Ajax (1913 automobile), Ajax, Alba (1913 automobile), Alba, Alva (1913 automobile), Alva, Henri Rougier, Rougier; cyclecar: Jouvie Spain. Cyclecar: David (car), David UK. Internal-combustion: Morris Motors, Morris, Perry (car), Perry, Woodrow (automobile), Woodrow, W.W. (automobile), WW; light car: Ace (1913 automobile), Ace, Lucar; cyclecar: Armstrong (cyclecar), Armstrong, Athmac, Baker & Dale, Bantam (car), Bantam, BPD (car), BPD, Britannia (cyclecar), Britannia, Broadway (cyclecar), Broadway, Carlette, Dallison, Dewcar, LAD (car), LAD, Lester Solus, Vee Gee, Warne (car), Warne, Wilbrook, EG Wrigley and Company, Wrigley; motocycle: Montgomery Motorcycles, Montgomery US. Electric: American Electric (1913 automobile), American Electric; internal-combustion: Allen (1913 Ohio automobile), Allen (Ohio), Allen (1913 Philadelphia automobile), Allen (Philadelphia), Chandler Motor Car, Chandler, Flyer (1913 automobile), Flyer, Grant (automobile), Grant, Lyons-Knight, Monarch (automobile), Monarch; cyclecar: Car-Nation, Coey-Mitchell Automobile Company, Coey, Detroit Cyclecar, Downing-Detroit, Dudly Bug, Gadabout (1913-15 automobile), Gadabout, JPL (cyclecar), JPL, Little Detroit Speedster, Little Princess (automobile), Little Princess, Twombly (cyclecar), Twombly; touring car: Keeton; roadster: Saxon (automobile), Saxon, Scripps-Booth; sports car: Duesenberg; motocycle: Bi-Autogo

1914

France. Internal-combustion: Ascot (1914 automobile), Ascot, Donnet, Donnet-Zedel; light car: Nardini (automobile), Nardini Japan. Internal-combustion: Nissan Motor Company, DAT Italy. Maserati UK. Internal-combustion: Trojan (automobile), Trojan, Utopian (automobile), Utopian; light car: Bifort, cyclecar: Bradwell (car), Bradwell, Buckingham (automobile), Buckingham, Carden (cyclecar), Carden, Hill & Stanier, Imperial, Projecta, Simplic; motocycle: ABC motorcycles, ABC US. Electric: Ward (electric automobile company), Ward; internal-combustion: Ajax (1914 automobile), Ajax, American (1914 automobile), American, Benham (automobile), Benham, Dile (automobile), Dile, Keystone (gasoline automobile), Keystone, Light (automobile), Light, Monroe (automobile), Monroe, MPM (automobile), MPM, Partin Manufacturing Company (automobile company), Partin, Willys-Knight; touring car: Alter (automobile), Alter; roadster: Metz Company, Metz, Vulcan (automobile company), Vulcan; light car: Fischer (automobile), Fischer, Lincoln (1914 automobile), Lincoln; cyclecar: Argo (automobile), Argo, Whitmore Arrow, Arrow, Biesel, C-A-C (cyclecar), CAC, Cricket (1914 automobile), Cricket, Davis (automobile), Davis, Dodge (cyclecar), Dodge, Engler (automobile), Engler, Excel (automobile), Excel, Hawk (cyclecar), Hawk, Logan (cyclecar), Logan, LuLu, Malcolm Jones (automobile), Malcolm Jones, Mercury (cyclecar), Mercury, Motor Bob, O-We-Go, Xenia (automobile), Xenia MHV Xenia 1914 02

1915

Canada. Internal-combustion: Gray-Dort Motors, Gray-Dort, Regal UK. Internal-combustion: Atalanta (1915 automobile), Atalanta; sports car: Aston Martin US. Electric: Menominee (automobile), Menominee, hybrid electric: Owen Magnetic, internal-combustion: All-Steel, Apple (1910s automobile), Apple, Biddle Motor Car Company, Biddle, Bour-Davis, Briscoe (automotive company), Briscoe, Dort (automobile), Dort, Elcar, Herff-Brooks Corporation, Herff-Brooks, Hollier, Ross (gasoline automobile), Ross, Smith Flyer, light car:

