The mile run (1,760

yard The yard (symbol: yd) is an English units, English unit of length in both the British imperial units, imperial and US United States customary units, customary systems of measurement equalling 3 foot (unit), feet or 36 inches. Sinc ...

s, 5,280

feet The foot (: feet) is an anatomical structure found in many vertebrates. It is the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. In many animals with feet, the foot is an organ at the terminal part of the leg made up of ...

, or exactly 1,609.344

metre The metre (or meter in US spelling; symbol: m) is the base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI). Since 2019, the metre has been defined as the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of of ...

s) is a middle-distance foot race. The history of the

mile The mile, sometimes the international mile or statute mile to distinguish it from other miles, is a imperial unit, British imperial unit and United States customary unit of length; both are based on the older English unit of Unit of length, le ...

run event began in

England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...

, where it was used as a distance for gambling races. It survived

track and field Track and field (or athletics in British English) is a sport that includes Competition#Sports, athletic contests based on running, jumping, and throwing skills. The name used in North America is derived from where the sport takes place, a ru ...

's switch to metric distances in the 1900s and retained its popularity, with the chase for the four-minute mile in the 1950s a high point for the race. In spite of the roughly equivalent

1500 metres The 1500 metres or 1500-metre run is the foremost middle distance track event in athletics. The distance has been contested at the Summer Olympics since 1896 and the World Championships in Athletics since 1983. It is equivalent to 1.5 kilomet ...

race, which is used instead of the mile at the

World Championships A world championship is generally an international competition open to elite competitors from around the world, representing their nations, and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport, game ...

and

Olympic Games The modern Olympic Games (Olympics; ) are the world's preeminent international Olympic sports, sporting events. They feature summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a Multi-s ...

and is sometimes referred as the foremost middle-distance track event in athletics, the mile run is present in all fields of

athletics Athletics may refer to: Sports * Sport of athletics, a collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking ** Track and field, a sub-category of the above sport * Athletics (physical culture), competitio ...

, and since 1976, it is the only imperial distance

World Athletics World Athletics, formerly known as the International Amateur Athletic Federation and International Association of Athletics Federations and formerly abbreviated as the IAAF, is the international sports governing body, governing body for the sport ...

has on its books for official

world records A world record is usually the best global and most important performance that is ever recorded and officially verified in a specific skill, sport, or other kind of activity. The book ''Guinness World Records'' and other world records organizatio ...

. Although the mile is not featured at any major championships, the Wanamaker Mile,

Dream Mile The Dream Mile may refer to the annual Diamond League race in Oslo at Bislett Stadium, or several historic individual races featuring top middle-distance runners. Dream Mile (Bislett) The Dream Mile is an annual mile race run at Bislett Stadium, ...

Emsley Carr Mile The Emsley Carr Mile is an annual invitational athletics running event held in the United Kingdom over one mile for men. The race was won in 2024 by the Australian athlete Olli Hoare. History The race was inaugurated in 1953 by Sir William Ca ...

and Bowerman Mile races are among the foremost annual middle-distance races. The current mile world record holders are

Hicham El Guerrouj Hicham El Guerrouj (; ; born 14 September 1974) is a retired Moroccan middle-distance runner. El Guerrouj is the current world record holder for the 1500 metres and mile, and the former world record holder in the 2000 metres. He is the only m ...

Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...

with a time of 3:43.13 and

Faith Kipyegon Faith Chepngetich Kipyegon (born 10 January 1994) is a Kenyan Middle-distance running, middle and Long-distance running, long distance runner. Kipyegon is the current List of world records in athletics, world record holder for the 1500 metres, 1 ...

Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. ...

with the Women's record of 4:07.64. Despite being only 109.344 metres longer, the mile is distinctly different from its much more common 1500 metres counterpart. World record holder Hicham El Guerrouj considers the mile to be his more challenging event. Each lap during El Guerrouj's world record run averaged 55.46 seconds per 400 m. Along with El Guerrouj, only three other men in history have broken the 3:44 barrier in the mile;

Noah Ngeny Noah Kiprono Ngeny (born 2 November 1978) is a Kenyan former athlete, Olympic gold medalist at 1500 m at the 2000 Summer Olympics, and world record holder in the 1000 m. He also ran the second-fastest mile ever. Career Noah was born in the ...

(in the same race as El Guerrouj),

Jakob Ingebrigtsen Jakob Asserson Ingebrigtsen (born 19 September 2000) is a Norwegian Middle-distance running, middle- and Long-distance running, long-distance runner who is the world record holder in the short track 1500 metres, short track Mile run, mile, 2000 ...

, and Yared Nuguse.

History

Although a

statute mile The mile, sometimes the international mile or statute mile to distinguish it from other miles, is a British imperial unit and United States customary unit of length; both are based on the older English unit of length equal to 5,280 English ...

today is equal to a length of 5,280 feet, the distance of the English mile gained its current definition of 1,760 yards through a statute of the

Parliament of England The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England from the 13th century until 1707 when it was replaced by the Parliament of Great Britain. Parliament evolved from the Great Council of England, great council of Lords Spi ...

in 1593. Thus, the history of the mile run began in

and it initially found usage within the wagered running contests of the 18th and 19th century. Such contests would attract large numbers of spectators and gamblers – so many that the activity became a

professional A professional is a member of a profession or any person who work (human activity), works in a specified professional activity. The term also describes the standards of education and training that prepare members of the profession with the partic ...

one for its more-established participants.Bryant, John (2005). ''3:59.4: The Quest to Break the 4 Minute Mile''. Random House. . The mile run was at the heart of the divide between professional and

amateur sports Amateur sports are sports in which participants engage largely or entirely without remuneration. The distinction is made between amateur sporting participants and professional sports, professional sporting participants, who are paid for the time t ...

in the late 19th century, as running was beginning to gain popularity in the sports world. Separate

world record A world record is usually the best global and most important performance that is ever recorded and officially verified in a specific skill, sport, or other kind of activity. The book ''Guinness World Records'' and other world records organizatio ...

categories were kept for amateurs and professionals, with professional runners providing the faster times. High-profile contests between Britons William Cummings and Walter George brought much publicity to the sport, as did George's races against the American Lon Myers. The mile run was also one of the foremost events at the amateur

AAA Championships The AAA Championships was an annual track and field competition organised by the Amateur Athletic Association of England. It was the foremost domestic athletics event in the United Kingdom during its lifetime, despite the existence of the offi ...

. Although the spotlight was shining on the running scene, the categories remained distinct but the respective rise in amateurism and decline of the professional sector saw the division become irrelevant in the 20th century. Bannister and Landy

The mile run continued to be a popular distance in spite of the

metrication Metrication or metrification is the act or process of converting to the metric system of measurement. All over the world, countries have transitioned from local and traditional Unit of measurement, units of measurement to the metric system. This ...

and

in general, replacing the imperial distance for the metric mile (1500 meters). It was the

– sometimes referred to as the metric mile – which was featured on the Olympic athletics programme. The

International Amateur Athletics Federation World Athletics, formerly known as the International Amateur Athletic Federation and International Association of Athletics Federations and formerly abbreviated as the IAAF, is the international governing body for the sport of athletics, covering ...

formed in 1912 and confirmed the first officially recognised world record in the mile the following year (4:14.4 minutes run by

John Paul Jones John Paul Jones (born John Paul; July 6, 1747 – July 18, 1792) was a Scottish-born naval officer who served in the Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War. Often referred to as the "Father of the American Navy", Jones is regard ...

).12th IAAF World Championships In Athletics: IAAF Statistics Handbook
(p. 546, 549–50).

IAAF World Athletics, formerly known as the International Amateur Athletic Federation and International Association of Athletics Federations and formerly abbreviated as the IAAF, is the international sports governing body, governing body for the sport ...

