2022 In Archosaur Paleontology
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This article records new
taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and ...
of
fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserve ...
archosaur Archosauria () or archosaurs () is a clade of diapsid sauropsid tetrapods, with birds and crocodilians being the only extant taxon, extant representatives. Although broadly classified as reptiles, which traditionally exclude birds, the cladistics ...
s of every kind described during the year 2022, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to
paleontology Paleontology, also spelled as palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of the life of the past, mainly but not exclusively through the study of fossils. Paleontologists use fossils as a means to classify organisms, measure ge ...
of archosaurs that occurred in 2022.


Pseudosuchians


New pseudosuchian taxa


General pseudosuchian research

* A study on the mandible embryogenesis in extant caimans, and on its implications for the knowledge of the evolution of postdentary lower jaw of pseudosuchians, is published by Bona ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the musculature of crocodylian and fossil
suchia Suchia (from Ancient Greek σούχος (''soúkhos''), meaning "crocodile") is a clade of archosaurs containing the majority of pseudosuchians (crocodilians and their extinct relatives). It was defined as the least inclusive clade containing ''A ...
n jaws, investigating the impact of the flattening of the skulls of suchians in their evolutionary history on their muscle anatomy, is published by Sellers ''et al.'' (2022). * Revision of ''
Tsylmosuchus ''Tsylmosuchus'' is an extinct genus of proterosuchid archosauriform reptile known from Western Russia. Fossils referred to ''Tsylmosuchus'' occurred over a wide area in sediments corresponding to the Induan and Olenekian stages of the Early ...
donensis'' and ''Scythosuchus basileus'' is published by Sennikov (2022), who interprets the latter taxon as a
junior synonym In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. ...
of the former one, and interprets ''T. donensis'' as a likely member of the family
Ctenosauriscidae Ctenosauriscidae is an extinct family of pseudosuchian archosaurs within the clade Poposauroidea. Ctenosauriscids existed in Africa, Asia, Europe and North America during the Early Triassic to the Middle Triassic period (latest Olenekian to Anisi ...
. * Partial
maxilla In vertebrates, the maxilla (: maxillae ) is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The two maxil ...
of a basal
loricata Loricata is a clade of archosaur reptiles that includes crocodilians and some of their Triassic relatives, such as ''Postosuchus'' and ''Prestosuchus''. More specifically, Loricata includes Crocodylomorpha (the persistent archosaur subset which ...
n is described from the Upper Triassic (
Carnian The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Triassic series (stratigraphy), Series (or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Triassic Epoch (reference date), Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227.3 ...
) lower Candelária Sequence of the ''Hyperodapedon'' Assemblage Zone (
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
) by Damke ''et al.'' (2022), expanding known record of loricatans in this unit. * A study aiming to model to the likely gait of ''
Batrachotomus ''Batrachotomus'' is a genus of prehistoric archosaur. Fossils of this animal have been found in southern Germany and dated from the Ladinian stage of the Middle Triassic period, around 242 to 237 million years ago. ''Batrachotomus'' was descri ...
kupferzellensis'' is published by Polet & Hutchinson (2022). * A study on the feeding ecology of ''Batrachotomus kupferzellensis'' is published by Mujal ''et al.'' (2022).


Aetosaur research

* A study on the microstructure of the
humerus The humerus (; : humeri) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius (bone), radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. The humeral upper extrem ...
,
femur The femur (; : femurs or femora ), or thigh bone is the only long bone, bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee. In many quadrupeds, four-legged animals the femur is the upper bone of the hindleg. The Femo ...
and
tibia The tibia (; : tibiae or tibias), also known as the shinbone or shankbone, is the larger, stronger, and anterior (frontal) of the two Leg bones, bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates (the other being the fibula, behind and to the outsi ...
of ''
Aetosauroides ''Aetosauroides'' (meaning "'' Aetosaurus''-like") is an extinct genus of aetosaur from the Late Triassic of South America. It is one of four aetosaurs known from South America, the others being '' Neoaetosauroides'', '' Chilenosuchus'' and '' Ae ...
scagliai'', and on its implications for the knowledge of the paleobiology of this aetosaur, is published by Ponce, Desojo & Cerda (2022). * Description of the anatomy of bones belonging to pelvic girdles of members of the genus ''
Stagonolepis ''Stagonolepis'' is an extinct genus of stagonolepidid aetosaur known from the Late Triassic (Carnian stage) Hassberge Formation of Germany, the Drawno Beds of Poland, and the Lossiemouth Sandstone of Scotland. Supposed fossils from North and ...
'' from the Upper Triassic of Krasiejów (
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
) is published by Desmet, Antczak & Bodzioch (2022).


Crocodylomorph research

* A study on the macroscopic structure of
osteoderm Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates, or other structures based in the dermis. Osteoderms are found in many groups of extant and extinct reptiles and amphibians, including lizards, crocodilians, frogs, temnospondyls (extinct amph ...
s of extant and extinct crocodylomorphs, including the first description of osteoderms of ''
Iberosuchus ''Iberosuchus'' (meaning "Iberian crocodile") is a genus of extinct sebecosuchian mesoeucrocodylian found in Western Europe from the Eocene. Remains from Portugal was described in 1975 by Antunes as a sebecosuchian crocodilian. This genus has on ...
'', is published by Pochat-Cottilloux ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret their findings as indicative of deeper osteoderm implantation within the dermis in ''Iberosuchus'' than in other studied taxa, as well as indicative of the loss of ornamentation of osteoderms in derived
notosuchia Notosuchia is a clade of primarily Gondwanan mesoeucrocodylian Crocodylomorpha, crocodylomorphs that lived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Some phylogeny, phylogenies recover Sebecosuchia as a clade within Notosuchia, others as a sister group ...
ns, which might be linked to their terrestrial lifestyle and specific thermoregulation strategy. * A study on the evolution of palatal anatomy in early crocodylomorphs is published by Dollman & Choiniere (2022). * An ilium of an early diverging crocodylomorph is described from the Upper Triassic Otis Chalk assemblage (
Colorado City Formation The Colorado City Formation is a Late Triassic Formation (geology), geologic formation in the Dockum Group of Texas, United States. It has previously been known as the Iatan Member, Colorado City Member or 'Pre-Tecovas Horizon' (as it is assumed ...
,
Dockum Group The Dockum is a Late Triassic (approximately late Carnian through Rhaetian, or 223–200 Ma) geologic group found primarily on the Llano Estacado of western Texas and eastern New Mexico with minor exposures in southwestern Kansas, eastern Color ...
;
Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...
,
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
) by To, Nesbitt, Stocker (2022), expanding the knowledge of the distribution of early crocodylomorphs during the Late Triassic. * Description of the anatomy of the
holotype A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ...
specimen of ''
Junggarsuchus ''Junggarsuchus'' () is an extinct genus of sphenosuchian crocodylomorpha, crocodylomorph from the Middle Jurassic, Middle or Late Jurassic period of China. The type species, type and only species is ''J. sloani''. The Genus, generic name of ''Ju ...
sloani'', its comparison to ''
Dibothrosuchus ''Dibothrosuchus'' is a genus of sphenosuchian, a type of basal crocodylomorph, the clade that comprises the crocodilians and their closest kin. It is known from several partial skeletons and skulls. These fossils were found in Lower Jurassic ...
elaphros'', and a study on the affinities of both taxa is published by Ruebenstahl ''et al.'' (2022). * Review of the type material of the crocodylomorph ichnotaxon '' Crocodylopodus meijidei'' from the
Berriasian In the geological timescale, the Berriasian is an age/ stage of the Early/Lower Cretaceous. It is the oldest subdivision in the entire Cretaceous. It has been taken to span the time between 143.1 ±0.6 Ma and 137.05 ± 0.2 (million years ago) ...
of
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
, and a study on the locomotion of the trackmaker, is published by Castanera ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the bone histology and growth patterns of ''
Neuquensuchus ''Neuquensuchus'' (meaning "Neuquén crocodile", referring to the city) is an extinct genus of crocodyliform from the Santonian-age Upper Cretaceous Bajo de la Carpa Formation of Neuquén Province, Argentina. The known remains were discovered on ...
universitas'', ''
Notosuchus ''Notosuchus'' (; 'southern crocodile') is an extinct genus of South American notosuchian crocodyliforms. It was terrestrial, living approximately 85 million years ago in the Santonian stage of the Late Cretaceous. Description ''Notosuchus'' ...
terrestris'', ''
Mariliasuchus ''Mariliasuchus'' ("Marilia crocodile") is an extinct genus of Late Cretaceous notosuchian crocodyliforms found near Marilia, Brazil. The first bone remains were found and collected in 1995 by Brazilian paleontologist William Nava, in red rock ...
amarali'' and '' Adamantinasuchus navae'' is published by Marsà ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the thermal physiology of
notosuchia Notosuchia is a clade of primarily Gondwanan mesoeucrocodylian Crocodylomorpha, crocodylomorphs that lived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Some phylogeny, phylogenies recover Sebecosuchia as a clade within Notosuchia, others as a sister group ...
ns is published by Cubo ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret their findings as indicating that ''
Araripesuchus ''Araripesuchus'' is a genus of extinct crocodyliform that existed during the Cretaceous period of the late Mesozoic era some 125 to 66 million years ago. ''Araripesuchus'' is generally considered to be a notosuchian (belonging to the clade Mes ...
wegeneri'', '' Armadillosuchus arrudai'', ''
Baurusuchus ''Baurusuchus'' is an extinct genus of baurusuchid mesoeucrocodylian, which lived in Brazil from 90 to 83.5 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous period. It was a terrestrial predator, estimated to reach up to in weight. ''Baurusuchus' ...
'', ''
Iberosuchus ''Iberosuchus'' (meaning "Iberian crocodile") is a genus of extinct sebecosuchian mesoeucrocodylian found in Western Europe from the Eocene. Remains from Portugal was described in 1975 by Antunes as a sebecosuchian crocodilian. This genus has on ...
macrodon'' and ''
Stratiotosuchus ''Stratiotosuchus'' (from Greek, (stratiōtēs, "soldier") and (suchos, "crocodile")) is an extinct genus of baurusuchid mesoeucrocodylian from the Adamantina Formation in Brazil. It lived during the Late Cretaceous. The first fossils were foun ...
maxhechti'' were ectothermic. * A study on the
osteoderm Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates, or other structures based in the dermis. Osteoderms are found in many groups of extant and extinct reptiles and amphibians, including lizards, crocodilians, frogs, temnospondyls (extinct amph ...
histology of Cretaceous notosuchians from
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
is published by Sena ''et al.'' (2022), who report evidence of
Sharpey's fibres Sharpey's fibres (bone fibres, or perforating fibres) are a matrix of connective tissue consisting of bundles of strong predominantly type I collagen fibres connecting periosteum to bone. They are part of the outer fibrous layer of periosteum ...
in ''Armadillosuchus arrudai'', '' Itasuchus jesuinoi'' and
baurusuchids Baurusuchidae is a Gondwanan Family (biology), family of mesoeucrocodylians that lived during the Late Cretaceous. It is a group of terrestrial hypercarnivorous crocodilians from South America (Argentina and Brazil) and possibly Pakistan. Baurusu ...
interpreted as indicative of the presence of thick leathery layer of skin overlying osteoderms, and report the presence of the vascular canals in some sampled osteoderms which might have increased the capacity of heat transfer. * Description of the microstructure of the tooth and tooth attachment tissues of ''Notosuchus terrestris'' is published by Navarro ''et al.'' (2022), who find the relative and absolute enamel thickness of ''N. terrestris'' to be similar to those reported for carnivorous notosuchians such as baurusuchids, and interpret their findings as indicating that the tooth growth rates of ''N. terrestris'' were reduced in comparison with other notosuchians. * A study on the bone histology of ''Mariliasuchus amarali'', based on a new specimen is published by Sena ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the palatal anatomy of ''
Sebecus ''Sebecus'' (meaning "Sobek" in Latin) is an extinct genus of Sebecidae, sebecid crocodylomorph from Paleogene period of South America. Like other sebecosuchians, it was entirely terrestrial and carnivorous. The genus is currently represented by ...
icaeorhinus'' and its implications for the knowledge of the variability in the palatal anatomy within
Sebecidae Sebecidae is an extinct family of prehistoric terrestrial sebecosuchian crocodylomorphs, known from the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic of Europe and South America. They were the latest surviving group of non-crocodilian crocodylomorphs. The oldes ...
, is published by Bravo ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the phylogenetic relationships of
neosuchia Neosuchia is a clade within Mesoeucrocodylia that includes all modern extant crocodilians and their closest fossil relatives. It is defined as the most inclusive clade containing all Crocodylomorpha, crocodylomorphs more closely related to ''Croc ...
ns and on timing of the origination of key clades in neosuchian evolution is published by Groh ''et al.'' (2022). * A nearly complete premaxilla of a member of the genus ''
Elosuchus ''Elosuchus'' is an extinct genus of neosuchian crocodyliform that lived during the Middle Cretaceous of what is now Africa (Niger, Morocco and Algeria). Description and taxonomy ''Elosuchus'' had an elongated snout like a gharial and was probab ...
'', about 40% larger than the largest premaxilla of members of this genus known so far, is described by Parra & Sellés (2022), who interpret this finding as indicating that ''Elosuchus'' achieved remarkable body size proportions. * A study on the evolution of salt glands in
thalattosuchia Thalattosuchia is a clade of mostly marine crocodylomorphs from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous that had a cosmopolitan distribution. They are colloquially referred to as marine crocodiles or sea crocodiles, though they are not member ...
ns is published by Cowgill ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the feeding ecology of teleosauroids, as inferred from the dentition and mandibular characteristics, is published by Johnson ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret their findings as indicative of a narrow feeding ecological divide between teleosaurids and machimosaurids. * Fossil material of an Early Jurassic teleosauroid crocodylomorph is described from the Chaara cave (
Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...
) by Hicham ''et al.'' (2022), representing the oldest African thalattosuchian reported to date, and indicating that thalattosuchians were widely distributed as soon as the earliest Jurassic. * Serafini ''et al.'' (2022) describe a clustered mass of bones of an aeolodontine teleosaurid from the Upper Jurassic Rosso Ammonitico Veronese Formation (
Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...
) interpreted as a
regurgitalite Regurgitalites, or sometimes Regurgitaliths,
are the
Metriorhynchus ''Metriorhynchus'' is an extinct genus of marine crocodyliform that lived in the oceans during the Late Jurassic. The type species, ''M. brevirostris'' was named in 1829 as a species of ''Steneosaurus'' before being named as a separate genus by ...
'' (with affinities to ''M. superciliosus'') from the
Middle Jurassic The Middle Jurassic is the second Epoch (geology), epoch of the Jurassic Period (geology), Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 161.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relativel ...
(
Callovian In the geologic timescale, the Callovian is an age and stage in the Middle Jurassic, lasting between 165.3 ± 1.1 Ma (million years ago) and 161.5 ± 1.0 Ma. It is the last stage of the Middle Jurassic, following the Bathonian and preceding the ...
) of Vaches-Noires cliffs (Normandy,
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
), report the presence of diagnostic criteria of different metriorhynchids in the skeleton of this specimen, and evaluate the implications of this specimen for the knowledge of the taxonomic value of the criteria used to distinguish between the different Callovian and Oxfordian metriorhynchid species. * A study on the phylogenetic affinities of ''
Portugalosuchus ''Portugalosuchus'' (meaning "crocodile from Portugal") is an extinct genus of eusuchian crocodyliform that was possibly a basal crocodylian – if so then it would be the oldest known crocodylian to date. The type species is ''P. azenhae'', de ...
azenhae'' is published by Darlim ''et al.'' (2022). * Lindblad ''et al.'' (2022) describe specimens of ''
Borealosuchus ''Borealosuchus'' (meaning "northern crocodile") is an extinct genus of crocodyliforms that lived from the Late Cretaceous to the Eocene in North America. It was named by Christopher Brochu in 1997 for several species that had been assigned to ...
griffithi'' and ''B. sternbergii'' preserved in proximity to each other within the same deposits of the Paleocene
Ravenscrag Formation The Ravenscrag Formation is a stratigraphic unit of early Paleocene Geochronology, age in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It was named for the settlement of Ravenscrag, Saskatchewan, and was first describ ...
(
Saskatchewan Saskatchewan is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Western Canada. It is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and to the south by the ...
,
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
), expanding known stratigraphic and geographic range of these species, and interpret this finding as possible evidence of niche partitioning or other ecological relationships between the two species. * Crocodylomorph eggshell fragments, probably representing remains of eggs produced by allodaposuchids, are described from the
Maastrichtian The Maastrichtian ( ) is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) geologic timescale, the latest age (geology), age (uppermost stage (stratigraphy), stage) of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or Upper Cretaceous series (s ...
of the Southern Pyrenees (Huesca,
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
) by Moreno-Azanza ''et al.'' (2022), who name a new ootaxon '' Pachykrokolithus excavatum''. * Reconstructions of the inner cavities of the
holotype A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ...
skulls of '' Arenysuchus gascabadiolorum'' and ''
Agaresuchus ''Agaresuchus'' is an extinct genus of allodaposuchid eusuchian crocodylomorph from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) of Spain. It includes two species, the type species ''A. fontisensis'', and ''A. subjuniperus'', which was original ...
subjuniperus'' are presented by Puértolas-Pascual ''et al.'' (2022). * Kuzmin (2022) reviews all known material of long-snouted crocodyliforms from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Santonian) of Central Asia, confirms '' Zholsuchus procerus'' to be a valid taxon, and argues that it is likely one of the oldest known members of the
crown group In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor ...
of
Crocodylia Crocodilia () is an Order (biology), order of semiaquatic, predatory reptiles that are known as crocodilians. They first appeared during the Late Cretaceous and are the closest living relatives of birds. Crocodilians are a type of crocodylomorp ...
. * Redescription of the
holotype A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ...
of ''
Notocaiman ''Eocaiman'' is an extinct genus of caiman containing species living from the Early Paleocene to Miocene in what is now Argentina (Salamanca Formation, Salamanca and Sarmiento Formations), Itaboraí Formation of Brazil and Colombia (Honda Group, ...
stromeri'', and a study on its taxonomic status and phylogenetic affinities, is published by Bona ''et al.'' (2022). * A study aiming to estimate the body size of large caimanines from the Miocene of South America, including ''
Purussaurus ''Purussaurus'' is an extinct genus of giant caiman that lived in South America during the Miocene epoch, from the Friasian to the Huayquerian in the SALMA classification. It is known from skull material found in the Brazilian and Peruvian Am ...
'' and ''
Mourasuchus ''Mourasuchus'' is an extinct genus of giant, aberrant caiman from the Miocene of South America. Its skull has been described as duck-like, being broad, flat, and very elongate, superficially resembling '' Stomatosuchus'' from the Late Cretace ...
'', is published by Paiva ''et al.'' (2022). * Pessoa-Lima ''et al.'' (2022) compare the morphological features and chemical composition of
tooth enamel Tooth enamel is one of the four major Tissue (biology), tissues that make up the tooth in humans and many animals, including some species of fish. It makes up the normally visible part of the tooth, covering the Crown (tooth), crown. The other ...
of ''Purussaurus'' and extant
black caiman The black caiman (''Melanosuchus niger'') is a crocodilian reptile endemic to South America. With a maximum length of around and a mass of over , it is the largest living species of the family Alligatoridae, and the third-largest crocodilian in ...
. * Massonne & Böhme (2022) confirm ''
Diplocynodon ''Diplocynodon'' is an extinct genus of eusuchian, either an alligatoroid crocodilian or a stem-group crocodilian, that lived during the Paleocene to Middle Miocene in Europe. Some species may have reached lengths of , while others probably did ...
levantinicum'' to be a valid species, and interpret it as
Oligocene The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch (geology), epoch of the Paleogene Geologic time scale, Period that extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that defin ...
(
Chattian The Chattian is, in the geologic timescale, the younger of two ages or upper of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch/Series. It spans the time between . The Chattian is preceded by the Rupelian and is followed by the Aquitanian (the lowest stage ...
) in age. * A study on the anatomy of the skull of ''
Trilophosuchus ''Trilophosuchus'' ("triple crest crocodile") is an extinct genus of mekosuchine crocodilian from Australia. Its fossils have been found at the Ringtail Site in the Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh), Riversleigh World Heritage Area (no ...
rackhami'' is published by Ristevski ''et al.'' (2022). * Description of the neuroanatomy of ''Trilophosuchus rackhami'' is published by Ristevski (2022). * Fragmentary mandible of a possible member of the genus ''
Thoracosaurus ''Thoracosaurus'' (chest lizard) is an extinct genus of long-snouted eusuchian which existed during the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleocene in North America and Europe. Taxonomy ''Thoracosaurus'' had traditionally been thought to be related to ...
'' is described from the lower Maastrichtian of
Møns Klint Møns Klint is a 6 km stretch of limestone and chalk cliffs along the eastern coast of the Danish island of Møn in the Baltic Sea. Some of the cliffs fall a sheer 120 m to the sea below. The highest cliff is , which is 128 m above sea lev ...
(
Denmark Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...
) by Voiculescu-Holvad (2022), indicating transatlantic distribution of
Gavialoidea Gavialoidea is one of three superfamily (zoology), superfamilies of crocodylians, the other two being Alligatoroidea and Crocodyloidea. Although many extinct species are known, only the gharial ''Gavialis gangeticus'' and the false gharial ''Tomi ...
dating back to the earliest Maastrichtian. * The oldest known fossil material of a member of the genus ''
Crocodylus ''Crocodylus'' is a genus of true crocodiles in the family Crocodylidae. Taxonomy The Genus, generic name, ''Crocodylus'', was proposed by Josephus Nicolaus Laurenti in 1768. ''Crocodylus'' contains 13–14 extant taxon, extant (living) species ...
'' in
Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...
, dated to between 7670 and 7510 years
cal BP Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred relative to the origin of practical radiocarbon dating in the 1950s. Because ...
, is described by Martin ''et al.'' (2022).


