Events

January–February

January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. * 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. * 1564 – The Council of T ...

– Black Saturday in

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

: Rioters burn

Cairo Cairo ( ; , ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, being home to more than 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, L ...

's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Hormizd IV, king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown and blinded by his brothers-in-law Vistahm and Vinduyih. * 1579 – The Diocese of Manila is erected by papal bull, with Domingo de Salazar appointe ...

** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes monarch of the

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

and the

British Dominions A dominion was any of several largely self-governance, self-governing countries of the British Empire, once known collectively as the ''British Commonwealth of Nations''. Progressing from colonies, their degrees of self-governing colony, colon ...

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla ...

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic O ...

Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...

and

Ceylon Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...

. The princess, who is on a visit to

Kenya Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country located in East Africa. With an estimated population of more than 52.4 million as of mid-2024, Kenya is the 27th-most-populous country in the world and the 7th most populous in Africa. ...

when she hears of the death of her father, King

George VI George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until Death and state funeral of George VI, his death in 1952 ...

, aged 56, takes the regnal name

Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 19268 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, her death in 2022. ...

. ** In the United States, a

mechanical heart An artificial heart is a device that replaces the heart. Artificial hearts are typically used as a bridge to heart transplantation, but ongoing research aims to develop a device that could permanently replace the heart when a transplant—whe ...

is used for the first time in a human patient. *

February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 & ...

–

New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...

announces its first crosswalk devices to be installed. *

February 14 It is observed in most countries as Valentine's Day. Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution#Persian phase, Abbasid Revolution: The Kaysanites Shia#History, Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad ...

– 25 – The

Winter Olympics The Winter Olympic Games (), also known as the Winter Olympics, is a major international multi-sport event held once every four years for sports practiced on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympic Games, the 1924 Winter Olympics, were held i ...

are held in

Oslo Oslo ( or ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of 1,064,235 in 2022 ...

, Norway. *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Ti ...

– The State Funeral of King

of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the British Dominions and the last Emperor of India, takes place. George VI's coffin is brought in procession through London to Paddington Station where a royal train brings the King to Windsor, where his funeral and burial take place at St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 3102 BC – Kali Yuga, the fourth and final yuga of Hinduism, starts with the death of Krishna. * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining J ...

– Greece and Turkey join the

North Atlantic Treaty Organization The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental transnational military alliance of 32 member states—30 European and 2 North American. Established in the aftermat ...

. *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The ...

– In

Dhaka Dhaka ( or ; , ), List of renamed places in Bangladesh, formerly known as Dacca, is the capital city, capital and list of cities and towns in Bangladesh, largest city of Bangladesh. It is one of the list of largest cities, largest and list o ...

East Pakistan East Pakistan was the eastern province of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971, restructured and renamed from the province of East Bengal and covering the territory of the modern country of Bangladesh. Its land borders were with India and Burma, wit ...

(present-day

Bangladesh Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eighth-most populous country in the world and among the List of countries and dependencies by ...

) police open fire on a procession of students, killing 4 people and starting a country-wide protest, which leads to the recognition of

Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...

as one of the national languages of Pakistan. The day is later declared "

International Mother Language Day International Mother Language Day is a worldwide annual observance held on 21 February to promote awareness of linguistic and cultural diversity and to promote multilingualism. First announced by UNESCO on 17 November 1999, it was formally reco ...

" by

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...

. *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. * ...

– The

Parícutin Parícutin (or Volcán de Parícutin, also accented Paricutín) is a cinder cone volcano located in the Mexican state of Michoacán, near the city of Uruapan and about west of Mexico City. The volcano surged suddenly from the cornfield of loca ...

active volcano in

Michoacán Michoacán, formally Michoacán de Ocampo, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Michoacán de Ocampo, is one of the 31 states which, together with Mexico City, compose the Political divisions of Mexico, Federal Entities of Mexico. The stat ...

, west central Mexico, ceases its discontinuous eruption after spewing forth a gigaton of lava, and burying San Juan Parangaricutiro. *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 * 747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 320 – Chandragupta ...

–

Vincent Massey Charles Vincent Massey (February 20, 1887December 30, 1967) was a Canadian diplomat and statesman who served as the 18th governor general of Canada from 1952 to 1959. Massey was the first governor general of Canada who was born in Canada. Mas ...

is sworn in, becoming the first Canadian-born

Governor General of Canada The governor general of Canada () is the federal representative of the . The monarch of Canada is also sovereign and head of state of 14 other Commonwealth realms and resides in the United Kingdom. The monarch, on the Advice (constitutional la ...

