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El Castellar Formation
The El Castellar Formation is a geological Formation (geology), formation in La Rioja and Teruel, Spain whose strata date back to the possibly the Valanginian to the Barremian stages of the Early Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Early Cretaceous, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 556-563. . Vertebrate paleofauna Ornithopod tracks and dinosaur eggs are known from the formation. Amphibians Dinosaurs Turtles Mammals Correlation See also * List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations References Bibliography * {{citation , last1=Weishampel , first1=David B. , author2-link=Peter Dodson , last2=Dodson , first2=Peter , author3-link=Halszka Osmólska , last3=Osmólska , first3=Halszka , year=2004 , title=The Dinosauria, 2nd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geological Formation
A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics (lithology) that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exposed in a geographical region (the stratigraphic column). It is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy, the study of strata or rock layers. A formation must be large enough that it can be mapped at the surface or traced in the subsurface. Formations are otherwise not defined by the thickness (geology), thickness of their rock strata, which can vary widely. They are usually, but not universally, tabular in form. They may consist of a single lithology (rock type), or of alternating beds of two or more lithologies, or even a heterogeneous mixture of lithologies, so long as this distinguishes them from adjacent bodies of rock. The concept of a geologic formation goes back to the beginnings of modern scientific geology. The term was used by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caudata
The Caudata are a group of amphibians containing the extant salamanders (the order Urodela) and all extinct species of amphibians more closely related to salamanders than to frogs. They are typically characterized by a superficially lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults. Disagreement exists between different authorities as to the definition of the terms "Caudata" and "Urodela". Some maintain that Urodela should be restricted to the crown group, with Caudata being used for the total group. Others restrict the name Caudata to the crown group and use Urodela for the total group. The former approach seems to be most widely adopted and is used in this article. Evolution The origins and evolutionary relationships between the three main groups of amphibians ( apodans, urodeles and anurans) is a matter of debate. A 2005 molecular phylogeny, based on rDNA a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spalacotheriidae
Spalacotheriidae is a family of extinct mammals belonging to the paraphyletic group ' Symmetrodonta'. They lasted from the Early Cretaceous to the Campanian in North America, Europe, Asia and North Africa. Spalacotheriids are characterised by having molar teeth with three molar cusps sitting at acute angles to one another.Martin, T., 2018. 6. Mesozoic mammals—early mammalian diversity and ecomorphological adaptations. In Mammalian evolution, diversity and systematics (pp. 199-300). De Gruyter. The shape of their teeth as well as their long lower jaw indicate a carnivorous/insectivorous diet. A sub-group of Spalacotheriidae, the spalacolestines, lack a Meckelian groove in the jaw, indicating that they had a modern ear anatomy. Genera * '' Akidolestes'' * '' Infernolestes'' * '' Spalacotherium'' * ''Symmetrolestes ''Symmetrolestes'' is an extinct genus of small spalacotheriid mammal from the Early Cretaceous period of Japan. The genus contains one species known as ''S. parv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spalacotherium
''Spalacotherium'' is a genus of extinct mammal from the Early Cretaceous of Europe. The type species ''Spalacotherium tricuspidens'' was originally named by Richard Owen in 1854, and its material includes maxillary and dentary fragments and many teeth from the Berriasian Lulworth Formation of southern England. Referred species include ''S. taylori'', ''S. evansae'' and ''S. hookeri'' also from the Lulworth deposits, and ''S. henkeli'' from Barremian deposits of Galve, Spain. The Lulworth taxon ''Peralestes longirostris'', named by Owen in 1871, is a junior synonym of the type species ''S. tricuspidens''. ''Spalacotherium'' is the namesake taxon of the family Spalacotheriidae, which is an extinct clade within Trechnotheria that may be closely related to the Gondwana Gondwana ( ; ) was a large landmass, sometimes referred to as a supercontinent. The remnants of Gondwana make up around two-thirds of today's continental area, including South America, Africa, Antarctica, Aust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multituberculata
Multituberculata (commonly known as multituberculates, named for the multiple tubercles of their teeth) is an extinct Order (biology), order of rodent-like mammals with a fossil record spanning over 130 million years. They first appeared in the Middle Jurassic, and reached a peak diversity during the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene. They eventually declined from the mid-Paleocene onwards, disappearing from the known fossil record in the late Eocene. They are the most diverse order of Mesozoic mammals with more than 200 species known, ranging from mouse-sized to beaver-sized. These species occupied a diversity of ecological niches, ranging from burrow-dwelling to squirrel-like arborealism to jerboa-like hoppers. Multituberculates are usually placed as Crown group, crown mammals outside either of the two main groups of living mammals, Theria — placentals and marsupials — and Monotremata,Agustí-Antón 2002, pp 3-4 but usually as closer to Theria than to monotremes. They are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iberica (mammal)
''Iberica'' is an extinct genus of eobaatarid or a possible plagiaulacid multituberculate which existed in what is now Galve, Spain, during the early Cretaceous (late Hauterivian-early Barremian age). It was first named by Ainara Badiola, José Ignacio Canudo and Gloria Cuenca-Bescós in 2011 The year marked the start of a Arab Spring, series of protests and revolutions throughout the Arab world advocating for democracy, reform, and economic recovery, later leading to the depositions of world leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, and Yemen ... and the type species is ''Iberica hahni''. References Cretaceous mammals Multituberculata Fossil taxa described in 2011 Prehistoric mammals of Europe Prehistoric mammal genera {{cretaceous-mammal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dryolestida