Non-avian dinosaurs


New dinosaur taxa


General non-avian dinosaur research

* Wilmsen, Fürsich, and Majidifard (2022) describe a fossil trackway from the Maastrichtian Farrokhi Formation (central
Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
) made by indeterminate dinosaurs, which represents the youngest evidence of dinosaur locomotion from the Middle East. * A study on the diversity of form and function of teeth in early-diverging dinosaurs is published by Ballell, Benton &
Rayfield Rayfield is an English surname. Notable people with the name include: People * Dan Rayfield (born 1979), American politician from Oregon * Donald Rayfield (born 1942), British professor and writer * Emily Rayfield, British palaeontologist * Gordon ...
(2022), providing evidence of a previously unrecognized functional diversity in the dentitions of early dinosaurs, and indicating that either carnivory or omnivory was the ancestral diet of dinosaurs, with obligate herbivory interpreted as a late evolutionary innovation in both Sauropodomorpha and Ornithischia. * Olsen ''et al.'' (2022) present evidence from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic strata of the Junggar Basin (northwest China) indicating that during the early
Mesozoic The Mesozoic Era is the Era (geology), era of Earth's Geologic time scale, geological history, lasting from about , comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Period (geology), Periods. It is characterized by the dominance of archosaurian r ...
dinosaurs were present at arctic latitudes with freezing winter temperatures, and argue that non-avian dinosaurs were likely primitively insulated and that their insulation enabled them to survive in cold temperatures, take advantage of the rich plant resources in the colder high latitudes, and live through episodes of volcanically induced winters during the
Triassic–Jurassic extinction event The Triassic–Jurassic (Tr-J) extinction event (TJME), often called the end-Triassic extinction, marks the boundary between the Triassic and Jurassic periods, . It represents one of five major extinction events during the Phanerozoic, profoundly ...
. * A study on the impact Early Jurassic Jenkyns Event, affecting terrestrial environments with global warming, perturbation of the carbon cycle, enhanced weathering and wildfires, on terrestrial ecosystems, including dinosaur assemblages, is published by Reolid, Ruebsam & Benton (2022); the same authors subsequently review the fossil record of Early Jurassic dinosaurs, and confirm that the Jenkyns Event was an important biotic crisis affecting dinosaurs. * A study on the
ecomorphospace Ecomorphology or ecological morphology is the study of the relationship between the ecological role of an individual and its morphological adaptations. The term "morphological" here is in the anatomical context. Both the morphology and ecology ex ...
occupation of major megaherbivorous dinosaur clades from the Late Jurassic through to the end of the Late Cretaceous in North America is published by Wyenberg-Henzler (2022). * A study on the age of a new sauropod-dominated dinosaur fauna from the Lower Shaximiao Formation in Yunyang (Chongqing, China) is published by Zhou ''et al.'' (2022). * Description of theropod and ornithischian tracks from the Jurassic
Imilchil Imilchil or Imilshil ( , ) is a small town in Midelt Province of central Morocco, in the Atlas Mountains with a population of about 1,858. It is located at an elevation of 2119 m in the valley of Asif Mellulen ("white river"). The area of Imilch ...
and Isli formations (
Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...
), including theropod tracks representing the ichnogenus '' Changpeipus'' (otherwise known from abundant occurrences in East Asia, and possibly indicative of faunal exchange between East Asia and northern Africa in the Middle Jurassic), is published by Klein ''et al.'' (2022). * Revision of the Early Cretaceous dinosaur assemblage from the Mogoito locality (
Murtoi Formation The Murtoi Formation is a geologic formation in vicinity of Lake Gusinoye in Russia. The Murtoi Fm's sedimentation age (136–130 Ma). It was deposited in the late Valanginian to Early Hauterivian of the Early Cretaceous. Scientists were able ...
, Transbaikalia,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
) is published by Averianov ''et al.'' (2022), who report the presence of '' Tengrisaurus starkovi'', as well as ornithomimosaur,
therizinosaur Therizinosaurs (; once called segnosaurs) are an extinct group of large herbivorous theropod dinosaurs whose fossils have been mainly discovered from Cretaceous deposits in Asia and North America. Potential fragmentary remains have also been foun ...
,
dromaeosaurid Dromaeosauridae () is a family (biology), family of feathered coelurosaurian Theropoda, theropod dinosaurs. They were generally small to medium-sized feathered carnivores that flourished in the Cretaceous period (geology), Period. The name Drom ...
, jeholosaurid (including teeth previously attributed to ''
Psittacosaurus ''Psittacosaurus'' ( ; "parrot lizard") is a genus of extinct ceratopsian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of what is now Asia, existing between 125 and 105 million years ago. It is notable for being the most species-rich non-avian dinosaur ...
'') and indeterminate sauropod and theropod fossil material. * New fossil site for the Jehol Biota, preserving faunal assemblage dominated by dinosaur fossils and similar in composition to the Lujiatun Unit of the Yixian Formation at Beipiao (Liaoning, China), is reported from Ningcheng (Inner Mongolia, China) by Zhang ''et al.'' (2022). * Nudds, Lomax & Tennant (2022) confirm the identification of teeth of ''
Deinonychus ''Deinonychus'' ( ; ) is a genus of Dromaeosauridae, dromaeosaurid Theropoda, theropod dinosaur with one described species, ''Deinonychus antirrhopus''. This species, which could grow up to long, lived during the early Cretaceous Period (ge ...
antirrhopus'' and
gastrolith A gastrolith, also called a stomach stone or gizzard stone, is a rock held inside a gastrointestinal tract. Gastroliths in some species are retained in the muscular gizzard and used to grind food in animals lacking suitable grinding teeth. In ...
s associated with a well-preserved specimen of ''
Tenontosaurus ''Tenontosaurus'' ( ; ) is a genus of iguanodontian ornithopod dinosaur. It had an unusually long, broad tail, which like its back was stiffened with a network of bony tendons. The genus is known from the late Aptian to Albian ages of the Early ...
tilletti'' (MANCH LL.12275) from the Lower Cretaceous
Cloverly Formation The Cloverly Formation is a formation (geology), geological formation of Early Cretaceous, Early and Late Cretaceous age (Valanginian to Cenomanian stage) that is present in parts of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado and Utah in the western United State ...
(
Montana Montana ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, an ...
,
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
). * Two trackways produced by at least two different dinosaur taxa (smaller, bipedal trackmaker, likely a theropod, and a larger trackmaker of uncertain affinities, possibly a theropod or ornithopod), representing the first records of non-avian dinosaurs from
Palestine Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...
reported to date, are described from a new site located within the city of
Al-Bireh Al-Bireh, al-Birah, or el-Bira (; also known historically as Castrum Mahomeria, Magna Mahomeria, Mahomeria Major, Birra, or Beirothah) is a city in the central West Bank, north of Jerusalem. It is the capital of the Ramallah and al-Bireh Gove ...
and belonging to the
Albian The Albian is both an age (geology), age of the geologic timescale and a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early Cretaceous, Early/Lower Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch/s ...
Soreq Formation by Lallensack ''et al.'' (2022). * Fragment of long bone of a dinosaur is described from the Upper Cretaceous (
Santonian The Santonian is an age in the geologic timescale or a chronostratigraphic stage. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 86.3 ± 0.7 mya ( million years ago) and 83.6 ± 0.7 m ...
–
Campanian The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campa ...
) sediments near the village of Izhberda (
Orenburg Oblast Orenburg Oblast (also Orenburzhye) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), mainly located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg. From 1938 to 1957, it bore the name Chkalov Oblast in honor of Valery Chkal ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
) by Skutschas ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret the histological features of this bone as indicative of rapid continuous growth known in large-sized dinosaurs, and interpret this finding as indicative of presence of large dinosaurs in the Southern Urals, which were not subjected to the "island effect" in spite of living on islands or on the continental margin. * A set of geochronologic data from the Campanian geological formations of North America's Western Interior Basin is presented by Ramezani ''et al.'' (2022), who consider their findings to be indicative of significant age overlap between the main fossil-bearing intervals of the Kaiparowits, Judith River, Two Medicine and Dinosaur Park formations, and interpret their findings as refuting inferences that the proposed latitudinal provinciality of the Campanian dinosaur taxa is only an artefact of age misinterpretation. * A large dinosaur tracksite preserving theropod tracks and abundant hadrosaurid tracks is described from the Upper Cretaceous (
Campanian The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campa ...
)
Wapiti Formation The Wapiti Formation is a geological formation of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in northwestern Alberta, and northeastern British Columbia, Canada. Its deposition spanned the time interval from the lower Campanian through to the upper Ma ...
(
Alberta Alberta is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Canada. It is a part of Western Canada and is one of the three Canadian Prairies, prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to its west, Saskatchewan to its east, t ...
,
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
) by Enriquez ''et al.'' (2022), who evaluate the implications of this finding for the knowledge of the paleoecology of dinosaurs known from the Wapiti Formation. * A study on the calcium isotope variability in tooth enamel of dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous
Dinosaur Park Formation The Dinosaur Park Formation is the uppermost member of the Belly River Group (also known as the Judith River Group), a major geologic unit in southern Alberta. It was deposited during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, between about 7 ...
,
Horseshoe Canyon Formation The Horseshoe Canyon Formation is a stratigraphic unit of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in southwestern Alberta. It takes its name from Horseshoe Canyon, an area of badlands near Drumheller. The Horseshoe Canyon Formation is part of th ...
and
Scollard Formation The Scollard Formation is an Upper Cretaceous to lower Palaeocene stratigraphic unit of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in southwestern Alberta. Its deposition spanned the time interval from latest Cretaceous to early Paleocene, and it inc ...
(Alberta, Canada), and on its implications for the knowledge of the stability of food web structure of non-avian dinosaur communities in the millions of years preceding the end of the Cretaceous, is published by Martin ''et al.'' (2022). * Tracks of probable hatchling tyrannosaurids, medium and large ornithomimids, small and medium-sized ornithopods and a small hadrosaurid, some of which might document gregarious behaviour, are described from the Campanian–Maastrichtian St. Mary River Formation (Alberta, Canada) by Henderson ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the stable isotope compositions of dinosaur eggshells and their associated depositional settings of the Upper Cretaceous Huizhou Formation (China), and on their implications for the knowledge of the environment of dinosaur nesting sites, is published by He ''et al.'' (2022). * He et al. (2022) describe a new species of the stalicoolithid oogenus ''
Shixingoolithus ''Shixingoolithus'' is an oogenus of dinosaur egg from the Cretaceous of Nanxiong, China.Z. Zhao, J. Ye, H. Li, Z. Zhao, and Z. Yan. 1991. Extinction of the dinosaurs across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in Nanxiong Basin, Guangdong Province. ...
'', ''S. qianshanensis'', as the first dinosaurian record from the
Upper Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the more recent of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''cret ...
Qianshan Basin ( Chishan Formation) of
Anhui Province Anhui is an inland province located in East China. Its provincial capital and largest city is Hefei. The province is located across the basins of the Yangtze and Huai rivers, bordering Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the east, Jiangxi to the south, Hub ...
,
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
. * Han et al. (2022) establish a high-resolution geochronological framework for the fossil-rich Late Cretaceous sedimentary sequence in the Shanyang Basin (China), and interpret the fossil material from the studied specimens as indicative of sustained low dinosaur biodiversity in the studied area between ~68.2 and ~66.4 million years ago, and of a decline in dinosaur biodiversity from the Campanian to the Maastrichtian. * Review of chemistry of the organic molecules detected in non-avian dinosaur fossils to date is published by Tahoun ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the phylogenetic affinities of ''
Chilesaurus ''Chilesaurus'' is an extinct genus of herbivorous dinosaur. While its exact classification is uncertain, many researchers believe it is a theropod, with a minority of academics suggesting that it may be an ornithischian. The type and only know ...
diegosuarezi'' is published by Baron (2022).


Saurischian research

* A study on the axial skeletons of '' Buriolestes schultzi'', '' Pampadromaeus barberenai'' and '' Gnathovorax cabreirai'' is published by Aureliano ''et al.'' (2022), who find no unambiguous evidence of postcranial pneumaticity in the studied taxa, and argue that an air sacs system permeating the skeletons was not present in the earliest dinosaurs, and evolved independently in theropods, sauropodomorphs and pterosaurs.


