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Hypocreales
The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, including an additional family, the Stachybotryaceae. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more families and genera to the order. According to the Catalog of Life, the Hypocreales contains 6 families, 137 genera, and 1411 species. Hyde et al. (2020a) listed 14 families under Hypocreales, while, Wijayawardene et al. (2022) accepted 15 families in the order, where '' Cylindriaceae'' was additionally added. Earlier, Hyde et al. (2020a) had placed ''Cylindriaceae'' in class Xylariomycetidae. Samarakoon et al. (2022) agreed. Hence, ''Cylindriaceae'' should have been excluded from Hypocreales and placed in Xylariomycetidae. Xiao et al. (2022) recently introduced a new family '' Polycephalomycetaceae'' to Hypocreales.Xiao YP, Wang YB, Hyde KD, El ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectriaceae
The Nectriaceae comprise a family of fungi in the order Hypocreales. It was circumscribed by brothers Charles and Louis René Tulasne in 1865. In 2020, an Outline of fungi was produced and listed 70 genera and about 1,336 species. It is a highly diverse group with a worldwide distribution and it has higher diversity in warm temperate and tropical regions (Rossman et al. 1999; Rossman 2000; Chaverri et al. 2011, Schroers et al. 2011, Hyde et al. 2014, Lombard et al. 2015,). Several authors have studied and revised the taxonomy of ''Nectriaceae'' (Petch 1938; Munk 1957; Dennis 1960; Kreisel 1969; Rossman et al. 1999; Lumbsch and Huhndorf 2010; Lombard et al. 2015; Maharachchikumbura et al. 2016b). A recent treatment of Nectriaceae was provided by Wijayawardene et al. (2022), they also accepted 70 genera within the family. List of genera As accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020; (with number of species) *'' Albonectria'' (1) *'' Allantonectria'' (1) *'' Allonectella'' (2) *'' A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bionectriaceae
The Bionectriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Hypocreales. A 2008 estimate places 35 genera and 281 species in the family. Species in the family tend to grow on plant material, including woody debris, while some species associate with algae, bryophytes, or other fungi. History ''Bionectriaceae'' was introduced by Rossman et al. (1999) to accommodate 26 genera. It has been revised and refined by several studies based on phylogenetic analyses (Rossman et al. 2001; Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015, 2016; Wijayawardene et al. 2018). The 2022 treatment of ''Bionectriaceae'' was provided by Wijayawardene et al. with the acceptance of 47 genera. Genera This is a list of the genera in the Bionectriaceae, based on a 2022 review and summary of fungal classification by Wijayawardene and colleagues. Following the genus name is the taxonomic authority In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clavicipitaceae
The Clavicipitaceae are a family (biology), family of fungi within the order Hypocreales. A 2008 estimate placed 43 genus, genera in the family, but a study in 2020 has increased this number to 50. Phylogeny Molecular phylogeny, phylogenetic analysis of multigene DNA sequence data indicates the taxon Clavicipitaceae (as circumscribed by 2007) is paraphyletic, and consists of three well-defined cladistics, clades, at least one of which is shared with members of another fungal family (Hypocreaceae). The most recent common ancestor of the three clades also include Hypocreaceae as a descendant. The issue seems to have been resolved in Sung ''et al.'' (2007b). Clavicipitaceae becomes restricted to "clade A". Cordycipitaceae is resurrected to hold "clade C". Ophiocordycipitaceae is created to hold "clade B". Evolution The evolution within the Clavicipitaceae (as circumscribed by 2007) is marked by interkingdom host jumping, and the range of this large and heterogeneous fungal grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tolypocladium
''Tolypocladium'' is a genus of fungi within the family Ophiocordycipitaceae. It includes species that are parasites of other fungi, insect pathogens, rotifer pathogens and soil inhabiting species with uncertain ecological roles. ''Tolypocladium'' was originally circumscribed as a genus containing anamorphic fungi. It was later determined that some ''Cordyceps''-like teleomorphic fungi were the teleomorphs of ''Tolypocladium'' species. These species were considered to belong in the genus ''Cordyceps'' until molecular phylogenetics studies found these species to be more closely related to '' Ophiocordyceps'' and were considered to belong in that genus before they were transferred to the new genus ''Elaphocordyceps'' by Sung and colleagues in 2007. However, under the ICN's 2011 " one fungus, one name" principle, fungi can not have different names for their anamorphic and teleomorphic stages if they are found to be the same taxon. Quandt and colleagues formally synonymized ''Tolypo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sordariomycetes
Sordariomycetes is a class of fungi in the subdivision Pezizomycotina (Ascomycota). It is the second-largest class of Ascomycota, with a worldwide distribution that mostly accommodates terrestrial based taxa, although several can also be found in aquatic habitats. Some are phytopathogens that can cause leaf, stem, and root diseases in a wide variety of hosts, while other genera can cause diseases in arthropods and mammals. The name Sordariomycetes is derived from the Latin ''sordes'' (filth) because some species grow in animal feces, though growth habits vary widely across the class. In 2013, it consisted of 3 subclasses, 12 orders, 600 genera and 3000 species, Then by 2015, it had 3 subclasses, 28 orders, 90 families and 1344 genera. This has increased to 4 subclasses and 54 orders in 2020. It then increased to 6 subclasses and 54 orders in 2023. In May 2023, the GBIF listed 26,295 species in Sordariomycetes. Sordariomycetes generally produce their asci in perithecial fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stachybotryaceae