, Harvard (automobile), Harvard, cyclecar: Koppin, racing car: Frontenac Motor Corporation, Frontenac,

1916

Russia: ZiL, AMO US. Electric: Belmont (automobile), Belmont; internal-combustion: Aland (automobile), Aland, American Junior (automobile), American Junior, Auto Red Bug, Bush (1916 automobile), Bush, Daniels Motor Company, Daniels, Dixie Flyer (automobile), Dixie Flyer, Hackett (automobile), Hackett, HAL (automobile), HAL, Jordan Motor Car Company, Jordan, Liberty Motor Car, Liberty, Sun (automobile), Sun, Yale (1916 automobile), Yale; touring car: Barley Motor Car Co., Barley, Marion-Handley, Germany: BMW

1917

Canada. Internal-combustion: Moose Jaw Standard UK. Cyclecar: Gibbons (automobile), Gibbons US. Internal-combustion: Able (1917 automobile), Able, Amalgamated (1917 automobile), Amalgamated, American (1916 automobile), American, Anderson (automobile), Anderson, Columbia Motors, Columbia, Commonwealth (automobile company), Commonwealth, Piedmont (1917 automobile), Piedmont, Shad-Wyck, Templar automobile, Templar; touring car: Harroun, Nelson (automobile), Nelson, Olympian (automobile), Olympian; light car: Gem (automobile), Gem; truck: Nash Motors, Nash,

1918

Italy: trucks Officine Meccaniche, OM UK. Internal-combustion: All British Ford; motorcycle: Cotton (motorcycle), Cotton US. Steam: Bryan Steam Car, Bryan, internal-combustion: Essex (automobile), Essex; motorcycle: Ner-a-Car MHV Castle Three 1922

1919

Australia: Australian Six France. Internal-combustion: Avions Voisin, Butterosi, Citroen, Leyat, Salmson; cyclecar: ASS (car), ASS, Soriano-Pedroso Germany. Internal-combustion: AGA (automobile), AGA, Anker (automobile), Anker UK. Internal-combustion: Alvis Car and Engineering Company Ltd, Alvis, Angus-Sanderson, Armstrong Siddeley, Ashton-Evans, Bentley, Dawson Car Company, Dawson, Eric-Campbell, Maiflower, Ruston (engine builder)#The Ruston-Hornsby car, Ruston-Hornsby, Willys Overland Crossley; cyclecar: Aero Car (1919 automobile), Aero Car, Ashby (automobile), Ashby, AV (cyclecar), AV, Castle Three, Economic (Cyclecar), Economic, Tamplin; motorcycle: Brough Superior, Coventry-Victor, Dunelt Motorcycles, Dunelt, Duzmo Motorcycles, Duzmo US. Internal-combustion: Amco, Argonne (automobile), Argonne, Climber (automobile company), Climber, Du Pont Motors, Du Pont, Graham-Paige; truck: Huffman Bros. Motor Co, Huffman

Vintage era

1920

Belgium. Light car: ALP (automobile), ALP 1922 Gardner Roadster R

France. Electric: Electricar; internal-combustion: Janémian, Jouffret, Radior; cyclecar: Able (1920 automobile), Able, Ajams, Astatic, La Comfortable, De Marçay, Elfe, Kevah, Santax; sports car: Fonlupt Germany. Internal-combustion: Joswin, Selve; touring car: Steiger (automobile company), Steiger Japan: Mazda UK. Internal-combustion: Aeroford, Cubitt (car), Cubitt, Galloway (car), Galloway, Palmerston (car), Palmerston, Payze; light car: Albert (automobile), Albert; cyclecar: Allwyn Cyclecars, Allwyn, Archer, Baughan, Bell (cyclecar), Bell, Black Prince (car), Black Prince, Blériot-Whippet, Bound (car), Bound, Cambro (cyclecar), Cambro, CFB (car), CFB, Winson (cyclecar), Winson; sports car: Sports Junior USA: Ace (1920 automobile), Ace, Alsace (automobile), Alsace, Aluminum (automobile), Aluminum, Astra (1920 automobile), Astra, Binghamton Electric, Carroll Six automobile, Carroll, Colonial (1920 automobile), Colonial, Colonial (Shaw automobile), Colonial/Shaw, Friend (automobile), Friend, Gardner (automobile), Gardner, Gray Light Car, LaFayette Motors, LaFayette, Lorraine (automobile), Lorraine, Mason Truck, Sheridan (automobile), Sheridan, Standard Steam Car, Stanwood (automobile), Stanwood