March–April

March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes ...

– General

Fulgencio Batista Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar (born Rubén Zaldívar; January 16, 1901 – August 6, 1973) was a Cuban military officer and politician who played a dominant role in Cuban politics from his initial rise to power as part of the 1933 Revolt of t ...

re-takes power in

Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...

in a coup. *

March 15 Events Pre-1600 * 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years truce. * 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar, the dictator of the Roman R ...

– 16 – 73 inches (1,870 mm) of rain falls in

Cilaos Cilaos () is a town and commune in France, commune on the France, French island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. It is located centrally on the island, in a caldera of altitude 1,214 m. The caldera (usually known as the 'Cirque') is also named fo ...

Réunion Réunion (; ; ; known as before 1848) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department and region of France. Part of the Mascarene Islands, it is located approximately east of the isl ...

, the most rainfall in one day up to that time. *

March 20 Events Pre-1600 *1206 – Michael IV of Constantinople, Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople. *1600 – The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden: five Swedish n ...

– The

United States Senate The United States Senate is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the upper house, with the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives being the lower house. Together, the Senate and ...

ratifies a

peace treaty A peace treaty is an treaty, agreement between two or more hostile parties, usually country, countries or governments, which formally ends a declaration of war, state of war between the parties. It is different from an armistice, which is an ag ...

with Japan. *

March 21 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the '' Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas ...

** The last two

executions Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct. The sentence ordering that an offender be punished in s ...

in the Netherlands take place. **

Kwame Nkrumah Francis Kwame Nkrumah (, 21 September 1909 – 27 April 1972) was a Ghanaian politician, political theorist, and revolutionary. He served as Prime Minister of the Gold Coast (British colony), Gold Coast from 1952 until 1957, when it gained ...

is elected Prime Minister of the Gold Coast. **

Tornadoes A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with the surface of Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. It is often referred to as a twister, whirlwind or cyclone, although the ...

ravage the lower

Mississippi River Valley The Mississippi embayment is a physiographic feature in the south-central United States, part of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. It is essentially a northward continuation of the fluvial sediments of the Mississippi River Delta to its conflue ...

, leaving 208 dead, through

March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthel ...

. *

–

Wernher von Braun Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun ( ; ; 23 March 191216 June 1977) was a German–American aerospace engineer and space architect. He was a member of the Nazi Party and '' Allgemeine SS'', the leading figure in the development of ...

publishes the first in his series of articles titled ''

Man Will Conquer Space Soon! "Man Will Conquer Space Soon!" was the title of a series of 1950s magazine articles in ''Collier's'' detailing Wernher von Braun's plans for human spaceflight. Edited by Cornelius Ryan, the individual articles were authored by such space notables ...

'', including ideas for crewed flights to

Mars Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is also known as the "Red Planet", because of its orange-red appearance. Mars is a desert-like rocky planet with a tenuous carbon dioxide () atmosphere. At the average surface level the atmosph ...

and the Moon. *

March 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. * 1329 – Pope John XXII ...

Konrad Adenauer Konrad Hermann Joseph Adenauer (5 January 1876 – 19 April 1967) was a German statesman and politician who served as the first Chancellor of Germany, chancellor of West Germany from 1949 to 1963. From 1946 to 1966, he was the first leader of th ...

survives an assassination attempt. ** A legislative Assembly election is held in

Coorg Kodagu district () (also known by its former name Coorg) is an administrative district in the Karnataka state of India. Before 1956, it was an administratively separate Coorg State at which point it was merged into an enlarged Mysore State ...

. *

April 1 Events Pre-1600 * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. * 1081 – Alexios I Komnenos overthrows the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates, and, after his tro ...

** Al Arabi was founded in

Qatar Qatar, officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia. It occupies the Geography of Qatar, Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East; it shares Qatar–Saudi Arabia border, its sole land b ...

. *

April 4 Events Pre-1600 * 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines. * 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground. * 611 &nd ...

