Eupulmonata is a taxonomic

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

of air-breathing

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusc Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...

s. The great majority of this group are

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have gastropod shell, shel ...

s and

slugs Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word ''slug'' is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a sma ...

, but some are intertidal or inhabit coastal saltmarshes and

mangrove A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows mainly in coastal saline water, saline or brackish water. Mangroves grow in an equatorial climate, typically along coastlines and tidal rivers. They have particular adaptations to take in extra oxygen a ...

s. Possible

synapomorphy In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel Phenotypic trait, character or character state that has evolution, evolved from its ancestral form (or Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy, plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy sh ...

of the group are globineurons (small cells) in the procerebrum.

Eye An eye is a sensory organ that allows an organism to perceive visual information. It detects light and converts it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons (neurones). It is part of an organism's visual system. In higher organisms, the ey ...

s positioned on the tips of the

tentacle In zoology, a tentacle is a flexible, mobile, and elongated organ present in some species of animals, most of them invertebrates. In animal anatomy, tentacles usually occur in one or more pairs. Anatomically, the tentacles of animals work main ...

s were considered a synapomorphy of a clade named Geophila (Stylommatophora + Systellommatophora), but a 1972 phylogenomic study found strong support for a clade uniting Ellobioidea (eyes at the base of tentacles) and Systelommatopohra (eyes on the tentacle tips). Stalked eyes thus likely evolved twice independently.

Taxonomy

Source: *Order Ellobiida **Superfamily

Ellobioidea Ellobiidae, common name the hollow-shelled snails, is a family (biology), family of small air-breathing Land snail, land, Sea snail, marine, and brackish snails; pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata.Bouchet, P. (2012). Ellobiida ...

L. Pfeiffer, 1854 *** Ellobiidae L. Pfeiffer, 1854 *** Otinidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 *** Trimusculidae J. Q. Burch, 1945 *Order Systellommatophora **Superfamily Onchidioidea Rafinesque, 1815 *** Onchidiidae Rafinesque, 1815 **Superfamily Veronicelloidea Gray, 1840 ***

Veronicellidae The Veronicellidae, also known by their common name the leatherleaf slugs, are a family of pulmonate terrestrial slugs. The herbivorous molluscs occur mainly in the tropical and subtropical areas of America, Asia and Africa. They act as interme ...

Gray, 1840 *** Rathouisiidae Heude, 1885 *Order Stylommatophora **(for inner division, see the Stylommatophora page) Caucasotachea_atrolabiata

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q530821 Panpulmonata