1921

Canada: Brock Motors, Brock Six, London Motors, London Six BirminghamDemonstrationFlag

France: Amilcar, Ballot (automobile), Ballot, Automobiles Bernardet, Bernardet, Coadou et Fleury, Colda, Le Favori, Georges Irat, Hinstin, Janoir, Madoz, Quo Vadis (automobile), Quo Vadis, Le Roitelet, Solanet Germany: Alfi (car manufacturer), Alfi, Arimofa, Atlantic (1921 automobile), Atlantic, Pawi (automobile), Pawi, Rumpler Tropfenwagen, Zündapp Italy: Ansaldo (car), Ansaldo, Aurea (car), Aurea, IENA, motorcycle: Moto Guzzi Japan: Ales (automobile), Ales UK: Amazon (automobile), Amazon, Barnard (cyclecar), Barnard, Scott Sociable, Skeoch US. Steam: Coats Steam Car, Coats, Steam car#Davis steam car, Davis, internal combustion: Adria (automobile), Adria, Aero Car (1921 automobile), Aero Car, Ajax, Automatic (automobile company), Automatic, Birmingham Motors, Birmingham, Colonial (1921 automobile), Colonial, Davis Totem, Durant (automobile), Durant, Earl (automobile), Earl, Handley-Knight, Jacquet Flyer, Kessler (automobile), Kessler, Wills Sainte Claire

1922

Canada: Colonial Motors, Colonial France: Astra (1922 automobile), Astra, Bucciali, Induco, JG Sport, JG, Vaillant (automobile), Vaillant Germany: Juho, Komet (German automobile), Komet UK: Abbey (1922 automobile), Abbey, Abingdon (1922 automobile), Abingdon, Albatros (1922 automobile), Albatros, Alberford, Aster (automobile), Aster, Atomette, Autogear, Baby Blake, Bean Cars, Bean, Bow-V-Car, Christchurch-Campbell, Clyno, Frazer Nash, Gwynnes Limited, Gwynne, Packman & Poppe Motorcycles, Packman & Poppe, Swallow Sidecar Company, Wigan-Barlow, Xtra (automobile), Xtra US. Steam: Steam car#Toledo steam car, Alena, American Steamer, Steam car#Endurance Steam car, Endurance, internal combustion: ABC (1922 automobile), ABC, Anahuac (automobile), Anahuac, Ansted-Lexington, Checker Motors Corporation, Checker, DAC (automobile), DAC, Dagmar (automobile), Dagmar, Detroit Steam Motors Corporation, Detroit, Gray (automobile), Gray, Jewett (automobile), Jewett, Kess-Line 8, Rickenbacker (car), Rickenbacker, Star (automobile), Star, Stewart-Coats

1923

Belgium: ADK (automobile), ADK, De Wandre, Juwel Canada. Steam: Brooks Steam Motors, Brooks France:

, Henou, Willème Germany: Alan (automobile), Alan, Kenter, Pilotmotorenwerke Bannewitz, Pilot, motorcycle: BMW UK: Astral (1923 automobile), Astral, Urecar Flint B-40 Touring 1925

USA: Flint (automobile), Flint, Kenworth, Rugby (automobile), Rugby

1924

Czech Republic: Škoda Auto, Skoda France: AEM (1924 automobile), AEM, A. S. (automobile), AS, Le Cabri, De Sanzy, Elgé, Jean Gras, Jousset Germany: Amor (automobile), Amor, Ehrhardt-Szawe, Tempo (car), Tempo Japan: Otomo (automobile), Otomo UK: HRD Motorcycles, HRD, Morris Commercial Cars, Morris, Paydell US. Steam: American Steam Car, American; internal-combustion: Chrysler, Junior R, Pennant (automobile), Pennant MHV Brocklebank Six 1927