** In the Hague Tribunal,

Israel Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in West Asia. It Borders of Israel, shares borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the north-east, Jordan to the east, Egypt to the south-west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Isr ...

demands

reparations Reparation(s) may refer to: Christianity * Reparation (theology), the theological concept of corrective response to God and the associated prayers for repairing the damages of sin * Restitution (theology), the Christian doctrine calling for re ...

worth $3 billion from Germany. ** West Ice accidents: During a severe storm in the

West Ice The West Ice (Norwegian: ''Vestisen,'' or ''Vesterisen,'' Danish: see below) is a patch of the Greenland Sea covered by pack ice during winter time. It is located north of Iceland, between East Greenland and Jan Mayen island. In Greenland and t ...

, east of

Greenland Greenland is an autonomous territory in the Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark. It is by far the largest geographically of three constituent parts of the kingdom; the other two are metropolitan Denmark and the Faroe Islands. Citizens of Greenlan ...

, 78 seal hunters on 5 Norwegian

seal hunting Seal hunting, or sealing, is the personal or commercial hunting of Pinniped, seals. Seal hunting is currently practiced in nine countries: Canada, Denmark (in self-governing Greenland only), Russia, the United States (above the Arctic Circle ...

vessels vanish without a trace. *

April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First '' Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Em ...

– The

American Research Bureau Nielsen Audio (formerly Arbitron) is a consumer research company in the United States that collects listener data on radio broadcasting audiences. It was founded as the American Research Bureau by Jim Seiler in 1949 and became national by mergin ...

reports that the ''

I Love Lucy ''I Love Lucy'' is an American sitcom that originally aired on CBS from October 15, 1951, to May 6, 1957, with a total of 180 half-hour episodes spanning six seasons. The series starred Lucille Ball and her husband Desi Arnaz, along with Vivian ...

'' episode "The Marriage License" was the first TV show in history to be seen in around 10,000,000 homes, the evening the episode aired. *

April 8 Events Pre-1600 * 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus. * 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids. * 1139 – ...

– '' Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer'': The U.S. Supreme Court limits the power of the President to seize private business, after President

Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. As the 34th vice president in 1945, he assumed the presidency upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt that year. Subsequen ...

nationalizes all steel mills in the United States, just before the

1952 steel strike The 1952 steel strike was a strike by the United Steelworkers of America (USWA) against U.S. Steel (USS) and nine other steelmakers. The strike was scheduled to begin on April 9, 1952, but US President Harry Truman nationalized the America ...

begins. *

April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, ...

Hugo Ballivián Hugo Ballivián Rojas (7 June 1901 – 15 July 1993) was a Bolivian politician and military A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries ar ...

's government is overthrown by the

Bolivian National Revolution The Bolivian Revolution of 1952 (), also known as the Revolution of '52, was a series of political demonstrations led by the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR), which, in alliance with liberals and communists, sought to overthrow the rulin ...

, which starts a period of

agrarian reform Land reform (also known as agrarian reform) involves the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership, land use, and land transfers. The reforms may be initiated by governments, by interested groups, or by revolution. Lan ...

universal suffrage Universal suffrage or universal franchise ensures the right to vote for as many people bound by a government's laws as possible, as supported by the " one person, one vote" principle. For many, the term universal suffrage assumes the exclusion ...

and the

nationalization Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state. Nationalization contrasts with p ...

of tin mines. ** Santa Teresa Church tragedy: 50 people are trampled to death in the

Basilica of St. Teresa The Basilica of St. Teresa () It is one of the most important Catholic churches in Caracas, capital of Venezuela. It is the main center of veneration of the image of the Nazarene in San Pablo Easter, is located on the corner of La Palma and Santa ...

Caracas Caracas ( , ), officially Santiago de León de Caracas (CCS), is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas). Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the northern p ...

Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...

, after someone shouts "

Fire! Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the chemical process of combustion. Fire also commonly refers to: *Conflagration, a large and destructive fire *Structure fire, a house or building on fire *Wildfire, a fire in a forest, rangeland, or o ...

"; 40 people are arrested in connection with the crush.Stampede In Church Planned?
''13 April 1952'' *

April 11 Events Pre-1600 * 491 – Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. * 1241 – Batu Khan defeats Béla IV of Hungary at the Battle of Mohi. *1512 – War of the League of Cambrai: Franco-Ferra ...

Battle of Nanri Island The Battle of Nanri Island () was a conflict between the Republic of China Army (ROCA) and the People's Liberation Army (PLA), over Nanri Island in today's Nanri Town, Xiuyu District, Putian, Fujian, People's Republic of China off the coast ...