. Retrieved on 12 June 2011. The fact that the mile run was the only imperial distance to retain its official world record status after 1976 reflects its continued popularity in the international (and principally metric) era. Decades later, the distance remains widespread, and is often used as a benchmark for distance running performance. The top men's middle-distance runners continued to compete in the mile run in the first half of the 1900s –

Paavo Nurmi Paavo Johannes Nurmi (; 13 June 1897 – 2 October 1973) was a Finland, Finnish middle-distance running, middle-distance and long-distance running, long-distance runner. He was called the "Flying Finn" because he dominated distance running in th ...

Jack Lovelock John Edward Lovelock (5 January 1910 – 28 December 1949) was a New Zealand athlete who became the world 1500m and mile record holder and 1936 Olympic champion in the 1500 metres. Early life Lovelock was born in the town of Crushington ...

and

Sydney Wooderson Sydney Charles Wooderson MBE (30 August 1914 – 21 December 2006), dubbed "The Mighty Atom", was an English athlete whose peak career was in the 1930s and 1940s. He set the world mile record of 4:06.4 at London’s Motspur Park on 28 August ...

were all world record holders over the distance. In the 1940s, Swedish runners

Gunder Hägg Gunder Hägg (31 December 1918 – 27 November 2004)Gunder Hägg passes away
IAAF (28 N ...

and

Arne Andersson Arne Andersson (27 October 1917 – 1 April 2009) was a Swedish middle distance runner who became famous for his rivalry with his compatriot Gunder Hägg in the 1940s. Andersson set a 1500 metres world record in Gothenburg in August 1943 with ...

pushed times into a new territory, as they set three world records each during their rivalry over the decade.Mile - Introduction

. Retrieved on 12 June 2011. The goal of completing a sub- four-minute mile sparked further interest in the distance in the 1950s and to this day, many competitive runners are still chasing the ambitious barrier. Englishman

Roger Bannister Sir Roger Gilbert Bannister (23 March 1929 – 3 March 2018) was an English neurologist and middle-distance athlete who ran the first sub- 4-minute mile. At the 1952 Olympics in Helsinki, Bannister set a British record in the 1500 metres and ...

became the first person to achieve the feat in May 1954 and his effort, conducted with the help of

Chris Brasher Christopher William Brasher CBE (21 August 1928 – 28 February 2003) was a British track and field athlete, Olympic champion, sports journalist and co-founder of the London Marathon. Early life and education Born in Georgetown, British Gui ...

and Chris Chataway, was a key moment in the rise of the use of

pacemakers A pacemaker, also known as an artificial cardiac pacemaker, is an implanted medical device that generates electrical pulses delivered by electrodes to one or more of the chambers of the heart. Each pulse causes the targeted chamber(s) to co ...

at the top level of the sport – an aspect which is now commonplace at non-championship middle and long-distance races. In fact, pacemakers, if performing effectively, can earn generous sums of money for their performances and accurate pacing duties. The 1960s saw American

Jim Ryun James Ronald Ryun (born April 29, 1947) is an American former Republican Party (United States), Republican politician and Olympic track and field athlete, who at his peak was widely considered the world's top middle-distance runner. He won a si ...

set world records near the 3:50-minute mark and his achievements popularised interval workout techniques which are still heavily used today, especially for collegiate distance runners. Jim Ryun was the first person to run a sub-four minute mile in high school. From this period onwards, African runners began to emerge, breaking the largely white,

Western Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that id ...

dominance of the distance; Kenya's Kip Keino won the mile at the

1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games The 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games were held in Kingston, Jamaica, from 4 to 13 August 1966. This was the first time that the Games had been held outside the so-called White Dominions. The event was followed by the 1966 Commonweal ...

(which was among the last mile races to be held at a major

multi-sport event A multi-sport event is an organized sporting event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports among organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation-states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of intern ...

as of 2021).

Filbert Bayi Filbert Bayi Sanka (born June 23, 1953) is a Tanzanian former middle-distance runner who competed throughout the 1970s. He set the world records for 1500 metres in 1974 and the mile in 1975. His world record in the 1500 m was also the Com ...

of Tanzania became Africa's first world record holder over the distance in 1975, although New Zealander John Walker further broke Bayi's record a few months later to become the first man under 3:50 minutes for the event. The 1980s were highlighted by the rivalry between British runners

Sebastian Coe Sebastian Newbold Coe, Baron Coe, (born 29 September 1956), often referred to as Seb Coe, is a British sports administrator, former politician and retired track and field athlete. As a middle-distance runner, Coe won four Olympic medals, incl ...

and

Steve Ovett Stephen Michael James Ovett, (; born 9 October 1955) is a retired British track athlete. A middle-distance runner, he was the gold medalist in the 800 metres at the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow. Ovett set five world records for 1500 metre ...

, who improved the record five times between them, including two records at the Oslo Dream Mile race.

Noureddine Morceli Noureddine Morceli (, ''Nūr ud-Dīn Mursilī''; born February 28, 1970) is a retired Algerian middle-distance runner. The winner of the 1500 metres at the 1996 Summer Olympics, Morceli won three straight gold medals at that distance at the Wor ...

brought the mile record back into African hands in 1993 and Morocco's

set the current record of 3:43.13, which has stood since 1999. Mile run contests remain a key feature of many annual track and field meetings, including recreational, high school, and collegiate meets. In the United States, particularly in many high school ( NFHS) competitions, the

1600 meters 1600 meters is a middle distance track and field running event that is slightly shorter than the more common mile run, and 100 meters longer than the much more frequent 1500m run. It is a standardized event in track meets conducted by the NFHS ...

is a substitute for the mile run. On the professional level, races such as the Wanamaker Mile at the

Millrose Games The Millrose Games are an annual indoor athletics (track & field) meet held each February in New York City. Among the world's most prestigious indoor track meets, the games started taking place at the Armory in Washington Heights in 2012, after ...

, the

at the

Bislett Games The Bislett Games is an annual track and field meeting at the Bislett Stadium in Oslo, Norway. Previously one of the IAAF Golden League events, it is now part of the Diamond League. History The first international athletics meeting at Bislett ...

, the British

, and the Bowerman Mile at the

Prefontaine Classic The Prefontaine Classic is a track and field meet held at Hayward Field on the campus of the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon, United States. Organized by the Oregon Track Club, it was previously one of the IAAF Grand Prix events, and ...

are among the most prominent. Aside from track races, mile races are also occasionally contested in

cross country running Cross country running is a sport in which teams and individuals run a race on open-air courses over natural terrain such as dirt or grass. The course, typically long, may include surfaces of grass and soil, earth, pass through woodlands and ope ...

, and mile runs

on the road ''On the Road'' is a 1957 novel by American writer Jack Kerouac, based on the travels of Kerouac and his friends across the United States. It is considered a defining work of the postwar Beat and Counterculture generations, with its protagoni ...

include the

Fifth Avenue Mile The Fifth Avenue Mile is an annual road race on Fifth Avenue in New York City, United States. The race begins at 80th Street and heads twenty blocks south to 60th Street. First held on September 26, 1981, the race is currently organized by ...

New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...

. However, in high school and collegiate cross country running, races are often measured in kilometers, with 5K and 8K being the most common. In 2019,

President and former athlete

organized the World Athletics Heritage Mile Night in

Monaco Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco, is a Sovereign state, sovereign city-state and European microstates, microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Regions of Italy, Italian region of Liguria, in Western Europe, ...

, which brought together eleven mile world record holders, either indoors or outdoors: Ron Delany,

Michel Jazy Michel Jazy (13 June 1936 – 1 February 2024) was a French middle-distance runner and long-distance runner. He won the 1500 metres silver medal at the 1960 Summer Olympics, as well as two golds (in 1962 and 1966) and one silver (in 1966) at t ...

, Paola Pigni-Cacchi, John Walker,

Eamonn Coghlan Eamonn Christopher Coghlan (born 21 November 1952) is an Irish former track and field athlete who specialised in middle distance track events and the 5,000 metres. He is a three-time Olympian, held the world indoor mile record and was world c ...