Theropod research

* Review of the morphology and distribution of non-feather integumentary structures in non-avialan theropods is published by Hendrickx ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the abundance of large theropods from the Upper Jurassic
Morrison Formation The Morrison Formation is a distinctive sequence of Upper Jurassic sedimentary rock found in the western United States which has been the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in North America. It is composed of mudstone, sandstone, siltston ...
and Upper Cretaceous
Dinosaur Park Formation The Dinosaur Park Formation is the uppermost member of the Belly River Group (also known as the Judith River Group), a major geologic unit in southern Alberta. It was deposited during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, between about 7 ...
in terms of population density and relative to the abundance of the megaherbivorous dinosaurs is published by Farlow ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret their findings as indicating that large theropods may have been more abundant on the landscape than inferred from extrapolations from the relationship between population density and body size in modern mammalian predators. *Description of a small high-density assemblage of theropod tracks from the Cretaceous
Haman Formation The Haman Formation () is an Early Cretaceous geological formation in South Korea. It has been dated to the Albian, with an estimated maximum depositional age of 105.4 ± 0.4 Ma. The deposit is known for its tracks, including those of dinos ...
(
South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone, with the Yellow Sea to the west and t ...
), and a study on the distribution of grallatorid tracks in east Asia, is published by Lockley ''et al.'' (2022). * Trackway produced by a large theropod, probably affected by a foot pathology, is described from the upper
Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago) It is a ...
locality of Las Hoyas (
La Huérguina Formation The La Huérguina Formation (also known as the Calizas de La Huérguina Formation, La Huérguina Limestone Formation or as the Una Formation) is a geological Formation (geology), formation in Spain whose strata date back to the Barremian stage of ...
,
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
) by Herrera-Castillo ''et al.'' (2022). * Revision of the fossil material of theropods from the Middle to Late Jurassic of the Vaches Noires cliffs (Normandy,
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
) is published by Monvoisin ''et al.'' (2022). * An isolated theropod tooth, possibly belonging to a member of
Allosauroidea Carnosauria is an extinct group of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs that lived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. While Carnosauria was historically considered largely synonymous with Allosauroidea, some recent studies have revived Carn ...
,
Tyrannosauroidea Tyrannosauroidea (meaning 'tyrant lizard forms') is a superfamily (or clade) of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that includes the family Tyrannosauridae as well as more basal relatives. Tyrannosauroids lived on the Laurasian supercontinent ...
and/or
Megaraptora Megaraptora is a clade of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs. Its derived members, the Megaraptoridae are noted for their large hand claws and powerfully-built forelimbs, which are usually reduced in size in other large theropods. Although undoubt ...
, is reported from the
Hauterivian The Hauterivian is, in the geologic timescale, an age in the Early Cretaceous Epoch or a stage in the Lower Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 132.6 ± 2 Ma and 125.77 (million years ago). The Hauterivian is preceded by the Valangi ...
–
Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago) It is a ...
Itsuki Formation (
Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
) by Ueda ''et al.'' (2022). * Revision of theropod teeth from the
Campanian The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campa ...
site of
Laño Laño () is a hamlet and '' concejo'' (a small administrative subdivision) in Condado de Treviño within the Treviño enclave; which is administratively part of the Spanish province of Burgos, but which is completely surrounded by the territo ...
(
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
), evaluating their implications for the knowledge of diversity and evolutionary history of theropods from the Late Cretaceous of Europe, is published by Isasmendi ''et al.'' (2022). * Davis ''et al.'' (2022) describe fossil material of theropods (both non-avian and avian) from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) deposits from a high paleolatitude (>60° S) Río de las Chinas Valley site ( Magallanes-Austral Basin,
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...
), representing the first record of theropods from Chilean Patagonia, and including the southernmost (outside of Antarctica) known occurrences of theropod clades such as megaraptorids, unenlagiines, enantiornithines and ornithurines. * A study aiming to determine the causes of the shortening of the forelimbs of giant theropods, especially tyrannosaurids, is published by Padian (2022). * A study on the bone histology and life history of specimens of ''
Coelophysis ''Coelophysis'' ( Traditional English pronunciation of Latin, traditionally; or , as heard more commonly in recent decades) is a genus of coelophysid Theropoda, theropod dinosaur that lived Approximation, approximately 215 to 201.4 million y ...
bauri'' from the bonebed from
Ghost Ranch Ghost Ranch is a retreat and education center in Rio Arriba County in north central New Mexico, United States. It is about 65 miles northwest of Santa Fe and 14 miles from Abiquiu, the nearest community. In the later 20th century, it was the ...
(
New Mexico New Mexico is a state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States. It is one of the Mountain States of the southern Rocky Mountains, sharing the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and Arizona. It also ...
,
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
) is published by Barta, Griffin &
Norell Norell is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Arne Norell (1917–1971), Swedish furniture designer *Ingeborg Norell (born 1727), the first Finnish female to have received an official decoration *Mark Norell (born 1957), American ...
(2022), who interpret their findings as indicative of a high degree of variation in growth trajectories among specimens belonging to this species. * Caudal vertebra of a theropod is described from the Aliança Formation (
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
) by De Oliveira, Oliveira & Fambrini (2022), who consider the studied specimen to be a basal
neotheropod Theropoda (; from ancient Greek , (''therion'') "wild beast"; , (''pous, podos'') "foot"">wiktionary:ποδός"> (''pous, podos'') "foot" is one of the three major groups (clades) of dinosaurs, alongside Ornithischia and Sauropodomor ...
, and interpret this finding as likely evidence of the survival of basal neotheropods into the Middle-Late Jurassic in
Gondwana Gondwana ( ; ) was a large landmass, sometimes referred to as a supercontinent. The remnants of Gondwana make up around two-thirds of today's continental area, including South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia (continent), Australia, Zea ...
. * The first definitive fossil (a vertebra) of an abelisaurid from the Upper Cretaceous
Bahariya Formation The Bahariya Formation (also transcribed as Baharija Formation) is a List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Egypt, fossiliferous Formation (stratigraphy), geologic formation dating back to the early Cenomanian, which outcrops within the Baha ...
(
Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
) is described by Salem ''et al.'' (2022). * A small abelisaurid caudal vertebra is described from the Upper Cretaceous
Presidente Prudente Formation The Presidente Prudente Formation is a geological formation of the Bauru Group in the Paraná Basin, located in Brazil whose strata date back to the Late Campanian The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the ge ...
(
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
) by Delcourt & Langer (2022), who interpret this vertebra as belonging to an adult animal, representing one of the smallest known abelisaurids. * Description of the anatomy of the appendicular skeleton of ''
Skorpiovenator ''Skorpiovenator'' ("scorpion hunter") is a genus of abelisaurid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Turonian) Huincul Formation of Argentina. The Monotypic taxon, sole species of ''Skorpiovenator'', ''S. bustingorryi'', was ...
bustingorryi'' is published by Cerroni ''et al.'' (2022). * Gianechini ''et al.'' (2022) describe an isolated caudal vertebra of an abelisaurid theropod from the
Santonian The Santonian is an age in the geologic timescale or a chronostratigraphic stage. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 86.3 ± 0.7 mya ( million years ago) and 83.6 ± 0.7 m ...
Bajo de la Carpa Formation The Bajo de la Carpa Formation is a geologic formation of the Neuquén Basin that outcrop, crops out in northern Patagonia, in the provinces of Río Negro Province, Río Negro and Neuquén Province, Neuquén, Argentina. It is the oldest of two for ...
(
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
), with anatomy indicative of affinities with older,
Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or the lowest stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Cretace ...
and
Turonian The Turonian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy, ICS' geologic timescale, the second age (geology), age in the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch, or a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the Upper Cretaceous series (stratigraphy), ...
non-
furileusauria Brachyrostra (meaning "short snouts") is a clade within the theropod dinosaur family Abelisauridae. It includes the famous genera ''Carnotaurus'', '' Aucasaurus'', potentially ''Abelisaurus'' as well as their close relatives from the Cretaceous P ...
n taxa, and indicating that the turnover of abelisaurid forms, with furileusaurias replacing basal
brachyrostra Brachyrostra (meaning "short snouts") is a clade within the theropod dinosaur family Abelisauridae. It includes the famous genera ''Carnotaurus'', ''Aucasaurus'', potentially ''Abelisaurus'' as well as their close relatives from the Cretaceous Pe ...
ns, occurred after the Turonian. * A study on the bone histology of the type specimen of '' Aucasaurus garridoi'' is published by Baiano & Cerda (2022). * An analysis of the possible aquatic habits of members of
Spinosauridae Spinosauridae (or spinosaurids) is a clade or Family (taxonomy), family of tetanuran theropod dinosaurs comprising ten to seventeen known genera. Spinosaurid fossils have been recovered worldwide, including Africa, Europe, South America, and Asia. ...
, as well as other non-avian dinosaurs, is published by Fabbri ''et al.'' (2022), who determine that a high
bone density Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue. The concept is of mass of mineral per volume of bone (relating to density in the physics sense), although medicine#Clinical practice, clinically it is measured by ...
would have allowed for underwater foraging in ''
Spinosaurus ''Spinosaurus'' (; ) is a genus of large spinosaurid theropod dinosaurs that lived in what now is North Africa during the Cenomanian faunal stage, stage of the Late Cretaceous Period (geology), period, about 100 to 94 annum, million year ...
'' and ''
Baryonyx ''Baryonyx'' () is a genus of theropod dinosaur which lived in the Barremian stage of the Early Cretaceous period, about 130–125 million years ago. The first skeleton was discovered in 1983 in the Smokejack Clay Pit, of Surrey, England, in ...
'', while ''
Suchomimus ''Suchomimus'', from Ancient Greek ''σούχος'' (''soúkhos''), meaning "crocodile", and Latin ''mimus'', meaning "actor", is a genus of spinosaurid dinosaur that lived between 125 and 112 million years ago in what is now Niger, North A ...
'' was likely better suited for terrestrial wading, despite morphological similarities to ''Baryonyx''. * Isasmendi ''et al.'' (2022) reinterpret a fragment of a maxilla from the Lower Cretaceous of La Rioja (
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
), previously assigned to ''Baryonyx'', as likely belonging to an indeterminate baryonychine closer to ''Baryonyx'' than to ''Suchomimus''. * Postcranial material of a giant spinosaurid, which was likely one of the largest European theropods reported to date, is described from the Lower Cretaceous
Vectis Formation The Vectis Formation is a geological Formation (geology), formation on the Isle of Wight and Swanage, England whose strata were formed in the Barremian, approximately 125 million years ago."Magnetostratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Vectis Forma ...
(
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
) by Barker ''et al.'' (2022). * Sereno ''et al.'' (2022) interpret the anatomy of the skeleton of ''Spinosaurus aegyptiacus'' as indicating that this theropod was incapable of diving and unstable in deeper water, report the discovery of fossils of members of the genus ''Spinosaurus'' in the Cenomanian
Echkar Formation The Echkar Formation is a geological Formation (geology), formation comprising sandstones and claystones in the Agadez Region of Niger, central Africa. Description Its strata date back to the Albian, Late Albian to Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian s ...
(
Niger Niger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It is a unitary state Geography of Niger#Political geography, bordered by Libya to the Libya–Niger border, north-east, Chad to the Chad–Niger border, east ...
) buried in fluvial overbank deposits far from a marine coastline, and interpret ''Spinosaurus'' as a semiaquatic shoreline ambush predator. * A study comapring dental microwear texture of ''
Allosaurus ''Allosaurus'' ( ) is an extinct genus of theropod dinosaur that lived 155 to 145 million years ago during the Late Jurassic period ( Kimmeridgian to late Tithonian ages). The first fossil remains that could definitively be ascribed to th ...
'' and tyrannosaurid theropods is published by Winkler ''et al.'' (2022), who confirm that younger theropods occupied different dietary niches to adult individuals, but don't find evidence indicating that tyrannosaurids consumed bones more frequently than ''Allosaurus''. * Paterna & Cau (2022) describe new
carcharodontosaurid Carcharodontosauridae (carcharodontosaurids; from the Greek καρχαροδοντόσαυρος, ''carcharodontósauros'': "shark-toothed lizards") is a group of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs. In 1931, Ernst Stromer named Carcharodontosauridae ...
cranial material from the
Kem Kem Group The Kem Kem Group (commonly known as the Kem Kem beds) is a geological group (stratigraphy), group in the Kem Kem region of eastern Morocco, whose strata date back to the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous. Its strata are subdivided into two ...
(
Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...
), including one partial maxilla with a morphology distinct from that of ''
Carcharodontosaurus ''Carcharodontosaurus'' (; ) is a genus of large carnivorous theropod dinosaur that lived in Northwest Africa from about 100 to 94 million years ago during the Cenomanian age of the Cretaceous. Two teeth of the genus, now lost, were first des ...
saharicus'', with a body size as comparable to the largest carcharodontosaurids, argue that '' Sauroniops pachytholus'' is distinct from ''Carcharodontosaurus'', and interpret their findings as supporting the presence of more than one giant carcharodontosaurid species in the
Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or the lowest stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Cretace ...
of Morocco. * A detailed description, comparison, and analysis of the tyrannosauroid ''
Eotyrannus ''Eotyrannus'' (meaning "dawn tyrant") is a genus of tyrannosauroid theropod dinosaur hailing from the Early Cretaceous Wessex Formation beds, included in Wealden Group, located in the southwest coast of the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom. The re ...
'' from the
Wessex Formation The Wessex Formation is a fossil-rich England, English geological formation that dates from the Berriasian to Barremian Stage (stratigraphy), stages of the Early Cretaceous. It forms part of the Wealden Group and underlies the younger Vectis Form ...
is published by Naish & Cau (2022). * Redescription of the first theropod tooth discovered in
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
(probably from the
Griman Creek Formation The Griman Creek Formation is a geological formation in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland, Australia whose strata date back to the Albian-Cenomanian stages of the mid-Cretaceous. It is most notable being a major source of opal, ...
) is published by Kotevski and Poropat (2022), who interpret the tooth as belonging to a member of
Megaraptoridae Megaraptora is a clade of carnivorous theropod dinosaurs. Its derived members, the Megaraptoridae are noted for their large hand claws and powerfully-built forelimbs, which are usually reduced in size in other large theropods. Although undoubt ...
. * Description of five theropod teeth assignable to three different families (
Troodontidae Troodontidae is a clade of bird-like theropod dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous. During most of the 20th century, troodontid fossils were few and incomplete and they have therefore been allied, at various times, with many dinos ...
,
Dromaeosauridae Dromaeosauridae () is a family of feathered coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs. They were generally small to medium-sized feathered carnivores that flourished in the Cretaceous Period. The name Dromaeosauridae means 'running lizards', from ...
, and
Tyrannosauridae Tyrannosauridae (or tyrannosaurids, meaning "tyrant lizards") is a family of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs that comprises two subfamilies containing up to fifteen genera, including the eponymous ''Tyrannosaurus''. The exact number of genera ...
) from the Early
Campanian The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campa ...
Nenjiang Formation (
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
) is published by Yu ''et al.'' (2022) * New theropod teeth, identified as teeth of dromaeosaurids and non-tyrannosaurid tyrannosauroids, are described from the
Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago) It is a ...
site of Vadillos-1 (Cuenca Province,
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
) by Berrocal-Casero ''et al.'' (2022). * Partial tyrannosauroid femur, morphologically similar to the femur of ''
Moros intrepidus ''Moros'' is a genus of small Tyrannosauroidea, tyrannosauroid theropoda, theropod dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now Utah. It contains a single species, ''M. intrepidus''. ''Moros'' represents one of the earlies ...
'' but not referable to this taxon, is described from the Albian–Cenomanian
Wayan Formation The Wayan Formation is a geological Formation (geology), formation in Idaho whose strata date back to the latest Early Cretaceous and the earliest Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur, other reptile, mammal, and micro and macro-floral remains are among the f ...
(
Idaho Idaho ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest and Mountain states, Mountain West subregions of the Western United States. It borders Montana and Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington (state), ...
, United States) by Krumenacker, Zanno & Sues (2022), who interpret this finding as evidence of the presence of a previously unrecognized tyrannosauroid in the early Late Cretaceous of Laramidia. * Evidence from the skeleton of ''
Gorgosaurus ''Gorgosaurus'' ( ; ) is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period (Campanian), between about 76.5 and 75 million years ago. Fossil remains have been found in the Ca ...
libratus'', interpreted as indicating that the specialized
arctometatarsus An arctometatarsalian organism is one in which the proximal part of the middle metatarsal is pinched between the surrounding metatarsals. The trait appears to be highly homoplastic, common in certain sorts of dinosaurs accustomed to running (among ...
of tyrannosaurid theropods was strengthened by distinctive and specific ligaments unknown in other theropods, is presented by Surring ''et al.'' (2022). * Two juvenile specimens of ''Gorgosaurus libratus'', providing new information on the anatomy and ontogeny of this taxon and tyrannosaurids in general, are described from the
Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the more recent of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''cre ...
Dinosaur Park Formation The Dinosaur Park Formation is the uppermost member of the Belly River Group (also known as the Judith River Group), a major geologic unit in southern Alberta. It was deposited during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, between about 7 ...
(
Alberta Alberta is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Canada. It is a part of Western Canada and is one of the three Canadian Prairies, prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to its west, Saskatchewan to its east, t ...
,
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
) by Voris ''et al.'' (2022). * Description of the frontal anatomy of ''
Teratophoneus ''Teratophoneus'' ("monstrous murderer"; Greek: ''teras'', "monster" and ''phoneus'', "murderer") is a genus of Tyrannosaurinae, tyrannosaurine Theropoda, theropod dinosaur that lived during the late Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous period, ...
