The Metropolis of Greater Paris (, ),
[There is an English translation.] also known as Greater Paris, is a ''
métropole
A (; French for "metropolis") is an administrative entity in France, in which several communes cooperate, and which has the right to levy local tax, an ''établissement public de coopération intercommunale à fiscalité propre''. It is the mo ...
'' covering the
City of Paris and its nearest surrounding suburbs that was created from Sarkozy's renovation of the city.
The ''métropole'' came into existence on 1 January 2016; it comprises 130
communes, including Paris and all 123 communes in the surrounding inner-suburban departments of the ''Petite Couronne'' (
Hauts-de-Seine
Hauts-de-Seine (; ) is a department in the ÃŽle-de-France region of France. It covers Paris's western inner suburbs. It is bordered by Paris, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne to the east, Val-d'Oise to the north, Yvelines to the west and ...
,
Seine-Saint-Denis
() is a department of France located in the Grand Paris metropolis in the region. In French, it is often referred to colloquially as ' or ' ("ninety-three" or "nine three"), after its official administrative number, 93. Its prefecture is Bobi ...
and
Val-de-Marne
Val-de-Marne (, "Vale of the Marne") is a department of France located in the ÃŽle-de-France region. Named after the river Marne, it is situated in the Grand Paris metropolis to the southeast of the City of Paris. In 2019, Val-de-Marne had a ...
), plus seven communes in two of the outer-suburban departments, including the communes of
Argenteuil
Argenteuil () is a Communes of France, commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. Argenteuil is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture of the Val-d'Oise Departments of France, ...
in
Val-d'Oise
Val-d'Oise (, "Vale of the Oise") is a department in the ÃŽle-de-France region, Northern France. It was created in 1968 following the split of the Seine-et-Oise department. In 2019, Val-d'Oise had a population of 1,249,674.[< ...]
,
Savigny-sur-Orge,
Juvisy-sur-Orge
Juvisy-sur-Orge (, literally ''Juvisy on Orge'') is a commune in the Essonne department in ÃŽle-de-France in northern France. It is located southeast of Paris and a few kilometres south of Orly Airport.
The city is known for Gare de Juvisy, ...
,
Viry-Châtillon and
Paray-Vieille-Poste in
Essonne
Essonne () is a department in the southern part of the ÃŽle-de-France region in Northern France. It is named after the river Essonne. In 2019, it had a population of 1,301,659, across 194 communes.[Orly Airport
Paris Orly Airport (, ) is one of two international airports serving Paris, France, the other one being Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG). It is located partially in Orly and partially in Villeneuve-le-Roi, south of Paris. It serves as a sec ...]
.
Part of the ''métropole'' comprises the
Seine
The Seine ( , ) is a river in northern France. Its drainage basin is in the Paris Basin (a geological relative lowland) covering most of northern France. It rises at Source-Seine, northwest of Dijon in northeastern France in the Langres plat ...
department, which existed from 1929 to 1968.
Grand Paris covers 814 square kilometers (314 square miles), and has a population of over 7 million.
[ The ''métropole'' is administered by a metropolitan council of 210 members, not directly elected, but chosen by the councils of the member communes. Its responsibilities include urban planning, housing, as well as environment protection.
]
History
The idea of Greater Paris was originally proposed by French President Nicolas Sarkozy
Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa ( ; ; born 28 January 1955) is a French politician who served as President of France from 2007 to 2012. In 2021, he was found guilty of having tried to bribe a judge in 2014 to obtain information ...
as "a new global plan for the Paris metropolitan region" It first led to a new transportation master plan for the Paris region and to plans to develop several areas around Paris. The "Métropole du Grand Paris" was defined by the law of 27 January 2014 on the modernization of public territorial action and affirmation of cities as part of Act III of decentralization. The plans were considerably modified in December 2015, and the passage into action in two competences, economic development and protection of the environment was delayed from 2016 to 2017.
The plan was first announced on 17 September 2007 during the inauguration of "La Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine", when Sarkozy declared his intent to create a "new comprehensive development project for Greater Paris". The project was organized by the French state, with the Minister of Culture and Communication charged with coordinating the consultation process.
