The solute carrier (SLC) group of

membrane transport protein A membrane transport protein is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane. Transport proteins are integral membrane proteins, integral transmembr ...

s include over 400 members organized into 66 families. Most members of the SLC group are located in the

cell membrane The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extr ...

. The SLC gene nomenclature system was originally proposed by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (

HGNC The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) is a committee of the Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) that sets the standardization, standards for human gene nomenclature. The HGNC approves a ''unique'' and ''meaningful'' name for every known human g ...

) and is the basis for the official HGNC names of the genes that encode these transporters. A more general transmembrane transporter classification can be found in TCDB database.

Solutes In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are ...

that are transported by the various SLC group members are extremely diverse and include both charged and uncharged organic molecules as well as inorganic ions and the gas

ammonia Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the chemical formula, formula . A Binary compounds of hydrogen, stable binary hydride and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinctive pu ...

. As is typical of

integral membrane protein An integral, or intrinsic, membrane protein (IMP) is a type of membrane protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. All transmembrane proteins can be classified as IMPs, but not all IMPs are transmembrane proteins. IMPs comp ...

s, SLCs contain a number of

hydrophobic In chemistry, hydrophobicity is the chemical property of a molecule (called a hydrophobe) that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water. In contrast, hydrophiles are attracted to water. Hydrophobic molecules tend to be nonpolar and, thu ...

transmembrane A transmembrane protein is a type of integral membrane protein that spans the entirety of the cell membrane. Many transmembrane proteins function as gateways to permit the transport of specific substances across the membrane. They frequently u ...

alpha helices An alpha helix (or α-helix) is a sequence of amino acids in a protein that are twisted into a coil (a helix). The alpha helix is the most common structural arrangement in the secondary structure of proteins. It is also the most extreme type of l ...

connected to each other by hydrophilic intra- and extra-cellular loops. Depending on the SLC, these transporters are functional as either monomers or obligate homo- or hetero-oligomers. Many SLC families are members of the

major facilitator superfamily The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is a Protein superfamily, superfamily of membrane transport proteins that facilitate movement of small solutes across cell membranes in response to chemiosmosis, chemiosmotic gradients. Function The major ...

Scope

By convention of the

nomenclature Nomenclature (, ) is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences. (The theoretical field studying nomenclature is sometimes referred to as ''onymology'' or ''taxonymy'' ). The principl ...

system, members within an individual SLC family have greater than 20-25% sequence identity to each other. In contrast, the homology between SLC families is very low to non-existent. Hence, the criteria for inclusion of a family into the SLC group is not evolutionary relatedness to other SLC families but rather functional (i.e., an integral membrane protein that transports a solute). The SLC group include examples of transport proteins that are: * facilitative transporters (allow solutes to flow downhill with their

electrochemical gradients An electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane. The gradient consists of two parts: * The chemical gradient, or difference in Concentration, solute concentration across ...

) *

secondary active transport In cellular biology, active transport is the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient. Active transport requires cellular ...

ers (allow solutes to flow uphill against their electrochemical gradient by coupling to transport of a second solute that flows downhill with its gradient such that the overall free energy change is still favorable) The SLC series does not include members of transport protein families that have previously been classified by other widely accepted nomenclature systems including: *

primary active transport In cellular biology, active transport is the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration—against the concentration gradient. Active transport requires cellular ...

ers (allow flow uphill against electrochemical gradients) such as

ABC ABC are the first three letters of the Latin script. ABC or abc may also refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Broadcasting * Aliw Broadcasting Corporation, Philippine broadcast company * American Broadcasting Company, a commercial American ...

( ATP Binding Cassette) transporters by coupling transport to an energy releasing event such as ATP hydrolysis *

ion channel Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by Gating (electrophysiol ...

s *

aquaporin Aquaporins, also called water channels, are channel proteins from a larger family of major intrinsic proteins that form pores in the membrane of biological cells, mainly facilitating transport of water between cells. The cell membranes of ...

s (water channels)

Subcellular distribution

Most members of the SLC group are located in the

, but some members are located in

mitochondria A mitochondrion () is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is us ...

(the most notable one being SLC family 25) or other

intracellular This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms. It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions ...

organelle In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell (biology), cell, that has a specific function. The name ''organelle'' comes from the idea that these structures are parts of cells, as Organ (anatomy), organs are to th ...