: The

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

seizes the island from the

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

. **

: Rebels take over

Palacio Quemado The Bolivian Palace of Government, better known as (, ''Burnt Palace''), was the official residence of the President of Bolivia from 1853 to 2018 and again briefly from 2019 to 2020. It is located in downtown La Paz on Plaza Murillo, next to ...

. *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. * 1428 – Peace of Ferrara ...

Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ...

National Revolution: A universal vote enables indigenous peoples and women to vote, nationalizes mines and enacts agrarian reform. ** West Germany and Japan form diplomatic relations. *

April 26 Events Pre-1600 * 1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux. * 1478 – The Pazzi family attack on Lorenzo de' Medici in order to displace the ruling Medici family kills his brother Giuliano during High Mass in Fl ...

– United States Navy aircraft carrier ''Wasp'' collides with destroyer ''Hobson'' while on exercises in the Atlantic Ocean, killing 175 men. *

April 28 Events Pre-1600 * 224 – The Battle of Hormozdgan is fought. Ardashir I defeats and kills Artabanus V, effectively ending the Parthian Empire. * 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victor ...

– The

Treaty of San Francisco The , also called the , re-established peaceful relations between Japan and the Allied Powers on behalf of the United Nations by ending the legal state of war, military occupation and providing for redress for hostile actions up to and inclu ...

goes into effect, formally ending the war between

Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...

and the

Allies An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not an explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are calle ...

, and simultaneously ending the occupation of the four main Japanese islands by the

Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers The Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (), or SCAP, was the title held by General Douglas MacArthur during the United States-led Allied occupation of Japan following World War II. It issued SCAP Directives (alias SCAPIN, SCAP Index Number) ...

May–June

May 1 Events Pre-1600 * 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor. * 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches. * 1169 & ...

–

East Germany East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from Foundation of East Germany, its formation on 7 October 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on ...

threatens to form its own army. *

May 3 Events Pre-1600 * 752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne. * 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties ...

– U.S. lieutenant colonels Joseph O. Fletcher and William P. Benedict land a plane at the

geographic North Pole The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. It is called the True North Pole to distinguish from the Mag ...

. *

May 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance. * 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...

–

Farouk of Egypt Farouk I (; ''Fārūq al-Awwal''; 11 February 1920 – 18 March 1965) was the tenth ruler of Egypt from the Muhammad Ali dynasty and the penultimate King of Egypt and the Sudan, succeeding his father, Fuad I, in 1936 and reigning until his ...

has himself announced as a descendant of the Islamic

prophet In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divinity, divine being and is said to speak on behalf of that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings ...

Muhammad Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...

. *

May 13 Events Pre-1600 * 1344 – A Latin Christian fleet defeats a Turkish fleet in the battle of Pallene during the Smyrniote crusades. *1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, v ...

–

Pandit Nehru Jawaharlal Nehru (14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, secular humanist, social democrat, and statesman who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20th century. Nehru was a prin ...

forms his first government in India. *

May 15 Events Pre-1600 * 221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty. * 392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurpe ...

– Diplomatic relations are established between Israel and Japan at the level of

legation A legation was a diplomatic representative office of lower rank than an embassy. Where an embassy was headed by an ambassador, a legation was headed by a minister. Ambassadors outranked ministers and had precedence at official events. Legation ...

s. *

May 18 Events Pre-1600 * 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople. * 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of 47 ...

– Ann Davison becomes the first woman to single-handedly sail the Atlantic Ocean. *

June 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León. * 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida. * 1495 – A monk, John Cor, rec ...

** The

Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

bans the books of

André Gide André Paul Guillaume Gide (; 22 November 1869 – 19 February 1951) was a French writer and author whose writings spanned a wide variety of styles and topics. He was awarded the 1947 Nobel Prize in Literature. Gide's career ranged from his begi ...

. ** Navigation opens on the

Volga–Don Canal Lenin Volga–Don Shipping Canal (Russian language, Russian: Волго-Донской судоходный канал имени, ''В. И. Ленина, Volga-Donskoy sudokhodniy kanal imeni V. I. Lenina'', abbreviated ВДСК, ''VDSK'') is a ...

, connecting the

Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, described as the List of lakes by area, world's largest lake and usually referred to as a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia: east of the Caucasus, ...

basin with that of the

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ...

. *

June 10 Events Pre-1600 * 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu. * 1190 – Third Crusade: Frederic ...