In 2008 an international urban and architectural competition for the future development of metropolitan Paris was launched. Ten teams gathering architects, urban planners, geographers, landscape architects will offer their vision for building a Paris metropolis of the 21st century in the post-Kyoto era and make a prospective diagnosis for Paris and its suburbs that will define future developments in Greater Paris for the next 40 years.
The architects leading the ten multi-disciplinary teams were: Jean Nouvel
Jean Nouvel (; born 12 August 1945) is a French architect. Nouvel studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and was a founding member of ''Mars 1976'' and ''Syndicat de l'Architecture'', France’s first labor union for architects. He has ob ...
, Christian de Portzamparc
Christian de Portzamparc (; born 5 May 1944) is a French architect and urbanist.
He graduated from the École Nationale des Beaux Arts in Paris in 1970. His projects reflect a sensibility to their environment and to urbanism that is a found ...
, Antoine Grumbach, Roland Castro, Yves Lion, Djamel Klouche, Richard Rogers
Richard George Rogers, Baron Rogers of Riverside (23 July 1933 – 18 December 2021) was a British-Italian architect noted for his modernist and constructivist designs in high-tech architecture. He was the founder at Rogers Stirk Harbour + ...
, Bernardo Secchi, Paola Viganò, Finn Geipel, Giulia Andi, and Winy Maas.
Early versions of the plan proposed reforms to the local government structure of the Paris region by creating an integrated urban community encompassing the City of Paris and the surrounding Petite Couronne, However, these were largely abandoned due to strong opposition from the socialist Mayor of Paris, Bertrand Delanoë, and the socialist head of the Île de France region, Jean-Paul Huchon.
Objectives
The original plan for the Métropole declared these objectives: "The Métropole of Grand Paris is established in order to define and implement metropolitan action to improve the quality of life of its residents, reduce inequalities between regions within it, to develop an urban, social and economic sustainability model, tools to improve attractiveness and competitiveness for the benefit of the entire national territory. The Métropole of Grand Paris is developing a metropolitan project. The residents are associated with its development according to the guidelines determined by the metropolitan council as laid down by the development council.
This metropolitan project defines the general guidelines of the policy pursued by the Métropole of Grand Paris. It forms part of the implementation of the overall scheme of the Ile-de-France region. It includes a general, social, economic and environmental analysis of the metropolitan area, the strategic guidelines for the development of the metropolis as well as priority areas for intervention. The Metro project can be developed with the support of the Land and Technical Agency of the Paris Region, the International Workshop on Greater Paris, the Urban Planning Agencies and any other useful body."
Transportation
Independently to the process described above, a position of Minister for Le Grand Paris was created and Christian Blanc was appointed to occupy it. Blanc and his team prepared a transportation plan, announced on April 29, 2009. The ÃŽle-de-France region had already published its own transportation plan. Later, the architects of the consultation joined together to present a third transportation plan. After much negotiation, a compromise between the national government and the ÃŽle-de-France regional government was announced in January 2011 and the final plan subsequently approved.
The transport plan will be carried out in ten years, at a cost of 35 billion euros funded by the state, local governments and new debt. An important part of the project is a driverless subway linking important business and residential poles such as Versailles and the Charles de Gaulle airport but also banlieues like Montfermeil and Clichy-sous-Bois through a figure-eight track 140 km long and operating 24-hour, which will alone cost 21 billion euros. Another 14 billion euros will be spent in the extension and re-equipment of existing metro, regional and suburban lines.
Criticism
The way Le Grand Paris has been handled was criticized by the architects themselves, especially by Jean Nouvel
Jean Nouvel (; born 12 August 1945) is a French architect. Nouvel studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and was a founding member of ''Mars 1976'' and ''Syndicat de l'Architecture'', France’s first labor union for architects. He has ob ...
who wrote several virulent editorials against the Minister in charge of Le Grand Paris until June 2010, Christian Blanc.
Politically, the President of the ÃŽle-de-France
The ÃŽle-de-France (; ; ) is the most populous of the eighteen regions of France, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 residents on 1 January 2023. Centered on the capital Paris, it is located in the north-central part of the cou ...
region, Jean-Paul Huchon, and the Mayor of Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
, Bertrand Delanoë, both members of the French Socialist Party
The Socialist Party ( , PS) is a Centre-left politics, centre-left to Left-wing politics, left-wing List of political parties in France, political party in France. It holds Social democracy, social democratic and Pro-Europeanism, pro-European v ...
