
Carbonate minerals are those
mineral
In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.John P. Rafferty, ed. (2011): Mi ...
s containing the
carbonate
A carbonate is a salt of carbonic acid, (), characterized by the presence of the carbonate ion, a polyatomic ion with the formula . The word "carbonate" may also refer to a carbonate ester, an organic compound containing the carbonate group ...
ion, .
Carbonate divisions
Anhydrous carbonates

*Calcite group:
trigonal
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal family is one of the six crystal family, crystal families, which includes two crystal systems (hexagonal and trigonal) and two lattice systems (hexagonal and rhombohedral). While commonly confused, the tr ...
**
Calcite
Calcite is a Carbonate minerals, carbonate mineral and the most stable Polymorphism (materials science), polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, particularly as a component of limestone. Calcite defines hardness 3 on ...
CaCO
3
**
Gaspéite (Ni,Mg,Fe
2+)CO
3
**
Magnesite MgCO
3
**
Otavite CdCO
3
**
Rhodochrosite
Rhodochrosite is a manganese carbonate mineral with chemical composition Manganese(II) carbonate, MnCO3. In its pure form (rare), it is typically a rose-red colour, but it can also be shades of pink to pale brown. It Streak (mineralogy), streak ...
MnCO
3
**
Siderite FeCO
3
**
Smithsonite ZnCO
3
**
Spherocobaltite CoCO
3
*Aragonite group:
orthorhombic
**
Aragonite
Aragonite is a carbonate mineral and one of the three most common naturally occurring crystal forms of calcium carbonate (), the others being calcite and vaterite. It is formed by biological and physical processes, including precipitation fr ...
CaCO
3
**
Cerussite PbCO
3
**
Strontianite SrCO
3
**
Witherite BaCO
3
**
Rutherfordine UO
2CO
3
**
Natrite Na
2CO
3
Anhydrous carbonates with compound formulas

*Dolomite group:
trigonal
In crystallography, the hexagonal crystal family is one of the six crystal family, crystal families, which includes two crystal systems (hexagonal and trigonal) and two lattice systems (hexagonal and rhombohedral). While commonly confused, the tr ...
**
Ankerite CaFe(CO
3)
2
**
Dolomite CaMg(CO
3)
2
**
Huntite Mg
3Ca(CO
3)
4
**
Minrecordite CaZn(CO
3)
2
**
Barytocalcite BaCa(CO
3)
2
Carbonates with hydroxyl or halogen

*Carbonate with
hydroxide:
monoclinic
In crystallography, the monoclinic crystal system is one of the seven crystal systems. A crystal system is described by three Vector (geometric), vectors. In the monoclinic system, the crystal is described by vectors of unequal lengths, as in t ...
**
Azurite Cu
3(CO
3)
2(OH)
2
**
Hydrocerussite Pb
3(CO
3)
2(OH)
2
**
Malachite Cu
2CO
3(OH)
2
**
Rosasite (Cu,Zn)
2CO
3(OH)
2
**
Phosgenite Pb
2(CO
3)Cl
2
**
Hydrozincite Zn
5(CO
3)
2(OH)
6
**
Aurichalcite (Zn,Cu)
5(CO
3)
2(OH)
6
Hydrated carbonates
*
Hydromagnesite
Hydromagnesite is a hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral with the formula .
It generally occurs associated with the weathering products of magnesium containing minerals such as serpentine group, serpentine or brucite. It occurs as incrustations a ...
Mg
5(CO
3)
4(OH)
2.4H
2O
*
Ikaite CaCO
3·6(H
2O)
*
Lansfordite MgCO
3·5(H
2O)
*
Monohydrocalcite CaCO
3·H
2O
*
Natron Na
2CO
3·10(H
2O)
*
Zellerite Ca(UO
2)(CO
3)
2·5(H
2O)
The carbonate class in both the
Dana and the
Strunz classification systems include the nitrates.
[Dana Classification on Webmineral]
[Strunz Classification on Webmineral]
Nickel–Strunz classification -05- carbonates
IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al., 2009).
This list uses the
classification of Nickel–Strunz (
mindat.org, 10 ed, pending publication).
[
*Abbreviations:
**"*" – discredited (IMA/CNMNC status).
**"?" – questionable/doubtful (IMA/CNMNC status).
**"REE" – Rare-earth element (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu)
**"PGE" – Platinum-group element (Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)
**03.C Aluminofluorides, 06 Borates, 08 Vanadates (04.H V ,6/sup> Vanadates), 09 Silicates:
***Neso: insular (from Greek νησος nēsos, island)
***Soro: grouping (from Greek σωροῦ sōros, heap, mound (especially of corn))
***Cyclo: ring
***Ino: chain (from Greek ις enitive: ινος ''inos'' fibre)
***Phyllo: sheet (from Greek φύλλον ''phyllon'', leaf)
***Tekto: three-dimensional framework
*Nickel–Strunz code scheme: NN.XY.##x
**NN: Nickel–Strunz mineral class number
**X: Nickel–Strunz mineral division letter
**Y: Nickel–Strunz mineral family letter
**##x: Nickel–Strunz mineral/group number, x add-on letter
]
Class: carbonates
* 05.A Carbonates without additional anions, without H2O
** 05.AA Alkali carbonates: 05 Zabuyelite; 10 Gregoryite, 10 Natrite; 15 Nahcolite, 20 Kalicinite, 25 Teschemacherite, 30 Wegscheiderite
** 05.AB Alkali-earth (and other M2+) carbonates: 05 Calcite
Calcite is a Carbonate minerals, carbonate mineral and the most stable Polymorphism (materials science), polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, particularly as a component of limestone. Calcite defines hardness 3 on ...
