|
Trochulus
''Trochulus'' is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily subfamily Trochulininae of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. Taxonomy ''Trichia'' Hartmann, 1840 is a junior synonym of ''Trochulus'' Chemnitz, 1786. Nearly every malacological work prior to 2006 used the name ''Trichia'' instead of the (now considered valid) name ''Trochulus''. The genus ''Plicuteria'' Schileyko, 1978 has been once recognized as a subgenus within ''Trochulus'' by Schileyko (1978). Based on molecular analyses, ''Trochulus lubomirski'' does not belong to the genus ''Trochulus''. ''Trochulus lubomirski'' (Ślósarski, 1881) is now recognized as ''Plicuteria lubomirski'' (Ślósarski, 1881). Species The speciation centre for the genus ''Trochulus'' is in the Alps. The type species of this genus is ''Trochulus hispidus''. Species within the genus ''Trochulus'' include: * ''Trochulus alpicola'' (Eder, 1921) * '' T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trochulus Hispidus
''Trochulus hispidus'', previously known as ''Trichia hispida'', common name, the "hairy snail", is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. Distribution This species occurs in a number of European countries and islands including: Western Europe: * The British Isles: Great Britain and Ireland * Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg * Faroe Islands * France * Switzerland, Liechtenstein Northern Europe: * Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland Central Europe: * Austria, Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania Southern Europe: * Andorra, Spain, Italy, Bulgaria Eastern Europe: * Moldova * Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania * UkraineBalashov I. & Gural-Sverlova N. 2012. An annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs of Ukraine. ''Journal of Conchology''. 41 (1): 91-109. * Russian Federation (Kaliningrad) Description The 3-6 x 5-11 mm shell has 5-6 moderat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plicuteria Lubomirski
''Plicuteria lubomirski'' is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies. Taxonomy The spelling of the name is currently disputed. In the original source the name was spelled ''Helix'' (''Fruticicola'') ''Lubomirski'', to be corrected to ''lubomirski'' under the ICZN Code. Later many authors spelled the name ''lubomirskii'', but some other authors used the spelling ''lubomirski''. The 4th edition of the Code (effective since 2000) gives no clear ruling (previous editions of the Code had a clear ruling that ''lubomirski'' was the correct form), so this case will remain disputed. Schileyko (1978)Schileyko A. A. (February 1978) "On the systematics of ''Trichia'' s. lat. (Pulmonata: Helicoidea: Hygromiidae)". '' Malacologia''171)156. placed this species in the subgenus ''Plicuteria'' Schileyko, 1978. However, based on molecular analyses, this species may not actually belong in the gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trochulus Villosus
''Trochulus villosus'' is a species of small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae Hygromiidae is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea. Helicellidae Ihering, 1909 Anatomy Some snails in genera within this family create ..., the hairy snails and their allies. Distribution This species occurs in Germany. References External links * http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/species?id=2678 * http://www.mollbase.org/list/index.php?aktion=zeige_taxon&id=871 Hygromiidae Gastropods described in 1805 {{Hygromiidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hygromiidae
Hygromiidae is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea. Helicellidae Ihering, 1909 Anatomy Some snails in genera within this family create and use love darts as part of their courtship and mating behavior. In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs'. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142. Taxonomy The family Hygromiidae consists of the following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005): * subfamily Hygromiinae Tryon, 1866 ** tribe Hygromiini Tryon, 1866 - synonym: Cernuellini Schileyko, 1991 ** tribe Perforatellini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 * subfamily Leptaxinae C.R. Boettger, 1909 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stylommatophora