Nomenclature system

Names of individual SLC members have the following format: SLCnXm where: * SLC is the root name (SoLute Carrier) * n = an integer representing a family (e.g., 1-52) * X = a single letter (A, B, C, ...) denoting a subfamily * m = an integer representing an individual family member (

isoform A protein isoform, or "protein variant", is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene and are the result of genetic differences. While many perform the same or similar biological roles, some isoforms have uniqu ...

). For example, is the first isoform of subfamily A of SLC family 1. An exception occurs with SLC family 21 (the organic anion transporting polypeptide transporters), which for historical reasons have names in the format SLCOnXm where n = family number, X = subfamily letter, and m = member number. While the

only assign nomenclature to human genes, by convention vertebrate orthologs of these genes adopt the same nomenclature (e.g.
VGNC
assigned orthologs o
SLC10A1
. For rodents, the case of the symbols differs from other vertebrates by using title case, i.e. Slc1a1 denotes the rodent

ortholog Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speci ...

of the human SLC1A1 gene.

Families

The following families are named under SLC: # high-affinity glutamate and neutral amino acid transporter #* (

SLC1A1 Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC1A1'' gene. Tissue distribution EAAT3 is expressed on the plasma membrane of neurons, specifically on the dendrites and axon terminals. Function ...

SLC1A2 Excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) also known as solute carrier family 1 member 2 (SLC1A2) and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC1A2'' gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants of thi ...

, SLC1A3,

SLC1A4 Neutral amino acid transporter A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC1A4'' gene. In humans, it is expressed in the brain, lung, skeletal muscle, intestine and kidney. Function The transporter is responsible for transport of L-se ...

SLC1A5 Neutral amino acid transporter B(0) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC1A5'' gene. See also * Glutamate transporter * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members ...

SLC1A6 Excitatory amino-acid transporter 4 (EAAT4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC1A6'' gene. EAAT4 is expressed predominantly in the cerebellum, has high affinity for the excitatory amino acids L-aspartate and L-glutamate Glu ...

SLC1A7 Excitatory amino-acid transporter 5 (EAAT5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC1A7'' gene. EAAT5 is expressed predominantly in the retina, has high affinity for the excitatory amino acid L-glutamate Glutamic acid (symbol Gl ...

) # facilitative GLUT transporter #* (

SLC2A1 Glucose transporter 1 (or GLUT1), also known as solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1), is a uniporter protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC2A1'' gene. GLUT1 facilitates the transport of glucose acros ...

, SLC2A2, SLC2A3,

SLC2A4 Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), also known as solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 4, is a protein encoded, in humans, by the ''SLC2A4'' gene. GLUT4 is the insulin-regulated glucose transporter found primarily in ad ...

, SLC2A5,

SLC2A6 Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC2A6'' gene. Function Hexose transport into mammalian cells is catalyzed by a family of membrane proteins, including SLC2A6, th ...

SLC2A7 Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 7 also known as glucose transporter 7 (GLUT7) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC2A7'' gene. SLC2A7 belongs to a family of transporters that catalyze the uptake of s ...

, SLC2A8,

SLC2A9 Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC2A9'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the SLC2A facilitative glucose transporter family. Members of this family play a signif ...

, SLC2A10,

SLC2A11 Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 11 (SLC2A11) also known as glucose transporter type 10/11 (GLUT-10/11) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC2A11 gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. T ...

, SLC2A12,

SLC2A13 Proton ''myo''-inositol cotransporter, also known as solute carrier family 2 member 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC2A13'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredi ...

SLC2A14 Solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC2A14 gene. Members of the glucose transporter (GLUT) family, including SLC2A14, are highly conserved integral membrane proteins ...

) # heavy subunits of

heterodimeric amino acid transporter Heterodimeric amino-acid transporters are a family of transport proteins that facilitate the transport of certain amino acids across cell membrane The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically r ...

s #* (

SLC3A1 Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC3A1'' gene. Mutations in the SLC3A1 gene are associated with cystinuria. See also * Heterodimeric amino acid transporter * Solute carrier f ...

