architectural style An architectural style is a classification of buildings (and nonbuilding structures) based on a set of characteristics and features, including overall appearance, arrangement of the components, method of construction, building materials used, for ...

is characterized by the features that make a building or other structure notable and historically identifiable. A style may include such elements as form, method of

construction Construction are processes involved in delivering buildings, infrastructure, industrial facilities, and associated activities through to the end of their life. It typically starts with planning, financing, and design that continues until the a ...

building materials Building material is material used for construction. Many naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, wood, and even twigs and leaves, have been used to construct buildings and other structures, like bridges. Apart from natur ...

, and regional character. Most

architecture Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and construction, constructi ...

can be classified as a chronology of styles which change over time reflecting changing fashions, beliefs and religions, or the emergence of new ideas, technology, or materials which make new styles possible. Styles therefore emerge from the history of a society and are documented in the subject of

architectural history The history of architecture traces the changes in architecture through various traditions, regions, overarching stylistic trends, and dates. The beginnings of all these traditions is thought to be humans satisfying the very basic need of shelt ...

. At any time several styles may be fashionable, and when a style changes it usually does so gradually, as architects learn and adapt to new ideas. Styles often spread to other places, so that the style at its source continues to develop in new ways while other countries follow with their own twist. A style may also spread through

colonialism Colonialism is the control of another territory, natural resources and people by a foreign group. Colonizers control the political and tribal power of the colonised territory. While frequently an Imperialism, imperialist project, colonialism c ...

, either by foreign colonies learning from their home country, or by settlers moving to a new land. After a style has gone out of fashion, there are often revivals and re-interpretations. For instance,

classicism Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. In its purest form, classicism is an aesthe ...

has been revived many times and found new life as

neoclassicism Neoclassicism, also spelled Neo-classicism, emerged as a Western cultural movement in the decorative arts, decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that drew inspiration from the art and culture of classical antiq ...

. Each time it is revived, it is different.

Vernacular architecture Vernacular architecture (also folk architecture) is building done outside any academic tradition, and without professional guidance. It is not a particular architectural movement or style but rather a broad category, encompassing a wide range a ...

works slightly differently and is listed separately. It is the native method of construction used by local people, usually using labour-intensive methods and local materials, and usually for small structures such as rural cottages. It varies from region to region even within a country, and takes little account of national styles or technology. As western society has developed, vernacular styles have mostly become outmoded by new technology and national building standards.

Chronology of styles

Prehistoric

Early civilizations developed, often independently, in scattered locations around the globe. The architecture was often a mixture of styles in timber cut from local forests and stone hewn from local rocks. Most of the timber has gone, although the earthworks remain. Impressively, massive stone structures have survived for years. *

Neolithic The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Ancient Greek, Greek 'new' and 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Mesopotamia, Asia, Europe and Africa (c. 10,000 BCE to c. 2,000 BCE). It saw the Neolithic Revo ...

10,000–3000 BC

Ancient Americas

Mesoamerican Mesoamerica is a historical region and cultural area that begins in the southern part of North America and extends to the Pacific coast of Central America, thus comprising the lands of central and southern Mexico, all of Belize, Guatemala, El S ...

* Mezcala * Talud-tablero * Western Native Americans

Mediterranean and Middle-East civilizations

* Phoenician 3000–500 BC *

Ancient Egyptian Ancient Egypt () was a cradle of civilization concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in Northeast Africa. It emerged from prehistoric Egypt around 3150BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology), when Upper and Lower E ...

3000 BC–373 BC *

Minoan The Minoan civilization was a Bronze Age culture which was centered on the island of Crete. Known for its monumental architecture and Minoan art, energetic art, it is often regarded as the first civilization in Europe. The ruins of the Minoan pa ...

3000?+ BC (Crete) **

Knossos Knossos (; , ; Linear B: ''Ko-no-so'') is a Bronze Age archaeological site in Crete. The site was a major centre of the Minoan civilization and is known for its association with the Greek myth of Theseus and the minotaur. It is located on th ...

(Crete) * Mycenaean 1600–1100 BC (Greece)

Ancient Near East and Mesopotamia

* Sumerian 5300–2000 BC *

Elam Elam () was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is now Khuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of modern-day southern Iraq. The modern name ''Elam'' stems fr ...

Iranian/Persian

* Ancient Persian **

Achaemenid The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (; , , ), was an Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC. Based in modern-day Iran, it was the large ...

Sassanid The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr ( , "Empire of the Iranian peoples, Iranians"), was an List of monarchs of Iran, Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651. Enduring for over four centuries, th ...

Iranian Iranian () may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Iran ** Iranian diaspora, Iranians living outside Iran ** Iranian architecture, architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia ** Iranian cuisine, cooking traditions and practic ...

, c. 8th century+ (Iran) * Persian Garden Style (Iran) ** Classical Style – Hayat ** Formal Style – Meidān (public) or Charbagh (private) ** Casual Style – Park (public) or Bāgh (private) ** Paradise garden

Ancient Asian

Classical Era in South Asia

Karnataka Karnataka ( ) is a States and union territories of India, state in the southwestern region of India. It was Unification of Karnataka, formed as Mysore State on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, States Re ...

Kerala Kerala ( , ) is a States and union territories of India, state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile ...

Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is the southernmost States and union territories of India, state of India. The List of states and union territories of India by area, tenth largest Indian state by area and the List of states and union territories of Indi ...

* Dravidian architecture (South Indian temple style) *

Buddhist Temple A Buddhist temple or Buddhist monastery is the place of worship for Buddhism, Buddhists, the followers of Buddhism. They include the structures called vihara, chaitya, stupa, wat, khurul and pagoda in different regions and languages. Temples in B ...

East Asian

* Ancient Chinese * Japanese * Korean

Ancient South Asian Architecture

* Harappan (7000–1900 BCE) * Dravidian architecture *

(Early Tamil Sangam Era)

Classical Antiquity

The architecture of

Ancient Greece Ancient Greece () was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity (), that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically r ...

and

Ancient Rome In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman people, Roman civilisation from the founding of Rome, founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire, collapse of the Western Roman Em ...

, derived from the ancient Mediterranean civilizations such as at

on Crete. They developed highly refined systems for proportions and style, using mathematics and geometry. *

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...

776–265 BC * Roman 753 BC–663 AD * Etruscan 700–200 BC * Classical 600 BC–323 AD *

Herodian Herodian or Herodianus () of Syria, sometimes referred to as "Herodian of Antioch" (c. 170 – c. 240), was a minor Roman civil servant who wrote a colourful history in Greek titled ''History of the Empire from the Death of Marcus'' (τῆς με ...

37–4 BC (Judea) *

Early Christian Early Christianity, otherwise called the Early Church or Paleo-Christianity, describes the historical era of the Christian religion up to the First Council of Nicaea in 325. Christianity spread from the Levant, across the Roman Empire, and be ...

100–500 *

Byzantine The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the events that caused the fall of the Western Roman E ...

527–1520

Middle Ages

The European Early Middle Ages are generally taken to run from the end of the

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Roman people, Romans conquered most of this during the Roman Republic, Republic, and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian's assumption of ...

, around 400 AD, to around 1000 AD. During this period, Christianity made a significant impact on European culture.

Early medieval Europe

* Latin Armenian 4th–16th centuries *

Anglo-Saxon The Anglo-Saxons, in some contexts simply called Saxons or the English, were a Cultural identity, cultural group who spoke Old English and inhabited much of what is now England and south-eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages. They traced t ...

450s–1066 (England) * Bulgarian from 681 **

First Bulgarian Empire The First Bulgarian Empire (; was a medieval state that existed in Southeastern Europe between the 7th and 11th centuries AD. It was founded in 680–681 after part of the Bulgars, led by Asparuh of Bulgaria, Asparuh, moved south to the northe ...

681–1018 * Pre-Romanesque c. 700–1000 (Merovingian and Carolingian empires) ** Iberian pre-Romanesque **

Merovingian The Merovingian dynasty () was the ruling family of the Franks from around the middle of the 5th century until Pepin the Short in 751. They first appear as "Kings of the Franks" in the Roman army of northern Gaul. By 509 they had united all the ...

5th–8th centuries (France, Germany, Italy and neighbouring locations) **

Visigothic The Visigoths (; ) were a Germanic people united under the rule of a king and living within the Roman Empire during late antiquity. The Visigoths first appeared in the Balkans, as a Roman-allied barbarian military group united under the comman ...

5th–8th centuries (Spain and Portugal) ** Asturian 711–910 (North Spain, North Portugal) **

Carolingian The Carolingian dynasty ( ; known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings, Karolinger or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family named after Charles Martel and his grandson Charlemagne, descendants of the Arnulfing and Pippinid c ...