curriei'' is published by Yun (2022). * A study on the anatomy of the skull of ''
Qianzhousaurus ''Qianzhousaurus'' (meaning "Qianzhou lizard") is a genus of tyrannosaurid dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Maastrichtian age of the Late Cretaceous period. There is currently only one species named, the type species ''Qianzhousaurus sinens ...
sinensis'' is published by Foster ''et al.'' (2022). * Kim ''et al.'' (2022) compare a fish centrum found with the
holotype A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ...
of ''
Raptorex ''Raptorex'' is a genus of tyrannosaurid dinosaur. Its fossil remains consist of a single juvenile specimen probably uncovered in Mongolia, or possibly northeastern China. The type species is ''R. kriegsteini'', described in 2009 by Sereno and ...
kriegsteini'' with ''
Harenaichthys ''Harenaichthys'' is an extinct genus of osteoglossiform fish that lived in Mongolia during the Late Cretaceous and was found in the Nemegt Formation. The type species is ''H. lui'' and is based solely on the holotype, which consists of partial ...
lui'' from the
Nemegt Formation The Nemegt Formation (also known as Nemegtskaya Svita) is a geological formation in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia, dating to the Late Cretaceous. The formation consists of river channel sediments and contains fossils of fish, turtles, crocodilians ...
(
Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...
) and Chinese '' Xixiaichthys tongxinensis'', and interpret their findings as supporting the conclusion that the holotype of ''R. kriegsteini'' comes from the Nemegt Formation. * A study on growth changes in the
frontal bone In the human skull, the frontal bone or sincipital bone is an unpaired bone which consists of two portions.'' Gray's Anatomy'' (1918) These are the vertically oriented squamous part, and the horizontally oriented orbital part, making up the bo ...
s of ''
Tarbosaurus ''Tarbosaurus'' ( ; meaning "alarming lizard") is a genus of large tyrannosaurid dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous epoch, about 70 million years ago (Maastrichtian age). It contains the single type species: ''Tarbosaurus ...
bataar'' is published by Yun, Peters & Currie (2022). * Description of the neurovascular canals in rostral cranial elements of ''
Tyrannosaurus ''Tyrannosaurus'' () is a genus of large theropod dinosaur. The type species ''Tyrannosaurus rex'' ( meaning 'king' in Latin), often shortened to ''T. rex'' or colloquially t-rex, is one of the best represented theropods. It lived througho ...
rex'', and a study on the evolution of these canals among
Sauropsida Sauropsida (Greek language, Greek for "lizard faces") is a clade of amniotes, broadly equivalent to the Class (biology), class Reptile, Reptilia, though typically used in a broader sense to also include extinct stem-group relatives of modern repti ...
and on the possibility of the presence of lips and specialised sensory organs among non-avian theropods, is published by Bouabdellah, Lessner & Benoit (2022). * A study refuting the claim that infection caused madibular pathologies in ''
Tyrannosaurus ''Tyrannosaurus'' () is a genus of large theropod dinosaur. The type species ''Tyrannosaurus rex'' ( meaning 'king' in Latin), often shortened to ''T. rex'' or colloquially t-rex, is one of the best represented theropods. It lived througho ...
'' is published by Rothschild, O'Connor, and Lozado (2022), who interpret the pathologies as instead being caused by intraspecific interactions. * Tsogtbaatar ''et al.'' (2022) describe fossils of two members of
Ornithomimosauria Ornithomimosauria ("bird-mimic lizards") are theropod dinosaurs which bore a superficial resemblance to the modern-day ostrich. They were fast, omnivorous or herbivorous dinosaurs from the Cretaceous Period of Laurasia (now Asia, Europe and No ...
of different body sizes from the
Santonian The Santonian is an age in the geologic timescale or a chronostratigraphic stage. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 86.3 ± 0.7 mya ( million years ago) and 83.6 ± 0.7 m ...
Eutaw Formation The Eutaw Formation is a geological Formation (geology), formation in North America, within the United States, U.S. states of Alabama, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, and Mississippi. The strata date from the late Coniacian to the early Santonian S ...
(
Mississippi Mississippi ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the s ...
,
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
), including fossil material of one of the largest members of Ornithomimosaurian known worldwide. * An ornithomimosaurian pelvis and sacrum is described from the Upper Cretaceous Erlian Formation (China) by Xi ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret this fossil material as likely belonging to a member of Ornithomimosauria distinct from ''
Archaeornithomimus ''Archaeornithomimus'' (meaning "ancient bird mimic") is a genus of ornithomimosaurian theropod dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous period, around 96 million years ago in the Iren Dabasu Formation. Discovery and naming In 1 ...
asiaticus'', probably representing an early-diverging group within Ornithomimosauria. * A pathologic
metatarsal The metatarsal bones or metatarsus (: metatarsi) are a group of five long bones in the midfoot, located between the tarsal bones (which form the heel and the ankle) and the phalanges ( toes). Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are ...
of a large-bodied
ornithomimid Ornithomimidae (meaning "bird-mimics") is an extinct family of theropod dinosaurs which bore a superficial resemblance to modern ostriches. Ornithomimids were fast, omnivorous or herbivorous dinosaurs known mainly from the Late Cretaceous Period ...
, likely affected by traumatic impact fracture with subsequent chronic
osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis (OM) is the infectious inflammation of bone marrow. Symptoms may include pain in a specific bone with overlying redness, fever, and weakness. The feet, spine, and hips are the most commonly involved bones in adults. The cause is ...
, is described from the
Santonian The Santonian is an age in the geologic timescale or a chronostratigraphic stage. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 86.3 ± 0.7 mya ( million years ago) and 83.6 ± 0.7 m ...
(
Eutaw Formation The Eutaw Formation is a geological Formation (geology), formation in North America, within the United States, U.S. states of Alabama, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, and Mississippi. The strata date from the late Coniacian to the early Santonian S ...
) (
Mississippi Mississippi ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the s ...
,
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
) by Chinzorig ''et al.'' (2022), who evaluate the implications of the studied specimen for the knowledge of the criteria which can be used to properly distinguish between
medullary bone The medullary cavity (''medulla'', innermost part) is the central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored; hence, the medullary cavity is also known as the marrow cavity. Located in the ma ...
and pathological
endosteal The endosteum (: endostea) is a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones. This endosteal surface is usually resorbed during long periods of malnutri ...
bone in archosaur fossils. * The first diagnostic ornithomimid fossils from the upper
Maastrichtian The Maastrichtian ( ) is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) geologic timescale, the latest age (geology), age (uppermost stage (stratigraphy), stage) of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or Upper Cretaceous series (s ...
Scollard Formation The Scollard Formation is an Upper Cretaceous to lower Palaeocene stratigraphic unit of the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin in southwestern Alberta. Its deposition spanned the time interval from latest Cretaceous to early Paleocene, and it inc ...
(Alberta, Canada) are described by Nottrodt (2022), extending the
stratigraphic Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks. Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithost ...
ranges of both ''
Ornithomimus ''Ornithomimus'' (; "bird mimic") is a genus of ornithomimid theropod dinosaurs from the Campanian and Maastrichtian ages of Late Cretaceous Western North America. ''Ornithomimus'' was a swift, bipedal dinosaur which fossil evidence indicates wa ...
'' and ''
Struthiomimus ''Struthiomimus'', meaning "ostrich-mimic" (from the Greek στρούθειος/''stroutheios'', or "of the ostrich", and μῖμος/''mimos'', meaning "mimic" or "imitator"), is a genus of ornithomimid dinosaurs from the late Cretaceous of Nor ...
'' in Alberta from the upper
Campanian The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campa ...
Dinosaur Park Formation The Dinosaur Park Formation is the uppermost member of the Belly River Group (also known as the Judith River Group), a major geologic unit in southern Alberta. It was deposited during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, between about 7 ...
through to the Scollard Formation, which constitutes more than 10 million years of time. * A study on the forelimbs of the
Alvarezsauroidea Alvarezsauroidea (from the Argentine historian, writer and physician Gregorio Álvarez) is a group of small maniraptoran dinosaurs. The group was first formally proposed by Choiniere and colleagues in 2010, to contain the family Alvarezsauridae ...
using evolutionary teratology is published by Guinard (2022). * Redescription of ''
Parvicursor ''Parvicursor'' (meaning "small runner") is a genus of tiny maniraptoran dinosaur with long slender legs for fast running. Discovery and naming The holotype PIN no. 4487/25, mostly consisting of vertebrae, the pelvis and the right hindlimb, w ...
remotus'' is published by Averianov & Lopatin (2022), who reinterpret the holotype of this genus as a juvenile and consider ''
Linhenykus ''Linhenykus'' is an extinct genus of alvarezsaurid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, China. It is the most basal known member of the Parvicursorinae. The genus gets its name from Linhe, a city near the site where t ...
monodactylus'' and ''
Ceratonykus ''Ceratonykus'' (meaning "horned claw") is a monospecific genus of alvarezsaurid dinosaur from Mongolia that lived during the Late Cretaceous (late Campanian stage, 72.1 Ma) in what is now the Barun Goyot Formation. The type and only species, ''C ...
oculatus'' to be synonymous with it. * A study on the jaw adductor musculature and bite force of members of
Oviraptorosauria Oviraptorosaurs ("egg thief lizards") are a group of feathered maniraptoran dinosaurs from the Cretaceous Period (geology), Period of what are now Asia and North America. They are distinct for their characteristically short, beaked, parrot-like s ...
is published by Meade & Ma (2022). * Review of the knowledge of the reproductive biology of the Late Cretaceous oviraptorosaurs is published by Yang & Sander (2022). * A study aiming to determine how the developmental stage of well-preserved oviraptorosaur embryos can be estimated is published by Deeming & Kundrát (2022), who argue that known articulated oviraptorosaur embryos, including the
oviraptorid Oviraptoridae is a group of bird-like, herbivorous and omnivorous maniraptoran dinosaurs. Oviraptorids are characterized by their toothless, parrot-like beaks and, in some cases, elaborate crests. They were generally small, measuring between one ...
specimen from the
Hekou Formation The Hekou Formation is a Cretaceous geologic formation in China. Pterosaur fossils have been recovered from the formation. It is a unit of the Guifeng Group and dates to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur fossils from the formation include a nearly ...
(China) described by Xing ''et al.'' (2021), were not close to hatching. * Averianov & Lopatin (2022) report the discovery of fossil material of a member of the genus ''
Avimimus ''Avimimus'' ( ), meaning "bird mimic" (Latin ''avis'' = bird + ''mimus'' = mimic), is a genus of oviraptorosaurian theropod dinosaur, named for its bird-like characteristics, that lived in the late Cretaceous in what is now Mongolia, around 85 t ...
'' from the
Santonian The Santonian is an age in the geologic timescale or a chronostratigraphic stage. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 86.3 ± 0.7 mya ( million years ago) and 83.6 ± 0.7 m ...
Ialovachsk Formation (
Tajikistan Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is the capital city, capital and most populous city. Tajikistan borders Afghanistan to the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border, south, Uzbekistan to ...
), representing the first record of an avimimid oviraptorosaur from Central Asia reported to date. * A subadult oviraptorid specimen interpreted as the first non-hatchling specimen of ''
Yulong mini ''Yulong'' is an extinct genus of derived oviraptorid theropod dinosaur known from the Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Henan Province, central China. It contains a single species, ''Yulong mini''. It is known from many juvenile specimens th ...
'' reported to date is described from the Upper Cretaceous
Qiupa Formation The Qiupa Formation () is a Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian geologic formation in Henan Province, central China. It is rich in dinosaur eggs and bones, such as those of carnivorous and herbivorous dinosaurs. The Qiupa Formation is considered to be ...
(China) by Wei ''et al.'' (2022). * Serrano-Brañas ''et al.'' (2022) describe the first
caenagnathid Caenagnathidae is a family of derived caenagnathoid dinosaurs from the Cretaceous of North America and Asia. They are a member of the Oviraptorosauria, and relatives of the Oviraptoridae. Like other oviraptorosaurs, caenagnathids had specialized ...
material from the Upper Cretaceous
Cerro del Pueblo Formation The Cerro del Pueblo Formation is a geological Formation (geology), formation in Saltillo, capital city of the state of Coahuila, Mexico, whose strata date back to the latest Campanian of the Late Cretaceous, just before the Campanian-Maastric ...
(
Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...
), representing the southernmost
Laramidia Laramidia was an island continent that existed during the Late Cretaceous period (99.6–66 Year#SI prefix multipliers, Ma), when the Western Interior Seaway split the continent of North America in two. In the Mesozoic era, Laramidia was an island ...
n record of caenagnathids reported to date. * A study on the evolution of the skull morphology of non-
avialan Avialae ("bird wings") is a clade containing the only living dinosaurs, the birds, and their closest relatives. It is usually defined as all theropod dinosaurs more closely related to birds (Aves) than to deinonychosaurs, though alternative defi ...
paravian Paraves are a widespread group of theropod dinosaurs that originated in the Middle Jurassic period. In addition to the extinct dromaeosaurids, troodontids, anchiornithids, and possibly the scansoriopterygids, the group also contains the av ...
theropods is published by Pei & Xu (2022). * A dromaeosaurid-like sickle claw, similar in some ways to ''
Pyroraptor ''Pyroraptor'' (meaning "fire thief") is an extinct genus of paravian dinosaur, probably a dromaeosaurid or unenlagiid, from the Late Cretaceous Ibero-Armorican island, of what is now southern France. It lived during the late Campanian and earl ...
olympius'', is reported from the
Grès à Reptiles Formation Grès was a French haute couture fashion house founded by Madame Grès in 1942. Parfums Grès is the associated perfume house, which still exists, and is now based in Switzerland. History Germaine Émilie Krebs (1903–1993), known as Alix Ba ...
(
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
) by Brilhante ''et al.'' (2022). * Sues, Averianov & Britt (2022) describe a pedal
phalanx The phalanx (: phalanxes or phalanges) was a rectangular mass military formation, usually composed entirely of heavy infantry armed with spears, pikes, sarissas, or similar polearms tightly packed together. The term is particularly used t ...
of a dromaeosaurid theropod from the
Turonian The Turonian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy, ICS' geologic timescale, the second age (geology), age in the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch, or a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the Upper Cretaceous series (stratigraphy), ...
Bissekty Formation The Bissekty Formation (sometimes referred to as Bissekt) is a formation (geology), geologic formation and Lagerstätte which outcrop, crops out in the Kyzyl Kum desert of Uzbekistan, and dates to the Late Cretaceous Period (geology), Period. Laid ...
(
Uzbekistan , image_flag = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg , image_coat = Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg , symbol_type = Emblem of Uzbekistan, Emblem , national_anthem = "State Anthem of Uzbekistan, State Anthem of the Republ ...
), and estimate that the studied dromaeosaurid attained a larger body size than any previously known member of that clade. * Hone ''et al.'' (2022) report the presence of the remains of a small fossil mammal foot inside the body cavity of the
holotype A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ...
of '' Microraptor zhaoianus'', indicating that the diet of this theropod included mammals. * A study on the phylogenetic relationships of members of
Eudromaeosauria Eudromaeosauria (International Phonetic Alphabet, ; "true dromaeosaurs") is a subgroup of terrestrial Dromaeosauridae, dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaurs. They were small to large-sized predators that flourished during the Cretaceous Period (geolo ...
is published by Powers ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret '' Acheroraptor temertyorum'' and '' Atrociraptor marshalli'' as members of the
Saurornitholestinae Eudromaeosauria (International Phonetic Alphabet, ; "true dromaeosaurs") is a subgroup of terrestrial Dromaeosauridae, dromaeosaurid theropod dinosaurs. They were small to large-sized predators that flourished during the Cretaceous Period (geolo ...
. * A study on the skeletal anatomy and affinities of '' Dineobellator notohesperus'' is published by Jasinski ''et al'' (2022). * Letizio, Bertini, & Medeiros (2022) describe
unenlagiine Unenlagiinae is a subfamily of long-snouted paravian theropods. They are traditionally considered to be members of Dromaeosauridae, though some authors place them into their own family, Unenlagiidae, sometimes alongside the subfamily Halszkarapt ...
teeth from a tooth assemblage in the Late Cretaceous (
Albian The Albian is both an age (geology), age of the geologic timescale and a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early Cretaceous, Early/Lower Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch/s ...
–
Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or the lowest stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Cretace ...
)
Alcântara Formation The Alcântara Formation is a geological Formation (geology), formation in Northeast Region, Brazil, northeastern Brazil whose strata date back to the Cenomanian of the Late Cretaceous. Fossil content Dinosaurs Sauropods Theropods ...
(
São Luís-Grajaú Basin SAO or Sao may refer to: Places * Sao civilisation, in Middle Africa from 6th century BC to 16th century AD * Sao, a town in Boussé Department, Burkina Faso * Serb Autonomous Regions (''Srpska autonomna oblast'', SAO), during the breakup of Y ...
), of
Maranhão Maranhão () is a States of Brazil, state in Brazil. Located in the country's Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast Region, it has a population of about 7 million and an area of and it is divided into 217 municipalities. Clockwise from north, it ...
, Brazil, and determine that Unenlagiinae had a wider chronological and geographical distribution than was previously thought. * Yu ''et al.'' (2022) describe a
troodontid Troodontidae is a clade of bird-like theropod dinosaurs from the Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous. During most of the 20th century, troodontid fossils were few and incomplete and they have therefore been allied, at various times, with many dinos ...
tooth from the Upper Cretaceous
Yuliangze Formation The Yuliangze Formation, or Yuliangzi Formation, is a geological formation in Heilongjiang, China whose strata date back to the early-middle Maastrichtian. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.Weisham ...
(Heilongjiang, China), expanding known geographic range of the ''
Troodon ''Troodon'' ( ; ''Troödon'' in older sources) is a controversial genus of relatively small, bird-like theropod dinosaurs definitively known from the Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous period (about 77 million years ago). It includes at l ...
'' tooth morphotype. * New theropod assemblage, including the first records of a large carcharodontosaur allosauroid and of a troodontid maniraptoran in
Appalachia Appalachia ( ) is a geographic region located in the Appalachian Mountains#Regions, central and southern sections of the Appalachian Mountains in the east of North America. In the north, its boundaries stretch from the western Catskill Mountai ...
reported to date, as well as the earliest occurrence of a tyrannosauroid in Appalachia reported to date, is described from the
Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or the lowest stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Cretace ...
Lewisville Formation (Woodbine Group;
Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...
, United States) by Noto ''et al.'' (2022).