, SLC3A2) # bicarbonate transporter #* ( SLC4A1,

SLC4A2 Anion exchange protein 2 (AE2) is a membrane transport protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC4A2'' gene. AE2 is functionally similar to the Band 3 Cl−/ HCO3− exchange protein. Mice have been used to explore the function of AE2. AE2 c ...

SLC4A3 Anion exchange protein 3 (AE3) is a membrane transport protein encoded by the human ''SLC4A3'' gene. Structure Cryo-electron microscopy studies have revealed that AE3 forms a homodimeric complex, structurally similar to other members of the SLC ...

, SLC4A4, SLC4A5,

SLC4A6 Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 3 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''SLC4A7'' gene. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 familie ...

, SLC4A7,

SLC4A8 Electroneutral sodium bicarbonate exchanger 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC4A8'' gene. See also * Solute carrier family * cotransporter Cotransporters are a subcategory of membrane transport proteins (transporters) that ...

, SLC4A9, SLC4A10,

SLC4A11 Sodium bicarbonate transporter-like protein 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC4A11'' gene. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized int ...

) # sodium glucose cotransporter #* (

SLC5A1 Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) also known as solute carrier family 5 member 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the gene which encodes the production of the SGLT1 protein to line the absorptive cells in the small intestine and ...

SLC5A2 The sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the (solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter)) gene. Function SGLT2 is a member of the sodium glucose cotransporter family, which are sodium- ...

, SLC5A3, SLC5A4, SLC5A5, SLC5A6, SLC5A7, SLC5A8, SLC5A9, SLC5A10, SLC5A11, SLC5A12) #

sodium Sodium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Na (from Neo-Latin ) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 element, group 1 of the peri ...

- and

chloride The term chloride refers to a compound or molecule that contains either a chlorine anion (), which is a negatively charged chlorine atom, or a non-charged chlorine atom covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single bond (). The pr ...

-dependent sodium:neurotransmitter symporters #* (

SLC6A1 GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) also known as sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC6A1'' gene and belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) family of transporters. It mediates gamma-aminobuty ...

, SLC6A2, SLC6A3,

SLC6A4 The serotonin transporter (SERT or 5-HTT) also known as the sodium-dependent serotonin transporter and solute carrier family 6 member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A4 gene. SERT is a type of monoamine transporter protein th ...

SLC6A5 Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2, also known as glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC6A5'' gene. The glycine transporter 2 is a membrane protein which recaptures glycine, a major ...

, SLC6A6, SLC6A7, SLC6A8, SLC6A9,

SLC6A10 GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) also known as sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC6A1'' gene and belongs to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) family of transporters. It mediates gamma-aminobuty ...

, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A13, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A16, SLC6A17, SLC6A18,

SLC6A19 Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC6A19'' gene. Function SLC6A19 is a system B(0) transporter that mediates epithelial resorption of neutral amino acids across the apica ...

, SLC6A20) # cationic amino acid transporter/glycoprotein-associated #*

cationic amino acid transporter An ion () is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convent ...

s ( SLC7A1, SLC7A2, SLC7A3, SLC7A4) #* glycoprotein-associated/light or catalytic subunits of

s ( SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC7A7, SLC7A8, SLC7A9, SLC7A10,

SLC7A11 Cystine/glutamate transporter is an antiporter that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC7A11'' gene. The ''SLC7A11'' gene encodes a sodium-independent cystine-Glutamate (neurotransmitter), glutamate antiporter that is chloride dependent, also know ...

, SLC7A13, SLC7A14) # Na+/Ca2+ exchanger #* (

SLC8A1 The sodium-calcium exchanger (often denoted Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, exchange protein, or NCX) is an antiporter membrane protein that removes calcium from cells. It uses the energy that is stored in the electrochemical gradient of sodium (Na+) by a ...

, SLC8A2, SLC8A3) # Na+/H+ exchanger #* ( SLC9A1, SLC9A2, SLC9A3, SLC9A4,

SLC9A5 Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC9A5'' gene. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. Most m ...

SLC9A6 Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 6 is an integral membrane protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC9A6'' gene. It was originally thought to be a mitochondrial-targeted protein, but subsequent studies have localized it to the plasma membrane and re ...

, SLC9A7,

SLC9A8 Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC9A8'' gene. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. Most me ...