780s–9th century (mostly France, Germany) ** Ottonian 950s–1050s (mostly Germany, also considered Early Romanesque) *

Repoblación The ''Repoblación'' (, ; , ) was the ninth-century repopulating of a large region between the River Duero and the Cantabrian Mountains, which had been depopulated in the early years of the Reconquista and became known as the ''Desert of the D ...

880s–11th century (Spain)

Medieval Europe

The dominance of the Church over everyday life was expressed in grand spiritual designs which emphasized piety and sobriety. The Romanesque style was simple and austere. The Gothic style heightened the effect with heavenly spires, pointed arches and religious carvings. *

Medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with the fall of the West ...

=Byzantine

= * Late

Byzantine architecture Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire, usually dated from 330 AD, when Constantine the Great established a new Roman capital in Byzantium, which became Constantinople, until the Fall of Cons ...

before 1520 (see above) ** Kievan Rus' architecture 988–1237 ** Tarnovo Artistic School 12th–14th century (Bulgaria) ** Rashka School 12th–15th centuries (Serbian principalities) ** Morava School (Serbian principalities/Bulgaria)

=Romanesque

= * Pre-Romanesque (see above) *

First Romanesque One of the first streams of Romanesque architecture in Europe from the 10th century and the beginning of 11th century is called First Romanesque, or Lombard Romanesque. It took place in the region of Lombardy (at that time the term encompassing ...

1000–? (France, Italy, Spain) ** (including "Lombard Romanesque" in Italy) * Romanesque 1000–1300 * Norman 1074–1250 (Normandy, UK, Ireland, South Italy and Sicily) * Norman–Arab–Byzantine 1071–1200 (Sicily, Malta, South Italy) * Cistercian Romanesque style c. 1120–c. 1240 (Europe)Gebaut, ''Burgundische Romanik – Pontigny – Zisterziensergotik''
/ref>

=Timber styles

= * Stave churches, oldest 845( d) in England, in Norway one 11th century, several 12th century, some with Romanesque elements * Timber frame styles, mostly Gothic or later (UK, France, Germany, the Netherlands)

=Gothic

= 1135/40–1520 * Gothic * Cistercian Gothic 1138–15th century (various European countries) * Angevin Gothic or Plantagenet Style since 1148 (western France) *

Early English Period English Gothic is an architectural style that flourished from the late 12th until the mid-17th century. The style was most prominently used in the construction of cathedrals and churches. Gothic architecture's defining features are pointed a ...

c. 1190–c. 1250 * Gotico Angioiano since 1266 (southern Italy) * Decorated Period c. 1290–c. 1350 * Perpendicular Period c. 1350–c. 1550 * Rayonnant Gothic 1240–c. 1350 (France, Germany, Central Europe) * Venetian Gothic 14th–15th centuries (Venice in Italy) * Spanish Gothic ** Mudéjar Style c. 1200–1700 (Spain, Portugal, Latin America)Really, Mudéjar style had phases according to the general European styles, there was Romanesque Mudéjar, Gothic Mudéjar and even Renaissance Mudéjar. ** Aragonese Mudéjar c. 1200–1700 (Aragon in Spain) ** Isabelline Gothic 1474–1505 (reign) (Spain) **

Plateresque Plateresque, meaning "in the manner of a silversmith" (''plata'' being silver in Spanish language, Spanish), was an artistic movement, especially Architecture, architectural, developed in Spanish Empire, Spain and its territories, which appeared ...

1490–1560 (Spain & colonies, bridging Gothic and Renaissance styles) *

Brick Gothic Brick Gothic (, , ) is a specific style of Gothic architecture common in Baltic region, Northeast and Central Europe especially in the regions in and around the Baltic Sea, which do not have resources of standing rock (though Glacial erratic, ...

mid 13th to 16th century (Germany, Netherlands, Flanders, Poland, northern Europe) * Brabantine Gothic (Belgium and Netherlands) 14th century * Flamboyant Gothic 1400–1500 (Spain, France, Portugal) *

Manueline The Manueline (, ), occasionally known as Portuguese late Gothic, is the sumptuous, composite Portuguese architectural style originating in the 16th century, during the Portuguese Renaissance and Age of Discoveries. Manueline architecture inco ...

1495–1521 (Portugal and colonies)

Asian architecture During its Late classical and medieval ages

= Japanese

= *

Shinden-zukuri ''Shinden-zukuri'' (寝殿造) refers to an architectural style created in the Heian period (794－1185) in Japan and used mainly for palaces and residences of nobles. In 894, Japan abolished the ''kentōshi'' (Japanese missions to Tang China ...

(

Heian Period The is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. It followed the Nara period, beginning when the 50th emperor, Emperor Kammu, moved the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto). means in Japanese. It is a ...

Japan)

= Chinese

= * Songnic architecture

= Korean

= * Hanok

South Asia

* Bengalese *

Pakistani Pakistanis (, ) are the citizens and nationals of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan is the fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the second-largest Muslim population as of 2023. As much as ...

* Khmer * Indonesian * Myanmar architecture

= Late Dravidian temple styles

= * Badami Chalukya or "Deccan architecture" (450–700CE) * Rashtrakuta 750–983 (Central and South India) * Western Chalukya or Gadag (1050-1200CE) *

Hoysala The Hoysala Kingdom was a kingdom originating from the Indian subcontinent that ruled most of what is now Karnataka, India, Karnataka, parts of Tamilnadu and South-Western Telangana between the 11th and the 14th centuries Common Era, CE. The c ...

(900–1300CE) *

Vijayanagara Vijayanagara () is a city located in Vijayanagara district of Karnataka state in India.Vijayanagara

1336–1565 (South India)

=( Dravidian influenced) South Asian Architecture styles
= *
Mauryan The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in South Asia with its power base in Magadha. Founded by Chandragupta Maurya around c. 320 BCE, it existed in loose-knit fashion until 185 BCE. The primary sourc ...
(321–185 BC) * Kalinga Architecture ( present day Orissa and Andhra Pradesh) ** Rekha Deula ** Pidha Deula ** Khakhara Deula * Hemadpanthi (1200–1270 CE) (Maharashtra) * Sikh architecture * Bengal temple architecture: 1400 to present ** Nagara Style ** Māru-Gurjara architecture 900 to present (Rajasthan and Gujarat) ** Vesara Style (Dravidian fusion styles) ** Badami Chalukya architecture

Islamic architecture 620–1918
* Central styles (multi-regional) ** Prophetic era – based in Medina (c. 620–630) **
Rashidun The Rashidun () are the first four caliphs () who led the Muslim community following the death of Muhammad: Abu Bakr (), Umar (), Uthman (), and Ali (). The reign of these caliphs, called the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), is considered i ...
period – based in Medina (c. 630–660) ** Umayyad architecture – based in Damascus (c. 660–750) ** Abbasid architecture – based in Baghdad (c. 750–1256) ** Mamluk architecture – based in Cairo (c. 1256–1517) **
Ottoman architecture Ottoman architecture is an architectural style or tradition that developed under the Ottoman Empire over a long period, undergoing some significant changes during its history. It first emerged in northwestern Anatolia in the late 13th century an ...
– based in Istanbul (c. 1517–1918) * Regional styles ** Egypt incl. empires ruled from Egypt *** Early
Islamic architecture Islamic architecture comprises the architectural styles of buildings associated with Islam. It encompasses both Secularity, secular and religious styles from the early history of Islam to the present day. The Muslim world, Islamic world encompasse ...
(
Rashidun The Rashidun () are the first four caliphs () who led the Muslim community following the death of Muhammad: Abu Bakr (), Umar (), Uthman (), and Ali (). The reign of these caliphs, called the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), is considered i ...
+
Umayyad The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (, ; ) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty. Uthman ibn Affan, the third of the Rashidun caliphs, was also a membe ...
) (641–750) *** Abbasid architecture (750–954) *** Fatimid architecture (954–1170) ***
Ayyubid The Ayyubid dynasty (), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultan of Egypt, Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid Caliphate of Egyp ...
architecture (1174–1250); category see here *** Mamluk architecture (1254–1517) ***
Ottoman architecture Ottoman architecture is an architectural style or tradition that developed under the Ottoman Empire over a long period, undergoing some significant changes during its history. It first emerged in northwestern Anatolia in the late 13th century an ...
(1517–1820) ** North Africa ( Maghrib) *** Umayyad architecture (705–750) *** Abbasid architecture (750–909) *** Fatimid architecture (909–1048) ***
Amazigh Berbers, or the Berber peoples, also known as Amazigh or Imazighen, are a diverse grouping of distinct ethnic groups indigenous to North Africa who predate the arrival of Arabs in the Maghreb. Their main connections are identified by their u ...
architecture (1048–1550) **** Zirid architecture (1048–1148, Middle Maghreb) **** Almoravid architecture (1040–1147, Far Maghreb) **** Almohad architecture (1121–1269, Far Maghreb) **** Hafsids 1229–1574 (Near and Middle Maghreb) ****
Marinid The Marinid dynasty ( ) was a Berber Muslim dynasty that controlled present-day Morocco from the mid-13th to the 15th century and intermittently controlled other parts of North Africa (Algeria and Tunisia) and of the southern Iberian Peninsula ...
s (1244–1465, Middle and Far Maghreb) **** Zayyanids (1235–1550, Middle Maghreb) ***
Ottoman architecture Ottoman architecture is an architectural style or tradition that developed under the Ottoman Empire over a long period, undergoing some significant changes during its history. It first emerged in northwestern Anatolia in the late 13th century an ...
(1550–1830, Near and Middle Maghreb) *** Local styles under local dynasties (1549–present, Far Maghreb) ** Islamic Spain *** Umayyad architecture (756–1031) *** Taifa Kingdoms-1 (1031–1090) *** Almoravid architecture (1090–1147) *** Taifa Kingdoms-2 (1140–1203) *** Almohad architecture (1147–1238), *** Taifa Kingdoms-3 (1232–1492) **** Granada architecture (1287–1492) ** Persia and Central Asia *** Khurasani architecture (Late 7th–10th century) *** Razi Style (10th–13th century) ****
Samanid The Samanid Empire () was a Persianate society, Persianate Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslim empire, ruled by a dynasty of Iranian peoples, Iranian ''dehqan'' origin. The empire was centred in Greater Khorasan, Khorasan and Transoxiana, at its greatest ...
architecture (10th c.) **** Ghaznawid architecture (11th c.) **** Seljuk architecture (11th–12th c.) **** Mongol-period architecture (13th c.) *** Timurid Style (14th–16th c.) ***
Isfahan Isfahan or Esfahan ( ) is a city in the Central District (Isfahan County), Central District of Isfahan County, Isfahan province, Iran. It is the capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is located south of Tehran. The city ...
i Style (17th–19th c.) ** Islamic-influenced architecture in
South Asia South Asia is the southern Subregion#Asia, subregion of Asia that is defined in both geographical and Ethnicity, ethnic-Culture, cultural terms. South Asia, with a population of 2.04 billion, contains a quarter (25%) of the world's populatio ...
*** Indo-Islamic architecture (1204–1857) ****
Mughal architecture Mughal architecture is the style of architecture developed in the Mughal Empire in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries throughout the ever-changing extent of their empire in the Indian subcontinent. It developed from the architectural styles of ea ...
(1526–1707) ** Turkey *** Anatolian Seljuk architecture (1071–1299) ***
Ottoman architecture Ottoman architecture is an architectural style or tradition that developed under the Ottoman Empire over a long period, undergoing some significant changes during its history. It first emerged in northwestern Anatolia in the late 13th century an ...
(1299–1922) *** First national architectural movement (1908–1940)