, Coe,

Steve Cram Stephen Cram, (born 14 October 1960) is a British retired track and field athlete. Along with fellow Britons Sebastian Coe and Steve Ovett, he was one of the world's dominant middle-distance runners during the 1980s. Nicknamed "The Jarrow Arro ...

, and

. The event posthumously honored

and Diane Leather Charles, who were the first to break the four minute and five minute mile barriers, for men and women respectively. In February 2025, it was announced that the mile run would be revived at the

2026 Commonwealth Games The 2026 Commonwealth Games (), officially known as the XXIII Commonwealth Games and Glasgow 2026 (; ), is a planned multi-sport event scheduled from 23 July to 2 August 2026, to be hosted in Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland, for members ...

, replacing the 1500 metres. On the men's side, the fastest mile run since Hicham El Guerrouj's 3:43.13 in 1999 was Jakob Ingebrigtsen's 3:43.73 at the 2023 Bowerman Mile at the

& Diamond League Final.

Records

Outdoor

Indoor

Road

All-time top 25

Men (outdoor)

* Correct as of May 2024. {, {, class="wikitable sortable" ! Ath.# !! Perf.# !! Time !! Athlete !! Nation !! Date !! Place !! class="unsortable" , , -bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align=center, 1 , align=center, 1 , 3:43.13 ,

, , 7 July 1999 ,

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

, , , -bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align=center, 2 , align=center, 2 , 3:43.40 ,

, , 7 July 1999 ,

, , , -bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align=center, 3 , align=center, 3 , 3:43.73 ,

, , 16 September 2023 ,

Eugene Eugene may refer to: People and fictional characters * Eugene (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Gene Eugene, stage name of Canadian born actor, record producer, engineer, composer and musi ...

, , , -bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align=center, 4 , align=center, 4 , 3:43.97 , Yared Nuguse , , 16 September 2023 ,

, , , -bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align=center, 5 , align=center, 5 , 3:44.39 , ,

, , , , 5 September 1993 , ,

Rieti Rieti (; , Sabino: ) is a town and ''comune'' in Lazio, central Italy, with a population of 47,700. It is the administrative seat of the province of Rieti and see of the diocese of Rieti, as well as the modern capital of the Sabina region. T ...

, , , - , rowspan="4" , , align=center, 6 , 3:44.60 , ''El Guerrouj #2'' , rowspan="4" , , 16 July 1998 ,

Nice Nice ( ; ) is a city in and the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of nearly one million Oslo Oslo ( or ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of 1,064,235 in 2022 ...

, , - , align=center, 8 , 3:44.95 , ''El Guerrouj #4'' , 29 June 2001 ,

, , - , align=center, 9 , 3:45.19 , ''Morceli #2'' , 16 August 1995 ,

Zürich Zurich (; ) is the list of cities in Switzerland, largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is in north-central Switzerland, at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich. , the municipality had 448,664 inhabitants. The ...

, , -bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 6 , align="center" , 10 , 3:45.34 , , Josh Kerr, , , , 25 May 2024 , ,

, , , - , rowspan=5, , align="center" , 11 , 3:45.60 , , ''Ingebrigtsen #2'' , rowspan=5, , 25 May 2024 , ,

, , , - , align=center, 12 , 3:45.64 , ''El Guerrouj #5'' , 26 August 1997 ,

Berlin Berlin ( ; ) is the Capital of Germany, capital and largest city of Germany, by both area and List of cities in Germany by population, population. With 3.7 million inhabitants, it has the List of cities in the European Union by population withi ...

, , - , align=center, 13 , 3:45.96 , ''El Guerrouj #6'' , 5 August 2000 ,

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

, , - , align="center" , 14 , 3:46.22 , , ''Nuguse #2'' , 25 May 2024 , ,

, , , - , align=center, 15 , 3:46.24 , ''El Guerrouj #7'' , 28 July 2000 ,

Oslo Oslo ( or ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of 1,064,235 in 2022 ...

, , -bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 7 , align="center" , 16 , 3:46.32 , ,

, , , , 27 July 1985 , ,

, , , -bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 8 , align="center" , 17 , 3:46.38 ,

Daniel Komen Daniel Kipngetich Komen (born 17 May 1976) Komen is rumoured to be three years older than officially recognised. is a Kenyan middle- and long-distance runner. Remembered for his rivalry with Haile Gebrselassie, his most notable achievements ...

, , 26 August 1997 ,

, , , -bgcolor="" , align="center" , , align="center" , 18 , 3:46.46 , , ''Ingebrigtsen #3'' , , 16 June 2022 ,

, , -bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 9 , align="center" , 19 , 3:46.70 , ,

Vénuste Niyongabo Vénuste Niyongabo (born December 9, 1973) is a Burundian former long and middle-distance runner. In 1996, he became the first Olympic medalist from Burundi by winning the 5000 metres at the 1996 Summer Olympics. He had only competed twice befor ...

, , , 26 August 1997 ,

, , , -bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 10 , align="center" , 20 , 3:46.76 , ,

Saïd Aouita Saïd Aouita (; born November 2, 1959) is a former Moroccan track and field athlete. He is the only athlete in history to have won a medal in each of the 800 meters and 5000 meters at the Olympic games. He won the 5000 meters at the 1984 Summer Oly ...

, , , , 2 July 1987 , ,

Helsinki Helsinki () is the Capital city, capital and most populous List of cities and towns in Finland, city in Finland. It is on the shore of the Gulf of Finland and is the seat of southern Finland's Uusimaa region. About people live in the municipali ...

, , , - , , align=center, 21 , 3:46.78 , ''Morceli #3'' , , 27 August 1993 ,

, , -bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 11 , align="center" , 22 , 3:46.91 , , Alan Webb, , , , 21 July 2007 , ,

Brasschaat Brasschaat () is a municipality located in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium, and in the Flemish province of Antwerp. The municipality only comprises the town of Brasschaat proper. In November 2006, Brasschaat won the LivCom-Award 20 ...

, , , - , rowspan="3" , , align=center, 23 , 3:46.92 , ''Aouita #2'' , rowspan="3" , , 21 August 1985 ,

, , - , align=center, 24 , 3:47.10 , ''El Guerrouj #8'' , 7 August 1999 ,

, , - , align=center, 25 , 3:47.24 , ''Ingebrigtsen #4'' , 21 August 2021 ,

, , -bgcolor=#CCFFCC , align="center" , 12 , rowspan="14" align="center" , , 3:47.28 , ,

Bernard Lagat Bernard Kipchirchir Lagat (born December 12, 1974) is a Kenyan-American former Middle-distance running, middle and long-distance running, long-distance runner. Lagat was born in Kapsabet, Kenya. Prior to his List of eligibility transfers in at ...

, , , 29 June 2001 , ,

, , , -bgcolor=#CCFFCC , align="center" , 13 , 3:47.32 ,

Ayanleh Souleiman Ayanleh Souleiman (born 3 December 1992), also known as ''Hassan Ayanleh'' (), is a Djiboutian middle-distance runner who specialises in the 1500 metres. He is the Djiboutian record holder for the distance, with his best of 3:29.58 minutes, a ...

, , 31 May 2014 ,

, , -bgcolor=#CCFFCC , align="center" , 14 , 3:47.33 , ,

, , , , 28 August 1981 , ,

Brussels Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) is a Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium#Regions, region of Belgium comprising #Municipalit ...

, , , -bgcolor=#CCFFCC , align="center" , 15 , 3:47.48 , Oliver Hoare , , 16 June 2022 ,

, , -bgcolor=#CCFFCC , rowspan="2" align="center" , 16 , rowspan="2" , 3:47.65 , ,

Laban Rotich Laban Rotich (born 20 January 1969 in Mosoriot) is a retired Kenyan runner who specialized in the 1500 metres The 1500 metres or 1500-metre run is the foremost middle distance track event in athletics. The distance has been contested at the ...