Sauropodomorph research

* A study on the shape variation of long bones in limbs of sauropodomorphs, and on its implications for the knowledge of the evolution of the sauropod bauplan, is published by Lefebvre ''et al.'' (2022). * Review of the biological mechanisms underpinning the evolutionary transition from obligatory or facultative bipedalism to an obligatory quadrupedalism in sauropodomorphs is published by Otero & Hutchinson (2022). * A study on the impact of climate on distribution of sauropodomorphs during their early evolutionary history is published by Dunne ''et al.'' (2022), who find that Late Triassic sauropodomorphs occupied a more restricted climatic niche space than other tetrapods (including other dinosaurs), being excluded from the hottest, low-latitude climate zones, that the expansion of sauropodomorph geographic distribution during the Early Jurassic was facilitated by climatic change and the expansion of their preferred, cooler climatic conditions, and that later in the Early Jurassic, close to the radiation of Sauropoda, they shifted to a warmer climatic niche. * Revision and a study on the phylogenetic affinities of
Carnian The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Triassic series (stratigraphy), Series (or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Triassic Epoch (reference date), Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227.3 ...
sauropodomorphs from South America is published by Langer ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the shape and variation of the anterolateral scar in the
femora The femur (; : femurs or femora ), or thigh bone is the only bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee. In many four-legged animals the femur is the upper bone of the hindleg. The top of the femur fits in ...
of ''Pampadromaeus barberenai'' and ''Buriolestes schultzi'', and on its implications for the knowledge of the distribution of the anterolateral scar in
ornithodira Avemetatarsalia (meaning "bird metatarsals") is a clade of diapsid reptiles containing all archosaurs more closely related to birds than to crocodilians. The two most successful groups of avemetatarsalians were the dinosaurs and pterosaurs. Di ...
ns, is published by Müller (2022). * An approximately 228-million-years-old series of five cervical vertebrae of a sauropodomorph dinosaur is reported from
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
by Damke ''et al.'' (2022), who report that the vertebrae of the studied specimen are proportionately longer than that of older forms and shorter than that of younger ones, and interpret this specimen as indicating that the elongation of the neck of sauropodomorphs was a gradual evolutionary process. * A study on the taphonomy of the sauropodomorph fauna from the
Late Triassic The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch (geology), epoch of the Triassic geologic time scale, Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between annum, Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch a ...
Los Colorados Formation The Los Colorados Formation is a sedimentary geological formation, rock formation of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, found in the provinces of San Juan Province, Argentina, San Juan and La Rioja Province (Argentina), La Rioja in Argentina. ...
(
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
) is published by Pérez ''et al.'' (2022). * Reconstruction of the appendicular musculature of ''
Thecodontosaurus ''Thecodontosaurus'' ("socket-tooth lizard") is a genus of herbivorous basal sauropodomorph dinosaur that lived during the late Triassic period (Carnian? age). Its remains are known mostly from Triassic "fissure fillings" in South England. ''T ...
antiquus'' is presented by Ballell,
Rayfield Rayfield is an English surname. Notable people with the name include: People * Dan Rayfield (born 1979), American politician from Oregon * Donald Rayfield (born 1942), British professor and writer * Emily Rayfield, British palaeontologist * Gordon ...
& Benton (2022). * A new, large sized early
sauropodomorph Sauropodomorpha ( ; from Greek, meaning "lizard-footed forms") is an extinct clade of long-necked, herbivorous, saurischian dinosaurs that includes the sauropods and their ancestral relatives. Sauropods generally grew to very large sizes, had lo ...
specimen is described from the
Late Triassic The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch (geology), epoch of the Triassic geologic time scale, Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between annum, Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch a ...
(
Carnian The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Triassic series (stratigraphy), Series (or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Triassic Epoch (reference date), Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227.3 ...
)
Santa Maria Formation The Santa Maria Formation is a sedimentary rock formation found in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is primarily Carnian in age (Late Triassic), and is notable for its fossils of cynodonts, " rauisuchian" pseudosuchians, and early dinosaurs and othe ...
(
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
) by Müller and Garcia (2022) * Jannel, Salisbury & Panagiotopoulou (2022) present evidence from the study of ''
Plateosaurus ''Plateosaurus'' (probably meaning "broad lizard", often mistranslated as "flat lizard") is a genus of plateosaurid dinosaur that lived during the Late Triassic period, around 214 to 204 million years ago, in what is now Central and Northern Eu ...
engelhardti'', ''
Rhoetosaurus ''Rhoetosaurus'' (meaning "Rhoetos lizard"), named after Rhoetus, a titan in Greek mythology, is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Jurassic ( Oxfordian) Walloon Coal Measures of what is now eastern Australia. ''Rhoetosaurus'' is estimated ...
brownei'', ''
Camarasaurus ''Camarasaurus'' ( ) is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Late Jurassic period. Its fossil remains have been found in the Morrison Formation, dating to the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian ages of the Jurassic, betwe ...
'', ''
Giraffatitan ''Giraffatitan'' (name meaning "titanic giraffe") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived during the late Jurassic Period (geology), Period (Kimmeridgian–Tithonian stages) in what is now Lindi Region, Tanzania. Only one species is known, ...
brancai'' and ''
Diplodocus ''Diplodocus'' (, , or ) is an extinct genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaurs known from the Late Jurassic of North America. The first fossils of ''Diplodocus'' were discovered in 1877 by S. W. Williston. The generic name, coined by Othnie ...
carnegii'' indicating that the studied sauropodomorphs would have been unable to support their weight without a soft tissue pad in the pes, and interpret their findings as indicative of the appearance of pedal soft tissue pad early in the course of the evolution of sauropod dinosaurs. * A study on the histology of long bones of ''
Massospondylus ''Massospondylus'' ( ) is a genus of sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic of southern Africa. It was described by Sir Richard Owen in 1854 from remains discovered in South Africa, and is thus one of the first dinosaurs to have been ...
carinatus'' from multiple anatomical regions, ranging in size from embryo to adult, is published by Chapelle ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret their findings as indicative of substantial variations in growth history, and as providing no evidence for differential growth rates in forelimb and hindlimb samples from the same individual, thus refuting hypothesised ontogenetic postural shifts in ''Massospondylus''. * Revision of the non-
gravisauria Sauropoda (), whose members are known as sauropods (; from '' sauro-'' + '' -pod'', 'lizard-footed'), is a clade of saurischian ('lizard-hipped') dinosaurs. Sauropods had very long necks, long tails, small heads (relative to the rest of their bo ...
n
sauropodiform Sauropodomorpha ( ; from Greek, meaning "lizard-footed forms") is an extinct clade of long-necked, herbivorous, saurischian dinosaurs that includes the sauropods and their ancestral relatives. Sauropods generally grew to very large sizes, had lon ...
taxa from South America (''
Mussaurus ''Mussaurus'' (meaning "mouse lizard") is a genus of herbivorous sauropodomorph dinosaur that lived in southern Argentina during the Sinemurian stage of the Early Jurassic. It receives its name from the small size of the skeletons of juvenile and ...
patagonicus'', ''
Leonerasaurus ''Leonerasaurus'' is a basal (phylogenetics), basal genus of Sauropodomorpha, sauropodomorph dinosaur. Currently, there is only one species known, named ''L. taquetrensis'' by Diego Pol, Alberto Garrido and Ignacio A. Cerda in 2011 in paleon ...
taquetrensis'', ''
Lessemsaurus ''Lessemsaurus'' is an extinct genus of sauropodiform dinosaur belonging to Lessemsauridae. Naming and description The type species, ''L. sauropoides'', was formally described by José Fernando Bonaparte in 1999 in honor of Don Lessem, a w ...
sauropoides'' and ''
Ingentia ''Ingentia'' is a genus of early sauropodiform dinosaur, sometimes considered a basal sauropod, from the Late Triassic (late Norian-Rhaetian) of Argentina. The type specimen of ''Ingentia'', PVSJ 1086, was discovered in the Quebrada del Barro Fo ...
prima'' is published by Apaldetti & Martínez (2022). * A study on changes occurring in the postcranial skeleton of ''Mussaurus patagonicus'' during its ontogeny is published by Otero & Pol (2022). * A study on the bone
histology Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissue (biology), tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at large ...
and life history of ''Mussaurus patagonicus'' is published by Cerda ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the bone histology of ''
Aardonyx ''Aardonyx'' (Afrikaans ''aard'', "earth" + Greek , "nail, claw") is a genus of basal sauropodomorph dinosaur. It is known from the type species ''Aardonyx celestae'' found from the Early Jurassic Elliot Formation of South Africa. ''A. celest ...
celestae'' and ''
Sefapanosaurus ''Sefapanosaurus'' was an early, herbivorous sauropodomorph dinosaur occurring in the southern regions of Gondwana some 200 million years ago in the Late Triassic or Early Jurassic. The sauropodomorphs were the dominant terrestrial herbivores thr ...
zatronensis'' is published by Botha, Choiniere & Benson (2022), who interpret their findings as indicative of rapid but seasonally interrupted growth, and indicating that highly accelerated growth rates first evolved among non-sauropod sauropodomorphs weighing 1 to 2 tons, preceding the appearance of giant sauropods. * Evidence of widespread incompleteness of necks even in best-preserved and best-known sauropod specimens, and of widespread distortion of known sauropod cervical vertebrae, is presented by
Taylor Taylor, Taylors or Taylor's may refer to: People * Taylor (surname) ** List of people with surname Taylor * Taylor (given name), including Tayla and Taylah * Taylor sept, a branch of Scottish clan Cameron * Justice Taylor (disambiguation) ...
(2022). * A study aiming to determine whether the sauropod tracks from the
Kimmeridgian In the geologic timescale, the Kimmeridgian is an age in the Late Jurassic Epoch and a stage in the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 154.8 ±0.8 Ma and 149.2 ±0.7 Ma (million years ago). The Kimmeridgian follows the Oxfordian ...
Courtedoux-Tchâfouè track site (
Reuchenette Formation The Reuchenette Formation is a Jurassic geologic formation in Switzerland. It is Kimmeridgian in age and predominantly consists of well stratified limestone, with lithology variable both laterally and stratigraphically including wackestones, pac ...
,
Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...
) all represent the same ichnogenus and whether there is variation in their morphology, using linear-based and geometric
morphometrics Morphometrics (from Greek μορΦή ''morphe'', "shape, form", and -μετρία ''metria'', "measurement") or morphometry refers to the quantitative analysis of ''form'', a concept that encompasses size and shape. Morphometric analyses are co ...
methods, is published by Sciscio ''et al.'' (2022). * A sample of sauropod caudal vertebrae is described from the
Maastrichtian The Maastrichtian ( ) is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) geologic timescale, the latest age (geology), age (uppermost stage (stratigraphy), stage) of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or Upper Cretaceous series (s ...
of
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
by Mocho, Pérez-García & Codrea (2022), expanding the knowledge of the diversity of the sauropods of the
Hațeg Island Hațeg Island was a large offshore Former island, island in the Tethys Sea which existed during the Late Cretaceous period, probably from the Cenomanian to the Maastrichtian ages. It was situated in an area corresponding to the region around moder ...
during the Maastrichtian, and potentially providing evidence of four different tail morphologies which might belong to four sauropod taxa. * Redescription of the anatomy of the dorsal vertebrae of '' Xinjiangtitan shanshanesis'' is published by Zhang ''et al.'' (2022). * Fragmentary heart-shaped tooth crown of a sauropod is described from the
Bathonian In the geologic timescale the Bathonian is an age (geology), age and stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Middle Jurassic. It lasted from approximately 168.2 ±1.2 annum, Ma to around 165.3 ±1.1 Ma (million years ago). The Bathonian Age succeeds ...
Jaisalmer Formation The Jaisalmer Formation is a Middle to Late Jurassic-aged geologic formation located in India near the city of Jaisalmer that consists mainly of marine deposits. The formation was first identified and defined by geologist Richard Dixon Oldham in ...
(
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
) by Sharma, Singh & Satheesh (2022), who interpret this specimen as the first known record of a member of
Turiasauria Turiasauria is an unranked clade of eusauropod dinosaurs known from Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous deposits in Europe, North America, and Africa. Description Turiasauria was originally erected by Royo-Torres et al. (2006) to include '' Tur ...
from India. * A study on the tail motion and speed in diplodocid sauropods is published by Conti ''et al.'' (2022), who find the speed that could be reached by diplodocid tails to be lower than the speed of sound, and find that the tail would not have withstood the stresses imposed by travelling at the speed of sound. * Description of a nearly complete skull of a member of the genus ''
Apatosaurus ''Apatosaurus'' (; meaning "deceptive lizard") is a genus of herbivorous sauropod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Late Jurassic period. Othniel Charles Marsh described and named the first-known species, ''A. ajax'', in 1877, a ...
'' from the Upper Jurassic
Morrison Formation The Morrison Formation is a distinctive sequence of Upper Jurassic sedimentary rock found in the western United States which has been the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in North America. It is composed of mudstone, sandstone, siltston ...
(
Como Bluff Como Bluff is a long ridge extending east–west, located between the towns of Rock River and Medicine Bow, Wyoming. The ridge is an anticline, formed as a result of compressional geological folding. Three geological formations, the Sundance, ...
,
Wyoming Wyoming ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States, Western United States. It borders Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho t ...
,
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
), and a study on the tooth replacement in this specimen, is published by Peterson ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret their findings as indicative of a different tooth replacement pattern in ''Apatosaurus'' relative to ''
Diplodocus ''Diplodocus'' (, , or ) is an extinct genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaurs known from the Late Jurassic of North America. The first fossils of ''Diplodocus'' were discovered in 1877 by S. W. Williston. The generic name, coined by Othnie ...
'', possibly pointing to the ecological niche partitioning among diplodocids and to ''Apatosaurus''’ preference for a food source with tougher vegetation. * A study on bony pathologic structures stemming from the pneumatic features in the cervical vertebrae of a diplodocine specimen from the Lower O’Hair Quarry (Morrison Formation;
Montana Montana ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, an ...
, United States) is published by Woodruff ''et al.'' (2022), who diagnose this specimen as likely affected by an avian-like
airsacculitis Airsacculitis, also known as air sacculitis, aerosacculitis, air sac disease, air sac infection, air sac syndrome and simply sac disease, is a common inflammatory condition of air sacs that occurs in birds and is caused by various microbial (mo ...
, constituting the first identification of this disease in a non-avian dinosaur specimen. * A study on the
histology Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissue (biology), tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at large ...
of teeth of ''
Diplodocus ''Diplodocus'' (, , or ) is an extinct genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaurs known from the Late Jurassic of North America. The first fossils of ''Diplodocus'' were discovered in 1877 by S. W. Williston. The generic name, coined by Othnie ...
'' is published by Price & Whitlock (2022). * A study on the bone histology and paleobiology of the
holotype A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ...
specimen of ''
Brachytrachelopan ''Brachytrachelopan'' is a short-necked sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic ( Oxfordian to Tithonian) of Argentina. The holotype and only known specimen ( Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio MPEF-PV 1716) was collected from an erosional ex ...
mesai'' is published by Windholz ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret the holotype as a sexually immature individual, and find evidence indicative of a sustained, accelerated growth. * New specimen of '' Pilmatueia faundezi'', providing new information on the anatomy of the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle of this sauropod, is described from the
Valanginian In the geologic timescale, the Valanginian is an age or stage of the Early or Lower Cretaceous. It spans between 137.05 ± 0.2 Ma and 132.6 ± 0.2 Ma (million years ago). The Valanginian Stage succeeds the Berriasian Stage of the Lower Cretac ...
Mulichinco Formation The Mulichinco Formation is a geological formation in Argentina. It is Valanginian in age and is predominantly terrestrial, being deposited at a time of marine regression in the Neuquén Basin, and predominantly consists of siliciclastic Silici ...
(
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
) by Windholz ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the external morphology, internal microanatomy and bone microstructure of the hemispinous processes of the vertebrae from the
holotype A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ...
specimen of ''
Amargasaurus ''Amargasaurus'' (; "La Amarga lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous epoch (geology), epoch (129.4–122.46 Mya (unit), mya) of what is now Argentina. The only known skeleton was discovered in 1984 and is virtually ...
cazaui'' and an indeterminate
dicraeosaurid Dicraeosauridae is a family of diplodocoid sauropods who are the sister group to Diplodocidae. Dicraeosaurids are a part of the Flagellicaudata, along with Diplodocidae. Dicraeosauridae includes genera such as ''Amargasaurus'', ''Suuwassea'', '' ...
specimen from the
La Amarga Formation The La Amarga Formation is a geologic formation with outcrops in the Argentine provinces of Río Negro, Neuquén, and Mendoza. It is the oldest Cretaceous terrestrial formation in the Neuquén Basin. The type locality is La Amarga Arroyo and ...
(Argentina), aiming to reconstruct soft tissues associated with those processes and to determine their functional significance, is published by Cerda,
Novas A nova ( novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months. All observed novae involve white d ...
, Carballido and Salgado (2022). * Evidence indicating that dicraeosaurid vertebral pneumaticity was reduced relative to other eusauropod taxa is presented by Windholz ''et al.'' (2022). * Description of
rebbachisaurid Rebbachisauridae is a Family (biology), family of sauropod dinosaurs known from fragmentary fossil remains from the Cretaceous of South America, Africa, North America, Europe and possibly Central Asia. Taxonomy In 1990 sauropod specialist Jack M ...
fossil material from the
Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 143.1 to 66 mya (unit), million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era (geology), Era, as well as the longest. At around 77.1 million years, it is the ...
lower
Huincul Formation The Huincul Formation is a geologic formation of Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Turonian, Early Turonian) age of the Neuquén Basin that outcrops in the Mendoza Province, Mendoza, Rio Negro Province, Río Negro and Neuquén Provinces of northern ...
(El Orejano locality) (
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
) is published by Bellardini ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret the remains as likely belonging to a unique taxon, thereby increasing the diversity of rebbachisaurids in the formation. * A study on the skeletal anatomy and affinities of ''
Agustinia ''Agustinia'' () is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of South America. The genus contains a single species, ''A. ligabuei'', known from a single specimen that was recovered from the Lohan Cura Formation of Neuquén Provinc ...
ligabuei'' is published by Bellardini ''et al.'' (2022), who recover ''Agustinia'' as a rebbachisaurid. * Four sauropod ribs preserving evidence of three different pathologies (including
osteosclerosis Osteosclerosis is a disorder characterized by abnormal hardening of bone and an elevation in bone density. It may predominantly affect the medullary portion and/or cortex of bone. Plain radiographs are a valuable tool for detecting and classif ...
) are described from the
Middle Jurassic The Middle Jurassic is the second Epoch (geology), epoch of the Jurassic Period (geology), Period. It lasted from about 174.1 to 161.5 million years ago. Fossils of land-dwelling animals, such as dinosaurs, from the Middle Jurassic are relativel ...
of Yunyang (
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
) by Tan ''et al.'' (2022). * Ren ''et al.'' (2022) interpret ''
Dashanpusaurus ''Dashanpusaurus'' (meaning "Dashanpu lizard" after the township it was discovered in) is an extinct genus of sauropod dinosaur that lived during the middle of the Jurassic period. The dinosaur was described in 2005 by Peng Guangzhao, Ye Yong, Ga ...
dongi'' as the earliest diverging
macronaria Macronaria is a clade of sauropod dinosaurs. Macronarians are named after the large diameter of the nasal opening of their skull, known as the external naris, which exceeded the size of the orbit, the skull opening where the eye is located (hence ...
n; subsequently Ren ''et al.'' (2022) publish a comprehensive redescription of ''D. dongi''. * A study on the anatomy of the braince and inner ear of '' Europasaurus holgeri'' is published by Schade ''et al.'' (2022), who report the presence of a relatively large and morphologically adult-like endosseous labyrinth in very young individuals of ''Europasaurus'', suggesting that hatchlings had to be light on their feet very early in their lives, and were likely
precocial Precocial species in birds and mammals are those in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching. They are normally nidifugous, meaning that they leave the nest shortly after birth or hatching. Altricial ...
. * Revision of the fossil record of non-titanosaur macronarians from South America is published by Carballido, Bellardini & Salgado (2022). * A study on the morphology, preservation and taphonomy of the skin of ''
Haestasaurus ''Haestasaurus'' is a genus of herbivorous sauropod dinosaur, belonging to the Macronaria, that during the Early Cretaceous lived in the area of present-day England. The only species is ''Haestasaurus becklesii''.Upchurch P., Mannion P.D., Taylor ...
becklesii'', and a review of sauropod skin morphology, is published by Pittman ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic affinities of ''
Ligabuesaurus ''Ligabuesaurus'' is a genus of titanosauriformes, somphospondylan sauropod from the Early Cretaceous Lohan Cura Formation of what is now Argentina. The type species, ''Ligabuesaurus leanzai'', was described in 2006, based on a partial skeleton wi ...
leanzai'', based on data from new postcranial elements assigned to the
holotype A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ...
specimen and from a newly referred specimen, is published by Bellardini ''et al.'' (2022). * Description of teeth of a sauropod belonging to the group
Somphospondyli Somphospondyli is an extinct clade of titanosauriformes, titanosauriform sauropods that lived from the Late Jurassic until the end of the Late Cretaceous, comprising all titanosauriforms more closely related to Titanosauria proper than Brachiosau ...
from the
Turonian The Turonian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy, ICS' geologic timescale, the second age (geology), age in the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch, or a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the Upper Cretaceous series (stratigraphy), ...
Tamagawa Formation (
Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
), and a study on the diet and mastication of this sauropod as inferred from tooth wear, is published by Sakaki ''et al.'' (2022). * Description of the
endocast An endocast is the internal cast of a hollow object, often referring to the cranial vault in the study of brain development in humans and other organisms. Endocasts can be artificially made for examining the properties of a hollow, inaccessible ...
of ''
Phuwiangosaurus ''Phuwiangosaurus'' (meaning "Phu Wiang lizard") is a genus of titanosaur dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian) Sao Khua Formation of Thailand. The type species, ''P. sirindhornae'', was described by Martin, Buffetaut, and ...
sirindhornae'' is published by Kaikaew ''et al.'' (2022). * Previously unknown second cervical vertebra of ''
Sibirotitan ''Sibirotitan'' ("Siberian titan") is a genus of somphospondyl sauropod from the Ilek Formation of Russia. The type and only species is ''S. astrosacralis''. Discovery and naming The material assigned to ''Sibirotitan'' was found in the Shest ...
astrosacralis'' is described from the
Aptian The Aptian is an age (geology), age in the geologic timescale or a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous, Early or Lower Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or series (stratigraphy), S ...
Ilek Formation The Ilek Formation is a Lower Cretaceous geologic Formation (geology), formation in Western Siberia. Many different fossils have been recovered from the formation. It overlies the Late Jurassic Tyazhin Formation and underlies the Albian Kiya Form ...
(
Kemerovo Oblast Kemerovo Oblast (, ), also known as Kuzbass (, ), after the Kuznetsk Basin, is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Kemerovo is the administrative center and largest city of the oblast. Kemerovo Oblast is one of Rus ...
,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
) by Averianov & Lopatin (2022). * A study on the phylogenetic relationships of titanosaur sauropods is published by Carballido ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the morphological variability of hindlimb bones of titanosaur sauropods from the Lo Hueco Konzentrat-
Lagerstätte A Fossil-Lagerstätte (, from ''Lager'' 'storage, lair' '' Stätte'' 'place'; plural ''Lagerstätten'') is a sedimentary deposit that preserves an exceptionally high amount of palaeontological information. ''Konzentrat-Lagerstätten'' preserv ...
( Villalba de la Sierra Formation,
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
) is published by Páramo ''et al.'' (2022). *Theropod bite marks are reported on a sauropod rib from the Late Cretaceous Sāo Josè do Rio Preto Formation (
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
) by Reis, Ghilardi, and Fernandes (2022), who interpret these marks as most likely being produced by an
abelisaurid Abelisauridae (meaning "Abel's lizards") is a family (or clade) of ceratosaurian theropod dinosaurs. Abelisaurids thrived during the Cretaceous period, on the ancient southern supercontinent of Gondwana, and today their fossil remains are foun ...
. * Titanosaur tracks preserving claw impressions are reported from the
Anacleto Formation The Anacleto Formation is a geologic formation with outcrops in the Argentina, Argentine Patagonian provinces of Mendoza Province, Mendoza, Río Negro Province, Río Negro, and Neuquén Province, Neuquén. It is the youngest formation within the ...
(
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
) by Tomaselli ''et al.'' (2022), who devise a new classification for titanosaur tracks and name the new ichnotaxon '' Teratopodus malarguensis''. * The first titanosaur nesting site from the Late Cretaceous of
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
is reported from the
Maastrichtian The Maastrichtian ( ) is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) geologic timescale, the latest age (geology), age (uppermost stage (stratigraphy), stage) of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or Upper Cretaceous series (s ...
Serra da Galga Formation The Serra da Galga Formation is a geological formation in Minas Gerais state of southeastern Brazil. Its strata date back to the Maastrichtian, and are part of the Bauru Group. It was originally considered a member of the Marília Formation. Di ...
by Fiorelli ''et al.'' (2022). * Description of
titanosaur Titanosaurs (or titanosaurians; members of the group Titanosauria) were a diverse group of sauropod dinosaurs, including genera from all seven continents. The titanosaurs were the last surviving group of long-necked sauropods, with taxa still thr ...
fossil material from the
Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the more recent of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''cre ...
(
Campanian The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campa ...
-
Maastrichtian The Maastrichtian ( ) is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) geologic timescale, the latest age (geology), age (uppermost stage (stratigraphy), stage) of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or Upper Cretaceous series (s ...
) Mercedes Formation and
Asencio Formation The Asencio Formation is a geological formation in the Paraná Basin of southwestern Uruguay whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian). Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formati ...
(
Uruguay Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in South America. It shares borders with Argentina to its west and southwest and Brazil to its north and northeast, while bordering the Río de la Plata to the south and the A ...
) is published by Soto ''et al''. (2022). * Pathological multi-shelled egg is described from a titanosaur nest from the Upper Cretaceous
Lameta Formation The Lameta Formation, also known as the Infratrappean Beds (not to be confused with the contemporaneous Intertrappean Beds), is a sedimentary geological formation found in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh, Indi ...
(
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
) by Dhiman, Verma & Prasad (2022), who interpret this finding as possible evidence that titanosaurs had an oviductal functional morphology similar to birds. * Review of the fossil record of titanosaur sauropods from the Campanian and Maastrichtian of South America is published by Santucci & Filippi (2022). * Lourembam, Dhiman & Prasad (2022) report the preservation of a mineralized Membrana Testacea layer in titanosaur eggshells from a marlstone facies interbedded with the Deccan lava flows in
Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh (; ; ) is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and the largest city is Indore, Indore. Other major cities includes Gwalior, Jabalpur, and Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, Sagar. Madhya Pradesh is the List of states and union te ...
(
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
). * A juvenile specimen of '' Diamantinasaurus matildae'', providing information on the growth pattern of this sauropod, is described from the Upper Cretaceous
Winton Formation The Winton Formation is a Cretaceous Formation (geology), geological formation in central-western Queensland, Australia. It is late Albian to early Turonian in age. The formation blankets large areas of central-western Queensland. It consists of ...
(
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
) by Rigby ''et al.'' (2022). * Teeth of members of
Diamantinasauria Diamantinasauria is an extinct clade of somphospondylan titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs with close affinities to the Titanosauria, known from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) of South America and Australia. It was named by Poro ...
, different from teeth of derived titanosaurs and more closely resembling teeth of early branching members of the titanosauriform radiation, are described from the
Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the more recent of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''cre ...
Winton Formation The Winton Formation is a Cretaceous Formation (geology), geological formation in central-western Queensland, Australia. It is late Albian to early Turonian in age. The formation blankets large areas of central-western Queensland. It consists of ...
(
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
) by Poropat ''et al.'' (2022), who also study the distribution of sauropod tooth morphotypes before and after deposition of the Winton Formation, and argue that a substantial sauropod turnover took place during the Cretaceous, with diverse
Berriasian In the geological timescale, the Berriasian is an age/ stage of the Early/Lower Cretaceous. It is the oldest subdivision in the entire Cretaceous. It has been taken to span the time between 143.1 ±0.6 Ma and 137.05 ± 0.2 (million years ago) ...
faunas encompassing a range of tooth morphologies being replaced by faunas comprising solely titanosaurs with limited dental variability by the end-
Turonian The Turonian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy, ICS' geologic timescale, the second age (geology), age in the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch, or a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the Upper Cretaceous series (stratigraphy), ...
. * A mechanical analysis of ''
Savannasaurus ''Savannasaurus'' is a genus of titanosaurian sauropoda, sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Winton Formation of Queensland, Australia. It contains one species, ''Savannasaurus elliottorum'', named in 2016 by Stephen Poropat and colleagues ...
elliottorum'' is performed by Preuschoft (2022). * A review of sauropod fossil material from the
Kallamedu Formation The Kallamedu Formation is a Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) geologic formation located in the Ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu, India that forms part of the Ariyalur Group. It dates to the Maastrichtian of the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains an ...
, including bones of the giant enigmatic titanosaur ''
Bruhathkayosaurus ''Bruhathkayosaurus'' (; meaning "huge-bodied lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur found in the Kallamedu Formation of India. The fragmentary remains were originally described as a theropod, but it was later determined to be a titanosau ...
'', is published by Pal & Ayyasami (2022). * A reconstruction of the
articular cartilage Hyaline cartilage is the glass-like (hyaline) and translucent cartilage found on many joint surfaces. It is also most commonly found in the ribs, nose, larynx, and trachea. Hyaline cartilage is pearl-gray in color, with a firm consistency and has ...
of the left elbow joint of ''
Dreadnoughtus ''Dreadnoughtus'' is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur containing a single species, ''Dreadnoughtus schrani''. ''D. schrani'' is known from two partial skeletons discovered in Upper Cretaceous (Campanian to Maastrichtian; approximately ...
schrani'' is presented by Voegele ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the
taphonomy Taphonomy is the study of how organisms decay and become fossilized or preserved in the paleontological record. The term ''taphonomy'' (from Greek language, Greek , 'burial' and , 'law') was introduced to paleontology in 1940 by Soviet scientis ...
and molecular preservation of the
holotype A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ...
of ''Dreadnoughtus schrani'' is published by Schroeter ''et al.'' (2022). * Silva Junior ''et al.'' (2022) describe new fossil material of '' Baurutitan britoi'' from the Upper Cretaceous Serra da Galga Formation (
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
), and interpret '' Trigonosaurus pricei'' as a
junior synonym In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. ...
of ''B. britoi''. * A study on the anatomy of the appendicular skeleton and on the affinities of ''
Rinconsaurus ''Rinconsaurus'' is a genus of titanosaur sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous in what is now Argentina. The type species, ''Rinconsaurus caudamirus'', was described by Calvo and Riga in 2003, and is based on three partial skeletons. Desc ...
caudamirus'' is published by Pérez Moreno ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the microstructure of axial bones of '' Austroposeidon magnificus'', '' Gondwanatitan faustoi'' and '' Maxakalisaurus topai'', and on its implications for the knowledge of growth phases of these sauropods, is published by Brum ''et al.'' (2022). * Curved, pencil-like sauropod teeth from the Upper Cretaceous
Bostobe Formation The Bostobe Formation () is a geological formation in Qaraghandy & Qyzylorda, Kazakhastan whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous (Santonian to early Campanian stages, approximately 85 Ma). The sandstones and claystones of the formation ...
(
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...
) are referred to a representative of the clade Opisthocoelicaudiidae by Averianov & Lopatin (2022). * A study proposing a method to determine the
gait Gait is the pattern of Motion (physics), movement of the limb (anatomy), limbs of animals, including Gait (human), humans, during Animal locomotion, locomotion over a solid substrate. Most animals use a variety of gaits, selecting gait based on s ...
and limb phase of sauropods based on fossil tracksites is published by Lallensack & Falkingham (2022), who interpret their findings as suggestive of diagonal couplet walks, which would have allowed both sides of the body to be supported by the limbs at all times. * Revision of the fossil record of sauropodomorph eggs, nests and embryos from South America is published by Fernández, Vila & Moreno-Azanza (2022). * Keller & Or (2022) hypothesize that sauropods must have compacted the subsoil during their locomotion, presenting a paradox for productivity of the land that supported them.