–

1952 San Juan earthquake The 1952 San Juan earthquake took place on 11 June at 00:31:43 UTC in the province of San Juan, Argentina. It measured 6.8 on the moment magnitude scale with a depth of . The earthquake was felt in San Juan with a maximum of VIII (''Severe'') on ...

. A magnitude 6.8 earthquake kills five people on

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

's San Juan Province. *

June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. * 1325 – Ibn ...

** "

Catalina affair The Catalina affair () was a military confrontation and Cold War-era diplomatic crisis in June 1952, in which Soviet Air Force fighter jets shot down two Swedish aircraft over international waters in the Baltic Sea. The first aircraft to be sh ...

": Soviet

MiG-15 The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 (; USAF/DoD designation: Type 14; NATO reporting name: Fagot) is a jet fighter aircraft developed by Mikoyan-Gurevich for the Soviet Union. The MiG-15 was one of the first successful jet fighters to incorporate s ...

fighter planes shoot down a Swedish military

Douglas C-47 Skytrain The Douglas C-47 Skytrain or Dakota ( RAF designation) is a military transport aircraft developed from the civilian Douglas DC-3 airliner. It was used extensively by the Allies during World War II. During the war the C-47 was used for tro ...

, carrying out

signals intelligence Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the act and field of intelligence-gathering by interception of ''signals'', whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly u ...

gathering operations over the

Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by the countries of Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North European Plain, North and Central European Plain regions. It is the ...

, killing all 8 crew; three days later they shoot down a Catalina flying boat, searching for possible survivors. ** Polttoainehankinta, a secret

Finnish Defence Forces The Finnish Defence Forces (FDF) (; ) are the military of Finland. The Finnish Defence Forces consist of the Finnish Army, the Finnish Navy, and the Finnish Air Force. In wartime, the Finnish Border Guard becomes part of the Finnish Defence For ...

operations order is approved. *

June 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar. * 1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...

–

Myxomatosis Myxomatosis is a disease caused by '' Myxoma virus'', a poxvirus in the genus '' Leporipoxvirus''. The natural hosts are tapeti (''Sylvilagus brasiliensis'') in South and Central America, and brush rabbits (''Sylvilagus bachmani'') in North ...

is introduced to Europe, on the French estate of

Paul-Félix Armand-Delille Paul-Félix Armand-Delille (3 July 1874 – 4 September 1963) was a French physician, bacteriologist, professor, and member of the French Academy of Medicine. He is best known for attempting to protect his crop from rabbits by releasing a pair of ...

. *

June 15 Events Pre-1600 * 763 BC – Assyrians record a solar eclipse that is later used to fix the chronology of Mesopotamian history. * 844 – Louis II is crowned as king of Italy at Rome by pope Sergius II. * 923 – Battle of So ...

–

Anne Frank Annelies Marie Frank (, ; 12 June 1929 – February or March 1945)Research by The Anne Frank House in 2015 revealed that Frank may have died in February 1945 rather than in March, as Dutch authorities had long assumed"New research sheds new li ...

's ''

The Diary of a Young Girl ''The Diary of a Young Girl'', commonly referred to as ''The Diary of Anne Frank'', is a book of the writings from the Dutch language, Dutch-language diary kept by Anne Frank while she was in hiding for two years with her family during the Neth ...

'' is published in English-language translation. *

June 19 Events Pre-1600 * 325 – The original Nicene Creed is adopted at the First Council of Nicaea. * 1179 – The Battle of Kalvskinnet takes place outside Nidaros (now Trondheim), Norway. Earl Erling Skakke is killed, and the battle cha ...

– The

Special Forces (United States Army) The United States Army Special Forces (SF), colloquially known as the "Green Berets" due to their distinctive service headgear, is a branch of the United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC). The core missionset of Special Forces ...

are created. *

June 26 Events Pre-1600 *4 AD, 4 – Augustus adopts Tiberius. * 221 – Roman emperor Elagabalus adopts his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and receives the title of Caesar (title), Caesar. * 363 – Roman emperor Julian (emperor), J ...

– The Pan-Malayan Labour Party is founded in

Malaya Malaya refers to a number of historical and current political entities related to what is currently Peninsular Malaysia in Southeast Asia: Political entities * British Malaya (1826–1957), a loose collection of the British colony of the Straits ...

, as a union of statewide labour parties. *

June 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. * 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. * 1499 – Amerigo Vespucci sights what is now Amapá State in B ...