Dryolestida is an extinct order of mammals, known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous. They are considered basal members of the clade Cladotheria, close to the ancestry of therian mammals. It is also believed that they developed a fully mammalian jaw and also had the three middle ear bones. Most members of the group, as with most Mesozoic mammals, are only known from fragmentary tooth and jaw remains. The group contains Dryolestidae and the possibly paraphyletic Paurodontidae, and some other unplaced genera, which were small insectivores, known from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Laurasia, primarily Europe and North America, with a single record from Asia. During the Late Jurassic in North America and from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous in Europe, they were among the most diverse mammal groups. They have sometimes been placed as part of a broader group, the "Dryolestoidea", which typically includes Dryolestida and Meridiolestida, a diverse group of mammals in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crusafontia
''Crusafontia'' is an extinct genus of mammal from the Cretaceous Camarillas, El Castellar and La Huérguina Formations of Spain. The name of the animal was given in honour of the Spanish paleontologist Miquel Crusafont Pairó. ''Crusafontia'' is estimated to have been around long, though only two teeth A tooth (: teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food. Some animals, particularly carnivores and omnivores, also use teeth to help with capturing or wounding prey, tear ... (an upper molar right P5) and a mandible have ever been found. In one study on Mesozoic mammal mandibles, it plots with carnivorous rather than insectivorous or herbivorous species. In 2011 a second species of ''Crusafontia'' was named, ''C. amoae'', based on two upper molar teeth from Galve. However, this was synonymised with the original species in 2021.Martin, T., Averianov, A.O., Schultz, J.A., Schwermann, A.H. and Wings, O. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammal
A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the Class (biology), class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles, middle ear bones. These characteristics distinguish them from reptiles and birds, from which their ancestors Genetic divergence, diverged in the Carboniferous Period over 300 million years ago. Around 6,640 Neontology#Extant taxon, extant species of mammals have been described and divided into 27 Order (biology), orders. The study of mammals is called mammalogy. The largest orders of mammals, by number of species, are the rodents, bats, and eulipotyphlans (including hedgehogs, Mole (animal), moles and shrews). The next three are the primates (including humans, monkeys and lemurs), the Artiodactyl, even-toed ungulates (including pigs, camels, and whales), and the Carnivora (including Felidae, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dortokidae
Dortokidae is an extinct family of freshwater pan- pleurodiran turtles, known from the Cretaceous and Paleocene of Europe. Only four species have been named, but indeterminate fossils show that they were abundant across western and eastern-central Europe during the Cretaceous. The family is only known from postcranial remains. Genera * '' Eodortoka'' Pérez-García, Gasulla, and Ortega 2014 Wessex Formation, United Kingdom Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian-Barremian)'''' Arcillas de Morella Formation, Spain, Early Cretaceous (Aptian) * ''Dortoka'' Lapparent de Broin and Murelaga, 1999 Laño site, Spain, (probably also present in southern France) Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) Sînpetru Formation, Romania, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) * ''Ronella'' Lapparent de Broin in Gheerbrant et al. 1999 Jibou Formation, Romania Paleocene The Paleocene ( ), or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mantellisaurus
''Mantellisaurus'' is a genus of iguanodontian dinosaur that lived in the Barremian and early Aptian ages of the Early Cretaceous Period of Europe. Its remains are known from Belgium (Bernissart), England, Spain and Germany. The type species, type and only species is ''M. atherfieldensis''. Formerly known as ''Iguanodon atherfieldensis'', the new genus ''Mantellisaurus'' was erected for the species by Gregory Paul in 2007. According to Paul, ''Mantellisaurus'' was more lightly built than ''Iguanodon'' and more closely related to ''Ouranosaurus'', making ''Iguanodon'' in its traditional sense paraphyletic. It is known from many complete and almost complete skeletons. The genus name honours Gideon Mantell, the discoverer of ''Iguanodon''. History of discovery Discovery and naming of the holotype The holotype fossil, NHMUK PV R5764, was originally discovered by Reginald Walter Hooley in 1914 in the upper Vectis Formation of southern England and reported upon in 1917. He posthumou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paronychodon
''Paronychodon'' (meaning "beside claw tooth") was a theropod dinosaur genus. It is a tooth taxon, often considered dubious because of the fragmentary nature of the fossils, which include "buckets" of teeth from many disparate times and places but no other remains, and should be considered a form taxon. The type species, named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1876,Cope, E.D., 1876, "Descriptions of some vertebrate remains from the Fort Union Beds of Montana", ''Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia'', 28: 248-261 is ''Paronychodon lacustris'', from the Judith River Formation of Montana, dating to 75 million years ago, during the Campanian stage. The holotype is specimen AMNH 3018. It is a tooth about one centimetre long, elongated, recurved, lacking serrations, possessing low vertical ridges and with a D-shaped cross-section, the inner side being flattened. Cope at first thought the tooth belonged to a plesiosaur, but in the same year realised it represented a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