, 05 Gaspeite, 05 Magnesite, 05 Rhodochrosite
Rhodochrosite is a manganese carbonate mineral with chemical composition Manganese(II) carbonate, MnCO3. In its pure form (rare), it is typically a rose-red colour, but it can also be shades of pink to pale brown. It Streak (mineralogy), streak ...
, 05 Otavite, 05 Spherocobaltite, 05 Siderite, 05 Smithsonite; 10 Ankerite, 10 Dolomite, 10 Kutnohorite, 10 Minrecordite; 15 Cerussite, 15 Aragonite
Aragonite is a carbonate mineral and one of the three most common naturally occurring crystal forms of calcium carbonate (), the others being calcite and vaterite. It is formed by biological and physical processes, including precipitation fr ...
, 15 Strontianite, 15 Witherite; 20 Vaterite
Vaterite is a mineral, a polymorphism (materials science), polymorph of calcium carbonate (calcium, Cacarbon, Coxygen, O3). It was named after the German mineralogist Heinrich Vater. It is also known as mu-calcium carbonate (μ-CaCO3). Vaterite b ...
, 25 Huntite, 30 Norsethite, 35 Alstonite; 40 Olekminskite, 40 Paralstonite; 45 Barytocalcite, 50 Carbocernaite, 55 Benstonite
Benstonite is a mineral with formula Ba6Ca6Mg(CO3)13. Discovered in 1954, the mineral was described in 1961 and named after Orlando J. Benston (1901–1966).
Description and occurrence
Benstonite is translucent and white, pale yellow, or pale ...
, 60 Juangodoyite
** 05.AC Alkali and alkali-earth carbonates: 05 Eitelite, 10 Nyerereite, 10 Natrofairchildite, 10 Zemkorite; 15 Butschliite, 20 Fairchildite, 25 Shortite; 30 Sanromanite, 30 Burbankite, 30 Calcioburbankite, 30 Khanneshite
** 05.AD With rare-earth elements (REE): 05 Sahamalite-(Ce); 15 Rémondite-(Ce), 15 Petersenite-(Ce), 15 Rémondite-(La); 20 Paratooite-(La)
* 05.B Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
** 05.BA With Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, Mn: 05 Azurite, 10 Chukanovite, 10 Malachite, 10 Georgeite, 10 Pokrovskite, 10 Nullaginite, 10 Glaukosphaerite, 10 Mcguinnessite, 10 Kolwezite, 10 Rosasite, 10 Zincrosasite; 15 Aurichalcite, 15 Hydrozincite; 20 Holdawayite, 25 Defernite; 30 Loseyite, 30 Sclarite
** 05.BB With alkalies, etc.: 05 Barentsite, 10 Dawsonite, 15 Tunisite, 20 Sabinaite
** 05.BC With alkali-earth cations: 05 Brenkite, 10 Rouvilleite, 15 Podlesnoite
** 05.BD With rare-earth elements (REE): 05 Cordylite-(Ce), 05 Lukechangite-(Ce); 10 Kukharenkoite-(La), 10 Kukharenkoite-(Ce), 10 Zhonghuacerite-(Ce); 15 Cebaite-(Nd), 15 Cebaite-(Ce); 20a Bastnasite-(Ce), 20a Bastnasite-(La), 20a Bastnasite-(Y), 20a Hydroxylbastnasite-(Ce), 20a Hydroxylbastnasite-(La), 20a Hydroxylbastnasite-(Nd), 20a Thorbastnasite, 20b Parisite-(Nd), 20b Parisite-(Ce), 20c Synchysite-(Ce), 20c Synchysite-(Nd), 20c Synchysite-(Y), 20d Rontgenite-(Ce); 25 Horvathite-(Y), 30 Qaqarssukite-(Ce), 35 Huanghoite-(Ce)
** 05.BE With Pb, Bi: 05 Shannonite, 10 Hydrocerussite, 15 Plumbonacrite, 20 Phosgenite, 25 Bismutite, 30 Kettnerite, 35 Beyerite
** 05.BF With (Cl), SO4, PO4, TeO3: 05 Northupite, 05 Ferrotychite, 05 Manganotychite, 05 Tychite; 10 Bonshtedtite, 10 Crawfordite, 10 Bradleyitev, 10 Sidorenkite, 15 Daqingshanite-(Ce), 20 Reederite-(Y), 25 Mineevite-(Y), 30 Brianyoungite, 35 Philolithite; 40 Macphersonitev, 40 Susannite, 40 Leadhillite
* 05.C Carbonates without additional anions, with H2O
** 05.CA With medium-sized cations: 05 Nesquehonite, 10 Lansfordite, 15 Barringtonite, 20 Hellyerite
** 05.CB With large cations (alkali and alkali-earth carbonates): 05 Thermonatrite, 10 Natron, 15 Trona, 20 Monohydrocalcite, 25 Ikaite, 30 Pirssonite, 35 Gaylussite, 40 Chalconatronite, 45 Baylissite, 50 Tuliokite
** 05.CC With rare-earth elements (REE): 05 Donnayite-(Y), 05 Mckelveyite-(Nd)*, 05 Mckelveyite-(Y), 05 Weloganite; 10 Tengerite-(Y), 15 Lokkaite-(Y); 20 Shomiokite-(Y), 20 IMA2008-069; 25 Calkinsite-(Ce), 25 Lanthanite-(Ce), 25 Lanthanite-(La), 25 Lanthanite-(Nd); 30 Adamsite-(Y), 35 Decrespignyite-(Y), 40 Galgenbergite-(Ce), 45 Ewaldite, 50 Kimuraite-(Y)
* 05.D Carbonates with additional anions, with H2O
** 05.DA With medium-sized cations: 05 Dypingite, 05 Giorgiosite, 05 Hydromagnesite
Hydromagnesite is a hydrated magnesium carbonate mineral with the formula .