, opposed the initiatives taken by the national government, which they said were against the devolution of urban planning matters to local governments. In October 2011, Delanoë stated that the President "is trying to claim for himself an urban dynamic begun long ago by the local governments". Although Huchon had reached an agreement with the national government earlier in the year on the transportation network, he also declared that Grand Paris "is not a generic term to cover everything that is going on on the territory of the Île-de-France region (...) and even less a national certificate created to relabel local policies that were already in existence." Political opposition was also strong from the Green Party
A green party is a formally organized political party based on the principles of green politics, such as environmentalism and social justice.
Green party platforms typically embrace Social democracy, social democratic economic policies and fo ...
, led in the Île-de-France region by Cécile Duflot.
Établissements Publics Territoriaux of the Grand Paris
The 130 communes of the Métropole du Grand Paris are grouped in 12 ''établissements publics territoriaux'' (EPT) or territoires, which replaced the existing inter-communal public institutions and inherited their competences such as sport and socio-cultural amenities, water supply, sanitation, waste management and some urban and social policies.
Communes
The Métropole du Grand Paris consists of the following 130 communes:[Métropole du Grand Paris (N° SIREN : 200054781)]
BANATIC. Accessed 4 November 2024.Intercommunalité : Métropole du Grand Paris
INSEE
#Ablon-sur-Seine
Ablon-sur-Seine (, literally ''Ablon on Seine'') is a Communes of France, commune in the Val-de-Marne Departments of France, department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris.
Ablon h ...
#Alfortville
Alfortville () is a Communes of France, commune in the Val-de-Marne Departments of France, department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. It is one of the 13 communes in the interc ...
# Antony
# Arcueil
#Argenteuil
Argenteuil () is a Communes of France, commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. Argenteuil is a Subprefectures in France, sub-prefecture of the Val-d'Oise Departments of France, ...
#Asnières-sur-Seine
Asnières-sur-Seine () is a Communes of France, commune in the Hauts-de-Seine Departments of France, department and Île-de-France Regions of France, region of north-central France. It lies on the left bank of the river Seine, some eight kilometr ...
# Athis-Mons
#Aubervilliers
Aubervilliers () is a communes of France, commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis departments of France, department, ÃŽle-de-France regions of France, region, northeastern suburbs of Paris, France.
Geography
Localisation
Aubervilliers is one of th ...
# Aulnay-sous-Bois
# Bagneux
# Bagnolet
#Le Blanc-Mesnil
() is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris, between Charles de Gaulle Airport and Le Bourget Airport.
Name
The name Le Blanc-Mesnil was recorded for the first time in the 11th centu ...
# Bobigny
#Bois-Colombes
Bois-Colombes () is a commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department, in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. International companies such as Colgate-Palmolive, IBM and Aviva have their French headquart ...
# Boissy-Saint-Léger
# Bondy
# Bonneuil-sur-Marne
#Boulogne-Billancourt
Boulogne-Billancourt (; often colloquially called simply Boulogne, until 1924 Boulogne-sur-Seine, ) is a wealthy and prestigious Communes of France, commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France, located from the Kilometre zero, centre of Paris ...
#Le Bourget
Le Bourget () is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.
The commune features Le Bourget Airport, which in turn hosts the Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace (Air and Space Museum). A very ...
#Bourg-la-Reine
Bourg-la-Reine () is a Communes of France, commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris.
History
In 1792, during the French Revolution, Bourg-la-Reine (meaning "Town of the Queen") w ...
#Bry-sur-Marne
Bry-sur-Marne (, 'Bry-on- Marne') is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris.
Part of the Métropole du Grand Paris, on the departmental border with Seine-Sain ...
#Cachan
Cachan () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.
The prestigious École Spéciale des Travaux Publics is located there.
Name
During the Middle Ages, Cachan was referred to in Medieval ...
#Champigny-sur-Marne
Champigny-sur-Marne (, literally ''Champigny on Marne'') is a major city in the region of ÃŽle-de-France, France. It is located from the centre of Paris.
Name
Champigny-sur-Marne was originally called simply Champigny. The name Champigny ultim ...