, SLC9A9, SLC9A10, SLC9A11, SLC9B1,

SLC9B2 Solute carrier family 9, subfamily B (NHA2, cation proton antiporter 2), member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC9B2 gene. Function Sodium–hydrogen antiporters, such as NHEDC2, convert the proton motive force established by ...

) # sodium bile salt cotransport #* (

SLC10A1 Sodium/bile acid cotransporter also known as the Na+- taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) or liver bile acid transporter (LBAT) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC10A1'' (solute carrier family 10 member 1) gene. Stru ...

, SLC10A2, SLC10A3, SLC10A4, SLC10A5, SLC10A6, SLC10A7) # proton coupled metal ion transporter #* (

SLC11A1 Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC11A1'' gene. Function This gene is a member of the solute carrier family 11 (proton-coupled divalent metal ion transporters) family and encod ...

SLC11A2 Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 (NRAMP 2), also known as divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and divalent cation transporter 1 (DCT1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC11A2'' (solute carrier family 11, member 2 ...

) # electroneutral cation-Cl cotransporter #* ( SLC12A1, SLC12A2, SLC12A3, SLC12A4,

SLC12A5 Potassium-chloride transporter member 5 (aka: KCC2 and SLC12A5) is a neuron-specific chloride potassium symporter responsible for establishing the chloride ion gradient in neurons through the maintenance of low intracellular chloride concentratio ...

, SLC12A6, SLC12A7, SLC12A8, SLC12A9) # Na+-sulfate/carboxylate cotransporter #* ( SLC13A1,

SLC13A2 Solute carrier family 13 member 2 is a protein that is encoded in humans by the ''SLC13A2'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in ...

, SLC13A3, SLC13A4, SLC13A5) #

urea transporter A urea transporter is a membrane transport protein, transporting urea. Humans and other mammals have two types of urea transport proteins, UT-A and UT-B. The UT-A proteins are important for renal urea handling and are produced by alternative spl ...

#* ( SLC14A1, SLC14A2) # proton oligopeptide cotransporter #* ( SLC15A1, SLC15A2, SLC15A3, SLC15A4) # monocarboxylate transporter #* (

SLC16A1 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 is a ubiquitous protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC16A1'' gene (also known as MCT1). It is a proton coupled monocarboxylate transporter. Biochemistry Detailed kinetic analysis of monocarboxylate transport ...

SLC16A2 Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) is an active transporter protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC16A2'' gene. Function MCT8 actively transports a variety of iodo- thyronines including the thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Clinical ...

SLC16A3 Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) also known as solute carrier family 16 member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC16A3'' gene. Northern and western blotting and EST database analyses showed MCT4 to be widely expressed and e ...

SLC16A4 Monocarboxylate transporter 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC16A4'' gene. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. ...

SLC16A5 Monocarboxylate transporter 6 (MCT6) is a protein in humans that is encoded by the SLC16A5 gene. This gene encodes a member of the monocarboxylate transporter family and the major facilitator superfamily. The encoded protein is localized to the c ...

, SLC16A6, SLC16A7, SLC16A8,

SLC16A9 Monocarboxylate transporter 9 (MCT9, solute carrier family 16, member 9, SLC16A9) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC16A9'' gene. Clinical relevance Mutations in the SLC16A9 gene have been associated with carnitine Carnit ...

SLC16A10 Monocarboxylate transporter 10 (MCT 10), also known as aromatic amino acid transporter 1 and T-type amino acid transporter 1 (TAT1) and solute carrier family 16 member 10 (SLC16A10), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC16A10'' gene. ...

SLC16A11 Monocarboxylate transporter 11 (MCT 11) is a protein that in humans is encode by the ''SLC16A11'' gene. Variants in this gene are associated with increased body-mass index and type 2 diabetes Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult- ...

SLC16A12 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 is a ubiquitous protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC16A1'' gene (also known as MCT1). It is a proton coupled monocarboxylate transporter. Biochemistry Detailed kinetic analysis of monocarboxylate transport ...

, SLC16A13, SLC16A14) # vesicular glutamate transporter #* ( SLC17A1, SLC17A2, SLC17A3, SLC17A4, SLC17A5, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8,

SLC17A9 Solute carrier family 17 member 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC17A9 gene. Function This gene encodes a member of a family of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the transport of small molecules. The encoded protein ...