, , , , 4 July 1997 , ,

, , , -bgcolor=#CCFFCC , George Mills , , , 16 September 2023 ,

, , -bgcolor=#CCFFCC , rowspan="2" align="center" , 18 , rowspan="2" , 3:47.69 , , Steve Scott, , , , 7 July 1982 ,

, , -bgcolor=#CCFFCC , Mario García , , , 16 September 2023 ,

, , -bgcolor=#CCFFCC , align="center" , 20 , , 3:47.74 , , Neil Gourley , , , , 25 May 2024 , ,

, , , -bgcolor=#CCFFCC , align="center" , 21, , 3:47.79 , , José Luis González, , , , 27 July 1985 , ,

, , , -bgcolor=#CCFFCC , align="center" , 22 , , 3:47.83 , ,

Jake Wightman Jake Wightman (born 11 July 1994) is a British Middle-distance running, middle-distance runner who primarily competes in the 1500 metres. He won the gold medal at the 2022 World Athletics Championships, 2022 World Championships, the first global ...

, , , , 25 May 2024 , ,

, , , -bgcolor=#CCFFCC , rowspan="2" align="center" , 23 , rowspan="2" , 3:47.88 , ,

John Kibowen John Kipkemboi Kibowen (born 21 April 1969 in Changach, southern Keiyo District), is a Kenyan former long-distance runner who specialized in the 5000 metres and cross-country running. Kibowen won the gold medal in the short race at the 1998 IAA ...

, , , , 4 July 1997 ,

, , -bgcolor=#CCFFCC , Silas Kiplagat, , , 31 May 2014 ,

, , -bgcolor=#CCFFCC , align="center" , 25 , , 3:47.94 ,

William Chirchir William Chirchir (born 6 February 1979, in Bomet) is a Kenyan runner who specializes in the 1500 metres. He is a former holder of the world junior record over the distance with 3:33.24 minutes from 1998. Achievements Personal bests *800 metres ...

, , , 28 July 2000 , ,

, ,

Women (outdoor)

* Correct as of July 2023. {, {, class="wikitable sortable" ! Ath.# !! Perf.# !! Time !! Athlete !! Nation !! Date !! Place !! class="unsortable" , , -bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 1 , align="center" , 1 , 4:07.64 ,

, , 21 July 2023 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 2 , align="center" , 2 , 4:12.33 ,

Sifan Hassan Sifan Hassan (; born January 1993 in Ethiopia) is a Dutch middle- and long-distance runner. She is most recognized for her versatility in running championship and world-leading performances in widely disparate distances. She completed an unpr ...

, , 12 July 2019 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 3 , align="center" , 3 , 4:12.56 , ,

Svetlana Masterkova Svetlana Aleksandrovna Masterkova (; born 17 January 1968) is a Russian former middle-distance runner and former women's world record holder for the mile and the current 1000 metres world record. At the 1996 Summer Olympics, she won the gold m ...

, , , , 14 August 1996 , ,

, , , -bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align=center, 4 , align=center, 4 , 4:14.30 , Genzebe Dibaba , , 6 September 2016 ,

Rovereto Rovereto (; "wood of sessile oaks"; locally: ''Roveredo'') is a city and ''comune'' in Trentino in northern Italy, located in the Vallagarina valley of the Adige River. History Rovereto was an ancient fortress town standing at the fronti ...

, , - , rowspan="2" , , align=center, 5 , 4:14.71 , ''Hassan #2'' , rowspan="2" , , 22 July 2018 ,

, , - , align=center, 6 , 4:14.74 , ''Hassan #3'' , 3 September 2021 ,

, , -bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align=center, 5 , align=center, 7 , 4:14.58 ,

Ciara Mageean Ciara Mageean ( ; born 12 March 1992) is a middle-distance runner from Portaferry in Northern Ireland who specialises in the 1500 metres. She is the 2024 European Athletics Championships gold medalist at the distance, the first individual Irish ...

, , 21 July 2023 ,

, , -bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align=center, 6 , align=center, 8 , 4:14.79 , Freweyni Hailu , , 21 July 2023 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 7 , align="center" , 9 , 4:15.24 , ,

Laura Muir Laura Muir (; born 9 May 1993) is a Scottish Middle-distance running, middle- and Long-distance running, long-distance runner. She is the Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics, 2020 Tokyo Olympic silver medallist in the 1500 metres, having prev ...

, , , , 21 July 2023 , ,

, , , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 8 , align="center" , 10 , 4:15.34 , , Jessica Hull, , , , 21 July 2023 , ,

, , , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 9 , align="center" , 11 , 4:15.61 , , Paula Ivan , , , , 10 July 1989 , ,

Nice Nice ( ; ) is a city in and the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of nearly one million Natalya Artyomova Natalya Petrovna Artyomova (; born January 5, 1963, in Rostov-on-Don) is a retired middle-distance runner from Russia, who was one of the leading athletes in the women's 1500 metres and 3000 metres during the 1980s. On July 4, 1992, traces of a ba ...

, , , , 5 August 1984 , ,

Leningrad Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

, , , - , , align="center" , 13 , 4:16.05 , ''Dibaba #2'' , , 6 July 2017 ,

Lausanne Lausanne ( , ; ; ) is the capital and largest List of towns in Switzerland, city of the Swiss French-speaking Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Vaud, in Switzerland. It is a hilly city situated on the shores of Lake Geneva, about halfway bet ...

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 11 , align="center" , 14 , 4:16.14 , Gudaf Tsegay , , 22 July 2018 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 12 , align="center" , 15 , 4:16.15 , Hellen Obiri , , 22 July 2018 ,

, , - , , align="center" , 16 , 4:16.15 , ''Obiri #2'' , , 9 July 2017 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 13 , align="center" , 17 , 4:16.35 , , Nikki Hiltz, , , , 21 July 2023 , ,

, , , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 14 , align="center" , 18 , 4:16.38 , , Melissa Courtney-Bryant , , , , 21 July 2023 , ,

, , , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 15 , align="center" , 19 , 4:16.47 , , Elise Cranny , , , , 21 July 2023 , ,

, , , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 16 , align="center" , 20 , , 4:16.71 , ,

Mary Slaney Mary Teresa Slaney (formerly Tabb, née Decker, born August 4, 1958) is an American retired middle-distance and long-distance runner. During her career, she won gold medals in the 1500 meters and 3000 meters at the 1983 World Championships an ...

, , , , 21 August 1985 , ,

, , - , rowspan="2" , , align="center" , 20 , 4:16.71 , ''Kipyegon #2'' , , 11 September 2015 ,

, , - , align="center" , 22 , 4:17.00 , ''Artyomova #2'' , , 20 September 1991 ,

Barcelona Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 17 , align="center" , 23 , 4:17.13 , Birke Haylom , , 15 June 2023 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 18 , align="center" , 24 , 4:17.25 , , Sonia O'Sullivan, , , , 22 July 1994 , ,

, , , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 19 , align="center" , 25 , 4:17.30 , Jenny Simpson , , 22 July 2018 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 20 , rowspan="6" align="center" , , 4:17.33 , , Maricica Puica, , , , 21 August 1985 , ,

, , , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 21, , 4:17.57, ,

Zola Budd Zola Budd (also known as Zola Pieterse; born 26 May 1966) is a South African Middle-distance running, middle-distance and Long-distance running, long-distance runner. She competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics, 1984 Olympic Games for Great Britain ...

, , , , 21 August 1985, ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 22 , 4:17.60 , Laura Weightman , , 12 July 2019 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 23 , 4:17.75 , ,

Maryam Yusuf Jamal Maryam Yusuf Jamal (; ) (born Zenebech Tola) (born 16 September 1984) is an Ethiopian-born Bahraini middle-distance runner. She is the first Bahraini athlete to win an Olympic medal, a gold (originally bronze, but later upgraded after two doping ...

, , , , 14 September 2007 , ,

, , , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 24 , 4:17.87 ,

Gabriela DeBues-Stafford Gabriela Maria DeBues-Stafford (née Stafford, born 13 September 1995) is a Canadian middle- and long-distance runner. A two-time Olympian, she placed fifth in the women's 1500 metres at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. DeBues-Stafford holds the NACA ...