#Charenton-le-Pont
Charenton-le-Pont () is a Communes of France, commune situated to the southeast of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris, to the north of the confluence of the Seine and Marne (river), Marne rivers; the part of ...
# Châtenay-Malabry
# Châtillon
# Chaville
# Chennevières-sur-Marne
#Chevilly-Larue
Chevilly-Larue () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.
Name
Chevilly-Larue was originally called simply Chevilly. The name Chevilly was recorded for the first time in 829 (in a donation ...
# Choisy-le-Roi
#Clamart
Clamart () is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris.
The town is divided into two parts, separated by a forest: ''bas Clamart'', the historical centre, and ''petit Clamart'' with urban ...
# Clichy
# Clichy-sous-Bois
#Colombes
Colombes () is a Communes of France, commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France, from the Kilometre zero, centre of Paris. In 2019, Colombes was the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, 53rd largest city in France. ...
# Coubron
#Courbevoie
Courbevoie () is a Communes of France, commune located in the Hauts-de-Seine department of the ÃŽle-de-France region of France. It is a suburb of Paris, from the Kilometre zero, center of Paris. The centre of Courbevoie is situated from the ci ...
# La Courneuve
#Créteil
Créteil () is a Communes of France, commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, Île-de-France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris. Créteil is the ''préfecture'' (capital) of the Val-de-Marne Departments of France, dep ...
# Drancy
# Dugny
# Épinay-sur-Seine
#Fontenay-aux-Roses
Fontenay-aux-Roses () is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.
In 1880, a girls school was opened in the town. It was one of the most prestigious of Paris and even of whole France in t ...
#Fontenay-sous-Bois
Fontenay-sous-Bois () is a Communes of France, commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris.
Name
The name Fontenay was recorded in the Middle Ages as ''Fontanetum'', meaning "the spring ...
# Fresnes
# Gagny
#Garches
Garches () is a Communes of France, commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department, in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre zero, centre of Paris.
Garches has remained largely residential, with a population of 17,898 ...
#La Garenne-Colombes
La Garenne-Colombes () is a Communes of France, commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from Notre Dame de Paris, France's kilometre zero.
Name
The commune used to be part of the neighbouring city of Colombes. At t ...
#Gennevilliers
Gennevilliers () is a Communes of France, commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine Departments of France, department of ÃŽle-de-France. It is located from the Kilometre zero, centre of Paris.
History
On 9 April 1929, ...
# Gentilly
# Gournay-sur-Marne
#L'Haÿ-les-Roses
L'Haÿ-les-Roses () is a Communes of France, commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris. L'Haÿ-les-Roses is a Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Val-de-Marne ''Département ...
# L'ÃŽle-Saint-Denis
#Issy-les-Moulineaux
Issy-les-Moulineaux () is a commune in the southwestern suburban area of Paris, France, lying on the left bank of the river Seine. Its citizens are called in French. It is one of Paris's entrances and is located from Notre Dame Cathedral, whic ...
#Ivry-sur-Seine
Ivry-sur-Seine () is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris.
Paris's main Asian district, the Quartier Asiatique in the 13th arrondissement, borders the ...
# Joinville-le-Pont
#Juvisy-sur-Orge
Juvisy-sur-Orge (, literally ''Juvisy on Orge'') is a commune in the Essonne department in ÃŽle-de-France in northern France. It is located southeast of Paris and a few kilometres south of Orly Airport.
The city is known for Gare de Juvisy, ...
#Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
Le Kremlin-Bicêtre () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is from the center of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe.
Le Kremlin-Bicêtre is most famous as the location of the Bicêtre ...
#Les Lilas
Les Lilas () is a Communes of France, commune in the northern-eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris.
History
The commune of Les Lilas (literally "the lilacs") was created on 24 July 1867 by de ...
#Levallois-Perret
Levallois-Perret () is a Communes of France, commune in the Hauts-de-Seine Departments of France, department and ÃŽle-de-France Regions of France, region of north-central France. It lies on the right bank of the Seine, some from the Kilometre z ...
# Limeil-Brévannes
# Livry-Gargan
# Maisons-Alfort
# Malakoff
# Mandres-les-Roses
#Marnes-la-Coquette
Marnes-la-Coquette () is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. Located from the centre of Paris, the town is situated in the Hauts-de-Seine department on the departmental border with Yvelines
Yvelines () is a department in th ...