Pre-Columbian Indigenous American Styles
*
Aztec The Aztecs ( ) were a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico in the Post-Classic stage, post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec people included different Indigenous peoples of Mexico, ethnic groups of central ...
(ca. 14th century – 1521) *
Maya Maya may refer to: Ethnic groups * Maya peoples, of southern Mexico and northern Central America ** Maya civilization, the historical civilization of the Maya peoples ** Mayan languages, the languages of the Maya peoples * Maya (East Africa), a p ...
*
Pueblo Pueblo refers to the settlements of the Pueblo peoples, Native American tribes in the Southwestern United States, currently in New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas. The permanent communities, including some of the oldest continually occupied settlement ...
*
Puuc Puuc is the name of a region in the Mexican state of Yucatán (state), Yucatán and a Maya architecture, Maya architectural style prevalent in that region. The word ''puuc'' is derived from the Maya term for "hill". Since the Yucatán is rel ...

Early Modern Period and European Colonialism
1425–1660. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread through Europe, rebelling against the all-powerful Church, by placing Man at the centre of his world instead of God. The Gothic spires and pointed arches were replaced by classical domes and rounded arches, with comfortable spaces and entertaining details, in a celebration of humanity. The Baroque style was a florid development of this 200 years later, largely by the Catholic Church to restate its religious values.Jackson J. Spielvogel (2010), ''Western Civilization: A Brief History''. Cengage Learning. page 333

Renaissance
c. 1425–1600 (Europe, American colonies) *
Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) is a Periodization, period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and sur ...
** Central European Renaissance *** Polish Renaissance **
French Renaissance The French Renaissance was the cultural and artistic movement in France between the 15th and early 17th centuries. The period is associated with the pan-European Renaissance, a word first used by the French historian Jules Michelet to define ...
** Eastern European Renaissance *
Palladian Palladian architecture is a European architectural style derived from the work of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). What is today recognised as Palladian architecture evolved from his concepts of symmetry, perspective and ...
1516–1580 (Venezia, Italy; revived in UK) *
Mannerism Mannerism is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of the 16th century in Italy, when the Baroque style largely replaced it ...
1520–1600 ** Polish Mannerism 1550–1650 * Brâncovenesc style late 17th and early 18th centuries *
Eastern Orthodox Church The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is List of Christian denominations by number of members, one of the three major doctrinal and ...
1400?+ (Southeast and Eastern Europe)

France
*
Henry II Henry II may refer to: Kings * Saint Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (972–1024), crowned King of Germany in 1002, of Italy in 1004 and Emperor in 1014 *Henry II of England (1133–89), reigned from 1154 *Henry II of Jerusalem and Cyprus (1271–1 ...
1530–1590 *
Louis XIII Louis XIII (; sometimes called the Just; 27 September 1601 – 14 May 1643) was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre (as Louis II) from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown. ...
1601–1643

United Kingdom
* Tudor 1485–1603 *
Elizabethan The Elizabethan era is the epoch in the Tudor period of the history of England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558–1603). Historians often depict it as the golden age in English history. The Roman symbol of Britannia (a female per ...
1480–1620? * Jacobean 1580–1660

Spain and Portugal
* Asturian pre-Romanesque 711 - 910 (Kingdom of Asturias) * Mudéjar Art 13th and 16th centuries *
Spanish Renaissance The Spanish Renaissance was a movement in Spain, emerging from the Italian Renaissance in Italy during the 14th century, that spread to Spain during the 15th and 16th centuries. This new focus in art, literature, Quotation, quotes and scienc ...
15th and 16th centuries *
Plateresque Plateresque, meaning "in the manner of a silversmith" (''plata'' being silver in Spanish language, Spanish), was an artistic movement, especially Architecture, architectural, developed in Spanish Empire, Spain and its territories, which appeared ...
continued from Spanish Gothic – 1560 (Spain and colonies, Low Countries) * Herrerian 1550–1650 (Spain and colonies, primarily in Castille and the surroundings of Madrid) * Barroque Churrigueresque 17th – 1750 (Hispanic countries, primarily in Spain and Mexico) * Modernisme 1880s - 1910s (Primarily Catalonia, but also in Valencian Community, Majorca Island and Melilla) * Portuguese Renaissance * Portuguese Plain style 1580–1640 (Portugal and colonies)

Colonial
* Portuguese Colonial c. 1480–1820 (Brazil, India, Macao, Africa, East Timor) * Spanish Colonial 1520s – c. 1820s (New World, East Indies, other colonies) *
Cape Dutch Cape Dutch, also commonly known as Cape Afrikaners, were a historic socioeconomic class of Afrikaners who lived in the Western Cape during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The terms have been evoked to describe an affluent, educated sect ...
1652–1802 (Cape Colony, South Africa) *
Netherlands Indies The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (; ), was a Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which declared independence on 17 August 1945. Following the Indonesian War of Independe ...
1609–1949 ** Old Indies 18th century-19th century ** Indies Empire mid-18th century–late 19th century ** New Indies late 19th century–20th century (mixed architecture) * Dutch Colonial 1615–1674 (Treaty of Westminster) (New England) * Chilotan 1600+ (Chiloé and southern Chile) * First Period 1625–1725 pre-American vernacular *
Architecture of the California missions The architecture of the California missions was influenced by several factors, those being the limitations in the construction materials that were on hand, an overall lack of skilled labor, and a desire on the part of the founding priests to emula ...
1769–1823, (California, US) * French Colonial * Colonial Georgian architecture