) #

vesicular amine transporter The vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) is a transport protein integrated into the membranes of synaptic vesicles of presynaptic neurons. It transports monoamine neurotransmitters – such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine ...

#* ( SLC18A1, SLC18A2, SLC18A3) #

folate Folate, also known as vitamin B9 and folacin, is one of the B vitamins. Manufactured folic acid, which is converted into folate by the body, is used as a dietary supplement and in food fortification as it is more stable during processing and ...

thiamine transporter Members of this protein family have been assigned as thiamine membrane transporter protein, transporters by a phylogenomic analysis of families of genes regulated by the THI element, a broadly conserved sequence, conserved RNA secondary structure e ...

#* (

SLC19A1 Folate transporter 1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''SLC19A1'' gene. Function Transport of folate compounds into mammalian cells can occur via receptor-mediated (see folate receptor 1) or carrier-mediated mechanisms. A funct ...

SLC19A2 Thiamine transporter 1, also known as thiamine carrier 1 (TC1) or solute carrier family 19 member 2 (SLC19A2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC19A2'' gene. SLC19A2 is a thiamine transporter. Mutations in this gene cause thiamin ...

SLC19A3 Thiamine transporter 2 (ThTr-2), also known as solute carrier family 19 member 3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC19A3'' gene. SLC19A3 is a thiamine transporter. Function ThTr-2 is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane thia ...

) #

type III Na+-phosphate Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...

cotransporter #* (

SLC20A1 Sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC20A1'' gene. Retrovirus receptors allow infection of human and murine cells by various retroviruses. The receptors that have been identified at the molecu ...

, SLC20A2) #

organic anion transporting Members of the Organic Anion Transporter (OAT) Family (organic-anion-transporting polypeptides, OATP) are membrane transport proteins or 'transporters' that mediate the transport of mainly organic anions across the cell membrane. Therefore, OATPs ...

#* subfamily 1 (

SLCO1A2 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLCO1A2'' gene. This gene encodes a sodium-independent transporter which mediates cellular uptake of organic ions in the liver. Its substrat ...

SLCO1B1 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLCO1B1'' gene. Pharmacogenomic research indicates that genetic variations in this gene are associated with response to simvastatin. Clini ...

SLCO1B3 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 (SLCO1B3) also known as organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B3 (OATP1B3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLCO1B3'' gene. OATP1B3 is a 12-transmembrane domain influx tr ...

SLCO1C1 Members of the Organic Anion Transporter (OAT) Family (organic-anion-transporting polypeptides, OATP) are membrane transport proteins or 'transporters' that mediate the transport of mainly organic anions across the cell membrane. Therefore, OATPs ...

) #* subfamily 2 (

SLCO2A1 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1, also known as the prostaglandin transporter (PGT), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLCO2A1 gene. This gene encodes a prostaglandin transporter that is a member of the 12-m ...

SLCO2B1 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 also known as organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene ''SLCO2B1''. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SL ...

) #* subfamily 3 (

SLCO3A1 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLCO3A1'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a se ...

) #* subfamily 4 (

SLCO4A1 Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLCO4A1'' gene. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members or ...

, SLCO4C1) #* subfamily 5 ( SLCO5A1) #* subfamily 6 ( SLCO6A1) # organic cation/anion/zwitterion transporter #* ( SLC22A1, SLC22A2, SLC22A3, SLC22A4, SLC22A5,

SLC22A6 The organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) also known as solute carrier family 22 member 6 (SLC22A6) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC22A6'' gene. It is a member of the organic anion transporter#Organic anion transporter (OAT) famil ...

, SLC22A7,

SLC22A8 Solute carrier family 22 member 8, or organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC22A8'' gene. Function OAT3 is involved in the transport and excretion of organic ions some of which are drugs (e.g., ...

, SLC22A9, SLC22A10, SLC22A11, SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A14, SLC22A15, SLC22A16, SLC22A17, SLC22A18, SLC22A18AS, SLC22A19, SLC22A20, SLC22A23,

SLC22A24 Solute carrier family 22 member 24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A24 gene. Function SLC22A24 belongs to a large family of transmembrane proteins that function as uniporters, symporters, and antiporters to transport organi ...