, , 12 July 2019 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 25 , 4:18.11 ,

Cory McGee Cory Ann McGee (born May 29, 1992) is an American professional Middle distance running, middle distance runner and Olympian from Pass Christian, Mississippi. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games she finished 12th in the 1500 metres, 1500-meters. She ...

, , 15 June 2023 ,

Men (indoor)

* Correct as of March 2025. {, class="wikitable sortable" !Ath.# !Perf.# !Time !Athlete !Nation !Date !Place ! class="unsortable" , , -bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 1 , align="center" , 1 , 3:45.14 ,

, , 13 February 2025 ,

Liévin Liévin (; ; ) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France. The inhabitants are called ''Liévinois'' in French. Overview The town of Liévin is an old mining area of Pas-de-Calais. Near Lens, this town is of modest size but ...

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 2 , align="center" , 2 , 3:46.63 , Yared Nuguse , , 8 February 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 3 , align="center" , 3 , 3:46.90 , Hobbs Kessler , , 8 February 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 4 , align="center" , 4 , 3:47.01 ,

Yomif Kejelcha Yomif Kejelcha Atomsa (born 1 August 1997) is an Ethiopian distance runner. He formerly held world records in the short track mile (3:47.01 from 2019 to 2025) and the half marathon (57:30 from 2024 to 2025). Yomif won the silver medal in the 1 ...

, , 3 March 2019 ,

Boston Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...

, , - , rowspan="2" , , align="center" , 5 , 3:47.22 , ''Nuguse #2'' , rowspan="2" , , 2 March 2025 ,

, , - , align="center" , 6 , 3:47.38 , , ''Nuguse #3'' , 11 February 2023 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 5 , align="center" , 7 , 3:47.48 , Cameron Myers , , 8 February 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 6 , align="center" , 8 , 3:47.56 , Azeddine Habz , , 8 February 2025 ,

, , - , align="center" , , align="center" , 9 , 3:47.83 , ''Nuguse #4'' , , 11 February 2024 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 7 , align="center" , 10 , 3:48.32 , Ethan Strand , , 1 February 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 8 , align="center" , 11 , 3:48.45 ,

, , 12 February 1997 ,

Ghent Ghent ( ; ; historically known as ''Gaunt'' in English) is a City status in Belgium, city and a Municipalities of Belgium, municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is the capital and largest city of the Provinces of Belgium, province ...

, , - , rowspan="2" , , align="center" , 12 , 3:48.46 , ''Kejelcha #2'' , rowspan="2" , , 9 February 2019 ,

, , - bgcolor="" , align="center" , 13 , 3:48.66 , ''Kessler'' #2 , 11 February 2024 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 9 , align="center" , 14 , 3:48.82 , Gary Martin , , 8 February 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 10 , align="center" , 15 , 3:48.87 , Josh Kerr , , 27 February 2022 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 11 , align="center" , 16 , 3:48.93 , George Mills , , 11 February 2024 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 12 , align="center" , 17 , 3:49.22 , Neil Gourley , , 8 February 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 13 , align="center" , 18 , 3:49.26 , Andrew Coscoran , , 8 February 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 14 , align="center" , 19 , 3:49.44 ,

Edward Cheserek Edward Cheserek (born 2 February 1994) is a Kenyan distance runner. He is a 17-time NCAA champion collegiate distance runner for the University of Oregon. Cheserek was the most highly recruited high school distance runner in the nation out of Sai ...

, , 9 February 2018 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 15 , align="center" , 20 , 3:49.45 , Robert Farken , , 1 February 2025 ,

, , - , align="center" , , align="center" , 21 , 3:49.46 , ''Gourley #2'' , , 11 February 2023 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 16 , align="center" , 22 , 3:49.62 , Adam Fogg , , 11 February 2024 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 17 , align="center" , 23 , 3:49.78 ,

, , 27 February 1983 ,

East Rutherford East Rutherford is a borough in Bergen County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is an inner-ring suburb of New York City, located west of Midtown Manhattan. As of the 2020 United States census, the borough's population was 10,022, an inc ...

, , - , align="center" , , align="center" , 24 , 3:49.85 , ''Fogg #2'' , , 1 February 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 18 , align="center" , 25 , 3:49.89 ,

, , 11 February 2005 , Fayetteville , , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 19 , rowspan="7" align="center" , , 3:49.98 , Johnny Gregorek , , 3 March 2019 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 20 , 3:50.17 , Cooper Teare , , 11 February 2022 ,

Chicago Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 21 , 3:50.35 ,

Cole Hocker Cole Hocker (born June 6, 2001) is an American middle-distance running, middle- and long-distance runner who specializes in the 1500 metres, 1500 meters. He won the gold medal in the event at the Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 1 ...

, , 11 February 2022 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 22 , 3:50.45 , Amos Bartelsmeyer , , 11 February 2023 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 23 , 3:50.46 , Anass Essayi , , 11 February 2023 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , rowspan="2" align="center" , 24 , rowspan="2" , 3:50.56 , Vincent Ciattei , , 2 March 2024 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , Matthew Centrowitz , , 20 February 2016 ,

Women (indoor)

* Correct as of March 2025. {, class="wikitable sortable" !Ath.# !Perf.# !Time !Athlete !Nation !Date !Place ! class="unsortable" , , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 1 , align="center" , 1 , 4:13.31 , Genzebe Dibaba , , 17 February 2016 ,

Stockholm Stockholm (; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, most populous city of Sweden, as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in the Nordic countries. Approximately ...

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 2 , align="center" , 2 , 4:16.16 , Gudaf Tsegay , , 8 February 2023 ,

Toruń Toruń is a city on the Vistula River in north-central Poland and a World Heritage Sites of Poland, UNESCO World Heritage Site. Its population was 196,935 as of December 2021. Previously, it was the capital of the Toruń Voivodeship (1975–199 ...

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 3 , align="center" , 3 , 4:16.41 , Elinor Purrier , , 11 February 2024 ,

, , - , align="center" , , align="center" , 4 , 4:16.85 , ''Purrier #2'' , , 8 February 2020 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 4 , align="center" , 5 , 4:17.01 , Heather MacLean , , 2 March 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 5 , align="center" , 6 , 4:17.14 , Doina Melinte , , 9 February 1990 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 6 , align="center" , 7 , 4:17.26 , Konstanze Klosterhalfen , , 8 February 2020 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 7 , align="center" , 8 , 4:17.36 , Freweyni Hailu , , 30 January 2024 ,

Ostrava Ostrava (; ; ) is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic and the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region. It has about 283,000 inhabitants. It lies from the border with Poland, at the confluences of four rivers: Oder, Opava (river), Opa ...

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 8 , align="center" , 9 , 4:17.88 , Jemma Reekie , , 8 February 2020 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 9 , align="center" , 10 , 4:18.75 ,

, , 16 February 2019 ,

Birmingham Birmingham ( ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands (county), West Midlands, within the wider West Midlands (region), West Midlands region, in England. It is the Lis ...

, , - , align="center" , , align="center" , 11 , 4:18.86 , ''Melinte #2'' , , 13 February 1988 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 10 , align="center" , 12 , 4:18.99 , Paula Ivan , , 10 February 1989 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 11 , align="center" , 13 , 4:19.03 , Jessica Hull , , 11 February 2024 ,

, , - , align="center" , , align="center" , 14 , 4:19.30 , ''Purrier #3'' , , 29 January 2022 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 12 , align="center" , 15 , 4:19.53 , Hirut Meshesha , , 30 January 2024 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 13 , align="center" , 16 , 4:19.73 ,

, , 8 February 2020 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 14 , align="center" , 17 , 4:19.89 ,

, , 11 February 2017 ,

, , - , rowspan="2" , , align="center" , 18 , 4:19.98 , ''Klosterhalfen #2'' , rowspan="2" , , 9 February 2019 ,

, , - , align="center" , 19 , 4:20.15 , ''Muir #2'' , 11 February 2023 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 15 , align="center" , 20 , 4:20.30 ,

Shelby Houlihan Shelby Houlihan (born February 8, 1993) is an American middle distance runner, Olympian and World Record holder in the 4x1500m relay. Houlihan competed in the 5000m final at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio, finishing 11th. She is a 12-time US Nati ...