Baroque
1600–1800, up to 1900 * Andean Baroque, 1680–1780 (
Viceroyalty of Peru The Viceroyalty of Peru (), officially known as the Kingdom of Peru (), was a Monarchy of Spain, Spanish imperial provincial administrative district, created in 1542, that originally contained modern-day Peru and most of the Spanish Empire in ...
) *
Baroque The Baroque ( , , ) is a Western Style (visual arts), style of Baroque architecture, architecture, Baroque music, music, Baroque dance, dance, Baroque painting, painting, Baroque sculpture, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from ...
c. 1600–1750 (Europe, the Americas) *
English Baroque English Baroque is a term used to refer to modes of English architecture that paralleled Baroque architecture in continental Europe between the Great Fire of London (1666) and roughly 1720, when the flamboyant and dramatic qualities of Baroque ...
1666 (Great Fire) – 1713 (Treaty of Utrecht) * Spanish Baroque c. 1600–1760 ** Churrigueresque, 1660s–1750s (Spain & New World), revival 1915+ (southwest US, Hawaii) ** Earthquake Baroque, 17th–18th centuries (
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
) * Maltese Baroque c. 1635–1798 *
New Spanish Baroque New Spanish Baroque, also known as Mexican Baroque, refers to Baroque art developed in the entire territories that once formed the New Spain, Viceroyalty of New Spain. During this period, artists of New Spain experimented with expressive, contras ...
, mid-17th-early-18th centuries (
New Spain New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( ; Nahuatl: ''Yankwik Kaxtillan Birreiyotl''), originally the Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain. It was one of several ...
) * French Baroque c. 1650–1789 * Dutch Baroque c. 1650–1700 * Sicilian Baroque 1693 earthquake – c. 1745 * Portuguese Joanine baroque c. 1700–1750 * Russian Baroque (c. 1680–1750) ** Naryshkin Baroque c. 1690–1720 (
Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...
, Russian Empire) ** Petrine Baroque c. 1700–1745 (
Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...
, Russian Empire) ** Elizabethan Baroque 1736–1762 (Russian Empire) *
Ukrainian Baroque Ukrainian Baroque (), also known as Cossack Baroque () or Mazepa Baroque, is an style (visual arts), artistic style that was widespread in Ukraine in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was the result of a combination of local traditions and Europea ...
late 17th–18th centuries (Ukrainian lands) *
Rococo Rococo, less commonly Roccoco ( , ; or ), also known as Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and dramatic style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colours, sculpte ...
c. 1720–1789 (France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Russia, Spain)

Asian architecture contemporary with Renaissance and post-Renaissance Europe

= Japanese
= *
Shoin-zukuri is a style of Japanese architecture developed in the Muromachi period, Muromachi, Azuchi–Momoyama period, Azuchi–Momoyama and Edo period, Edo periods that forms the basis of today's traditional-style Japanese houses. Characteristics of the ...
(1560s–1860s) * Sukiya-zukuri (1530s–present) *
Minka are Vernacular architecture, vernacular houses constructed in any one of several traditional Japanese architecture, Japanese building styles. In the context of the four divisions of society, were the dwellings of farmers, artisans, and merchan ...
(Japanese commoner or folk architecture) ** Gassho-zukuri (
Edo period The , also known as the , is the period between 1600 or 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when the country was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and some 300 regional ''daimyo'', or feudal lords. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengok ...
and later) ** Honmune-zukuri (
Edo period The , also known as the , is the period between 1600 or 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when the country was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and some 300 regional ''daimyo'', or feudal lords. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengok ...
and later) * Imperial Crown Style (1919–1945) * Giyōfū architecture (1800s)

=Indian
= * Indo-Islamic * Mughal 1540- 1860 CE (Present day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh) ** Akbari ** Mughal Garden Style * Sharqi aka Janpur Style

Late Modern Period and the Industrial Revolution

Neoclassicism
1720–1837 and onward. A time often depicted as a rural idyll by the great painters, but in fact was a hive of early industrial activity, with small kilns and workshops springing up wherever materials could be mined or manufactured. After the Renaissance, neoclassical forms were developed and refined into new styles for public buildings and the gentry. New Cooperism

=Neoclassical
= * Neoclassical c. 1715–1820 * Beaux-Arts 1670+ (France) and 1880 (US) * Georgian 1720–1840s (UK, US) ** Jamaican Georgian architecture c. 1750 – c. 1850 (Jamaica) * American Colonial 1720–1780s (US) * Pombaline style 1755 – c. 1860 (Lisbon in Portugal) * Josephinischer Stil 1760–1780/90 (Austria) * Adam style 1760–1795 (England, Scotland, Russia, US) * Federal 1780–1830 (US) *
Empire An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outpost (military), outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a hegemony, dominant center and subordinate peripheries". The center of the ...
1804–1830, revival 1870 (Europe, US) *
Regency In a monarchy, a regent () is a person appointed to govern a state because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been dete ...
1811–1830 (UK) *
Antebellum Antebellum, Latin for "before war", may refer to: United States history * Antebellum South, the pre-American Civil War period in the Southern US ** Antebellum Georgia ** Antebellum South Carolina ** Antebellum Virginia * Antebellum architectu ...
1812–1861 (
Southern United States The Southern United States (sometimes Dixie, also referred to as the Southern States, the American South, the Southland, Dixieland, or simply the South) is List of regions of the United States, census regions defined by the United States Cens ...
) * Palazzo Style 1814–1930? (Europe, Australia, US) *
Neo-Palladian Palladian architecture is a European architectural style derived from the work of the Republic of Venice, Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). What is today recognised as Palladian architecture evolved from his concepts of symmetr ...
** Jeffersonian 1790s–1830s (Virginia in US) ** American Empire 1810 *
Greek Revival architecture Greek Revival architecture is a architectural style, style that began in the middle of the 18th century but which particularly flourished in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in northern Europe, the United States, and Canada, ...
** Rundbogenstil 1835–1900 (Germany) ** Neo-Grec 1845–65 (UK, US, France) *
Nordic Classicism Nordic Classicism was a Architectural style, style of architecture that briefly blossomed in the Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland) between 1910 and 1930. The style was also known as Swedish Grace architecture in Sweden. Until ...
1910–30 (Norway, Sweden, Denmark & Finland) * Polish Neoclassicism (Poland) *
New Classical architecture New Classical architecture, also known as New Classicism or Contemporary Classical architecture, is a Contemporary architecture, contemporary movement that builds upon the principles of Classical architecture. It is sometimes considered the mode ...
20th/21st century (global) *
Temple A temple (from the Latin ) is a place of worship, a building used for spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice. By convention, the specially built places of worship of some religions are commonly called "temples" in Engli ...
1832+ (global)

Revivalism and Orientalism
Late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Victorian Era was a time of giant leaps forward in technology and society, such as iron bridges, aqueducts, sewer systems, roads, canals, trains, and factories. As engineers, inventors, and businessmen they reshaped much of the British Empire, including the UK, India, Australia, South Africa, and Canada, and influenced Europe and the United States. Architecturally, they were revivalists who modified old styles to suit new purposes. * Revivalism * Resort architecture (Germany) * Victorian 1837–1901 (UK) ** See also San Francisco architecture *
Edwardian In the United Kingdom, the Edwardian era was a period in the early 20th century that spanned the reign of King Edward VII from 1901 to 1910. It is commonly extended to the start of the First World War in 1914, during the early reign of King Ge ...
1901–1910 (UK)

=Revivals started before the Victorian Era
= *
Gothic Revival Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic or neo-Gothic) is an Architectural style, architectural movement that after a gradual build-up beginning in the second half of the 17th century became a widespread movement in the first half ...
1740s+ (UK, US, Europe) **
Scots Baronial Scottish baronial or Scots baronial is an architectural style of 19th-century Gothic Revival architecture, Gothic Revival which Revivalism (architecture), revived the forms and ornaments of historical Architecture of Scotland in the Middle Ages, ...
(UK) *
Italianate The Italianate style was a distinct 19th-century phase in the history of Classical architecture. Like Palladianism and Neoclassicism, the Italianate style combined its inspiration from the models and architectural vocabulary of 16th-century It ...
1802–1890 (UK, Europe, US) * Egyptian Revival 1809–1820s, 1840s, 1920s (Europe, US) * Biedermeier 1815–1848 (Central Europe) * Russian Revival 1826–1917 (Russian Empire, Germany, Middle Asia) * Russo-Byzantine style 1861–1917 (Russian Empire, Balkans) * Russian neoclassical revival 1900–1920 (Russian Empire)

=Victorian revivals
= * Renaissance Revival 1840–1890 (UK) ** Timber frame revivals in various styles (Europe) ** Black-and-white Revival 1811+ (UK especially Chester) **
Jacobethan The Jacobethan ( ) architectural style, also known as Jacobean Revival, is the mixed national Renaissance revival style that was made popular in England from the late 1820s, which derived most of its inspiration and its repertory from the Engli ...
1830–1870 (UK) ** Tudorbethan aka Mock Tudor 1835–1885+ (UK) * Baroque Revival aka Neo-Baroque 1840?- ** Bristol Byzantine 1850–1880 ** Edwardian Baroque 1901–1922 (UK & British Empire) * Second Empire 1855–1880 (France, UK, US, Canada, Australia) ** Napoleon III style 1852–1870 (Paris, France) * Queen Anne Style 1870–1910s (UK, US) * Romanian Revival 1884-1940s (Romania)