, SLC22A25, SLC22A31) #

Na+-dependent ascorbic acid transporter NA, N.A., Na, nA or n/a may refer to: Chemistry and physics * Sodium, symbol Na, a chemical element * Avogadro constant (''N''A) * Nucleophilic addition, a type of reaction in organic chemistry * Numerical aperture, a number that characterizes a ...

#* ( SLC23A1, SLC23A2, SLC23A3, SLC23A4) # Na+/(Ca2+-K+) exchanger #* ( SLC24A1, SLC24A2, SLC24A3, SLC24A4, SLC24A5, SLC24A6) #

mitochondrial carrier Mitochondrial carriers are proteins from solute carrier family 25 which transfer molecules across the membranes of the mitochondria. Mitochondrial carriers are also classified in thTransporter Classification Database The Mitochondrial Carrier (MC ...

#* (

SLC25A1 Tricarboxylate transport protein, mitochondrial, also known as tricarboxylate carrier protein and citrate transport protein (CTP), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC25A1'' gene. SLC25A1 belongs to the mitochondrial carrier gene ...

, SLC25A2, SLC25A3,

SLC25A4 ADP/ATP translocase 1, or adenine nucleotide translocator 1 (ANT1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC25A4'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular g ...

, SLC25A5,

SLC25A6 ADP/ATP translocase 3, also known as solute carrier family 25 member 6, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC25A6'' gene. Identical copies of this gene reside on the pseudoautosomal regions of the X and Y chromosomes. See also ...

, UCP1(SLC25A7), UCP2(SLC25A8), UCP3(SLC25A9), SLC25A10,

SLC25A11 Mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC25A11'' gene. Inactivating mutations in this gene predispose to metastasic paraganglioma. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carr ...

SLC25A12 Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC25A12'' gene. Aralar is an integral membrane protein located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Its primary function as an antiporter is th ...

SLC25A13 Citrin, also known as solute carrier family 25, member 13 (citrin) or SLC25A13, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''SLC25A13'' gene. Citrin is associated with type II citrullinemia and neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by ...

, SLC25A14, SLC25A15, SLC25A16,

SLC25A17 Peroxisomal membrane protein PMP34 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC25A17'' gene. Function SLC25A17 is a peroxisomal membrane protein that belongs to the family of mitochondrial solute carriers. upplied by OMIMref name="entr ...

, SLC25A18, SLC25A19, SLC25A20,

SLC25A21 Mitochondrial 2-oxodicarboxylate carrier also known as solute carrier family 25 member 21 (SLC25A21) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC25A21'' gene. It is a homolog of the S. cerevisiae ODC proteins, mitochondrial carriers that ...

, SLC25A22, SLC25A23, SLC25A24, SLC25A25, SLC25A26, SLC25A27, SLC25A28,

SLC25A29 Solute carrier family 25, member 29 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC25A29'' gene. The gene is also known as ''CACL'' and ''C14orf69''. SLC25A29 belongs to a protein family of solute carriers called the mitochondrial carrier M ...

, SLC25A30, SLC25A31, SLC25A32, SLC25A33, SLC25A34, SLC25A35, SLC25A36, SLC25A37,

SLC25A38 Mitochondrial glycine transporter is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC25A38'' gene. SLC25A38 is involved in mitochondrial handling of glycine and is needed for the first step in heme synthesis. Mutations in this gene can lead to an ...

, SLC25A39, SLC25A40, SLC25A41, SLC25A42, SLC25A43, SLC25A44, SLC25A45,

SLC25A46 Solute carrier family 25 member 46 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC25A46'' gene. This protein is a member of the SLC25 mitochondrial solute carrier family. It is a transmembrane protein located in the mitochondrial outer membra ...

), SLC25A47, SLC25A48, MTCH1(SLC25A49), MTCH2(SLC25A50), SLC25A51, SLC25A52, SLC25A53 # multifunctional anion exchanger #* ( SLC26A1,

SLC26A2 The sulfate transporter is a solute carrier family protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC26A2'' gene. SLC26A2 is also called the diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter (DTDST), and was first described by Hästbacka et al. in 1994. A d ...

, SLC26A3, SLC26A4, SLC26A5, SLC26A6,

SLC26A7 Anion exchange transporter is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC26A7'' gene. Function This gene is one member of a family of sulfate/anion transporter genes. Family members are well conserved in their genomic (number and size of ...