The Stachybotryaceae are a family of fungi in the order Hypocreales; the genera it contains have been described as "hyper-diverse". The family was originally introduced by Crous et al. (2014) to accommodate three genera; ''Myrothecium'', ''Peethamabra'' and ''Stachybotrys''. It was revised by Lombard et al. (2016) based on morphological characters and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis. They accepted 33 genera in the family, including 21 new genera. Generally, the species in Stachybotryaceae are characterized by asexual morphs with mononematous to sporodochial to synnematous conidiomata, usually with phialidic conidiogenous cells that produce 0–1-septate conidia in dark green dry chains or slimy masses. Three species of Stachybotryaceae;(''Koorchalomella salmonispora'', ''Stachybotrys chartarum'' and ''Stachybotrys chlorohalonata'') have been reported from freshwater habitats. Genera As accepted in 2020 (with amount of species): Note; for ''Stachybotrys'' , 12 species have b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascocarp
An ascocarp, or ascoma (: ascomata), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cordycipitaceae
The Cordycipitaceae are a family of parasitic fungi in the Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes and order Hypocreales. The family was first published in 1969 by mycologist Hanns Kreisel, but the naming was invalid according to the code of International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. It was validly published in 2007 as a way to resolve the paraphyly of Clavicipitaceae. Description Cordycipitaceae species have stromata or subicula that are pallid or brightly pigmented and fleshy. Their perithecia are superficial to completely immersed in the substrate, and oriented at right angles to the surface of the stroma. The asci are cylindrical with a thickened ascus tip. Ascospores are usually cylindrical, contain multiple septa, and disarticulate into part-spores or remain intact at maturity. Genera Updated in 2020 (with numbers of species) *'' Akanthomyces'' (21) – anamorphs subsumed here: **'' Lecanicillium'' **'' Torrubiella'' *'' Amphichorda'' (1) *'' Ascopoly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustav Lindau
Gustav Lindau (2 May 1866 in Dessau – 10 October 1923 in Berlin), was a German mycologist and botanist. Biography Gustav Lindau was born on 2 May 1866 in Dessau (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany). He studied natural history in University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg and University of Berlin, Berlin, where he studied under Simon Schwendener (1829–1919). He completed his doctoral thesis on the apothecium, apothecia of lichens in 1888. In 1890, he became director at the botanical garden in Münster (Westfalen), Münster and an assistant to Julius Oscar Brefeld (1839–1925). In 1892, he became an assistant at the Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum, Berlin botanical garden. He obtained his habilitation in 1894, and became a professor in 1902. He has been credited for having introduced the term "" to refer to fungal tissue in an 1899 publication, which he proposed could be further adapted for specific tissue types by adding prefixes such as "" and "". Lindau died in Berlin on 10 O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypocreaceae
The Hypocreaceae are a family (biology), family within the class Sordariomycetes. Species are recognisable by their brightly coloured perithecial Ascocarp, ascomata, typically yellow, orange or red. The family was proposed by Giuseppe De Notaris in 1844. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the family has 22 genera and 454 species. In 2020, it was re-analysed and determined to have only 17 genera and about 658 species. Genera (sp.) As accepted in 2020: *''Arachnocrea'' (3) *''Dialhypocrea'' (1) *''Escovopsioides'' (1) *''Escovopsis'' (14) *''Hypocreopsis'' (14) *''Hypomyces'' (ca. 150) *''Illosporiopsis'' *''Kiflimonium'' (1) *''Lichenobarya'' (1) *''Mycogone'' (28) *''Protocrea'' (6) *''Rogersonia'' (1) *''Sepedonium'' (13) *''Sphaerostilbella'' (13) *''Sporophagomyces'' (3) *''Stephanoma'' (?6) *''Trichoderma'' (400+) *''Verticimonosporium'' (3) References {{Authority control Hypocreaceae, Ascomycota families Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ophiocordycipitaceae
Ophiocordycipitaceae is a family (biology), family of parasite, parasitic fungus, fungi in the phylum Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes. It was created in 2007 to resolve the paraphyly of Calvicipitaceae. It was updated in 2020. Genera As accepted in 2020; (with number of species) *''Hantamomyces'' (1) *''Unilateralis'' (1) *''Harposporium'' (37) (Anamorphic) *''Hirsutella'' (50+) *''Hymenostilbe'' (12) *''Ophiocordyceps'' (263) *''Paraisaria'' (11) *''Perennicordyceps'' (4) *''Pleurocordyceps'' (10) *''Polycephalomyces'' (18) *''Purpureocilium'' (5) *''Syngliocladium'' (5) *''Tolypocladium'' (47) Former assignments: *''Blistum'' split up into different genera *''Didymobotryopsis'' Accepted by Species Fungorum but not 2020 Outline *''Haptocillium'' moved to Drechmeria, Clavicipitaceae *''Synnematium'' synonym for Hirsutella *''Trichosterigma'' synonym for Hirsutella Fossil species *†''Paleoophiocordyceps'' See also *Cordycipitaceae *Cordyceps References Ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