=Orientalism
= *
Orientalism In art history, literature, and cultural studies, Orientalism is the imitation or depiction of aspects of the Eastern world (or "Orient") by writers, designers, and artists from the Western world. Orientalist painting, particularly of the Middle ...
* Neo-Mudéjar 1880s–1920s (Spain, Portugal, Bosnia, California) *
Moorish Revival Moorish Revival or Neo-Moorish is one of the exotic revival architectural styles that were adopted by architects of Europe and the Americas in the wake of Romanticism, Romanticist Orientalism. It reached the height of its popularity after the mi ...
(US, Europe) * Egyptian Revival 1920s (Europe, US; see above) * Mayan Revival 1920–1930s (US) * Indo-Saracenic Revival or Indo-Gothic, Mughal-Gothic, Neo-Mughal late 19th century (also influenced by British India, British Raj)

=Revivals in North America
= *
Romanesque Revival Romanesque Revival (or Neo-Romanesque) is a style of building employed beginning in the mid-19th century inspired by the 11th- and 12th-century Romanesque architecture. Unlike the historic Romanesque style, Romanesque Revival buildings tended t ...
1840–1930s (US) *
Gothic Revival Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic or neo-Gothic) is an Architectural style, architectural movement that after a gradual build-up beginning in the second half of the 17th century became a widespread movement in the first half ...
(see above) **
Carpenter Gothic Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic or Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architecture, Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massin ...
1870+ (US) ** High Victorian Gothic (English-speaking world) **
Collegiate Gothic Collegiate Gothic is an architectural style subgenre of Gothic Revival architecture, popular in the late-19th and early-20th centuries for college and high school buildings in the United States and Canada, and to a certain extent Europ ...
, 1910–1960 (US) *
Stick Style The Stick style was a late-19th-century American architectural style, transitional between the Carpenter Gothic style of the mid-19th century, and the Queen Anne style that it had evolved into by the 1890s. It is named after its use of linear " ...
1860–1890+ (US) * Queen Anne Style architecture (United States) 1880–1910s (US) ** Eastlake Style 1879–1905 (US) *
Richardsonian Romanesque Richardsonian Romanesque is a architectural style, style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after the American architect Henry Hobson Richardson (1838–1886). The revivalism (architecture), revival style incorporates 11th- and 12th-century ...
1880s–1905 (US) * Shingle Style 1879–1905 *
Neo-Byzantine Neo-Byzantine architecture (also referred to as Byzantine Revival) was a Revivalism (architecture), revival movement, most frequently seen in religious, institutional and public buildings. It incorporates elements of the Byzantine architecture, ...
1882–1920s (US) * Renaissance Revival ** American Renaissance ** Châteauesque 1887–1930s (Canada, US, Hungary) *** Canadian Chateau 1880s–1920s (Canada) ** Mediterranean Revival 1890s+ (US, Latin America, Europe) *
Mission Revival The Mission Revival style was part of an architectural movement, beginning in the late 19th century, for the revival and reinterpretation of American colonial styles. Mission Revival drew inspiration from the late 18th and early 19th century ...
1894–1936; (California, southwest US) ** Pueblo Revival 1898–1930+ (southwest US) *
Colonial Revival The Colonial Revival architectural style seeks to revive elements of American colonial architecture. The beginnings of the Colonial Revival style are often attributed to the Centennial Exhibition of 1876, which reawakened Americans to the arch ...
1890s+ * Dutch Colonial Revival c. 1900 (New England) * Spanish Colonial Revival 1915+ (Mexico, California, Hawaii, Florida, southwest US) * Beaux-Arts Revival 1880+ (US, Canada), 1920+ (Australia) * City Beautiful 1890–20th century (US) * Territorial Revival architecture 1930+

Other late 19th century styles
* Australian styles ** Queenslander 1840s–1960s (Australian) **
Federation A federation (also called a federal state) is an entity characterized by a political union, union of partially federated state, self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a #Federal governments, federal government (federalism) ...
1890–1920 (Australian) * Heimatstil 1870–1900 (Austria, Germany, Switzerland * Neoclásico Isabelino 1843–1897 (
Ponce, Puerto Rico Ponce ( , , ) is a city and a Municipalities of Puerto Rico, municipality on the southern coast of Puerto Rico. The most populated city outside the San Juan, Puerto Rico, San Juan metropolitan area, Ponce was founded on August 12, 1692Some publ ...
) *
Neo-Manueline Neo-Manueline is a revival style of architecture which drew from the 16th century Manueline Late Gothic architecture of Portugal. Neo-Manueline constructions have been built across Portugal, Brazil, and the Lusophone, Lusophone world (the former P ...
1840s–1910s (Portugal, Brazil, Portuguese colonies) * Dragestil 1880s–1910s (Norway) *
Palazzo style architecture Palazzo style refers to an architectural style of the 19th and 20th centuries based upon the ''Palazzo, palazzi'' (palaces) built by wealthy families of the Italian Renaissance. The term refers to the general shape, proportion and a cluster of ch ...
* Neo-Plateresque and Monterrey Style 19th-early 20th centuries (Spain, Mexico)

Rural styles
* Swiss chalet style 1840s–1920s+ (Scandinavia, Austria, Germany, later global) * Adirondack 1850s (New York, US) * National Park Service rustic aka Parkitecture 1903+ (US) * Western false front (
Western United States The Western United States (also called the American West, the Western States, the Far West, the Western territories, and the West) is List of regions of the United States, census regions United States Census Bureau. As American settlement i ...
)

Reactions to the Industrial Revolution

=Industrial
= * Industrial, 1760–present (worldwide)

=Arts and Crafts in Europe
= *
Arts and Crafts The Arts and Crafts movement was an international trend in the Decorative arts, decorative and fine arts that developed earliest and most fully in the British Isles and subsequently spread across the British Empire and to the rest of Europe and ...
1880–1910 (UK) *
Art Nouveau Art Nouveau ( ; ; ), Jugendstil and Sezessionstil in German, is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. It was often inspired by natural forms such as the sinuous curves of plants and ...
aka Jugendstil 1885–1910 ** Modernisme 1888–1911 (Catalan Art Nouveau) ** Glasgow Style 1890–1910 (Glasgow, Scotland) ** Vienna Secession 1897–1905 (Austrian Art Nouveau) **
Liberty style Liberty style ( ) was the Italian variant of Art Nouveau, which flourished between about 1890 and 1914. It was also sometimes known as ("floral style"), ("new art"), or ("modern style" not to be confused with the Spanish variant of Art Nouveau ...
1899-1914 (Italian Art Nouveau) *
National Romantic style The National Romantic style was a Nordic architectural style that was part of the National Romantic movement during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is often considered to be a form of Art Nouveau. The National Romantic style spread ...
1900–1923? (Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland)

=Arts and Crafts in the US
= *
American Craftsman American Craftsman is an American domestic architectural style, inspired by the Arts and Crafts movement, which included interior design, landscape design, applied arts, and decorative arts, beginning in the last years of the 19th century. ...
, aka American Arts and Crafts 1890s–1930 (US) * Prairie Style 1900–1917 (US) *
American Foursquare The American Foursquare (also American Four Square or American 4 Square) is an American house vernacular under the Arts and Crafts style popular from the mid-1890s to the late 1930s. A reaction to the ornate and mass-produced elements of the ...
mid-1890s – late 1930s (US) *
California Bungalow California bungalow is an alternative name for the American Craftsman style of Residential area, residential architecture, when it was applied to small-to-medium-sized homes rather than the large "ultimate bungalow" houses of designers like Green ...
1910–1939 (US, Australia, then global)