Ornithischian research

* A study on the evolutionary relationships of ornithischian dinosaurs, based on a modified version of the dataset from the study of Müller & Garcia (2020), is published by
Norman Norman or Normans may refer to: Ethnic and cultural identity * The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 9th and 10th centuries ** People or things connected with the Norma ...
''et al.'' (2022), who recover silesaurids as an
evolutionary grade A grade is a taxon united by a level of morphological or physiological complexity. The term was coined by British biologist Julian Huxley, to contrast with clade, a strictly phylogenetic unit. Phylogenetics The concept of evolutionary grades ...
of early ornithischian dinosaurs, reintroduce the name Prionodontia for the least inclusive clade that includes ''Iguanodon bernissartensis'', ''Echinodon becklesii'' and ''Scelidosaurus harrisonii'', and name a new clade Parapredentata (the least inclusive clade that includes ''Silesaurus opolensis'' and ''Iguanodon bernissartensis''). * A study on the bone
histology Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissue (biology), tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at large ...
, life history and possible sociality of ''
Lesothosaurus ''Lesothosaurus'' is a Monotypic taxon, monospecific genus of ornithischian dinosaur that lived during the Early Jurassic in what is now South Africa and Lesotho. It was named by paleontologist Peter Galton in 1978, the name meaning "lizard from L ...
diagnosticus'' is published by Botha, Choiniere & Barrett (2022), who interpret their findings as indicating that this ornithischian lived in multigenerational herds. * A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the
neornithischia Neornithischia ("new ornithischians") is a clade of the dinosaur order Ornithischia. It is the sister group of the Thyreophora within the clade Genasauria. Neornithischians are united by having a thicker layer of asymmetrical enamel on the insi ...
n dinosaurs commonly referred to as "hypsilophodontids", aiming to determine causes of conflicting placements of these taxa in different phylogenetic analyses, is published by Brown ''et al.'' (2022). * New information on the anatomy of the
holotype A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ...
specimen of ''
Parksosaurus ''Parksosaurus'' (meaning "William Parks (paleontologist), William Parks's lizard") is a genus of neornithischian dinosaur from the Maastrichtian, early Maastrichtian-age Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, Canada. It is based ...
warreni'' is presented by Sues ''et al.'' (2022). * A study aiming to determine whether ornithischian megaherbivores from the upper
Oldman Formation The Oldman Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Late Cretaceous (Campanian stage) age that underlies much of southern Alberta, Canada. It consists primarily of sandstones that were deposited in fluvial channel and floodplain environments. It was ...
(
Alberta Alberta is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Canada. It is a part of Western Canada and is one of the three Canadian Prairies, prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to its west, Saskatchewan to its east, t ...
,
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
) partitioned their niches based on spatial patterns of occupation and resource-use, based on strontium, oxygen and carbon isotope data, is published by Cullen ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the dietary ecology of '' Hungarosaurus tormai'' and ''
Mochlodon ''Mochlodon'' is a genus of rhabdodontid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Austria and Hungary. It lived during the Late Cretaceous (85-80 Ma) and two species are known: ''M. suessi'' and ''M. vorosi''. Discovery and species In 1859 coal ...
vorosi'' is published by Ősi ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret their findings as indicative of dietary selectivity and niche partitioning, with ''Hungarosaurus'' eating softer vegetation and ''Mochlodon'' feeding on tougher material.


Thyreophoran research

* Schade ''et al.'' (2022) create digital models of the braincase of ''
Struthiosaurus ''Struthiosaurus'' (Latin ''struthio'' = ostrich + Greek ''sauros'' = lizard) is a genus of nodosaurid dinosaurs, from the Late Cretaceous period (Santonian-Maastrichtian) of Austria, Romania, France and Hungary in Europe.< ...
austriacus'', and evaluate the implication of its anatomy for the knowledge of the behavioral capacities of this dinosaur. * Partial skull of a member or a relative of the genus ''
Kunbarrasaurus ''Kunbarrasaurus'' (meaning "shield lizard") is an extinct genus of small ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Australia. The genus contains a Monotypic taxon, single species, ''K. ieversi''. Discovery In November 1989, at Marathon ...
'' is described from the
Albian The Albian is both an age (geology), age of the geologic timescale and a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early Cretaceous, Early/Lower Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch/s ...
Toolebuc Formation The Toolebuc Formation is a geological Formation (geology), formation that extends from Queensland across South Australia and the Northern Territory in Australia, whose strata date back to the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous. Dinosaurs,Weis ...
by Frauenfelder ''et al.'' (2022), representing the oldest ankylosaurian material from Queensland (
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
) reported to date. *A description of a partial thyreophoran
osteoderm Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates, or other structures based in the dermis. Osteoderms are found in many groups of extant and extinct reptiles and amphibians, including lizards, crocodilians, frogs, temnospondyls (extinct amph ...
from an
Early Jurassic The Early Jurassic Epoch (geology), Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic series (stratigraphy), Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the Triassic ...
Konservatlagerstätte near
Grimmen Grimmen (; ) is a town in Vorpommern-Rügen, a district in the States of Germany, Bundesland Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Prior to 2011, when district reforms were made in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, it was the capital of the now bygone Nordvorpom ...
,
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
is published by Schade & Ansorge (2022). * A study on pathological
osteoderm Osteoderms are bony deposits forming scales, plates, or other structures based in the dermis. Osteoderms are found in many groups of extant and extinct reptiles and amphibians, including lizards, crocodilians, frogs, temnospondyls (extinct amph ...
s localized to the flanks in the hip region of the holotype specimen of '' Zuul crurivastator'' is published by
Arbour Arbor(s) or Arbour(s) may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Arbor (installation), ''Arbor'' (installation), a 2013 public artwork in Indianapolis, Indiana, US * Arbor, a counterweight-carrying device found in theater fly system#Arbors, fly syste ...
, Zanno &
Evans Evans or Evan's may refer to: People * Evans (surname) * List of people with surname Evans * Evans Welch, Trinidad and Tobago politician Places United States * Evans Island, an island of Alaska * Evans, Colorado * Evans, Georgia * Evans County ...
(2022), who argue that ankylosaurid tail clubs were primarily used for combat between members of the same species. * A partial postcranial skeleton of ''
Pinacosaurus ''Pinacosaurus'' (meaning "Plank lizard") is a genus of ankylosaurid thyreophoran dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous (Campanian, roughly 75 to 71 million years ago), mainly in Mongolia and China. The first remains of the genu ...
'' from the
Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the more recent of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''cre ...
Wulansuhai Formation The Bayan Mandahu Formation (also known as Wulansuhai Formation or Wuliangsuhai Formation) is a geological unit of "redbeds" located near the village of Bayan Mandahu in Inner Mongolia, China, in the Gobi Desert. It dates from the late Cretaceous ...
(
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
) is described by Tan ''et al''. (2022).