–

Decree 900 Decree 900 (), also known as the Agrarian Reform Law, was a Guatemalan land-reform law passed on June 17, 1952, during the Guatemalan Revolution. The law was introduced by President Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán and passed by the Guatemalan Congress. ...

in Guatemala orders the redistribution of uncultivated land. *

June 28 Events Pre-1600 *1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha, Kerbogha of Mosul at the Battle of Antioch (1098), battle of Antioch. *1360 – Muhammed VI, Sultan of Granada, Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid dynasty, Nas ...

– The First

Miss Universe Miss Universe is an annual international major beauty pageant that is run by a Thailand and Mexican-based Miss Universe Organization.Natalie Tadena (July 2, 2015"Donald Trump's Miss USA Pageant Lands on Reelz Cable Channel". ''The Wall Stree ...

pageant is held.

Armi Kuusela Armi Helena Kuusela-Williams (née Kuusela, formerly Kuusela-Hilario; born 20 August 1934) is a Finnish-American beauty queen and philanthropist, best known for being the first-ever Miss Universe. In 1952, she gained national recognition by winn ...

from

Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...

wins the title of

Miss Universe 1952 Miss Universe 1952 was the first Miss Universe pageant, held at the Long Beach Municipal Auditorium in Long Beach, California, United States on 28 June 1952. At the end of the event, actress Piper Laurie crowned Armi Kuusela of Finland as Miss ...

July–August

July 13 Events Pre-1600 *1174 – William the Lion, William I of Scotland, a key Rebellion, rebel in the Revolt of 1173–74, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England. *1249 – Coronation of Alexander III of Scotland, Ale ...

–

announces the formation of its

National People's Army The National People's Army (, ; NVA ) were the armed forces of the East Germany, German Democratic Republic (DDR) from 1956 until 1990. The NVA was organized into four branches: the (Ground Forces), the (Navy), the (Air Force) and the (Bord ...

. *

July 19 Events Pre-1600 * AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city. * 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is ...

–

August 3 Events Pre-1600 * 8 – Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats the Dalmatae on the river Bosna. * 435 – Deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emp ...

– The

1952 Summer Olympics The 1952 Summer Olympics (, ), officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad (, ) and commonly known as Helsinki 1952, were an international multi-sport event held from 19 July to 3 August 1952 in Helsinki, Finland. After Japan declared in ...

are held in

Helsinki Helsinki () is the Capital city, capital and most populous List of cities and towns in Finland, city in Finland. It is on the shore of the Gulf of Finland and is the seat of southern Finland's Uusimaa region. About people live in the municipali ...

, Finland. *

July 21 Events Pre-1600 * 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson. * 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became th ...

– The 7.3 Kern County earthquake strikes California's southern Central Valley with a maximum

Mercalli intensity The Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MM, MMI, or MCS) measures the effects of an earthquake at a given location. This is in contrast with the seismic magnitude usually reported for an earthquake. Magnitude scales measure the inherent force or ...

of XI (''Extreme''), killing 12 and injuring hundreds. *

July 23 Events Pre-1600 * 811 – Byzantine Empire, Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I plunders the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian capital of Pliska and captures Khan Krum's treasury. *1319 – A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a Battle of Chi ...

** The

European Coal and Steel Community The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was a European organization created after World War II to integrate Europe's coal and steel industries into a single common market based on the principle of supranationalism which would be governe ...

is established. ** General Mohammed Naguib leads The Free Officers (formed by

Gamal Abdel Nasser Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian military officer and revolutionary who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970. Nasser led the Egyptian revolution of 1952 a ...

– the real power behind the coup) in the overthrow of King

. *

July 26 Events Pre-1600 * 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I. * 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seri ...

** King

abdicates in favour of

Fuad II Fuad II (, full name: Ahmed Fuad bin Farouk bin Ahmed Fuad bin Ismail bin Ibrahim bin Muhammad Ali; born 16 January 1952), or alternatively Ahmed Fuad II (), is a member of the Egyptian Muhammad Ali dynasty. As an infant, he formally reigned as ...

. ** Maria Eva Duarte De Peron known as "Evita" Argentina's first lady dies of cancer. The Argentine government's declaration of national mourning causes all business, entertainment, leisure, and work to a standstill. *

August 5 Events Pre-1600 * AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty. * 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...