1925

Argentina: Hispano-Argentina Australia: Ford_Australia, Ford (Australia) Belgium: Jeecy-Vea France: Heinis, Jack Sport Germany: Hanomag, Sablatnig-Beuchelt, Seidel-Arop Italy: Amilcar Italiana, Maggiora (manufacturer), Maggiora, Moretti Motor Company, Moretti UK: Brocklebank (automobile), Brocklebank, Invicta (car), Invicta, Jappic, McEvoy Motorcycles, McEvoy, MG Cars, MG USA: Empire Steam Car, Ajax (Nash Motors), Ajax, Diana Motors Company, Diana

1926

France: Alma (French automobile), Alma, Arzac, Chaigneau-Brasier, Constantinesco (automobile), Constantinesco, Automobiles Lambert, Lambert, Ratier, Simca, SAFAF, Sensaud de Lavaud, Tracta Germany: Daimler-Benz, Gutbrod, Mercedes-Benz UK: Arab (automobile), Arab, HP (car), HP, Marendaz Special, Marendaz, Swallow Sidecar Company, Swallow USA: Ansted, Divco, Dodgeson, Pontiac (automobile), Pontiac Falcon-Knight Model 10 Touring 1927

1927

France: Automobiles L. Rosengart, Rosengart, Silva-Coroner UK: Arrol-Aster, Avro#Car production, Avro, Streamline Cars, Streamline (Burney Car) USA: Falcon-Knight, Graham-Paige, LaSalle (automobile), LaSalle Sweden: Volvo Cars, Volvo

1928

Germany: BMW, DKW Netherlands: DAF Trucks, DAF UK: Ascot (1928 automobile), Ascot, Vincent Motorcycles, Vincent USA: DeSoto (automobile), DeSoto, Plymouth (automobile), Plymouth Michel Irat 1930 vvl

1929

France: Alphi, Michel Irat Germany: Borgward Italy: Ferrari Soviet Union. Motorcycle: Kalashnikov Concern, Izh Spain: National Pescara UK: Alta Car and Engineering Company, Alta USA: American Austin Car Company, American Austin, Blackhawk (automobile), Blackhawk, Cord Automobile, Cord, Roosevelt (automobile), Roosevelt, Ruxton (automobile), Ruxton, Viking (automobile), Viking, Windsor (American automobile), Windsor

Pre-war years

1930

Belgium: Astra (1930 automobile), Astra France: A.E.R. (automobile), AER, Virus (automobile), Virus Germany: Ardie-Ganz Soviet Union: Moskvitch, KIM Austin 7 Swallow 1931

1931

Australia: Southern Cross Germany: Maikäfer Soviet Union: ZiL, ZIS Japan: Datsun UK: Squire Car Manufacturing Company, Squire USA: De Vaux, Hoffman (Detroit automobile)

1932

Italy: Officine Ermini Firenze, Ermini, Nardi (carmaker), Nardi Poland: Polski Fiat Soviet Union: GAZ UK: Vale Special USA: Allied (automobile), Allied, De Vaux Continental, Jaeger (automobile), Jaeger

1933

France: Tracford Germany: Standard Superior UK: André (car), André, Railton (car), Railton, SS Cars (predecessor of Jaguar Cars) USA: Continental Motors Company, Continental

1934

France: Simca Germany: Auto Union, Bungartz Butz Japan: Ohta Jidosha UK: Aveling-Barford, British Salmson, Rytecraft

1935

France: Talbot-Lago Germany: Henschel & Son, Henschel UK: Autovia, Batten (car), Batten, Jensen Motors, Jensen, Reliant Motors, Reliant USA: Stout Scarab

1936

France: Darl'mat, Monocar UK: Allard Motor Company, Allard, HRG Engineering Company, HRG, Lammas Limited, Lammas, Lloyd cars, Lloyd, Skirrow (car), Skirrow Japan: Toyota

1937

France: Ardex (car manufacturer), Ardex, Danvignes Germany: Volkswagen UK: Atalanta (1937 automobile), Atalanta

1938

France: DB (car), DB, Rolux UK: Nuffield Organization, Nuffield

War years

1939

Soviet Union: SeAZ, SMZ USA: Albatross (automobile), Albatross, Crosley, truck: Peterbilt Italy: Ferrari

1940

UK: DMW Motorcycles, DMW

1941

Soviet Union: UAZ; motorcycle: IMZ-Ural

1942

Brazil. Trucks: Fábrica Nacional de Motores, F.N.M.