Modernism and other styles contemporary with modernism
1880 onwards. The Industrial Revolution had brought steel, plate glass, and mass-produced components. These enabled a brave new world of bold structural frames, with clean lines and plain or shiny surfaces. In the early stages, a popular motto was " decoration is a crime". In the
Eastern Bloc The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, the Workers Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was an unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were a ...
the Communists rejected the
Western Bloc The Western Bloc, also known as the Capitalist Bloc, the Freedom Bloc, the Free Bloc, and the American Bloc, was an unofficial coalition of countries that were officially allied with the United States during the Cold War (1947–1991). While ...
's 'decadent' ways, and modernism developed in a markedly more bureaucratic, sombre, and monumental fashion. *
Avant-garde In the arts and literature, the term ''avant-garde'' ( meaning or ) identifies an experimental genre or work of art, and the artist who created it, which usually is aesthetically innovative, whilst initially being ideologically unacceptable ...
**
Russian avant-garde The Russian avant-garde was a large, influential wave of avant-garde modern art that flourished in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, approximately from 1890 to 1930—although some have placed its beginning as early as 1850 and its e ...
1890–1930 (
Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...
/
Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
) **
Futurism Futurism ( ) was an Art movement, artistic and social movement that originated in Italy, and to a lesser extent in other countries, in the early 20th century. It emphasized dynamism, speed, technology, youth, violence, and objects such as the ...
1909 (Europe) * Chicago School 1880–1920, 1940s–1960s (US) * Functionalism c. 1900 – 1930s (Europe, US) *
Expressionism Expressionism is a modernist movement, initially in poetry and painting, originating in Northern Europe around the beginning of the 20th century. Its typical trait is to present the world solely from a subjective perspective, distorting it rad ...
1910 – c. 1924 **
Brick Expressionism The term Brick Expressionism () describes a specific variant of Expressionist architecture that uses bricks, tiles or clinker bricks as the main visible building material. Buildings in the style were erected mostly in the 1920s, primarily in Ge ...
**
Amsterdam School The Amsterdam School (Dutch: ''Amsterdamse School'') is a style of architecture that arose from 1910 through about 1930 in the Netherlands. The Amsterdam School movement is part of international Expressionist architecture, sometimes linked ...
1912–1924 (Netherlands) * Organic architecture (Germany, Northern Europe) *
New Objectivity The New Objectivity (in ) was a movement in German art that arose during the 1920s as a reaction against German Expressionism, expressionism. The term was coined by Gustav Friedrich Hartlaub, the director of the ''Kunsthalle Mannheim, Kunsthalle' ...
1920–1939 (Italy, Germany, Netherlands, Budapest) *
Rationalism In philosophy, rationalism is the Epistemology, epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" or "the position that reason has precedence over other ways of acquiring knowledge", often in contrast to ot ...
1920s–1930s (Italy) *
Bauhaus The Staatliches Bauhaus (), commonly known as the , was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined Decorative arts, crafts and the fine arts.Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4th edn., ...
1919–1930+ (Germany, Northern Europe) *
De Stijl De Stijl (, ; 'The Style') was a Dutch art movement founded in 1917 by a group of artists and architects based in Leiden (Theo van Doesburg, Jacobus Oud, J.J.P. Oud), Voorburg (Vilmos Huszár, Jan Wils) and Laren, North Holland, Laren (Piet Mo ...
1920s (Netherlands, Europe) * Moderne 1925+ (global) **
Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French (), is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design that first Art Deco in Paris, appeared in Paris in the 1910s just before World War I and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920 ...
1925–1940s (global,
list A list is a Set (mathematics), set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of t ...
) **
Streamline Moderne Streamline Moderne is an international style of Art Deco architecture and design that emerged in the 1930s. Inspired by Aerodynamics, aerodynamic design, it emphasized curving forms, long horizontal lines, and sometimes nautical elements. In indu ...
1930–1937 *
Modernism Modernism was an early 20th-century movement in literature, visual arts, and music that emphasized experimentation, abstraction, and Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy), subjective experience. Philosophy, politics, architecture, and soc ...
1927–1960s *
International Style The International Style is a major architectural style and movement that began in western Europe in the 1920s and dominated modern architecture until the 1970s. It is defined by strict adherence to Functionalism (architecture), functional and Fo ...
1930+ (Europe, US) * Usonian 1936–1940s (US)

Modernism under communism
* Constructivism 1925–1932 (USSR) * Postconstructivism 1932–1941 (USSR) * Stalinist 1933–1955 (USSR)

Fascist/Nazi
*
Fascist architecture Fascist architecture encompasses various stylistic trends in architecture developed by architects of fascist states, primarily in the early 20th century. Fascist architectural styles gained popularity in the late 1920s with the ri ...
*
Nazi Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...
1933–1944 (Germany)

Post-Second World War
* Modernism (continued) * International Style (continued) *
New town New or NEW may refer to: Music * New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz (South Korean band), The Boyz * New (album), ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013 ** New (Paul McCartney song), "New" (Paul McCartney song), 2013 * New (EP), ''New'' (EP), ...
s 1946–1968+ (UK, global) *
Mid-century modern Mid-century modern (MCM) is a movement in interior design, product design, graphic design, architecture and urban development that was present in all the world, but more popular in North America, Brazil and Europe from roughly 1945 to 197 ...
1950s (California, etc.) * Googie 1950s (US) *
Brutalism Brutalist architecture is an architectural style that emerged during the 1950s in the United Kingdom, among the reconstruction projects of the post-war era. Brutalist buildings are characterised by minimalist constructions that showcase the b ...
1950s–1970s *
Structuralism Structuralism is an intellectual current and methodological approach, primarily in the social sciences, that interprets elements of human culture by way of their relationship to a broader system. It works to uncover the structural patterns t ...
1950s–1970s ** Megastructures 1960s * Metabolist 1959 (Japan) * Danish Functionalism 1960s (Denmark) * Tendenza 1965-1985 (Italy) *
High-tech High technology (high tech or high-tech), also known as advanced technology (advanced tech) or exotechnology, is technology that is at the cutting edge: the highest form of technology available. It can be defined as either the most complex or ...
/
Structural Expressionism High-tech architecture, also known as structural expressionism, is a type of Modern architecture#Late modernist architecture, late modernist architecture that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high tech industry and technology into ...
1970s+ ** Bowellism 1975s+

=Other 20th century styles
= * Heimatschutz Architecture 1900–1940 (Austria, Germany) * Ponce Creole 1895–1920 ( Ponce in Puerto Rico) *
Heliopolis style Heliopolis style is an early 20th-century architectural style developed in the new suburb of Heliopolis (Cairo Suburb), Heliopolis in eastern Cairo, Egypt. The Belgian Cairo Electric Railways and Heliopolis Oases Company, responsible for planning ...
1905 – c. 1935 (Egypt) *
Traditionalist School Traditionalism, also known as the Traditionalist School, is a school of thought within perennial philosophy. Originating in the thought of René Guénon in the 20th century, it proposes that a single primordial, metaphysical truth forms the so ...
1910–1960 (Netherlands, Northern Europe) * Minimal Traditional 1930s–1940s (US) * Soft Portuguese 1940–1955 (Portugal & colonies) * Ranch-style 1940s–1970s (US) * Jengki style (Indonesia)

Postmodernism and early 21st century styles
*
Postmodernism Postmodernism encompasses a variety of artistic, Culture, cultural, and philosophical movements that claim to mark a break from modernism. They have in common the conviction that it is no longer possible to rely upon previous ways of depicting ...
1960+ (US, UK) **
Deconstructivism Deconstructivism is a postmodern architecture, postmodern architectural movement which appeared in the 1980s. It gives the impression of the fragmentation of the constructed building, commonly characterised by an absence of obvious harmony, ...
1982+ (Europe, US, Far East) ** Shed Style *
Arcology Arcology, a Blend word, portmanteau of "architecture" and "ecology",. is a field of creating architectural design principles for very densely populated and Sustainable development, ecologically low-impact human habitats. The term was coined in ...
1970s+ (Europe) * Critical regionalism 1983+ * Interactive architecture 2000+ *
Sustainable architecture Sustainable architecture is architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings through improved efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, development space and the ecosystem at large. Sometimes, su ...
2000+ **
Earthship An Earthship is a style of architecture developed in the late 20th century to early 21st century by architect Mike Reynolds (architect), Michael Reynolds. Earthships are designed to behave as Passive solar building design, passive solar earth s ...
1980+ (Started in US, now global) **
Green building Green building (also known as green construction, sustainable building, or eco-friendly building) refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's li ...
2000+ ** Natural building 2000+ * Neo-Andean 2005+ * Neo-futurism late 1960s-early 21st century *
New Classical Architecture New Classical architecture, also known as New Classicism or Contemporary Classical architecture, is a Contemporary architecture, contemporary movement that builds upon the principles of Classical architecture. It is sometimes considered the mode ...
1980+ ** Berlin Style 1990s+ * Blobitecture 2003+ * Parametricism 2008+ * Mass timber 2010s+

Fortified styles
*
Fortification A fortification (also called a fort, fortress, fastness, or stronghold) is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Lati ...
6800 BC+ **
Ringfort Ringforts or ring forts are small circular fortification, fortified settlements built during the Bronze Age, Iron Age and early Middle Ages up to about the year 1000 AD. They are found in Northern Europe, especially in Ireland. There are ...
800 BC – 400 AD **
Dzong Dzong architecture is used for dzongs, a distinctive type of fortified monastery (, , ) architectural style, architecture found mainly in Bhutan and Tibet. The architecture is massive in style with towering exterior walls surrounding a complex of ...
17th century+ **
Star fort A bastion fort or ''trace italienne'' (a phrase derived from non-standard French, meaning 'Italian outline') is a fortification in a style developed during the early modern period in response to the ascendancy of gunpowder weapons such as c ...
1530–1800? ** Polygonal fort 1850?-

Vernacular styles
*
Vernacular architecture Vernacular architecture (also folk architecture) is building done outside any academic tradition, and without professional guidance. It is not a particular architectural movement or style but rather a broad category, encompassing a wide range a ...