# Marolles-en-Brie
#Meudon
Meudon () is a French Communes of France, commune located in the Hauts-de-Seine Departments of France, department in the ÃŽle-de-France Regions of France, region, on the left bank of the Seine. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of P ...
# Montfermeil
# Montreuil
#Montrouge
Montrouge () is a Communes of France, commune in the southern Parisian suburbs, located from the centre of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe. After a long period of decline, the population has increased agai ...
# Morangis
#Nanterre
Nanterre (; ) is the prefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine department in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located some northwest of the centre of Paris. In 2018, the commune had a population of 96,807.
The eastern part of Nanterre, b ...
# Neuilly-Plaisance
# Neuilly-sur-Marne
#Neuilly-sur-Seine
Neuilly-sur-Seine (; 'Neuilly-on-Seine'), also known simply as Neuilly, is an urban Communes of France, commune in the Hauts-de-Seine Departments of France, department just west of Paris in France. Immediately adjacent to the city, north of the ...
#Nogent-sur-Marne
Nogent-sur-Marne () is a Communes of France, commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris. Nogent-sur-Marne is a ''Subprefectures in France, sous-préfecture'' of the Val-de-Marne ''Depar ...
# Noiseau
# Noisy-le-Grand
# Noisy-le-Sec
#Orly
Orly () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, ÃŽle-de-France. It is located from the center of Paris.
The name of Orly came from Latin ''Aureliacum'', "the villa of Aurelius".
Orly Airport partially lies on the territory of the c ...
#Ormesson-sur-Marne
Ormesson-sur-Marne (, literally ''Ormesson on Marne (river), Marne'') is a Communes of France, commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris.
Transport
Ormesson-sur-Marne is served b ...
#Pantin
Pantin () is a Communes of France, commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, ÃŽle-de-France, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris. In 2019 its population was estimated to be 59,846. Pantin is located on the edge of ...
# Paray-Vieille-Poste
#Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
# Les Pavillons-sous-Bois
# Périgny
#Le Perreux-sur-Marne
Le Perreux-sur-Marne (, ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Val-de-Marne Departments of France, department in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris.
History
The commune of Le Perreux-s ...
#Pierrefitte-sur-Seine
Pierrefitte-sur-Seine (, ) is a former commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department and ÃŽle-de-France region of France, since 2025 a part of Saint-Denis, following a vote of both municipal councils on 30 May 2024. It forms part of the northern ...
#Le Plessis-Robinson
Le Plessis-Robinson () is a Communes of France, commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris. , it has 29,100 inhabitants.
History
Plessis was first mentioned in 839 as ''Plessiacu ...
#Le Plessis-Trévise
Le Plessis-Trévise () is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.
History
The commune of Le Plessis-Trévise was created on 7 July 1899 by detaching a part of the territory of La Queue-en-Bri ...
# Le Pré-Saint-Gervais
#Puteaux
Puteaux () is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located in the heart of the Hauts-de-Seine department, from the centre of Paris.
La Défense, Paris's business district hosting the tallest buildings in the metropolitan ...
# La Queue-en-Brie
#Le Raincy
Le Raincy () is a prestigious communes of France, commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris. Le Raincy is a subprefecture of the Seine-Saint-Denis departments of France, department and ...
#Romainville
Romainville () is a commune in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, located in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France.
Location
It is located from the center of Paris.
History
On 24 July 1867, a part of the territory of Romainville was detached ...
# Rosny-sous-Bois
#Rueil-Malmaison
Rueil-Malmaison () or simply Rueil is a Communes of France, commune in the western suburbs of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine Departments of France, department, ÃŽle-de-France Regions of France, region. It is located from the centre of Paris. It is ...
#Rungis
Rungis () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France, in the department of Val-de-Marne, ÃŽle-de-France.
It is best known as the location of the large wholesale food market serving the Paris metropolitan area and beyond, the '' Mar ...
#Saint-Cloud
Saint-Cloud () is a French commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France, from the centre of Paris. Like other communes of Hauts-de-Seine such as Marnes-la-Coquette, Neuilly-sur-Seine and Vaucresson, Saint-Cloud is one of France's wealthie ...