It generally occurs associated with the weathering products of magnesium containing minerals such as serpentine group, serpentine or brucite. It occurs as incrustations a ...
, 05 Widgiemoolthalite; 10 Artinite, 10 Chlorartinite; 15 Otwayite
Otwayite, Ni2CO3(OH)2, is a hydrated nickel carbonate mineral. Otwayite is green, with a Mohs scale of hardness, hardness of 4, a specific gravity of 3.4, and crystallises in the orthorhombic system.
Occurrence
Otwayite is found in association ...
, 20 Kambaldaite, 25 Callaghanite, 30 Claraite; 35 Hydroscarbroite, 35 Scarbroite; 40 Charmarite-3T, 40 Charmarite-2H, 40 Caresite, 40 Quintinite-2H, 40 Quintinite-3T; 45 Brugnatellite, 45 Barbertonite, 45 Chlormagaluminite, 45 Zaccagnaite, 45 Manasseite, 45 Sjogrenite; 50 Desautelsite, 50 Comblainite, 50 Hydrotalcite, 50 Pyroaurite, 50 Reevesite, 50 Stichtite, 50 Takovite; 55 Coalingite, 60 Karchevskyite, 65 Indigirite, 70 Zaratite
** 05.DB With large and medium-sized cations: 05 Alumohydrocalcite, 05 Para-alumohydrocalcite, 05 Nasledovite; 10 Dresserite, 10 Dundasite, 10 Strontiodresserite, 10 Petterdite, 10 Kochsandorite; 15 Hydrodresserite, 20 Schuilingite-(Nd), 25 Sergeevite, 30 Szymanskiite, 35 Montroyalite
** 05.DC With large cations: 05 Ancylite-(Ce), 05 Ancylite-(La), 05 Gysinite-(Nd), 05 Calcioancylite-(Ce), 05 Calcioancylite-(Nd), 05 Kozoite-(La), 05 Kozoite-(Nd); 10 Kamphaugite-(Y), 15 Sheldrickite, 20 Thomasclarkite-(Y), 25 Peterbaylissite, 30 Clearcreekite, 35 Niveolanite
* 05.E Uranyl carbonates
** 05.EA UO2:CO3 > 1:1: 10 Urancalcarite, 15 Wyartite, 20 Oswaldpeetersite, 25 Roubaultite, 30 Kamotoite-(Y), 35 Sharpite
** 05.EB UO2:CO3 = 1:1: 05 Rutherfordine, 10 Blatonite, 15 Joliotite, 20 Bijvoetite-(Y)
Bijvoetite-(Y) is a very rare rare-earth element, rare-earth and uranium mineralDeliens, M., and Piret, P., 1982. Bijvoetite et lepersonnite, carbonates hydrates d'uranyle et des terres rares de Shinkolobwe, Zaïre. Canadian Mineralogist 20, 231-2 ...
** 05.EC UO2:CO3 < 1:1 - 1:2: 05 Fontanite; 10 Metazellerite, 10 Zellerite
** 05.ED UO2:CO3 = 1:3: 05 Bayleyite, 10 Swartzite, 15 Albrechtschraufite, 20 Liebigite, 25 Rabbittite, 30 Andersonite, 35 Grimselite, 40 Widenmannite, 45 Znucalite, 50 Cejkaite
** 05.EE UO2:CO3 = 1:4: 05 Voglite, 10 Shabaite-(Nd)
** 05.EF UO2:CO3 = 1:5: 05 Astrocyanite-(Ce)
** 05.EG With SO4 or SiO4: 05 Schrockingerite, 10 Lepersonnite-(Gd)
References
* Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed.,
*
External links
*
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