1943

Soviet Union. Trucks: Ural Automotive Plant, Ural

1945

India: Mahindra & Mahindra, Mahindra & Mohammed (Later Mahindra & Mahindra) Soviet Union. Motorcycle: Dnipro (motorcycle), Dnipro UK: Bristol Cars, Bristol, Donald Healey Motor Company, Healey, Jaguar Cars USA: Kaiser-Frazer

Post-war years

1946

France: Chappe et Gessalin, Mochet, Rovin Germany: Messerschmitt#Post-war, Messerschmitt Hungary: Csepel (automobile), Csepel Italy: Bandini Automobili, Bandini, Cisitalia, Automobili Stanguellini, Stanguellini; Trucks: Astra Veicoli Industriali Soviet Union: Moskvitch; motorcycle: Degtyarev plant, ZiD Spain: Pegaso UK: Cooper Car Company, Cooper USA: American Motors Incorporated, Frazer (automobile), Frazer

1947

Canada: Studebaker Canada, Studebaker France: Aerocarene, Alamagny Germany: Veritas (automobile), Veritas Italy: Innocenti, Lambretta, Maserati (motorcycle), Maserati, O.S.C.A. Soviet Union. Trucks: Minsk Automobile Plant UK: Ambassador Motorcycles, Ambassador, Ausfod, Buckler Cars, Buckler USA: Airscoot (1947), Airscoot, Davis Motor Car, Davis, Playboy Automobile Company, Playboy 1948 Tucker Torpedo 8511815871

1948

Australia: Holden China: GAC Group, GAC France: J-P Wimille Germany: Fend Flitzer Italy: Fimer, Iso Rivolta, Siata Japan. Motorcycle: Marusho Soviet Union. Trucks: BelAZ UK: EMC Motorcycles, EMC, Land Rover, Rochdale (car), Rochdale, Thundersley Invacar USA: Autoette, Keller (automobile), Keller, 1948 Tucker Sedan, Tucker Sedan

1949

Australia: Hartnett (car), Hartnett France: Atlas (1951 automobile), Atlas India: Automobile Products of India, AUTOPRD Soviet Union: Riga Autobus Factory, RAF Japan: Honda (Motorcycle) UK: Dellow USA: Aerocar International, Aerocar, Airway (automobile), Airway, Glasspar G2; scooter: Powell Manufacturing Company, PMC

1950

France: Autobleu Germany: Fuldamobil, Kersting-Modellbauwerkstätten, Kleinschnittger, Staunau Spain: SEAT UK: Marauder Cars, Marauder, Paramount Cars, Paramount USA: Muntz Car Company, Muntz

1951

Argentina: Industrias Aeronáuticas y Mecánicas del Estado, IAME Australia: Fiat_Chrysler_Australia, Chrysler (Australia) France: Atlas (1951 automobile), Atlas, Automobiles Marathon, Le Piaf, Reyonnah Germany: Glas (company), Glas Poland: Fabryka Samochodów Osobowych, FSO Soviet Union. Trucks: Kutaisi Auto Mechanical Plant, KAZ; motorcycle: Minsk (motorcycle), Minsk UK: Arnott (automobile), Arnott, Russon, Turner (car company), Turner USA: Nash-Healey

1952

France: Martin-Spéciale, Poinard Germany: Brütsch, Champion (automobile), Champion Soviet Union: Pavlovo Bus Factory, PAZ UK: Austin-Healey, British Motor Corporation, BMC, Greeves (motorcycles), Greeves, Lotus Cars, Lotus USA: Allstate (automobile), Allstate, Woodill Motors, Woodill

1953

China: BAW, FAW Group, FAW East Germany: Eisenacher Motorenwerk, EMW Japan: Subaru USA: Eshelman, Fina-Sport

