The Bionectriaceae are a
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
of
fungi
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...
in the order
Hypocreales
The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes.
In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, in ...
. A 2008 estimate places 35
genera
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...
and 281
species
A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...
in the family.
Species in the family tend to grow on plant material, including woody debris, while some species associate with
alga
Algae ( , ; : alga ) is an informal term for any organisms of a large and diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are not plants, and includes species from multiple distinct clades. Such organisms range from unicellular microalgae, suc ...
e,
bryophyte
Bryophytes () are a group of embryophyte, land plants (embryophytes), sometimes treated as a taxonomic Division (taxonomy), division referred to as Bryophyta ''Sensu#Common qualifiers, sensu lato'', that contains three groups of non-vascular pla ...
s, or other fungi.
History
''Bionectriaceae'' was introduced by Rossman et al. (1999) to accommodate 26 genera.
It has been revised and refined by several studies based on phylogenetic analyses (Rossman et al. 2001;
Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015, 2016;
[ Wijayawardene et al. 2018).]
Genera
This is a list of the genera in the Bionectriaceae, based on a 2022 review and summary of fungal classification
Classification is the activity of assigning objects to some pre-existing classes or categories. This is distinct from the task of establishing the classes themselves (for example through cluster analysis). Examples include diagnostic tests, identif ...
by Wijayawardene and colleagues.taxonomic authority
In biology, taxonomy () is the scientific study of naming, defining ( circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon), and these groups are given ...
(those who first circumscribed the genus; standardized author abbreviations are used), year of publication, and the number of species:
*'' Acremonium'' – ca. 150
*'' Anthonectria'' – 1 sp.
*'' Aphanotria'' – 1 sp.
*'' Battarrina'' – 1 sp.
*'' Bryocentria'' – 15 spp.
*'' Bryotria'' – 2 spp.
*'' Bullanockia'' – 1 sp.
*'' Chrysonectria'' – 1 sp.
*'' Clibanites'' – 1 sp.
*'' Clonostachys'' – 78 spp.
*'' Dimerosporiella'' – 8 spp.
*'' Fusariella'' – 17 spp.
*'' Geonectria'' – 1 sp.
*'' Geosmithia'' – 24 spp.
*'' Gliomastix'' – 24 spp.
*'' Globonectria'' – 1 sp.
*'' Gracilistilbella'' – 4 spp.
*'' Halonectria'' – 1 sp.
*'' Heleococcum'' – 5 spp.
*'' Hydropisphaera'' – 29 spp.
*'' Ijuhya'' – 22 spp.
*'' Kallichroma'' – 4 spp.
*'' Lasionectria'' – 23 spp.
*'' Mycoarachis'' – 2 spp.
*'' Mycocitrus'' – 3 spp.
*'' Nectriella'' – 84 spp.
*'' Nectriopsis'' – 70 spp.
*'' Ochronectria'' – 3 spp.
*'' Ovicuculispora''
References
Ascomycota families
Taxa described in 1999
{{Hypocreales-stub