SLC26A8 Testis anion transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC26A8'' gene. Function This gene is one member of a family of sulfate/anion transporter genes. Family members are well conserved in their genomic (number and size of ...

, SLC26A9, SLC26A10, SLC26A11) # fatty acid transport proteins #* ( SLC27A1, SLC27A2,

SLC27A3 Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC27A3'' gene. In melanocytic cells SLC27A3 gene expression may be regulated by MITF. See also * * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group ...

, SLC27A4,

SLC27A5 Bile acyl-CoA synthetase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC27A5'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase ( VLCS). It is capable of activating very long-chain fatty-acids cont ...

, SLC27A6) # Na+-coupled nucleoside transport #* (

SLC28A1 Concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 (CNT1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC28A1'' gene. See also * Concentrative nucleoside transporters * Nucleoside transporters * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group ...

, SLC28A2, SLC28A3) # facilitative nucleoside transporter #* (

SLC29A1 Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC29A1'' gene. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been found for this gene. Expressed on red blood cell surfaces, ...

SLC29A2 Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC29A2'' gene. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized in ...

, SLC29A3,

SLC29A4 The plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) is a low-affinity monoamine transporter protein which in humans is encoded by the ''SLC29A4'' gene. It is known alternatively as the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-4 (hENT4). It was disc ...

) #

zinc transporter Zinc transporter proteins (Zrt), or simply zinc transporters, are membrane transport proteins of the solute carrier family which control the membrane transport of zinc and regulate its intracellular and cytoplasmic concentrations. They include two ...

#* ( SLC30A1, SLC30A2, SLC30A3, SLC30A4, SLC30A5, SLC30A6,

SLC30A7 Zinc transporter 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC30A7'' gene. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. Most members o ...

, SLC30A8, SLC30A9, SLC30A10) #

copper Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu (from Latin ) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orang ...

transporter #* ( SLC31A1,

SLC31A2 Probable low affinity copper uptake protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC31A2'' gene. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized int ...

) #

vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC32A1'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine uptake into synapt ...

#* ( SLC32A1) #

Acetyl-CoA Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Its main function is to deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidation, o ...

transporter #* ( SLC33A1) #

type II Na+-phosphate cotransporter Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...

#* ( SLC34A1, SLC34A2, SLC34A3) # nucleotide-sugar transporter #* subfamily A ( SLC35A1,

SLC35A2 UDP-galactose translocator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC35A2'' gene. Somatic loss-of-function variants in the SLC35A2 gene were originally associated with focal epilepsy with radiographically nonlesional epilepsy. Later it w ...

, SLC35A3, SLC35A4, SLC35A5) #* subfamily B ( SLC35B1, SLC35B2, SLC35B3,

SLC35B4 UDP-xylose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transporter is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC35B4'' gene. See also * Solute carrier family References Further reading

* * * * * * * * * * Solute carrier family {{membrane-prot ...

) #* subfamily C (

SLC35C1 GDP-fucose transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC35C1'' gene. Defects can be associated with Congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIc. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane t ...

SLC35C2 Solute carrier family 35 member C2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC35C2'' gene. Oxygenation levels play an important role in the regulation of cellular invasiveness which occurs during early implantation when the trophoblast c ...

) #* subfamily D ( SLC35D1, SLC35D2, SLC35D3) #* subfamily E (SLC35E1, SLC35E2A, SLC35E2B, SLC35E3, SLC35E4) #* subfamily F (

SLC35F1 Solute carrier family 35, member F1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC35F1'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in ...

, SLC35F2, SLC35F3, SLC35F4, SLC35F5) #* subfamily G ( SLC35G1, SLC35G3, SLC35G4, SLC35G5, SLC35G6) # proton-coupled amino acid transporter #* ( SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A3, SLC36A4) # sugar-phosphate/phosphate exchanger #* (

SLC37A1 Glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC37A1 gene. SLC37A1 locates to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and is a glucose 6-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter, transporting glucose ...

SLC37A2 Glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC37A2 gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in ...