Stylommatophora is an orderPhilippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel, Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families'. Malacologia, 61(1-2): 1-526. of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon includes most land snails and slugs. The two strong synapomorphies of Stylommatophora are a long pedal gland placed beneath a membrane and two pairs of retractile tentacles (Dayrat & Tillier). Several families in this group contain species of snails and slugs that create love darts. Stylommatophora are known from the Cretaceous period up to the present day. Pek I., Vašíček Z., Roček Z., Hajn. V. & Mikuláš R. (1996). ''Základy zoopaleontologie''. Olomouc, 264 pp., . 2005 taxonomy According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) based on evo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, and land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Daniel Wilhelm Hartmann
Johann Daniel Wilhelm Hartmann (12 January 1793 – 18 April 1862) was a Swiss painter, engraver and malacologist. Biography He was born in St. Gallen, the son of Georg Leonhard Hartmann (1764-1828), who was also a painter. After training in fine arts with his father in Zurich, Munich and Bern, he worked in St. Gallen from 1826 as a naturalist and miniature painter, heraldist and genealogist. Taxa described by Hartmann include ''Discus ruderatus'', ''Ampullaceana ampla'', ''Trochulus clandestinus'', '' Bythiospeum acicula'', ''Papillifera'' and others. Works *Hartmann, J. D. W. 1821. ''System der Erd- und Süsswasser-Gasteropoden Europa's: in besonderer Hinsicht auf diejenigen Gattungen, welche in Deutschland und der Schweitz angetroffen werden''. Nürnberg, Jacob Sturm, 1821 *Hartmann, J. D. W. 1844. ''Erd- und Süsswasser-Gasteropoden der Schweiz. Mit Zugabe einiger merkwürdigen exotischen Arten''. I. Band. - pp. i-xx 1-20 1–227, Tab. I-XII 1-12 I-XII ic, = 13-24 25– ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. There are many thousands of species of sea snails and slugs, as well as freshwater snails, freshwater limpets, and land snails and slugs. The class Gastropoda contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extant with or without a fossil record. Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eupulmonata
Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions. Linnean taxonomy *Suborder Eupulmonata Haszprunar & Huber, 1990 **Infraorder Acteophila Dall, 1885 (= formerly Archaeopulmonata) ***Superfamily Melampoidea Stimpson, 1851 **Infraorder Trimusculiformes Minichev & Starobogatov, 1975 ***Superfamily Trimusculoidea Zilch, 1959 **Infraorder Stylommatophora A. Schmidt, 1856 (land snails) ***Subinfraorder Orthurethra ****Superfamily Achatinelloidea Gulick, 1873 ****Superfamily Cochlicopoidea Pilsbry, 1900 ****Superfamily Partuloidea Pilsbry, 1900 ****Superfamily Pupilloidea Turton, 1831 ***Subinfraorder Sigmurethra ****Superfamily Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895 ****Superfamily Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840 ****Superfamily Aillyoidea Baker, 1960 ****Superfamily Arionoidea J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840 ****Superfamily Buliminoidea Clessin, 1879 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterobranchia
Heterobranchia, the ''heterobranchs'' (meaning "different-gilled snails"), is a taxonomic clade of snails and slugs, which includes marine, aquatic and terrestrial gastropod mollusks. Heterobranchia is one of the main clades of gastropods. Currently Heterobranchia comprises three informal groups: the lower heterobranchs, the opisthobranchs and the pulmonates.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.); Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdes A. & Warén A. 2005. ''Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families''. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology, 47(1-2). ConchBooks: Hackenheim, Germany. . . 397 pp. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278 Diversity The three subdivisions of this large clade are quite diverse: * The Lower Heterobranchia includes shelled marine and freshwater species. * Opisthobranchia are almost all marine species, some shelled and some not. The internal organs of the opisthobranchs have undergone detorsion (unwinding of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution within lineages. Charles Darwin was the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation in his 1859 book ''On the Origin of Species''. He also identified sexual selection as a likely mechanism, but found it problematic. There are four geographic modes of speciation in nature, based on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from one another: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric. Speciation may also be induced artificially, through animal husbandry, agriculture, or laboratory experiments. Whether genetic drift is a minor or major contributor to speciation is the subject of much ongoing discussion. Rapid sympatric speciation can take place through polyploidy, such as by doubling of chromosome numb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Speciation")