Generic methods
* Natural building * Ice – Igloo,
quinzhee A quinzhee or quinzee () is a Canadian snow shelter made from a large pile of loose snow that is shaped, then hollowed. This is in contrast to an igloo, which is built up from blocks of hard snow, and a snow cave, constructed by digging into the ...
*
Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to Planetary habitability, harbor life. This is enabled by Earth being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all ...
– Cob house,
sod house The sod house or soddy was a common alternative to the log cabin during frontier settlement of the Great Plains of North America in the 1800s and early 1900s. Primarily used at first for animal shelters, corrals, and fences, they came into use ...
,
adobe Adobe (from arabic: الطوب Attub ; ) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is use ...
,
mudbrick Mudbrick or mud-brick, also known as unfired brick, is an air-dried brick, made of a mixture of mud (containing loam, clay, sand and water) mixed with a binding material such as rice husks or straw. Mudbricks are known from 9000 BCE. From ...
house,
rammed earth Rammed earth is a technique for construction, constructing foundations, floors, and walls using compacted natural raw materials such as soil, earth, chalk, Lime (material), lime, or gravel. It is an ancient method that has been revived recently ...
* Timber –
Log cabin A log cabin is a small log house, especially a minimally finished or less architecturally sophisticated structure. Log cabins have an ancient history in Europe, and in America are often associated with first-generation home building by settl ...
,
log house A log house, or log building, is a structure built with horizontal logs interlocked at the corners by notching. Logs may be round, squared or hewn to other shapes, either handcrafted or milled. The term "log cabin" generally refers to a smal ...
,
Carpenter Gothic Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic or Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architecture, Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massin ...
, roundhouse,
stilt house Stilt houses (also called pile dwellings or lake dwellings) are houses raised on Stilts (architecture), stilts (or piles) over the surface of the soil or a body of water. Stilt houses are built primarily as a protection against flooding; they als ...
* Nomadic structures –
Yaranga A Yaranga ( Chukchi: ) is a tent-like traditional mobile home of some nomadic Northern indigenous peoples of Russia, such as Chukchi and Siberian Yupik. A Yaranga is a cone-shaped or rounded reindeer-hide tent. It is built of a light wooden ...
, bender tent * Temporary structures –
Quonset hut A Quonset hut is a lightweight prefabricated structure of corrugated galvanized steel with a semi-circular cross-section. The design was developed in the United States based on the Nissen hut introduced by the British during World War I. Hund ...
,
Nissen hut A Nissen hut is a prefabricated steel structure originally for military use, especially as barracks, made from a 210° portion of a cylindrical skin of corrugated iron. It was designed during the First World War by the Canadian-American-British e ...
, prefabricated home * Underground – Underground living,
rock-cut architecture Rock-cut architecture is the creation of structures, buildings, and sculptures by excavating solid Rock (geology), rock where it naturally occurs. Intensely laborious when using ancient tools and methods, rock-cut architecture was presumably combi ...
, monolithic church, pit-house * Modern low-energy systems – Straw-bale construction, earthbag construction, rice-hull bagwall construction,
earthship An Earthship is a style of architecture developed in the late 20th century to early 21st century by architect Mike Reynolds (architect), Michael Reynolds. Earthships are designed to behave as Passive solar building design, passive solar earth s ...
, earth house * Various styles –
Longhouse A longhouse or long house is a type of long, proportionately narrow, single-room building for communal dwelling. It has been built in various parts of the world including Asia, Europe, and North America. Many were built from lumber, timber and ...

European
* European Arctic (North Norway and Sweden, Finland, North Russia) – Sami lavvu, Sami goahti * Northwest Europe (Norway, Sweden, Fresia, Jutland, Denmark, North Poland, UK, Iceland) – Norse architecture, heathen hofs, Viking ring fortress,
fogou A fogou or fougou (pronounced "foo-goo") is an underground, dry-stone structure found on Iron Age or Romano-British-defended settlement sites in Cornwall. The original purpose of a fogou is uncertain today. Colloquially called , , , giant holts ...
,
souterrain ''Souterrain'' (from French ', meaning "subterrain", is a name given by archaeologists to a type of underground structure associated mainly with the European Atlantic Iron Age. These structures appear to have been brought northwards from Gaul d ...
, Grubenhaus (also known as Grubhouse or Grubhut) * Central and Eastern Europe – Burdei, zemlyanka * Bulgaria – Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo *
Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...
* Germany –
Black Forest house The Black Forest houseDickinson, Robert E (1964). ''Germany: A regional and economic geography'' (2nd ed.). London: Methuen, p. 154. . () is a byre-dwelling that is found mainly in the central and southern parts of the Black Forest in southweste ...
, Swiss chalet style,
Gulf house A Gulf house (), also called a Gulf farmhouse (''Gulfhof'') or East Frisian house (''Ostfriesenhaus''), is a type of byre-dwelling that emerged in the 16th and 17th centuries in North Germany.Vollmer, Manfred et al., ''Landscape and Cultural Her ...
(aka East Frisian house), Geestharden house (aka Cimbrian house, Schleswig house), Haubarg, Low German house (aka Low Saxon house),
Middle German house The Middle German house () is a style of traditional German farmhouse which is predominantly found in Central Germany. It is known by a variety of other names, many of which indicate its regional distribution: * ''Ernhaus'' (hall house, hall ki ...
, Reed house, Seaside resort house, Ständerhaus, Uthland-Frisian house * Netherlands –
Frisian farmhouse A "Head-Neck-Body farmhouse" () or Head-Neck-Rump farmhouse is a typical Frisian farmhouse.Vollmer, Manfred et al. (2001). ''Landscape and Cultural Heritage in the Wadden Sea Region'', Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 12 - 2001, CWSS, Wilhelmshaven, p. ...
, Old Frisian longhouse, Bildts farmhouse * Iceland – Turf houses * Ireland – Clochán,
Crannog A crannog (; ; ) is typically a partially or entirely artificial island, usually constructed in lakes, bogs and estuary, estuarine waters of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Unlike the prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps, which were built ...
* Italy –
Trullo A trullo (plural, trulli) is a Vernacular architecture, traditional Apulian dry stone hut with a conical roof. Their style of construction is specific to the Itria Valley, in the Murge area of the Italian region of Apulia. Trulli were generally ...
* Lithuania – Kaunas modernism, Lithuanian folk architecture, Polish-Lithuanian wooden synagogues * Norway – Architecture of Norway: Post church, Palisade church, Stave church, Norwegian Turf house, Vernacular architecture in Norway, Rorbu, Dragestil, also
National Romantic style The National Romantic style was a Nordic architectural style that was part of the National Romantic movement during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is often considered to be a form of Art Nouveau. The National Romantic style spread ...
, Swiss chalet style and Nordic Classicism buildings * Poland –
Zakopane Zakopane (Gorals#Language, Podhale Goral: ''Zokopane'') is a town in the south of Poland, in the southern part of the Podhale region at the foot of the Tatra Mountains. From 1975 to 1998, it was part of Nowy Sącz Voivodeship; since 1999, it has ...
, Polish-Lithuanian wooden synagogues, wooden churches of Southern Lesser Poland, Upper Lusatian house * Romania – Carpathian vernacular,
wooden churches of Maramureș The wooden churches of Maramureș in the Maramureș (historical region), Maramureș region of northern Transylvania are a group of almost one hundred Romanian Orthodox Church, Orthodox churches, and occasionally Romanian Church United with Rome, Gr ...
* Russia –
Dacha A dacha (Belarusian, Ukrainian language, Ukrainian and rus, дача, p=ˈdatɕə, a=ru-dacha.ogg) is a seasonal or year-round second home, often located in the exurbs of former Soviet Union, post-Soviet countries, including Russia. A cottage (, ...
*
Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...
– Medieval turf building in Cronberry, blackhouses * Slovakia – Wooden churches of the Slovak Carpathians * Spain – Asturian teito, Asturian
hórreo An ''hórreo'' is a typical granary from the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Asturias, Galicia (Spain), Galicia, where it might be called a Galician granary, and Northern Portugal), built in wood or stone, raised from the ground (to keep ro ...
, Gallician palloza * Ukraine – Wooden churches * United Kingdom – Dartmoor longhouse, Neolithic long house, palisade church, mid-20th-century system-built houses ** Scotland –
Broch In archaeology, a broch is an British Iron Age, Iron Age drystone hollow-walled structure found in Scotland. Brochs belong to the classification "complex Atlantic roundhouse" devised by Scottish archaeologists in the 1980s. Brochs are round ...
, Atlantic roundhouse,
crannog A crannog (; ; ) is typically a partially or entirely artificial island, usually constructed in lakes, bogs and estuary, estuarine waters of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Unlike the prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps, which were built ...
, dun

African
* Central and South African countries – Rondavel, Xhosa and Zulu Architecture, Zimbabwean Architecture, Sotho-Tswana Architecture, Zulu and Nguni Architecture, and Madagascan Architecture * Dutch Colonial,
Cape Dutch Cape Dutch, also commonly known as Cape Afrikaners, were a historic socioeconomic class of Afrikaners who lived in the Western Cape during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The terms have been evoked to describe an affluent, educated sect ...