, SLC37A3,

SLC37A4 Glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A4, also known as glucose-6-phosphate translocase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC37A4'' gene. It consists of three subunits, each of which are vital components of the multi-enzyme Glucose-6- ...

) # System A & N, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter #* ( SLC38A1, SLC38A2,

SLC38A3 Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC38A3'' gene. See also * Solute carrier family References Further reading

* * * * * * * * * * * * * Solute carrier family {{membrane-p ...

, SLC38A4, SLC38A5, SLC38A6, SLC38A7, SLC38A8, SLC38A9,

SLC38A10 Putative sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 10, also known as solute carrier family 38 member 10, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC38A10'' gene. Cellular localization Cellular localization study of SLC38A10 protein ...

, SLC38A11) #

metal ion transporter Zinc transporter proteins (Zrt), or simply zinc transporters, are membrane transport proteins of the solute carrier family which control the membrane transport of zinc and regulate its intracellular and cytoplasmic concentrations. They include two m ...

#* (

SLC39A1 Zinc transporter ZIP1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC39A1'' gene. The protein ZIP1 is responsible for the active transport of zinc into prostate cells. In many prostate cancers SLC39A1 is silenced causing prostate cancer cells ...

SLC39A2 Zinc transporter ZIP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC39A2'' gene. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. Most member ...

SLC39A3 Zinc transporter ZIP3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC39A3'' gene. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. Most memb ...

SLC39A4 Zinc transporter ZIP4 is a transmembrane protein which in humans is encoded by the ''SLC39A4'' gene. It is associated with acrodermatitis enteropathica. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport pro ...

, SLC39A5,

SLC39A6 Zinc transporter ZIP6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC39A6'' gene. Zinc is an essential cofactor for hundreds of enzymes. It is involved in protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as in the control of ...

SLC39A7 Zinc transporter SLC39A7 (ZIP7), also known as solute carrier family 39 member 7, is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC39A7'' gene. It belongs to the ZIP family, which consists of 14 proteins that transport zinc into t ...

SLC39A8 Zinc transporter ZIP8 is a cation/bicarbonate symporter protein which in humans is encoded by the ''SLC39A8'' gene. Function This transmembrane protein is responsible for the influx of zinc, manganese, iron, and cadmium. ZIP8 is distributed ...

SLC39A9 Zinc transporter ZIP9, also known as Zrt- and Irt-like protein 9 (ZIP9) and solute carrier family 39 member 9, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC39A9'' gene. This protein is the 9th member out of 14 ZIP family proteins, which is ...

, SLC39A10, SLC39A11, SLC39A12, SLC39A13, SLC39A14) #

basolateral iron transporter The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extrac ...

#* (

SLC40A1 Ferroportin-1, also known as solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1) or iron-regulated transporter 1 (IREG1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC40A1'' gene. Ferroportin is a transmembrane protein that transports iron from the ...

) #

MgtE-like magnesium transporter Magnesium transporters E (MgtE) are a family of transmembrane eubacterial MgtE magnesium transporters. Related regions are found also in archaeal and eukaryotic proteins. They have sizes that vary considerably from 311 residues for the ''Methanoco ...

#* (

SLC41A1 SLC41A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene SLC41A1. It is homologous to the prokaryotic Mg++ transfer protein MgtE Mutations in this gene have been associated to Nephronophthisis Nephronophthisis is a genetic disorder of the kid ...

, SLC41A2, SLC41A3) #

Ammonia transporter Ammonia transportersTC# 1.A.11 are structurally related membrane transport proteins called Amt proteins (ammonia transporters) in bacteria and plants, methylammonium/ammonium permeases (MEPs) in yeast, or Rhesus (Rh) proteins in chordates. In huma ...

#* ( RHAG(SLC42A1), RHBG(SLC42A2), RHCG(SLC42A3)) # Na+-independent, system-L like amino acid transporter #* (

SLC43A1 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC43A1'' gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequen ...

, SLC43A2, SLC43A3) # Choline-like transporter #* (

SLC44A1 Choline transporter-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC44A1'' gene. Papillary glioneuronal tumors characteristically exhibit a gene fusion between ''SLC44A1'' and ''PRKCA''. Loss of function mutations have been imp ...

, SLC44A2, SLC44A3, SLC44A4, SLC44A5) #

Putative sugar transporter {{Short pages monitor