1954

France: Alpine (car maker), Alpine, Facel Vega Spain: Serveta UK: Astra (1954 automobile), Astra, Fairthorpe Cars, Fairthorpe, Rodley (car), Rodley, Swallow Doretti USA: American Motors, AMC, Studebaker-Packard Corporation, Studebaker-Packard

1955

Australia: Nota Belgium: Meeussen East Germany: Zwickau (car), Zwickau France: Saviem, VELAM Germany: Goggomobil Italy: Autobianchi Soviet Union: Lviv Bus Factory, LAZ, LuAZ UK: Ashley (automobile), Ashley, Elva (car manufacturer), Elva

1956

Argentina: Industrias Kaiser Argentina, IKA France: Arista (1956 automobile), Arista Germany: Heinkel Kabine Soviet Union: ZiL, Kauno autobusų gamykla, KAG; scooter: TMZ (motorcycle), TMZ, Vyatka (motor scooter), Vyatka UK: Berkeley Cars, Berkeley, Tourette (automobile), Tourette USA: Auto Cub (1956), Auto Cub, Devin Enterprises, Devin, Dual-Ghia

1957

East Germany: Trabant France: Arbel (automobile), Arbel, Atla (automobile), Atla Germany: Neckar (car), Neckar Romania: ARO (company), ARO UK: Peerless (UK car), Peerless (Warwick), Scootacar, Tornado Cars, Tornado USA: Aurora (1957 automobile), Aurora, Hackney (automobile), Hackney

1958

Australia: Elfin Cars, Elfin China: BAIC Group, BAIC, Hongqi (marque), Hongqi Israel: Autocars Co., Autocars Soviet Union: KAvZ; trucks: Bryansky Avtomobilny Zavod, BAZ, KrAZ UK: Gill (automobile), Gill, Meadows Frisky, Frisky USA: Edsel, Streco Turnpike Cruiser

1959

Argentina: Siam Di Tella China: Changan Automobile, Changan East Germany: Melkus India: Vehicle Factory Jabalpur Ireland: Shamrock (car), Shamrock Soviet Union: LiAZ (Russia), LiAZ UK: Bristol Siddeley, Gilbern, Marcos (automobile), Marcos USA: Argonaut (automobile), Argonaut, Nu-Klea Starlite

Classic era

1960

India: Ideal Jawa UK: Ausper, Brabham, Rickman Motorcycles, Rickman US. Replica veteran car: Gaslight (automobile), Gaslight

1961

Germany: Amphicar Soviet Union: ZAZ UK: Diva (car manufacturer), Diva

1962

Canada: Acadian (automobile), Acadian France: Automobiles René Bonnet Iran: Iran Khodro Soviet Union: AvtoKuban Japan. Motorcycle: Kawasaki motorcycles, Kawasaki USA: Apollo (1962 automobile), Apollo

1963

Brazil: Puma (car manufacturer), Puma Italy: Automobili Turismo e Sport, ATS, Scuderia Serenissima, Lamborghini UK: Bond Cars, Bond, Gordon-Keeble USA: Exner Revival Cars; trucks: Marmon Motor Company, Marmon Japan: Honda (Car)

1964

Italy: ASA (automobile), ASA Soviet Union: ErAZ USA: Fiberfab

1965

Australia: Finch Restorations France: Matra India: Heavy Vehicles Factory Iran: SAIPA Italy: Ferves Soviet Union: Kalashnikov Concern, IzhAvto Spain: Investigación y Proyectos de Vehículos Especiales, IPV UK: Jago (car), Jago, Peel Engineering Company, Peel

1966

Bulgaria: Bulgarrenault Italy: Bizzarrini New Zealand: Trekka Soviet Union: Lada; trucks: MoAZ Romania: Automobile Dacia, Dacia Soviet Union: ErAZ Turkey: Anadol UK: Norton-Villiers, Trident (car company), Trident, Unipower GT, Unipower

1967

Argentina: Andino Bulgaria: Bulgaralpine India: Tata motors New Zealand: Anziel Nova, Anziel