, , 8 February 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 16 , align="center" , 21 , 4:20.5 , Mary Decker-Tabb , , 19 February 1982 ,

San Diego San Diego ( , ) is a city on the Pacific coast of Southern California, adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a population of over 1.4 million, it is the List of United States cities by population, eighth-most populous city in t ...

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 17 , align="center" , 22 , 4:20.61 ,

Susan Lokayo Ejore Susan Ejore-Sanders (nee Ejore born November 9, 1995) is a professional long-distance runner. High School Susan Lokayo Ejore started running at St. Gabriel's Mission School in Nakuru, Kenya, where she completed in cross country and track and fiel ...

, , 11 February 2024 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 18 , align="center" , 23 , 4:20.81 , Josette Norris , , 29 January 2022 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 19 , align="center" , 24 , 4:20.83 , Elise Cranny , , 31 January 2025 ,

, , - , , align="center" , 25 , 4:20.88 , ''Norris #2'' , , 11 February 2023 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 19 , rowspan="7" align="center" , , 4:21.19 ,

Katie Snowden Katie Snowden (born 9 March 1994) is an English middle-distance runner representing England and Great Britain, specialising in the 1500 metres. She finished fourth in the event at the 2022 European Athletics Championships. Snowden represented G ...

, , 11 February 2023 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 20 , 4:21.51 , Sintayehu Vissa , , 2 March 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 21 , 4:21.56 , Maia Ramsden , , 2 March 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 22 , 4:21.74 , Lucia Stafford , , 15 February 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 23 , 4:21.79 , Regina Jacobs , , 8 January 2000 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 24 , 4:22.21 ,

Susan Ejore Susan Ejore-Sanders (nee Ejore born November 9, 1995) is a professional long-distance runner. High School Susan Lokayo Ejore started running at St. Gabriel's Mission School in Nakuru, Kenya, where she completed in cross country and track and fie ...

, , 2 March 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 25 , 4:22.39 ,

Dorcus Ewoi Dorcus Ewoi (born 1999), also spelled Dorcas Ewoi, is a Kenyan middle-distance runner based in the United States and specializing in the 800 metres. She finished 5th at the 2023 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships before turning ...

, , 2 March 2025 ,

Men (road)

Note: World Athletics only accepts times achieved on World Athletics certified courses that are conducted according t
World Athletics rules
The elevation gradient must not exceed one meter per kilometer. For instance, the famous

in New York City, or New Zealand's Queen Street Golden Mile, are too steep to be record eligible by World Athletics. Downhill miles such as Craig Wheeler's 3:24 clocking in the 1993 Meltham Mile were achieved on ineligible courses and as such are not recognized by World Athletics. The road mile became an official world record event on 1 September 2023 which is why most performances prior to this date were not previously considered records. The winning times from the 2023 U.S. Road Mile Championships, on 25 April, were ratified by World Athletics as the inaugural road mile world records. * Correct as of April 2025. {, class="wikitable sortable" !Ath.# !Perf.# !Time !Athlete !Nation !Date !Place ! class="unsortable" , , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 1 , align="center" , 1 , 3:51.3 ,

Elliot Giles Elliot Levi Giles (born 26 May 1994) is an English middle-distance runner from Birmingham, specialising in the 800 metres. He won a bronze medal at the 2016 European Championships and holds the current road mile world record at 3:51.3. Caree ...

, , 1 September 2024 ,

Düsseldorf Düsseldorf is the capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, the most populous state of Germany. It is the second-largest city in the state after Cologne and the List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants, seventh-largest city ...

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 2 , align="center" , 2 , 3:51.9 , Yared Nuguse , , 1 September 2024 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 3 , align="center" , 3 , 3:52.45 ,

Emmanuel Wanyonyi Emmanuel Wanyonyi (born 1 August 2004) is a Kenyan middle-distance runner specializing in the 800 metres, who won the gold medal at the 2024 Summer Olympics in this event. With his personal best of 1:41.11 set at the 2024 Lausanne Diamond League ...

, , 26 April 2025 ,

Herzogenaurach Herzogenaurach (; ) is a town in the district of Erlangen-Höchstadt, in Bavaria, Germany. It is home to two major international sporting goods companies, Adidas and Puma, and Schaeffler Group, a car parts manufacturer. Geography Herzogenaura ...

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 4 , align="center" , 4 , 3:53.3 ,

, , 7 December 2019 ,

Honolulu Honolulu ( ; ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Hawaii, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is the county seat of the Consolidated city-county, consolidated City and County of Honol ...

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 5 , align="center" , 5 , 3:53.8 , John Walker , , 18 December 1982 ,

Whanganui Whanganui, also spelt Wanganui, is a city in the Manawatū-Whanganui region of New Zealand. The city is located on the west coast of the North Island at the mouth of the Whanganui River, New Zealand's longest navigable waterway. Whanganui is ...

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 6 , align="center" , 6 , 3:54.34 , Hobbs Kessler , , 26 April 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 7 , align="center" , 7 , 3:54.50 ,

Nico Young Nicolas Young (born July 27, 2002) is an American long-distance runner who holds the American record in the outdoor 5000 meters, with a time of 12:45.27. He is a two-time NCAA champion having won both the 3000 m and 5000 m at the 2024 NCAA Indo ...

, , 26 April 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 8 , align="center" , 8 , 3:54.6 , Tony Rogers , , 18 December 1982 ,

, , - , rowspan="2" align="center" , , align="center" , 8 , 3:54.6 , ''Wanyonyi #2'' , rowspan="2" , , 27 April 2024 ,

, , - , align="center" , 10 , 3:54.83 , ''Cheserek #2'' , 8 December 2018 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 9 , align="center" , 11 , 3:54.89 , Leonard Kipkemoi Bett , , 8 December 2018 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 10 , align="center" , 12 , 3:54.9 , Vincent Kibet Keter , , 1 September 2024 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , rowspan="3" align="center" , 11 , rowspan="3" align="center" , 13 , rowspan="3" , 3:55.0 , Jordan McNamara , , 21 September 2014 ,

Lahaina Lahaina (; ) or Lāhainā is a census-designated place (CDP) in Maui County, Hawaii, United States. On the northwest coast of the island of Maui, it encompasses Lahaina town and the Kaanapali, Hawaii, Kaanapali and Kapalua, Hawaii, Kapalua beac ...

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , Vince Ciattei , , 22 April 2025 ,

Des Moines Des Moines is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of cities in Iowa, most populous city in the U.S. state of Iowa. It is the county seat of Polk County, Iowa, Polk County with parts extending into Warren County, Iowa, Wa ...

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , Sam Ellis , , 22 April 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 14 , align="center" , 16 , 3:55.6 ,

Leonel Manzano Leonel "Leo" Manzano (born September 12, 1984) is a Mexican-American former middle-distance track and field athlete specializing in the 1500 m and mile. He was a silver medalist at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Manzano is known for finishing hi ...

, , 24 March 2012 ,

Austin Austin refers to: Common meanings * Austin, Texas, United States, a city * Austin (given name), a list of people and fictional characters * Austin (surname), a list of people and fictional characters * Austin Motor Company, a British car manufac ...

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 15 , align="center" , 17 , 3:55.8 ,

Ben Blankenship Ben Blankenship (born December 15, 1988) is an American middle distance runner. He is a world record holder as a member of the 2015 USA Distance medley relay team, of which he ran the 1600-meter anchor leg. Running career Elementary school Bl ...

