Hygromiidae is a taxonomic

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

of small to medium-sized air-breathing

land snail A land snail is any of the numerous species of snail that live on land, as opposed to the sea snails and freshwater snails. ''Land snail'' is the common name for terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have gastropod shell, shel ...

s, terrestrial

pulmonate Pulmonata or pulmonates is an informal group (previously an order, and before that, a subclass) of snails and slugs characterized by the ability to breathe air, by virtue of having a pallial lung instead of a gill, or gills. The group inclu ...

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

s in the superfamily

Helicoidea Helicoidea is a Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic Taxonomic rank, superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the order (taxonomy), order Stylommatophora. Taxonomy 2017 taxonomy and l ...

.Helicellidae Ihering, 1909

Anatomy

Some snails in genera within this family create and use

love dart A love dart (also known as a gypsobelum, shooting darts, or just as darts) is a sharp, calcium carbonate, calcareous or chitinous Dart (missile), dart which some hermaphroditic land snails and slugs create. Love darts are both formed and stor ...

s as part of their courtship and mating behavior. In this family, the number of haploid

chromosome A chromosome is a package of DNA containing part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes, the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with nucleosome-forming packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells, the most import ...

s lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.):
The biology of terrestrial molluscs
'. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

Taxonomy

The family Hygromiidae consists of the following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005): * subfamily Hygromiinae Tryon, 1866 ** tribe Hygromiini Tryon, 1866 - synonym: Cernuellini Schileyko, 1991 * subfamily Leptaxinae C.R. Boettger, 1909 ** tribe Leptaxini C.R. Boettger, 1909 * subfamily Metafruticicolinae Schileyko, 1972 * subfamily Ponentininae Schileyko, 1991 * subfamily Trochulinae Lindholm, 1927 ** tribe Archaicini Schileyko, 1978 ** tribe Ciliellini Schileyko, 1970 ** tribe Halolimnohelicini H. Nordsieck, 1986 ** tribe Monachaini Wenz, 1930 (1904) ** tribe Trochulini Lindholm, 1927