Cerapod research

* A study on the anatomy and evolution of the brains of
ornithopod Ornithopoda () is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs, called ornithopods (). They represent one of the most successful groups of herbivorous dinosaurs during the Cretaceous. The most primitive members of the group were bipedal and relatively sm ...
dinosaurs is published by Lauters, Vercauteren & Godefroit (2022), who report evidence which might be indicative of
hadrosaurids Hadrosaurids (), also hadrosaurs or duck-billed dinosaurs, are members of the ornithischian family Hadrosauridae. This group is known as the duck-billed dinosaurs for the flat duck-bill appearance of the bones in their snouts. The ornithopod fami ...
having more developed cognitive abilities than previously assumed. * A study on the phylogenetic relationships of
iguanodontia Ornithopoda () is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs, called ornithopods (). They represent one of the most successful groups of herbivorous dinosaurs during the Cretaceous. The most primitive members of the group were bipedal and relatively sm ...
n ornithopods is published by Poole (2022), who names a new clade Rhabdodontoidea, defined as including all taxa more closely related to ''
Zalmoxes ''Zalmoxes'' is a genus of rhabdodontid ornithopod dinosaur from the Maastrichtian age of the Late Cretaceous in what is now Romania. The genus is known from specimens first named as the species '' Mochlodon robustum'' in 1899 by Franz Nopcsa ...
robustus'' and ''
Rhabdodon ''Rhabdodon'' (meaning "fluted tooth") is a genus of ornithopod dinosaur that lived in Europe approximately 70-66 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous. The genus contains a single species, ''R. priscus''. It is similar in build to a very rob ...
priscus'' than to ''
Dryosaurus ''Dryosaurus'' ( , meaning 'tree lizard', Greek ' () meaning 'tree, oak' and () meaning 'lizard', (the name reflects the forested habitat, not a vague oak-leaf shape of its cheek teeth as is sometimes assumed) is a genus of an ornithopod dinos ...
altus''. * A study on the bone histology and life history of an early member of
Rhabdodontomorpha Rhabdodontomorpha is a clade of basal iguanodont dinosaurs. This group was named in 2016 in the context of the description, based on Spanish findings of an early member of the Rhabdodontidae. A cladistic analysis was conducted in which it was f ...
from the upper
Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago) It is a ...
–lower
Aptian The Aptian is an age (geology), age in the geologic timescale or a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous, Early or Lower Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or series (stratigraphy), S ...
of the Vegagete site (
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
) is published by Dieudonné, Torcida Fernández-Baldor & Stein (2022), who interpret the largest Vegagete ornithopod individual as a late subadult, making it the smallest ornithopod ever recovered, and interpret their findings as indicating that, unlike Late Cretaceous rhabdodontids, the Vegagete ornithopod shifted from a quadrupedal stance to a bipedal one at a juvenile stage. * Description of postcranial material tentatively assigned to ''
Camptosaurus ''Camptosaurus'' ( ) is a genus of plant-eating, beaked ornithischian dinosaurs of the Late Jurassic Period (geology), period of western North America and possibly also Europe. The name means 'flexible lizard' (Ancient Greek, Greek (') meaning ...
'' sp. from the
Late Jurassic The Late Jurassic is the third Epoch (geology), epoch of the Jurassic Period, and it spans the geologic time scale, geologic time from 161.5 ± 1.0 to 143.1 ± 0.8 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic stratum, strata.Owen ...
Villar del Arzobispo Formation The Villar del Arzobispo Formation is a Late Jurassic to possibly Early Cretaceous geologic formation in eastern Spain. It is equivalent in age to the Lourinhã Formation of Portugal. It was originally thought to date from the Late Tithonian-Mid ...
(
Valencia Valencia ( , ), formally València (), is the capital of the Province of Valencia, province and Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Valencian Community, the same name in Spain. It is located on the banks of the Turia (r ...
,
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
) is published by Sánchez-Fenollosa et al. (2022) * Redescription of the
holotype A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ...
of ''
Draconyx ''Draconyx'' (meaning "dragon claw") is a genus of dinosaur from the Late Jurassic. It was an Ornithopoda, ornithopod which lived in what is now Portugal and was a herbivore. It was found in the Lourinhã Formation in 1991, and described by Oct ...
loureiroi'', including description of previously unreported material, and a study on the phylogenetic affinities of this taxon is published by Rotatori, Moreno-Azanza & Mateus (2022). * Fossil material of a medium-sized iguanodontid is described from the
Early Cretaceous The Early Cretaceous (geochronology, geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphy, chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 143.1 ...
(
Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago) It is a ...
) Blesa Formation (
Teruel Province Teruel ( Catalan: ''Terol'' ) is a province of Aragon, in the northeast of Spain. The capital is Teruel. It is bordered by the provinces of Tarragona, Castellón, Valencia (including its exclave Rincón de Ademuz), Cuenca, Guadalajara, and Z ...
,
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
) by Medrano-Aguado ''et al''. (2022), who interpret it as belonging to a potentially new iguanodontid taxon. * A new specimen of ''
Iguanodon ''Iguanodon'' ( ; meaning 'iguana-tooth'), named in 1825, is a genus of iguanodontian dinosaur. While many species found worldwide have been classified in the genus ''Iguanodon'', dating from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Taxonomy (bi ...
bernissartensis'' (a partial
axial skeleton The axial skeleton is the core part of the endoskeleton made of the bones of the head and trunk of vertebrates. In the human skeleton, it consists of 80 bones and is composed of the skull (28 bones, including the cranium, mandible and the midd ...
) is described from the
Early Cretaceous The Early Cretaceous (geochronology, geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphy, chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 143.1 ...
(Upper
Barremian The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 125.77 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma (Historically, this stage was placed at 129.4 million to approximately 125 million years ago) It is a ...
)
Arcillas de Morella Formation The Arcillas de Morella Formation is a geological formation in Spain whose strata date back to the Barremian stage of the Early Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.Weishampel, David B; et ...
(
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
) by Gasulla ''et al''. (2022) *Description of new fossils of large bodied styracosternans pertaining to two different taxa from the
Early Cretaceous The Early Cretaceous (geochronology, geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphy, chronostratigraphic name) is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 143.1 ...
El Castellar Formation The El Castellar Formation is a geological Formation (geology), formation in La Rioja and Teruel, Spain whose strata date back to the possibly the Valanginian to the Barremian stages of the Early Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils ...
(
Teruel Teruel () is a city in Aragon, located in eastern Spain, and is also the capital of Teruel (province), Teruel Province. It had a population of 35,900 as of 2022, making it the least populated provincial capital in Spain. It is noted for its har ...
,
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
) is published by García-Cobeña, Verdú, and Cobos (2022), who also describe the first dinosaur tracksite from this formation. * Fossil material of non-hadrosauriform styracosternans is described from the Lower Cretaceous
Khok Kruat Formation The Khok Kruat Formation () is a geological formation, rock formation found in northeastern Thailand. It is the uppermost formation of the Khorat Group. It is dated to the Aptian Geological stage, stage of the Early Cretaceous Geological period, ...
by Samathi & Suteethorn (2022), representing the first record of a juvenile iguanodontian co-occurring with an adult (possibly of the same taxon) from
Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...
. * Description of a nearly complete and articulated skeleton of a juvenile hadrosauroid from the Upper Cretaceous Bayan Shireh Formation (
Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...
), distinct from ''Gobihadros mongoliensis'' and likely representing a second, previously unknown hadrosauroid taxon from this formation, is published by Averianov, Lopatin & Tsogtbaatar (2022). * A clutch of subspherical dinosaur eggs, at least two of which contain identifiable hadrosauroid embryos with possible affinities with such taxa as ''Levnesovia transoxiana'', ''Nanningosaurus dashiensis'' or ''Tanius sinensis'', is described from the Upper Cretaceous
Hekou Formation The Hekou Formation is a Cretaceous geologic formation in China. Pterosaur fossils have been recovered from the formation. It is a unit of the Guifeng Group and dates to the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur fossils from the formation include a nearly ...
(China) by Xing ''et al.'' (2022). * Redescription of two putative Rhabdodontidae, rhabdodontid braincases from the Maastrichtian of the Haţeg Basin (
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
) is published by Augustin ''et al.'' (2022), who reinterpret these specimens as hadrosauroid braincases, likely belonging to members of the species ''Telmatosaurus transsylvanicus''. * Review of the taxonomic status, phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of hadrosauroids known from
Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...
is published by Ramírez-Velasco (2022). * A study on the Morphometrics, morphometric changes within the skull and dietary changes during growth of North American hadrosaurids is published by Wyenberg-Henzler, Patterson & Mallon (2022). * A study on the beak shapes and limb segment proportions of hadrosaurids is published by Takasaki & Kobayashi (2022), who interpret their findings as indicating that lambeosaurines preferred mass consumption of low-quality food and had energy-efficient locomotion, while hadrosaurines preferred selective consumption of high-quality food and had energy-inefficient locomotor ecology. * A study on the taphonomy and geochemical history of ''Brachylophosaurus canadensis'' specimen MOR 2598, attempting to determine the cause of protein preservation in the specimen's left
femur The femur (; : femurs or femora ), or thigh bone is the only long bone, bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee. In many quadrupeds, four-legged animals the femur is the upper bone of the hindleg. The Femo ...
, is published by Ullman, Ash, and Scannella (2022). * A pathological ulna of a specimen of ''Amurosaurus riabinini'', preserved with a hypertrophied and swollen distal region and with the distal articular surface engulfed within a large overgrowth of newly formed bone, is described from the
Maastrichtian The Maastrichtian ( ) is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) geologic timescale, the latest age (geology), age (uppermost stage (stratigraphy), stage) of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or Upper Cretaceous series (s ...
Udurchukan Formation (Amur Region,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
) by Bertozzo ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret the bone as still healing prior to the animal's death, with the misalignment of the fracture and the resulting malunion of the two fragments of the bone probably causing the animal to limp and walk on three limbs. * ''Sahaliyania elunchunorum'' is reinterpreted as a
junior synonym In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. ...
of ''Amurosaurus riabinini'' by Xing ''et al.'' (2022). * Takasaki ''et al.'' (2022) describe the first definitive specimens of ''Corythosaurus'' from the Judith River Formation (
Montana Montana ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, an ...
,
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
), extending known geographic range of this genus. * A study on the
taphonomy Taphonomy is the study of how organisms decay and become fossilized or preserved in the paleontological record. The term ''taphonomy'' (from Greek language, Greek , 'burial' and , 'law') was introduced to paleontology in 1940 by Soviet scientis ...
of a bonebed with fossils of members of the genus ''Gryposaurus'' from the lower unit of the
Campanian The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campa ...
Oldman Formation The Oldman Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Late Cretaceous (Campanian stage) age that underlies much of southern Alberta, Canada. It consists primarily of sandstones that were deposited in fluvial channel and floodplain environments. It was ...
(
Alberta Alberta is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Canada. It is a part of Western Canada and is one of the three Canadian Prairies, prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to its west, Saskatchewan to its east, t ...
,
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
), and on the bone microstructure of specimens from this bonebed, is published by Scott ''et al.'' (2022). * The two smallest-known specimens of ''Gryposaurus notabilis'' are described from the
Dinosaur Park Formation The Dinosaur Park Formation is the uppermost member of the Belly River Group (also known as the Judith River Group), a major geologic unit in southern Alberta. It was deposited during the Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous, between about 7 ...
(Alberta, Canada) by Mallon ''et al.'' (2022), who evaluate the implications of these specimens for the knowledge of the skeletal growth of ''G. notabilis'', and interpret them as indicating that the presence of secondary rides of the teeth in young hadrosaurines is Ontogeny, ontogenetically transitory and not necessarily of any taxonomic significance. * Description of the skin of a hadrosaurid specimen (probably belonging to the species ''Edmontosaurus annectens'') from the Maastrichtian Frenchman Formation (
Saskatchewan Saskatchewan is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province in Western Canada. It is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and to the south by the ...
,
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
), preserving unique corrugated scales that have not been observed in this species before, is published by Libke ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the monodominant ''Edmontosaurus annectens'' bonebed from the Ruth Mason Dinosaur Quarry (Hell Creek Formation; South Dakota, United States), and on its implications for the knowledge of hadrosaurid growth and population dynamics, is published by Wosik &
Evans Evans or Evan's may refer to: People * Evans (surname) * List of people with surname Evans * Evans Welch, Trinidad and Tobago politician Places United States * Evans Island, an island of Alaska * Evans, Colorado * Evans, Georgia * Evans County ...
(2022), who interpret their findings as indicating that ''E. annectens'' exhibited a similar growth trajectory to ''Maiasaura'', and providing support for the hypothesized segregation between juvenile and adult hadrosaurids. * Drumheller ''et al.'' (2022) describe soft tissue damage in the Dakota (fossil), NDGS 2000 (formerly MRF-03) specimen of ''Edmontosaurus'', consistent with injuries caused by predators or scavengers and interpreted as the first known examples of unhealed carnivore damage in dinosaurian soft tissue, and evaluate the implications of this finding for the knowledge of the fossilization pathway for soft tissues of this specimen. * A method which can be used to determine the percent vascularity in any given CT slice of the frontoparietal is presented by Nirody ''et al.'' (2022), who use this method to study changes of vascularity in the frontoparietal dome of ''Stegoceras validum'' during its ontogeny. * Moore ''et al.'' (2022) reconstruct the appendicular musculature of ''Stegoceras validum'', and report evidence of adaptations of muscles for strengthening or stabilizing the pelvis and hind limbs which might have been beneficial for head- or flank-butting behaviour. * A study on tooth replacement patterns in ''Yinlong downsi'', ''Hualianceratops wucaiwanensis'' and ''Chaoyangsaurus youngi'' is published by Hu ''et al.'' (2022). * The oldest umbilical scar reported to date, which is also the first umbilical scar reported to date in a non-avian dinosaur, is described in a specimen of ''
Psittacosaurus ''Psittacosaurus'' ( ; "parrot lizard") is a genus of extinct ceratopsian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of what is now Asia, existing between 125 and 105 million years ago. It is notable for being the most species-rich non-avian dinosaur ...
'' from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group (China) by Bell ''et al.'' (2022). * Description of the integument of the Frankfurt specimen of ''Psittacosaurus'' is published by Bell ''et al.'' (2022), who describe variations in the skin of the animal and discover the specimen's cloaca is crocodile-like in morphology. * A new articulated skeleton of ''Yamaceratops dorngobiensis'', representing the first substantially complete skeleton and the first known juvenile specimen of this taxon, is described from the Upper Cretaceous (?
Santonian The Santonian is an age in the geologic timescale or a chronostratigraphic stage. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 86.3 ± 0.7 mya ( million years ago) and 83.6 ± 0.7 m ...
-
Campanian The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campa ...
) Javkhlant Formation (
Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...
) by Son ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the bone
histology Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology that studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissue (biology), tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at large ...
of ''Koreaceratops hwaseongensis'' is published by Baag & Lee (2022). * Chen ''et al''. (2022) report two skulls of ''Protoceratops hellenikorhinus'' from the
Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the more recent of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''cre ...
Wulansuhai Formation The Bayan Mandahu Formation (also known as Wulansuhai Formation or Wuliangsuhai Formation) is a geological unit of "redbeds" located near the village of Bayan Mandahu in Inner Mongolia, China, in the Gobi Desert. It dates from the late Cretaceous ...
(Alxa Right Banner, Inner Mongolia, China), expanding the known geographic range of the species, and provide a revised diagnosis of ''P. hellenikorhinus''. * A study on the anatomy of the postcranial skeleton of ''Wendiceratops pinhornensis'', and on the
taphonomy Taphonomy is the study of how organisms decay and become fossilized or preserved in the paleontological record. The term ''taphonomy'' (from Greek language, Greek , 'burial' and , 'law') was introduced to paleontology in 1940 by Soviet scientis ...
of the monodominant bonebed containing fossil material of this ceratopsid from the Campanian
Oldman Formation The Oldman Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Late Cretaceous (Campanian stage) age that underlies much of southern Alberta, Canada. It consists primarily of sandstones that were deposited in fluvial channel and floodplain environments. It was ...
in Alberta, Canada (interpreted as oldest evidence of herding behavior in a ceratopsid documented to date), is published by Scott, Ryan &
Evans Evans or Evan's may refer to: People * Evans (surname) * List of people with surname Evans * Evans Welch, Trinidad and Tobago politician Places United States * Evans Island, an island of Alaska * Evans, Colorado * Evans, Georgia * Evans County ...
(2022). * A study on the pathologies within bones of ''Pachyrhinosaurus perotorum'' from the Prince Creek Formation (Alaska,
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
) is published by Anthony Fiorillo, Fiorillo & Tykoski (2022), who find the occurrence of pathologies in the studied assemblage to be low and comparable to occurrences of pathologies in other populations of ceratopsids from the lower latitudes, and interpret this finding as indicating that hardships imposed on ceratopsids in the Arctic environment were not greater than in other environments. * Mallon ''et al.''(2022) redescribe two ceratopsid frills from Canada attributed to ''Torosaurus'' (representing the northernmost records of this genus reported to date), and evaluate possible implications of these specimens for determination of the status of ''Torosaurus'' as a genus distinct from ''Triceratops''. * A study on the fenestra perforating the right squamosal of the ''Triceratops horridus'' specimen known as Big John (dinosaur), Big John is published by D'Anastasio ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret this fenestra as the result of a traumatic event, possibly a fight with another ''Triceratops''. * De Rooij ''et al.'' (2022) present oxygen and carbon isotopic records from a large ''Triceratops'' bonebed ("Darnell ''Triceratops'' Bonebed") from the Maastrichtian Lance Formation (
Wyoming Wyoming ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States, Western United States. It borders Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho t ...
,
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
), and interpret these records as indicating that individuals from the "Darnell ''Triceratops'' Bonebed" lived in a transitional area between more open marsh settings and inland forests, such as fluvial systems, and casting doubts on the extent and significance of putative niche partitioning between ceratopsids and hadrosaurids, at least in this part of the Lance Formation. * A study on the hadrosaurid and ceratopsid faunas of the Upper Cretaceous Prince Creek Formation, Cantwell Formation and Chignik Formation (Alaska,
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
), and on the possible impact of the climate on differences of relative abundances of hadrosaurids and ceratopsids from these formations, is published by Anthony Fiorillo, Fiorillo ''et al.'' (2022).