, , 12 May 2016 ,

Minneapolis Minneapolis is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States, and its county seat. With a population of 429,954 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the state's List of cities in Minnesota, most populous city. Locat ...

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , rowspan="5" align="center" , 16 , rowspan="5" align="center" , 18 , rowspan="5" , 3:56.0 , Graham Hood , , 13 December 1997 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" ,

Craig Engels Craig Engels (born May 1, 1994) is an American middle-distance running, middle-distance runner. He competed for the United States at the 2013 Pan American Junior Athletics Championships, where he won the men's 1500 meters. In the 2016 United St ...

, , 22 April 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , Josh Thompson , , 22 April 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" ,

Casey Comber Casey Comber (born November 4, 1996) is an American middle distance runner who competes for Under Armour. Early life Comber attended Hatboro-Horsham Senior High School in Pennsylvania before studying Finance at Villanova University. Career Wh ...

, , 22 April 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , Damien Dilcher , , 22 April 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 21 , align="center" , 23 , 3:56.08 , Phanuel Kipkosgei Koech , , 26 April 2025 ,

, , - , rowspan="2" , , align="center" , 24 , 3:56.13 , ''Kessler #2'' , rowspan="2" , , 1 October 2023 ,

Riga Riga ( ) is the capital, Primate city, primate, and List of cities and towns in Latvia, largest city of Latvia. Home to 591,882 inhabitants (as of 2025), the city accounts for a third of Latvia's total population. The population of Riga Planni ...

, , - , align="center" , 25 , 3:56.2 , ''Kessler #3'' , 27 April 2024 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 22 , rowspan="4" , , 3:56.3 , Brimin Kiprono Kiprotich , , 7 December 2019 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 23 , 3:56.40 , Steve Scott , , 14 July 1984 ,

Berkeley Berkeley most often refers to: *Berkeley, California, a city in the United States **University of California, Berkeley, a public university in Berkeley, California *George Berkeley (1685–1753), Anglo-Irish philosopher Berkeley may also refer to ...

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 24 , 3:56.41 , Callum Elson , , 1 October 2023 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 25 , 3:56.43 , Samuel Prakel , , 1 October 2023 ,

Women (road)

, or New Zealand's Queen Street Golden Mile, are too steep to be record eligible by World Athletics. Downhill miles are achieved on ineligible courses and as such are not recognized by World Athletics. The road mile became an official world record event on 1 September 2023 which is why performances prior to this date were not previously considered records. The winning times from the 2023 U.S. Road Mile Championships, on 25 April, were ratified by World Athletics as the inaugural road mile world records. * Correct as of April 2025. {, class="wikitable sortable" !Ath.# !Perf.# !Time !Athlete !Nation !Date !Place ! class="unsortable" , , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 1 , align="center" , 1 , 4:20.98 , Diribe Welteji , , 1 October 2023 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 2 , align="center" , 2 , 4:22.54 ,

Mirriam Cherop ''Mirriam'' is the fifth studio album released by American country music, country artist, Jessi Colter. It was issued in July 1977 on Capitol Records. Background Colter's fifth album was derived from her birth name, Mirriam Johnson. The alb ...

, , 8 December 2018 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 3 , align="center" , 3 , 4:23.06 , Freweyni Hailu , , 1 October 2023 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 4 , align="center" , 4 , 4:23.98 , Krissy Gear , , 22 April 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 5 , align="center" , 5 , 4:23.99 , Nelly Chepchirchir , , 26 April 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 6 , align="center" , 6 , 4:24.13 ,

, , 1 October 2023 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 7 , align="center" , 7 , 4:24.40 , Karissa Schweizer , , 22 April 2025 ,

, , - , align="center" , , align="center" , 8 , 4:24.7 , ''Cherop #2'' , , 9 December 2017 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 8 , align="center" , 9 , 4:24.73 , Gracie Morris , , 22 April 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 9 , align="center" , 10 , 4:25.0 , Elle St. Pierre , , 7 December 2019 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 10 , align="center" , 11 , 4:25.06 ,

, , 22 April 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 11 , align="center" , 12 , 4:25.7 ,

Shannon Osika Shannon Osika (born 15 June 1993) is an American middle-distance runner specializing in the 1500 metres. She is a four-time USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships, outdoor and three-time USA Indoor Track and Field Championships, indoor USA Cham ...

, , 7 December 2019 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 12 , align="center" , 13 , 4:26.83 , Hawi Abera , , 26 April 2025 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 13 , align="center" , 14 , 4:27.0 , Sinclaire Johnson , , 23 July 2021 ,

Pittsburgh Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, and its county seat. It is the List of municipalities in Pennsylvania#Municipalities, second-most populous city in Pennsylvania (after Philadelphia) and the List of Un ...

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 14 , align="center" , 15 , 4:27.4 , Katrina Coogan , , 9 December 2017 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 15 , align="center" , 16 , 4:27.97 , Nikki Hiltz , , 25 April 2023 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 16 , align="center" , 17 , 4:28.0 , Leah Pells , , 13 December 1997 ,

, , - , , align="center" , 17 , 4:28.0 , ''Pells #2'' , , 1 February 1998 , Santee , , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 16 , align="center" , 17 , 4:28.00 , Genzebe Dibaba , , 20 July 2014 ,

, , - , , align="center" , 17 , 4:28.0 , ''Hiltz #2'' , , 22 July 2022 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 16 , align="center" , 17 , 4:28.0 , Emily Lipari , , 22 July 2022 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 16 , align="center" , 17 , 4:28.0 , Eleanor Fulton , , 22 April 2025 ,

, , - , rowspan="2" , , align="center" , 23 , 4:28.07 , ''Hiltz #3'' , rowspan="2" , , 9 December 2023 ,

, , - , align="center" , 24 , 4:28.65 , ''Hiltz #4'' , 7 December 2024 ,

, , - bgcolor="#f6F5CE" , align="center" , 20 , align="center" , 25 , 4:28.68 , Weini Kelati Frezghi , , 7 December 2024 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 21 , rowspan="5" , , 4:28.87 , Heather Maclean , , 7 December 2024 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , rowspan="2" align="center" , 22 , 4:29.0 , Maria Akraka , , 1 February 1998 , Santee , , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , 4:29.00 , Morgan Uceny , , 20 July 2014 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 24 , 4:29.1 , Nicole Sifuentes , , 10 December 2016 ,

, , - bgcolor="#CCFFCC" , align="center" , 25 , 4:29.79 , Nozomi Tanaka , , 9 December 2023 ,

Youth age records

Key:

Boys

{, class="wikitable" , - ! Age !! Time !! Athlete !! Nation !! Birthdate !! Date !! Place !! Ref , - , 5 , , 6:33.3 , , Daniel Skandera , , , , 2 November 2007 , , 23 July 2013 , , Santa Rosa , , , - , 6 , , 5:44.4 , , Daniel Skandera , , , , 2 November 2007 , , 5 August 2014 , , Santa Rosa , , , - , 7 , , 5:20.3 , , Daniel Skandera , , , , 2 November 2007 , , 9 June 2015 , , Santa Rosa , , , - , 8 , , 5:12.1 , , Daniel Skandera , , , , 2 November 2007 , , 9 August 2016 , , Santa Rosa , , , - , 9 , , 5:02.5 , , Daniel Skandera , , , , 2 November 2007 , , 27 June 2017 , , Santa Rosa , , , - , 10 , , 4:46.6 , , Daniel Skandera , , , , 2 November 2007 , , 24 July 2018 , , Santa Rosa , , , - , 11 , , 4:36.04 , , Archie Sideridis , , , , 18 October 2011 , , 9 February 2023 , ,

Melbourne Melbourne ( , ; Boonwurrung language, Boonwurrung/ or ) is the List of Australian capital cities, capital and List of cities in Australia by population, most populous city of the States and territories of Australia, Australian state of Victori ...