1968

Italy: Autozodiaco, LMX Sirex Turkey: Tofaş UK: Piper Cars, Piper USA: Savage GT

1969

Australia. Trucks: RFW Brazil. Cars: Gurgel China: Dongfeng Motor Corporation, Dongfeng Soviet Union. Trucks: Kamaz UK: Enfield Automotive, Enfield

1970

China: Changhe

1972

Greece: Namco (automobiles), Namco

Modern Classic Era (Late 1970s-1990s

1978

Australia. PRB (company), PRB

1979

Australia. Bolwell

1981

Australia. Borland Racing Developments, Borland Python (automobile maker), Python India: Rajah Motors, Rajah Spain: UROVESA UK: Asquith Motors, Asquith

1982

China: Wuling Motors, Wuling Germany: Isdera Japan: Takeoka Auto Craft, Takeoka

1983

Argentina. Eniak Antique, Eniak France: Aixam Malaysia: Proton Holdings, Proton UK: Sinclair Vehicles, Sinclair USA: Saleen

1984

China: Great Wall Motor, Great Wall, Xinkai France: Microcar (brand), Microcar, Venturi (company), Venturi UK: Ronart Cars, Ronart

1985

Italy: DR Automobiles, DR Madagascar: Karenjy UK: McLaren Automotive, McLaren USA: Mosler Automotive, Mosler, Saturn Corporation, Saturn

1986

Australia. Bufori China: Geely, Seres Group, Seres Japan: Acura, Tommykaira Kenya: Nyayo Car, Nyayo Taiwan: Ta Ching Motor Co., Ta Ching

1987

Mexico: Mastretta

1988

China: BeiBen Truck, BeiBen, Foday, King Long, Shuanghuan Auto, Shuanghuan Germany: Wiesmann GmbH, Wiesmann Italy: Cizeta, Cizeta-Moroder (later Cizeta)

1989

Iran: Azar Motor Industrial Co, Azar Japan: Autozam, Eunos (automobile), Eunos, Infiniti, Lexus New Zealand: Saker Cars, Saker USA: Geo (automobile), Geo, North American Bus Industries, NABI, Panoz

1991

Australia. Stohr Cars, Stohr

1992

China: Brilliance Auto Group, Brilliance

1993

Malaysia: Perodua

1994

Ghana: Kantanka Automobile, Kantanka

1995

Australia. Jacer

1996

Australia. Bullet China: Foton Motor, Foton

1997

China: Ankai, Chery

1998

Australia. Puma Clubman, Puma

Contemporary Era (2000s – 2010s)

2001

Australia. Devaux Minetti Sports Cars, Minetti

2002

Australia. Ford Performance Vehicles, FPV

2003

China: BYD Auto USA: Tesla, Inc., Tesla

2004

Australia. Joss Developments, Joss Spartan-V, Spartan

2005

China: Zotye Auto, Zotye

2006

China: Bestune Tunisia: Wallyscar

2007

Denmark: Zenvo Automotive, Zenvo USA: Lucid Motors, Atieva (later Lucid), Fisker Automotive, Fisker

2008

China: Everus

2009

Croatia: Rimac Automobili, Rimac USA: Rivian

Modern/Current Era (2010s – Present)

2010

China: Baojun, Denza Kenya: Mobius Motors, Mobius

2014

China: Nio Inc., Nio, XPeng Israel: City Transformer USA: Nikola Corporation, Nikola

2015

China: Li Auto UK: Arrival (company), Charge R&D (later Arrival)

2016

Germany: Sono Motors, Sono Sweden: Lynk & Co UK: Ineos Automotive, INEOS Automotive

2017

China: GAC Aion, Aion, Arcfox, Exeed, Leapmotor USA: Canoo Vietnam: VinFast

2018

Hong Kong: Apex Motors, Apex Morocco: Neo Motors, Neo Turkey: Togg USA: Nu Ride Inc., Lordstown (later Nu Ride)

2021

Canada: Edison Motors, Edison China: Xiaomi Auto, Zeekr Spain: Silence S04, Silence

2022

China: Omoda Saudi Arabia: Ceer Motors, Ceer

2023

China: Fangchengbao, ICar (marque), ICar, Jaecoo, Yangwang

2024

China: Firefly (marque), Firefly, Onvo

References

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