Birds


New bird taxa


Avian research

* Evidence indicating that the development of the pelvis of bird embryos parallels the evolution of the pelvis during the non-avian dinosaur-to-bird transition is presented by Griffin ''et al.'' (2022). * A study aiming to determine whether the flapping flight of birds evolved through the stage of wing-assisted incline running is published by Kuznetsov & Panyutina (2022); their conclusions are subsequently contested by Heers ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the skull anatomy of a well-preserved new specimen of ''Jeholornis'', and on the
morphometrics Morphometrics (from Greek μορΦή ''morphe'', "shape, form", and -μετρία ''metria'', "measurement") or morphometry refers to the quantitative analysis of ''form'', a concept that encompasses size and shape. Morphometric analyses are co ...
of the mandible and cranium of ''Jeholornis'' is published by Hu ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret their findings as indicating that ''Jeholornis'' consumed fruits, and raising the possibility of seed dispersal by early birds. * Description of the cranial osteology of ''Jeholornis prima'', providing evidence of sensory adaptation (including relatively large olfactory bulbs) and adaptation to diurnal habit, is published by Hu ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the skeletal
morphometrics Morphometrics (from Greek μορΦή ''morphe'', "shape, form", and -μετρία ''metria'', "measurement") or morphometry refers to the quantitative analysis of ''form'', a concept that encompasses size and shape. Morphometric analyses are co ...
of a sample of specimens of ''Confuciusornis sanctus'' is published by Marugán-Lobón & Luis M. Chiappe, Chiappe (2022), who interpret their findings as indicating that the polyphasic life cycle of ''C. sanctus'' was different from the life cycle of modern birds, and possibly indicative of change of food resources foraged by this bird during its ontogeny. * Evidence of calcium phosphate composition and the presence of Phosphatic fossilization, phosphatized corneocytes in a foot claw sheath of a specimen of ''Confuciusornis sanctus'' is presented by He ''et al.'' (2022). * Wang ''et al.'' (2022) reconstruct the pectoral girdles of ''Sapeornis'' and ''Piscivorenantiornis''. * Luis M. Chiappe, Chiappe ''et al.'' (2022) describe a partial braincase of a member of Enantiornithes from the Upper Cretaceous Adamantina Formation (
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
), and interpret its anatomy as indicating that some endocranial traits previously considered to be unique to members of Neornithes (an expanded, flexed brain, a ventral connection between the brain and spinal column, modified vestibular system) were also present in at least some members of Enantiornithes. * A study on the diet of members of the family Longipterygidae is published by Miller ''et al.'' (2022). * Wang ''et al.'' (2022) present a three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of ''Yuanchuavis kompsosoura'', providing evidence of the presence of a mixture of Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy, plesiomorphic temporal and palatal regions and derived facial anatomies. * A study on the morphology of the scutellate and interstitial scales of a specimen of ''Gansus yumenensis'' from the Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation (China) is published by Zhao ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret this finding as indicating that all four types of scales present in modern birds were already present in Early Cretaceous birds, and that avian scales are likely Homology (biology), homologous with scales of non-avian dinosaurs. * Review of the general anatomy, taxonomy, phylogeny, evolutionary trends and paleoecology of Hesperornithiformes, hesperornithiforms is published by Bell & Chiappe (2022). * New information on the anatomy of the postcranial skeleton of ''Ichthyornis'', based on data from 40 previously undescribed specimens, is presented by Benito ''et al.'' (2022). * Review of the Palaeognathae, palaeognath fossil record is published by Widrig & Field (2022). * A study on the
stratigraphic Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification). It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks. Stratigraphy has three related subfields: lithost ...
provenance of ''Psammornis'' eggshells (probably produced by giant ostriches), and on their implications for the knowledge of the evolutionary history of Struthionidae, struthionids, is published by Éric Buffetaut, Buffetaut (2022). * Demarchi ''et al.'' (2022) report the recovery of mineral-bound peptide sequences from an ostrich eggshell sample from the Miocene Liushu Formation (Linxia Basin, Gansu, China). * Revision of the type material of ''Struthio asiaticus'' is published by Buffetaut (2022), who interprets the type material as likely coming from the Siwaliks of present-day
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
, considers ''S. asiaticus'' to be about as tall as a living male African ostrich but probably more robustly built, as does not consider reports of ''S. asiaticus'' outside the Indian subcontinent to be based on convincing evidence. * Putative tibiotarsus and a second limb bone of ''Diogenornis'' from the Sarmiento Formation (Argentina) are reevaluated by Acosta Hospitaleche & Picasso (2022), who interpret the tibiotarsus as belonging to an indeterminate palaeognath and the second limb bone to as belonging to a penguin, indicating that the presence of ''Diogenornis'' outside of Brazil cannot be confirmed. * An overview and update of the Rhea (bird), rhea fossil record from South America and Antarctica is published by Picasso, Acosta Hospitaleche & Mosto (2022). * Partial tarsometatarsus of a neognath bird from the Eocene Na Duong Formation (Vietnam) is published by Massonne, Böhme & Mayr (2022). * A study on the taxonomic identity of the extinct giant bird that produced eggs known from eggshell fragments from Pleistocene sites in
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
, some of which bear signs of cooking during a narrow temporal window 50 ± 5 Year#SI prefix multipliers, ka Before Present, B.P., is published by Demarchi ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret their findings as supporting the attribution of the studied eggshells to ''Genyornis''. * A study on the histology of long bones and life history of ''Dromornis stirtoni'' is published by Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan, Chinsamy, Handley & Trevor Worthy, Worthy (2022). * A study on the relationships between the shape and size of extant Anseriformes, waterfowl Tarsometatarsus, tarsometatarsi and their locomotory habits, and on their implications for the knowledge of the locomotory habits of ''Cayaoa'' and ''Paranyroca'', is published by De Mendoza & Gómez (2022). * A study on the morphological variation of the postcranial skeletons of the Malagasy shelduck, and on its implications for the knowledge of the biology of this species, is published by Nomenjanahary ''et al.'' (2022). * Partial coracoid of a member of the genus ''Chloephaga'' is described from the Upper Pleistocene Toropí/Yupoí Formation at Arroyo Toropí (Corrientes Province,
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
) by Álvarez-Herrera ''et al.'' (2022), representing the northernmost record of the genus reported to date. * A study on the neuroanatomy of ''Sylviornis, Sylviornis neocaledoniae'' is published by Riamon ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret their findings as indicative of adaptation of this bird to crepuscular lifestyle. * Fossil material of a flamingo morphologically similar to the modern genera ''Phoenicopterus'' and ''Phoenicoparrus'' is reported from the Hemingfordian of Southern California (
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
) by McDonald & David Steadman, Steadman (2022), extending the chronological range of modern flamingos. * Fossil material of buttonquails is described from the latest Oligocene and late early to middle Miocene of
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
by De Pietri ''et al.'' (2022), bridging the large temporal gap in the fossil record of this group from the early Oligocene to the late Miocene. * Description of a partial
humerus The humerus (; : humeri) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius (bone), radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. The humeral upper extrem ...
belonging to an auk from the Pliocene Fukagawa Group (
Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
) is published by Aotsuka & Endo (2022). * A review of the evolutionary and biogeographic history of penguins is published by Pelegrín & Acosta Hospitaleche (2022). * A study on the comparative anatomy of the synsacrum, synsacral canal in extant and fossil penguins is published by Jadwiszczak, Svensson-Marcial & Mörs (2022). * Description of a new partial fossil sternum belonging to a member of Procellariidae from the Middle Pleistocene Ichijiku Formation (
Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
) is published by Aotsuka, Isaji & Endo (2022). * New fossil material of ''Leptoptilos robustus'' is described from Flores (Indonesia) by Meijer ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret their findings as indicating that ''L. robustus'' was almost certainly capable of active flight and that it was similar in overall size and morphology to ''Leptoptilos falconeri'', and potentially indicating that ''L. falconeri'', ''L. robustus'', ''Leptoptilos titan'' and ''Leptoptilos lüi'' represent either a single giant stork species or a group of very closely related species that stretched across Africa and Eurasia from the Pliocene until the Late Pleistocene. * A study on the evolutionary history of ''Coragyps occidentalis'', based on data from the genome of a 14,000-year-old specimen from the Casa del Diablo cave (Peru), is published by Ericson ''et al.'' (2022). * Description of a large condor from the Late Pleistocene Luján Formation (
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
) is published by Agnolín, Brissón Egli & Álvarez–Herrera (2022). * Studies on Stasis (biology), evolutionary stasis in red-tailed hawks, Swainson's hawks, ''Spizaetus grinnelli'', ''Neophrontops americanus'', northern harriers, ''Buteogallus fragilis'' and ferruginous hawks from the La Brea Tar Pits across the Last Glacial Maximum are published by Balassa, Prothero & Syverson (2022), Cleaveland, Prothero & Syverson (2022), DeAnda, Prothero & Marriott (2022), Olson ''et al.'' (2022). Marriott, Prothero & Watmore (2022), Santos, Prothero & Marriott (2022), and Watmore & Prothero (2022), respectively. * A nearly complete skeleton referred to the genus ''Buteo'' is described from the late Miocene of Roddi,
Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...
by Pavia ''et al.'' (2022). * A partial
humerus The humerus (; : humeri) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius (bone), radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. The humeral upper extrem ...
referred to ''Buteo spassovi'' is described by Boev (2022). * A new partial pedal
phalanx The phalanx (: phalanxes or phalanges) was a rectangular mass military formation, usually composed entirely of heavy infantry armed with spears, pikes, sarissas, or similar polearms tightly packed together. The term is particularly used t ...
of a large, recently extinct barn-owl is described from the Holocene of Guadeloupe by Gala, Laroulandie & Lenoble (2022). * An Atlas (anatomy), atlas of a great grey owl is described from the Pleistocene of the Devetashka Cave (Bulgaria) by Boev & Mikkola (2022). * A study on the comparative anatomy of the passerine carpometacarpus, with implications for assessing the phylogenetic affinities of fossil passerines, is published by Steell ''et al.'' (2022). * Revision of the fossil material of birds from Cooper's Cave, Cooper's D locality (South Africa) is published by Pavia ''et al.'' (2022). * Description of an assemblage of fossil birds from the Middle Pleistocene of Galería,
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
is published by Núñez-Lahuerta ''et al.'' (2022). * Description of the fossil material of birds from the Magdalenian of El Juyo,
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
is published by Rufà ''et al.'' (2022). * Description of the fossil material of birds from the Dieu and Maxa I Caves in Vietnam is published by Boev (2022). * A catalogue of fossil and subfossil birds from Cuba is published by Suárez (2022). * A study on the effect of past climate oscillations in the Western Palearctic and Africa on the distribution of the grey partridge, the common quail, the corn crake, the little owl, the snowy owl and the Alpine chough is published by Carrera, Pavia & Varela (2022). * A study on plant material from rock overhangs from mid-late Holocene sites along the Kawarau-Cromwell-Roxburgh Gorges in Central Otago (New Zealand), much of which was likely transported as roosting material or consumed by moa birds, and on its implications for the knowledge of moa diet and ecology (including the first known evidence of the consumption of Sophora microphylla, kōwhai by moa birds), is published by Pole (2022). * Evidence from ancient mitochondrial genomes indicative of increase in the population size and genetic diversity of eastern moa after the Last Glacial Maximum, as well as indicative of higher genetic diversity in eastern moa from the southern extent of their range, is presented by Verry, Mitchell & Rawlence (2022), who interpret their findings as indicating that eastern moa expanded from a single glacial Refugium (population biology), refugium following the Last Glacial Maximum. * A study on the bone histology of extant and extinct large terrestrial birds, aiming to determine whether bone microanatomy can be used to infer the locomotion mode of large terrestrial birds, is published by Canoville, Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan, Chinsamy & Angst (2022).


Pterosaurs


New pterosaur taxa


Pterosaur research

* Description of the skeletal anatomy of ''Dimorphodon macronyx'' is published by Sangster (2022). * A study comparing cranial and dental morphology of Anurognathidae, anurognathid pterosaurs and extant birds and bats is published by Clark & Hone (2022), who find anurognathids to occupy similar morphospaces as extant crepuscular and nocturnal insectivores. * A study reinterpreting the orbital, Antorbital fenestra, antorbital and narial fenestrae in the skulls of the Anurognathidae, anurognathid pterosaurs, based mainly on data from the skulls of specimens of ''Batrachognathus volans'', and aiming to determine the phylogenetic affinities of anurognathids is published by Dalla Vecchia (2022). * Two specimens of ''Kunpengopterus sinensis'' preserved with bromalites are described from the Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation (
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
) by Jiang ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret the bromalites as fossilized gastric pellets, and evaluate their implications for the knowledge of the diet and the digestive system of this pterosaur. * Augustin ''et al.'' (2022) describe a specimen of ''Pterodactylus antiquus'' from the Upper Jurassic (
Kimmeridgian In the geologic timescale, the Kimmeridgian is an age in the Late Jurassic Epoch and a stage in the Upper Jurassic Series. It spans the time between 154.8 ±0.8 Ma and 149.2 ±0.7 Ma (million years ago). The Kimmeridgian follows the Oxfordian ...
) Torleite Formation (
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
), representing the oldest record of this species reported to date. * A new ctenochasmatid assemblage from the Early Cretaceous Quebrada Monardes Formation (
Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and the closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes, Andes Mountains and the Paci ...
) is reported by Alarcón ''et al.'' (2022). * Redescription of the
holotype A holotype (Latin: ''holotypus'') is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of s ...
specimen of ''Moganopterus zhuiana'' is published by Gao ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the soft tissues and on the feasibility of the water launch in an Aurorazhdarchidae, aurorazhdarchid specimen from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen Lagoon is published by Pittman ''et al.'' (2022). * New fossil material of ''Bogolubovia orientalis'' is described from the
Campanian The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campa ...
Rybushka Formation (Penza Oblast,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
) by Averianov & Kurin (2022), who consider ''Bogolubovia'' to be a valid taxon that can be distinguished from the Pteranodontidae, pteranodontids ''Pteranodon'' and ''Volgadraco''. * A study aiming to determine the ability of a 5-m-wingspan ornithocheiran pterosaur (State Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe, SMNK PAL 1133, a specimen of ''Anhanguera (pterosaur), Anhanguera'' or ''Coloborhynchus'' from the Romualdo Formation in
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
) to assume the poses required to launch bipedally or quadrupedally is published by Griffin ''et al.'' (2022). * Duque, Pinheiro & Barreto (2022) describe an anterior fragment of a rostrum of ''Anhanguera'' that lacks a sagittal crest, and interpret the absence of a crest in the studied specimen as indicating that this structure varied in terms of ontogeny and/or sex in ''Anhanguera''. * Redescription and a study on the phylogenetic affinities of ''Ferrodraco lentoni'' is published by Pentland ''et al.'' (2022). * The first fossil material of Azhdarchoidea, azhdarchoid pterosaurs from the
Albian The Albian is both an age (geology), age of the geologic timescale and a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the stratigraphic column. It is the youngest or uppermost subdivision of the Early Cretaceous, Early/Lower Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch/s ...
Gault Formation (Kent, England, United Kingdom) is described by Smith & Martill (2022). * New skeleton of ''Sinopterus'', providing additional information of the postcranial morphology of this pterosaur, is described by Zhou, Niu & Yu (2022). * Description of a medium-sized wing skeleton of ''Sinopterus'' from the Jiufotang Formation, possibly representing a late juvenile ontogenetic stage, and a study on the histology and life history of this specimen is published by Zhou ''et al.'' (2022). * Cincotta ''et al.'' (2022) describe a specimen of ''Tupandactylus'' (belonging or related to the species ''T. imperator'') from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation (
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
) associated with skin, monofilaments and branched integumentary structures preserving melanosomes that show tissue-specific geometries (a feature previously known only from theropod dinosaurs), and interpret this finding as indicating that branched integumentary structures in pterosaurs are feathers, as well as providing evidence of deep evolutionary origins of tissue-specific partitioning of melanosome geometry. * A new specimen of ''Caiuajara, Caiuajara dobruskii'', representing the most complete skull of a member of this species known so far and providing new information on the cranial anatomy of this pterosaur, is described by Canejo ''et al.'' (2022). * New pterosaur footprint assemblage is described from the
Cenomanian The Cenomanian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or the lowest stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Cretace ...
Jangdong Formation (
South Korea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone, with the Yellow Sea to the west and t ...
) by Jung ''et al.'' (2022), who interpret the studied footprints as possibly produced by small Dsungaripteroidea, dsungaripteroids, and possibly indicative of gregarious behavior by individuals from different age groups. * A fragment of the wing metacarpal of a member or a relative of the genus ''Lonchognathosaurus'' is described from the Lower Cretaceous
Ilek Formation The Ilek Formation is a Lower Cretaceous geologic Formation (geology), formation in Western Siberia. Many different fossils have been recovered from the formation. It overlies the Late Jurassic Tyazhin Formation and underlies the Albian Kiya Form ...
at the Novochernorechensk locality (Krasnoyarsk Territory,
Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
) by Averianov ''et al.'' (2022), representing the first pterosaur postcranial bone from this formation and the first record of a Dsungaripteridae, dsungaripterid from Russia reported to date. * Cervical vertebra of a large pterosaur is described from the
Campanian The Campanian is the fifth of six ages of the Late Cretaceous epoch on the geologic timescale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). In chronostratigraphy, it is the fifth of six stages in the Upper Cretaceous Series. Campa ...
coastal marine deposits of Izhberda Quarry near the town of Orsk (
Orenburg Oblast Orenburg Oblast (also Orenburzhye) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), mainly located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Orenburg. From 1938 to 1957, it bore the name Chkalov Oblast in honor of Valery Chkal ...
, Russia) by Averianov, Zverkov & Nikiforov (2022), who interpret this finding as the first record of a giant Azhdarchidae, azhdarchid on the territory of Russia reported to date. * Díaz-Martínez ''et al.'' (2022) describe four pterosaur Manus (anatomy), manus tracks from the Upper Cretaceous
Anacleto Formation The Anacleto Formation is a geologic formation with outcrops in the Argentina, Argentine Patagonian provinces of Mendoza Province, Mendoza, Río Negro Province, Río Negro, and Neuquén Province, Neuquén. It is the youngest formation within the ...
(
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
, representing the first occurrence of pterosaurs from the lower–middle Campanian of Argentina and expanding the knowledge of the worldwide pterosaur ichnological Upper Cretaceous record.


Other archosaurs


Other new archosaur taxa


Other archosaur research

* A study on the morphospace occupation of distinct skeletal regions of Lagerpetidae, lagerpetids, aiming to determine which portions of the lagerpetid skeleton are more similar to the anatomy of pterosaurs, is published by Müller (2022). * ''Faxinalipterus minimus'', originally classified as an early pterosaur, is reinterpreted as a lagerpetid by Kellner ''et al.'' (2022). * Foffa ''et al.'' (2022) present new whole-skeletal reconstruction and a revised diagnosis of ''Scleromochlus taylori'', confirming that it was a member of Pterosauromorpha. * A
femur The femur (; : femurs or femora ), or thigh bone is the only long bone, bone in the thigh — the region of the lower limb between the hip and the knee. In many quadrupeds, four-legged animals the femur is the upper bone of the hindleg. The Femo ...
of an indeterminate Dinosauromorpha, dinosauromorph is described from the Middle Triassic ''Dinodontosaurus'' Assemblage Zone (Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence,
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
) by Müller & Garcia (2022), potentially representing the oldest dinosauromorph from South America reported to date.


General research

* Gatesy ''et al.'' (2022) propose a standard methodological approach for measuring the relative position and orientation of the major segments of the pelvis and hindlimb of extant and fossil archosaurs in three dimensions. * A study on the locomotion of extant and extinct archosaurs, reevaluating postulated superiority of early dinosaurs in locomotor function and performance compared with other archosaurs, is published by Cuff ''et al.'' (2022). * A study on the evolution of the orbit shape in Mesozoic archosauromorphs is published by Lautenschlager (2022). * Sakamoto (2022) presents modelling framework that allows the prediction of jaw muscle parameters and bite force in extinct archosaurs from skull width and phylogeny. * A study aiming to determine how well attachment areas of hindlimb muscles of archosaurs matches each muscle's physiological cross-sectional area, based on data from extant archosaurs (primarily Nile crocodiles and elegant crested tinamous), is published by Cuff ''et al.'' (2022), who use their findings to reconstruct physiological cross-sectional areas of the hindlimb muscles of ''
Coelophysis ''Coelophysis'' ( Traditional English pronunciation of Latin, traditionally; or , as heard more commonly in recent decades) is a genus of coelophysid Theropoda, theropod dinosaur that lived Approximation, approximately 215 to 201.4 million y ...
bauri''. * A study on the evolutionary history of morphogenesis of the Femur, femoral head from early archosaurs to Crown group, crown birds, based on data from fossil record and from embryos of extant animals, is published by Egawa ''et al.'' (2022). * Evidence from molecular analyses of modern and fossil skeletal samples, interpreted as indicating that metabolic rates consistent with endothermy are ancestral to
ornithodira Avemetatarsalia (meaning "bird metatarsals") is a clade of diapsid reptiles containing all archosaurs more closely related to birds than to crocodilians. The two most successful groups of avemetatarsalians were the dinosaurs and pterosaurs. Di ...
ns, is presented by Wiemann ''et al.'' (2022); their conclusions are subsequently challenged by Motani ''et al.'' (2023), who argue that inference of endothermy based on ALE biomarkers and ancestral state reconstruction is poorly supported by the current evidence, criticism that has been addressed by the authors. * A study on the diversification and body size evolution of terrestrial pan-avian archosaurs along the Triassic and Early Jurassic is published by Langer & Godoy (2022) * A study on the proportions of the feet of bipedal and potentially bipedal archosaurs (including dinosaurs), and on their implications for the identification of trackmakers of putative Late Triassic–Early Jurassic dinosaur footprints, is published by Farlow ''et al.'' (2022), who argue that the majority of well-preserved ''Eubrontes'' footprints was more likely to be produced by theropods than sauropodomorphs, but find it difficult to determine the most likely makers of ''Otozoum''. * A study on the potential soaring performances of extinct giant birds and pterosaurs is published by Goto ''et al.'' (2022). * Pittman ''et al.'' (2022) document the preserved soft-tissue profiles of the shoulder and chest of ''Microraptor'', ''Anchiornis'', ''Archaeopteryx'', ''Confuciusornis'' and ''Sapeornis'', and evaluate their implications for the knowledge of early flight development in theropods. * Pittman ''et al.'' (2022) attempt to infer the ecology of early flyers ''Ambopteryx'', ''Microraptor'', ''Anchiornis'', ''Archaeopteryx'', ''Confuciusornis'', ''Fortunguavis'', ''Sapeornis'' and ''Yanornis'' from the anatomy of their feet. * A study on the diversity of avian and non-avian theropod tracks from the
Aptian The Aptian is an age (geology), age in the geologic timescale or a stage (stratigraphy), stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous, Early or Lower Cretaceous epoch (geology), Epoch or series (stratigraphy), S ...
Ninesting Creek site (Gething Formation, British Columbia,
Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
) is published by Lockley ''et al.'' (2022), who report evidence indicating that the diversity of smaller avian and non-avian theropod tracks outnumbers large theropod morphotypes by about 7:1. *Description of archosaur eggshells from the
Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the more recent of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''cre ...
El Gallo Formation (
Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...
) and a study on the use of the eggshells to infer the environment of the area is published by Cabrera-Hernández ''et al.'' (2022).


References

{{reflist Archosaurs 2022 in paleontology