, , , - , 12 , , 4:35.66 , , Quenton Lanese , , , , 4 March 2011 , , 20 May 2023 , ,

Mercer Island Mercer Island is a city in King County, Washington, United States, located on an island of the same name in the southern portion of Lake Washington. Mercer Island is in the Seattle metropolitan area, with Seattle to its west and Bellevue t ...

, , , - , 13 , , 4:22.33 , , Jackson Miller , , , , 11 June 1999 , , 1 June 2023 , ,

St. Louis St. Louis ( , sometimes referred to as St. Louis City, Saint Louis or STL) is an independent city in the U.S. state of Missouri. It lies near the confluence of the Mississippi and the Missouri rivers. In 2020, the city proper had a populatio ...

, , , - , 14 , , 4:11.20 , , Angus Wilkinson , , , , 16 January 2009 , , 26 August 2023 , ,

Stirling Stirling (; ; ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, city in Central Belt, central Scotland, northeast of Glasgow and north-west of Edinburgh. The market town#Scotland, market town, surrounded by rich farmland, grew up connecting the roya ...

, , , - , 15 , , 3:58.35 , , Sam Ruthe , , , , 12 April 2009 , , 19 March 2025 , ,

Auckland Auckland ( ; ) is a large metropolitan city in the North Island of New Zealand. It has an urban population of about It is located in the greater Auckland Region, the area governed by Auckland Council, which includes outlying rural areas and ...

, , , - , 16 , , 3:55.44 , , Cameron Myers , , , , 9 June 2006 , , 23 February 2023 , ,

, , , - , 17 , , 3:50.15 , , Cameron Myers , , , , 9 June 2006 , , 25 May 2024 , ,

, , , - , 18 , , 3:47.48 , , Cameron Myers , , , , 9 June 2006 , , 8 February 2025 , ,

, , , - , 19 , , 3:48.06 , , Reynold Cheruiyot , , , , 30 July 2004 , , 16 September 2023 , ,

, ,

Girls

{, class="wikitable" , - ! Age !! Time !! Athlete !! Nation !! Birthdate !! Date !! Place !! Ref , - , 6 , , 6:36.0 , , Celine Struijvé , , , , 10 November 2012 , , 17 September 2019 , , Epe, Netherlands, Epe , , , - , 7 , , 6:05.1 , , Kristina Wilson , , , , 5 December 1963 , , 5 June 1971 , , , , , - , 8 , , 5:43.5 , , Imogen Stewart , , , , 27 July 2005 , , 10 December 2013 , , Sydney , , , - , 9 , , 5:18.74 , , Imogen Stewart , , , , 27 July 2005 , , 17 January 2015 , , Wollongong , , , - , 10 , , 5:04.19 , , Imogen Stewart , , , , 27 July 2005 , , 16 January 2016 , , Wollongong , , , - , 11 , , 4:56.08 , , Imogen Stewart , , , , 27 July 2005 , , 4 March 2017 , , Sydney , , , - , 12 , , 4:46.57 , , Imogen Stewart , , , , 27 July 2005 , , 13 January 2018 , , Wollongong , , , - , 13 , , 4:44.73 , , Imogen Stewart , , , , 27 July 2005 , , 22 December 2018 , , Sydney , , , - , 14 , , 4:40.1 , , Mary Decker , , , , 4 August 1958 , , 16 March 1973 , , Richmond, Virginia, Richmond , , , - , 15 , , 4:35.16 , , Sadie Engelhardt, , , , 21 August 2006 , , 9 April 2022 , , Arcadia, California, Arcadia , , , - , 16 , , 4:28.25 , , Mary Cain (athlete), Mary Cain , , , , 3 May 1996 , , 16 February 2013 , ,

, , , - , 17 , , 4:24.11 , , Mary Cain (athlete), Mary Cain , , , , 3 May 1996 , , 24 January 2014 , ,

, , , - , 18 , , 4:23.50 , , Jane Hedengren , , , , 23 September 2006 , , 5 June 2025 , , St. Louis , , , - , 19 , , 4:17.57 , , Zola Budd , , , , 26 May 1966 , , 21 August 1985 , ,

, ,

Season's bests

Men

{, class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" , - !Year !Time !Athlete !Place , - , 1999 , 3:43.13 WR , align=left, , Rome , - , 2000 , 3:45.96 , align=left, ,

, - , 2001 , 3:44.95 , align=left, , Rome , - , 2002 , 3:48.28 , align=left, , Rome , - , 2003 , 3:48.17 , align=left, ,

, - , 2004 , 3:49.84 , align=left, ,

, - , 2005 , 3:47.97 , align=left, ,

, - , 2006 , 3:50.32 , align=left, ,

, - , 2007 , 3:46.91 , align=left, ,

, - , 2008 , 3:49.38 , align=left, ,

, - , 2009 , 3:48.50 , align=left, ,

, - , 2010 , 3:49.56 , align=left, ,

, - , 2011 , 3:49.09 , align=left, ,

, - , 2012 , 3:49.22 , align=left, ,

, - , 2013 , 3:49.48 , align=left, ,

, - , 2014 , 3:47.32 , align=left, ,

, - , 2015 , 3:51.10 , align=left, ,

, - , 2016 , 3:50.63 i , align=left, ,

, - , 2017 , 3:49.04 , align=left, ,

, - , 2018 , 3:49.44 i , align=left, , Boston, Massachusetts, Boston , - , 2019 , 3:47.01 i , align=left, , Boston, Massachusetts, Boston , - , 2020 , 3:51.23 , align=left, , Milan , - , 2021 , 3:47.24 , align=left, ,

, - , 2022 , 3:46.46 , align=left, ,

, - , 2023 , 3:43.73 , align=left, ,

, - , 2024 , 3:45.34 , align=left, ,

Women

{, class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" , - !Year !Time !Athlete !Place , - , 1999 , 4:23.44 , align=left, ,

Nice Nice ( ; ) is a city in and the prefecture of the Alpes-Maritimes department in France. The Nice agglomeration extends far beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of nearly one million New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...

, - , 2001 , 4:23.19 i , align=left, , Stuttgart , - , 2002 , 4:23.00 i , align=left, ,

, - , 2003 , 4:24.40 , align=left, , Heusden-Zolder , - , 2004 , 4:21.57 , align=left, , Tula, Russia, Tula , - , 2005 , 4:28.29 , align=left, , Tula, Russia, Tula , - , 2006 , 4:27.96 , align=left, , Falmouth, Massachusetts, Falmouth , - , 2007 , 4:17.75 , align=left, ,

, - , 2008 , 4:18.23 , align=left, , Rieti , - , 2009 , 4:25.91 i , align=left, , College Station, Texas, College Station , - , 2010 , 4:23.53 i , align=left, , Birmingham , - , 2011 , 4:28.60 i , align=left, , New York City, New York, New York City , - , 2012 , 4:26.76 , align=left, , Falmouth, Massachusetts, Falmouth , - , 2013 , 4:27.02 i , align=left, , New York City, New York, New York City , - , 2014 , 4:24.11 i , align=left, ,

, - , 2015 , 4:16.71 , align=left, ,

, - , 2016 , 4:13.31 i , align=left, , Stockholm , - , 2017 , 4:16.05 , align=left, ,

, - , 2018 , 4:14.71 , align=left, ,

, - , 2019 , 4:12.33 , align=left, ,

, - , 2020 , 4:16.81 i , align=left, ,

, - , 2021 , 4:14.74 , align=left, ,

, - , 2022 , 4:19.30 i , align=left, ,

, - , 2023 , 4:07.64 , align=left, ,

, - , 2024 , 4:16.41 i , align=left, ,

* "i" indicates performance on 200m indoor track

References

Notes

External links

IAAF list of one-mile records in XML
ref> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mile run Mile (athletics), Events in track and field Middle-distance running disciplines Articles containing video clips

History

Records

Outdoor

Indoor

Road

All-time top 25

Men (outdoor)

Women (outdoor)

Men (indoor)

Women (indoor)

Men (road)

Women (road)

Youth age records

Boys

Girls

Season's bests

Men

Women

See also

References

Notes

External links