Genera

Genera with the family Hygromiidae include: The type genus of this family is '' Hygromia'' Risso, 1826. ;Not belonging to a subfamily: * † '' Archygromia'' Pfeffer, 1930 * † '' Camaenopsis'' Dollfus & Dautzenberg, 1924 * '' Cernuellopsis'' Manganelli & Giusti, 1988 * '' Helicotricha'' Giusti, Manganelli & Crisci, 1992 * † '' Hemistenotrema'' O. Boettger, 1897 * † '' Hochheimia'' Harzhauser & Neubauer, 2021 * '' Ichnusomunda'' Giusti & Manganelli, 1998 * '' Kalitinaia'' Hudec & Lezhawa, 1967 * † '' Leucochroopsis'' O. Boettger, 1908 * † '' Loganiopharynx'' Wenz, 1919 * † '' Pseudomonacha'' Pfeffer, 1930 * † '' Pseudoxerotricha'' C. R. Boettger, 1911 ;subfamily Hygromiinae Tryon, 1866 * tribe Hygromiini Tryon, 1866 ** '' Hygromia'' Risso, 1826 ** '' Zenobiellina'' Holyoak, D. T. & Holyoak, G. A., 2018 * tribe Perforatellini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Chilanodon'' Westerlund, 1897 ** '' Kovacsia'' H. Nordsieck, 1993 ** '' Lindholmomneme'' F. Haas, 1936 ** '' Lozekia'' Hudec, 1970 ** '' Monachoides'' Gude & B. B. Woodward, 1921 ** '' Noneulota'' Schileyko & Horsák, 2007 ** '' Perforatella'' Schlüter, 1838 ** '' Pseudotrichia'' Schileyko, 1970 ** '' Stygius'' Schileyko, 1970 * tribe incertaCucherat X. & Demuynck S. (2006). "Catalogue annoté des Gastéropodes terrestres (Mollusca, Gastropoda) de la région Nord - Pas-de-Calais"
''MalaCo'', Bulletin de la Malacologie Continentale Française, (2)
: page 81. http://www.journal-malaco.fr/page-5.html ;subfamily Leptaxinae C.R. Boettger, 1909 * Tribe Cryptosaccini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Cryptosaccus'' Prieto & Puente, 1994 ** '' Fractanella'' Caro & Madeira, 2019 ** '' Mengoana'' Ortiz de Zárate López, 1951 ** '' Pyrenaearia'' P. Hesse, 1921 * Tribe Leptaxini C.R. Boettger, 1909 ** '' Leptaxis'' R. T. Lowe, 1852 ** '' Portugala'' E. Gittenberger, 1980 ;subfamily Metafruticicolinae Schileyko, 1972 ** '' Cyrnotheba'' Germain, 1928 ** '' Elbasania'' Schileyko & Fehér, 2017 ** '' Hiltrudia'' H. Nordsieck, 1993 ** '' Metafruticicola'' Ihering, 1892 ; subfamily Trochulinae Lindholm, 1927 * Tribe Archaicini Schileyko, 1978 ** '' Angiomphalia'' Schileyko, 1978 ** '' Archaica'' Schileyko, 1970 ** '' Coronarchaica'' Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Leucozonella'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Odontotrema'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Paedhoplita'' Lindholm, 1927 * Tribe Ashfordiini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Ashfordia'' J. W. Taylor, 1917 * tribe Caucasigenini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Anoplitella'' Lindholm, 1929 ** '' Caucasigena'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Circassina'' P. Hesse, 1921 ** '' Diodontella'' Lindholm, 1929 ** '' Dioscuria'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Fruticocampylaea'' Kobelt, 1871 ** '' Hygrohelicopsis'' Schileyko, 1978 ** '' Lazicana'' Neiber, Walther & Hausdorf, 2018 ** '' Teberdinia'' Schileyko, 1978 * Tribe Ciliellini Schileyko, 1970 ** '' Ciliella'' Mousson, 1872 ** '' Ciliellopsis'' Giusti & Manganelli, 1990 * tribe Ganulini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Ganula'' E. Gittenberger, 1970 ** '' Ichnusotricha'' Giusti & Manganelli, 1987 ** '' Nienhuisiella'' Giusti & Manganelli, 1987 * tribe Halolimnohelicini H. Nordsieck, 1986 ** '' Elgonella'' Preston, 1914 ** '' Halolimnohelix'' Germain, 1913 ** '' Haplohelix'' Pilsbry, 1919 ** '' Vicariihelix'' Pilsbry, 1919 * tribe Monachaini Wenz, 1930 (1904) ** '' Abchasohela'' Hudec & Lezhawa, 1971 ** '' Batumica'' Schileyko, 1978 ** '' Caucasocressa'' P. Hesse, 1921 ** '' Diplobursa'' Schileyko, 1968 ** '' Euomphalia'' Westerlund, 1889 ** '' Harmozica'' Lindholm, 1927"Caucasian Land Snails"
. accessed May 2, 2014. ** '' Hesseola'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Jasonella'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Karabaghia'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Lejeania'' Ancey, 1887 ** '' Monacha'' Fitzinger, 1833 - type genus of the subfamily Monachainae ** '' Oscarboettgeria'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Platytheba'' Pilsbry, 1895: synonym of '' Monacha'' Fitzinger, 1833 (junior synonym) ** '' Prostenomphalia'' Baidashnikov, 1985 ** '' Pseudhesseola'' H. Nordsieck, 1993 ** ''

Stenomphalia ''Stenomphalia'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Hygromiidae. The species of this genus are found in Central Asia. Species: *'' Stenomphalia selecta'' *''Stenomphalia turcica ''Stenomphalia'' is a genus of gastropods ...

'' Lindholm, 1927 * tribe Trochulini Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Edentiella'' Poliński, 1929 ** '' Noricella'' Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Petasina'' H. Beck, 1847 ** '' Raeticella'' Kneubühler, Baggenstos & Neubert, 2022 ** '' Trochulus'' Chemnitz, 1786 - synonym: ''Trichia'' * Tribe Urticicolini Neiber, Razkin & Hausdorf, 2017 ** '' Plicuteria'' Schileyko, 1978 ** '' Semifruticicola'' A. J. Wagner, 1914 ** '' Urticicola'' Lindholm, 1927 ** '' Xerocampylaea'' Kobelt, 1871

Synonyms

* ''Kokotschashvilia'' Hudec & Lezhawa, 1969: synonym of '' Dioscuria'' Lindholm, 1927 * ''Shileykoia'' Hudec, 1969: synonym of '' Fruticocampylaea'' Kobelt, 1871 * ''Tyrrheniella'': synonym of '' Tyrrheniellina'' Giusti & Manganelli, 1992 * ''Zenobiella'' Gude & Woodward, 1921 - with the only species '' Zenobiella subrufescens'' (Miller, 1822): synonym of '' Zenobiellina'' Holyoak, D. T. & Holyoak, G. A., 2018 (junior synonym)

References

External links

A page of images of shells of species in the family

Razkin, O., Gómez-Moliner, B. J., Prieto, C. E., Martínez-Ortí, A., Arrébola, J. R., Muñoz, B., Chueca, L. J. & Madeira, M. J. (2015). Molecular phylogeny of the western Palaearctic Helicoidea (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 83: 99-117

Neiber, M. T., Razkin, O. & Hausdorf, B. (2017). Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the land snail family Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Helicoidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 111: 169-184.
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1521424 Taxa named by George Washington Tryon