Asian
* China **
Yaodong A yaodong (窰 in native Jin Chinese, or 窰洞 ''yáodòng'' in Beijing Mandarin) is a particular form of Earth sheltering, earth shelter dwelling common in the Loess Plateau in China's north. They are generally carved out of a hillside or exc ...
**
Siheyuan A ''siheyuan'' (; ɹ̩̂.xɤ̌.ɥɛ̂n is a traditional Chinese architectural style characterized by a courtyard enclosed by buildings on all four sides. This design was prevalent throughout China, notably in Beijing and rural Shanxi. Historic ...
** Tulou **
Shanxi Shanxi; Chinese postal romanization, formerly romanised as Shansi is a Provinces of China, province in North China. Its capital and largest city of the province is Taiyuan, while its next most populated prefecture-level cities are Changzhi a ...
**
Hokkien Hokkien ( , ) is a Varieties of Chinese, variety of the Southern Min group of Chinese language, Chinese languages. Native to and originating from the Minnan region in the southeastern part of Fujian in southeastern China, it is also referred ...
**
Cantonese Cantonese is the traditional prestige variety of Yue Chinese, a Sinitic language belonging to the Sino-Tibetan language family. It originated in the city of Guangzhou (formerly known as Canton) and its surrounding Pearl River Delta. While th ...
** Hui **
Hakka The Hakka (), sometimes also referred to as Hakka-speaking Chinese, or Hakka Chinese, or Hakkas, are a southern Han Chinese subgroup whose principal settlements and ancestral homes are dispersed widely across the provinces of southern China ...
**
Jiangxi ; Gan: ) , translit_lang1_type2 = , translit_lang1_info2 = , translit_lang1_type3 = , translit_lang1_info3 = , image_map = Jiangxi in China (+all claims hatched).svg , mapsize = 275px , map_caption = Location ...
**
Sichuan Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China, occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau—between the Jinsha River to the west, the Daba Mountains to the north, and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the south. Its capital city is Cheng ...
** Pang uk ( Architecture of Hong Kong) *
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
– Rock-cut, Toda hut * Indonesia – Rumah adat * Iran, Turkey –
Caravanserai A caravanserai (or caravansary; ) was an inn that provided lodging for travelers, merchants, and Caravan (travellers), caravans. They were present throughout much of the Islamic world. Depending on the region and period, they were called by a ...
* Iran – Yakhchal * Israel –
Rock-cut tombs A rock-cut tomb is a burial chamber that is cut into an existing, naturally occurring rock formation, so a type of rock-cut architecture. They are usually cut into a cliff or sloping rock face, but may go downward in fairly flat ground. It was a ...
* Japan –
Minka are Vernacular architecture, vernacular houses constructed in any one of several traditional Japanese architecture, Japanese building styles. In the context of the four divisions of society, were the dwellings of farmers, artisans, and merchan ...
* Mongolia –
Yurt A yurt (from the Turkic languages) or ger (Mongolian language, Mongolian) is a portable, round tent covered and Thermal insulation, insulated with Hide (skin), skins or felt and traditionally used as a dwelling by several distinct Nomad, nomad ...
* Papua New Guinea – Papua New Guinea stilt house * Philippines – Bahay kubo, Jin-jin, Torogan, Bale * Russia – Siberian chum * Thailand – Thai stilt house * Myanmar – Shwenandaw Monastery

Australasian
* Australia, New Zealand – slab hut * Australia – Aborigine humpy

Alphabetical listing

Examples of styles
File:Colosseum in Rome, Italy - April 2007.jpg, alt=Colosseum,
Ancient Roman architecture Ancient Roman architecture adopted the external language of classical ancient Greek architecture for the purposes of the ancient Romans, but was different from Greek buildings, becoming a new architectural style. The two styles are often consi ...
:
Colosseum The Colosseum ( ; , ultimately from Ancient Greek word "kolossos" meaning a large statue or giant) is an Ellipse, elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy, just east of the Roman Forum. It is the largest ancient amphi ...
, an amphitheater in
Rome, Italy Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...
(1st century AD) File:Isfahan Royal Mosque general.JPG, Persian Islamic architecture from the 7th- to 9th-century period: the Shah Mosque, Naqsh-i Jahan Square, Iran File:Church of Christ Pantocrator Nesebar.jpg, Late
Byzantine architecture Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Roman Empire, usually dated from 330 AD, when Constantine the Great established a new Roman capital in Byzantium, which became Constantinople, until the Fall of Cons ...
of the Tarnovo school in Bulgaria File:St Vitus.jpg,
Gothic architecture Gothic architecture is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High Middle Ages, High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. It evolved f ...
: St. Vitus Cathedral in
Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...
, Czech Republic File:Juleum.jpg, Weser Renaissance style: Juleum in Helmstedt, Germany File:Melk - Stift (2).JPG,
Baroque architecture Baroque architecture is a highly decorative and theatrical style which appeared in Italy in the late 16th century and gradually spread across Europe. It was originally introduced by the Catholic Church, particularly by the Jesuits, as a means to ...
: Melk Abbey, Austria File:Vilnius Cathedral Facade.jpg,
Neoclassical architecture Neoclassical architecture, sometimes referred to as Classical Revival architecture, is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassicism, Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy, France and Germany. It became one of t ...
: Cathedral of Vilnius in Lithuania File:Baederarchitektur-Binz 1658.jpg,
Historicism Historicism is an approach to explaining the existence of phenomena, especially social and cultural practices (including ideas and beliefs), by studying the process or history by which they came about. The term is widely used in philosophy, ant ...
: Resort architecture in Binz on Rugia Island, a specific style common in German seaside resorts File:Poland, Sopot, tenement house (1904) Lipowa 9 Str..jpg,
Secession Secession is the formal withdrawal of a group from a Polity, political entity. The process begins once a group proclaims an act of secession (such as a declaration of independence). A secession attempt might be violent or peaceful, but the goal i ...
: Tenement house in Sopot, Poland, built 1904 File:Bauhaus weimar.jpg, Early modern architecture:
Bauhaus University The Bauhaus-Universität Weimar is a university located in Weimar, Germany, and specializes in the artistic and technical fields. Established in 1860 as the Great Ducal Saxon Art School, it gained collegiate status on 3 June 1910. In 1919 the s ...
in
Weimar Weimar is a city in the state (Germany), German state of Thuringia, in Central Germany (cultural area), Central Germany between Erfurt to the west and Jena to the east, southwest of Leipzig, north of Nuremberg and west of Dresden. Together w ...
, Germany, built 1911 File:Wells Fargo Center from Foshay.jpg,
Postmodern architecture Postmodern architecture is a style or movement which emerged in the 1960s as a reaction against the austerity, formality, and lack of variety of modern architecture, particularly in the International Style (architecture), international style adv ...
: Wells Fargo Center in
Minneapolis Minneapolis is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States, and its county seat. With a population of 429,954 as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the state's List of cities in Minnesota, most populous city. Locat ...
, Minnesota, U.S., completed 1988 File:Former Kaichi School03 1024.jpg, A stylised façade in Giyōfū architecture: Kaichi School Museum Japan (1800s) File:Banco de Ponce.jpg, Beaux-Arts architecture in a bank's building façade in Puerto Rico File:Plaza del Mercado Isabel II in Ponce, PR (IMG 2684).jpg,
Art Deco Art Deco, short for the French (), is a style of visual arts, architecture, and product design that first Art Deco in Paris, appeared in Paris in the 1910s just before World War I and flourished in the United States and Europe during the 1920 ...
architecture in a city marketplace building

See also
* National Register of Historic Places architectural style categories * Architectural design values * Feminism and modern architecture *
List of house styles This list of house styles lists styles of vernacular architecture – i.e., outside any academic tradition – used in the design of house A house is a single-unit residential building. It may range in complexity from a rudimentary hut to ...
* Sacred architecture **
Architecture of cathedrals and great churches Cathedrals, collegiate churches, and monastic churches like those of abbeys and priories, often have certain complex structural forms that are found less often in parish churches. They also tend to display a higher level of contemporary a ...
**
Synagogue architecture Synagogue architecture often follows styles in vogue at the place and time of construction. There is no set blueprint for synagogues and architectural shapes and interior designs of synagogues vary greatly. According to tradition, the Shekhinah ...
* Timeline of architecture * Timeline of architectural styles * Parametricism

References
* * Lewis, Philippa; Gillian Darley (1986). ''Dictionary of Ornament'', NY: Pantheon * Baker, John Milnes, AIA (1994) ''American House Styles'', NY: Norton

Further reading
* Hamlin Alfred Dwight Foster, ''History of Architectural Styles'', BiblioBazaar, 2009 * Carson Dunlop, ''Architectural Styles'', Dearborn Real Estate, 2003 * Herbert Pothorn, ''A guide to architectural styles'', Phaidon, 1983

External links

Victoria & Albert Museum Microsite on Introduction to Architectural Styles
{{DEFAULTSORT:Architectural Style Architectural design Architectural history