# Saint-Denis
#Saint-Mandé
Saint-Mandé (; named for Saint Maudez) is a Communes of France, commune in the Val-de-Marne Departments of France, department in Île-de-France, in the high-end eastern inner suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre zero, cent ...
#Saint-Maur-des-Fossés
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés () is a Communes of France, commune in Val-de-Marne, the southeastern suburbs of Paris, suburbs of Paris, France, from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris.
History Abbey
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés owes its name to Saint-Maur A ...
# Saint-Maurice
#Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine
Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine (; literally "Audoin (bishop), St. Audoin on Seine") is a Communes of France, commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France, located from the Kilometre zero, centre of Paris. It is part of the Seine-Saint-Denis Department ...
# Santeny
# Savigny-sur-Orge
# Sceaux
#Sevran
Sevran () is a Communes of France, commune in the Departments of France, French department of Seine-Saint-Denis, northeastern suburbs of Paris, ÃŽle-de-France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris.
History
The current Hôtel d ...
#Sèvres
Sèvres (, ) is a French Communes of France, commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris. It is located from the Kilometre zero, centre of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine department of the Île-de-France region. The commune, which had a populatio ...
# Stains
#Sucy-en-Brie
Sucy-en-Brie (, literally ''Sucy in Brie (region), Brie'') is a Communes of France, commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris.
Population
Transport
Sucy-en-Brie is served by S ...
#Suresnes
Suresnes () is a commune in the western inner suburbs of Paris, France. Located in Hauts-de-Seine, from the centre of Paris, it had a population of 49,482 as of 2020.
Suresnes borders the Bois de Boulogne in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, ...
#Thiais
Thiais () is a Communes of France, commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, center of Paris.
The name Thiais comes from Medieval Latin ''Theodasium'' or ''Theodaxium'', meaning "estate of Theodasiu ...
# Tremblay-en-France
# Valenton
#Vanves
Vanves () is a Communes of France, commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre Zero, centre of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe and the tenth in France.
History
On ...
# Vaucresson
# Vaujours
# Villecresnes
# Ville-d'Avray
# Villejuif
#Villemomble
Villemomble () is a Communes of France, commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the Kilometre zero, centre of Paris.
Heraldry
Transport
Villemomble is served by Le Raincy – Villemomble – Montfermeil (Par ...
# Villeneuve-la-Garenne
#Villeneuve-le-Roi
Villeneuve-le-Roi () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. The early 19th-century French orientalist Jean-Baptiste Rousseau (1780–1831) was born in Villeneuve-le-Roi on the boat that a ...
# Villeneuve-Saint-Georges
# Villepinte
# Villetaneuse
#Villiers-sur-Marne
Villiers-sur-Marne (, literally ''Villiers sur Marne'') is a commune in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.
The commune of Villiers-sur-Marne is part of the sector of Porte de Paris, one of the four s ...
#Vincennes
Vincennes (; ) is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Vincennes is famous for its castle: the Château de Vincennes. It is next to but does not include the ...
# Viry-Châtillon
#Vitry-sur-Seine
Vitry-sur-Seine () is a commune in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France, from the centre of Paris.
Name
Vitry-sur-Seine was originally called simply Vitry. The name Vitry comes from Medieval Latin ''Vitriacum'', and before that ''Victori ...
See also
*Paris metropolitan area
The Paris metropolitan area () is a statistical area that describes the reach of commuter movement to and from Paris, France and its surrounding suburbs.
Overview
In 2020, France's national INSEE statistical bureau introduced the concept "ai ...
* Grand Paris Express
*ÃŽle-de-France
The ÃŽle-de-France (; ; ) is the most populous of the eighteen regions of France, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 residents on 1 January 2023. Centered on the capital Paris, it is located in the north-central part of the cou ...
Notes
References
Further reading
* Walter Wells, "Big Plans for Grand Paris," ''France Today'' (June 2009), Vol. 24 Issue 6, pp 10–12
External links
Official Website
{{coord, 48.8600, N, 2.3444, E, source:wikidata, display=title
Geography of Paris
Urban planning in France
Intercommunalities of Essonne
Intercommunalities of Hauts-de-Seine
Intercommunalities of Seine-Saint-Denis
Intercommunalities of Val-de-Marne
Intercommunalities of Val-d'Oise
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...