– The

Treaty of Taipei The Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty ( zh, t=中日和平條約; ), formally the Treaty of Peace between the Republic of China and Japan ( zh, t=中華民國與日本國間和平條約, links=no; ) and commonly known as the Treaty of Taipei ( zh, t=� ...

between Japan and the

goes into effect, to officially end the

Second Sino-Japanese War The Second Sino-Japanese War was fought between the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China and the Empire of Japan between 1937 and 1945, following a period of war localized to Manchuria that started in 1931. It is considered part ...

. *

August 11 Events Pre-1600 * 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. * 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and foun ...

– The

Jordan Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. Jordan is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the east, Saudi Arabia to the south, and Israel and the occupied Palestinian ter ...

ian Parliament forces King

Talal of Jordan Talal bin Abdullah (26 February 1909 – 7 July 1972) was King of Jordan from the assassination of his father, King Abdullah I, on 1951 until his forced abdication in 1952. He was a member of the Hashemite dynasty. Talal was born in Mecca as th ...

to abdicate due to mental illness; he is succeeded by his son King

Hussein Hussein, Hossein, Hussain, Hossain, Huseyn, Husayn, Husein, Hussin, Hoessein, Houcine, Hocine or Husain (; ), coming from the triconsonantal root Ḥ-S-N (), is an Arabic name which is the diminutive of Hassan, meaning "good", "handsome" or ...

. *

August 12 Events Pre-1600 *1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade. * 1121 – Bat ...

–

Night of the Murdered Poets Night, or nighttime, is the period of darkness when the Sun is below the horizon. Sunlight illuminates one side of the Earth, leaving the other in darkness. The opposite of nighttime is daytime. Earth's rotation causes the appearance of ...

: 13 Soviet Jewish poets are executed. *

August 13 Events Pre-1600 * 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. * 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. * 554 &ndash ...

– Japan joins the

IMF The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 191 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of la ...

. *

August 14 Events Pre-1600 * 74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan. * 29 BC – Octavian ...

–

West Germany West Germany was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. It is sometimes known as the Bonn Republi ...

joins the

and the

World Bank The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and Grant (money), grants to the governments of Least developed countries, low- and Developing country, middle-income countries for the purposes of economic development ...

. *

August 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs. * 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the H ...

–

Lynmouth Lynmouth is a village in Devon, England, on the northern edge of Exmoor. The village straddles the confluence of the West Lyn River, West Lyn and East Lyn River, East Lyn rivers, in a gorge directly below the neighbouring town of Lynton, w ...

, North

Devon Devon ( ; historically also known as Devonshire , ) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is bordered by the Bristol Channel to the north, Somerset and Dorset to the east, the English Channel to the south, and Cornwall to the west ...

, England is devastated by floods; 34 die. *

August 18 Events Pre-1600 * 684 – Battle of Marj Rahit: Umayyad partisans defeat the supporters of Ibn al-Zubayr and cement Umayyad control of Syria. * 707 – Princess Abe accedes to the imperial Japanese throne as Empress Genmei. * 130 ...

– A 7.5 earthquake shakes the

Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are other ethnic groups s ...

region leaving a balance of 54 fatalities. *

August 22 Events Pre-1600 * 392 – Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. * 851 – Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland. * 1138 – Battle of the Standard between Scot ...

– The most damaging aftershock of the

1952 Kern County earthquake Year 195 ( CXCV) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in Rome as the Year of the Consulship of Scrapula and Clemens (or, less frequently, year 948 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 195 f ...

sequence strikes with a moment magnitude of 5.8, and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (''Severe''). This event damages several hundred buildings in

Bakersfield, California Bakersfield is a city in and the county seat of Kern County, California, United States. The city covers about near the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley, which is located in the Central Valley region. Bakersfield's population as of th ...

, with total additional losses of $10 million, with two associated deaths and some injuries. *

August 26 Events Pre-1600 * 683 – Yazid I's army kills 11,000 people of Medina including notable Sahabas in Battle of al-Harrah. * 1071 – The Seljuq Turks defeat the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert, and soon gain control of most o ...

– A British passenger jet makes a return crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in the same day. *

August 27 Events Pre-1600 * 410 – The sacking of Rome by the Visigoths ends after three days. * 1172 – Henry the Young King and Margaret of France are crowned junior king and queen of England. * 1232 – Shikken Hojo Yasutoki of the ...

– Reparation negotiations between West Germany and

end in

Luxembourg Luxembourg, officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in Western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France on the south. Its capital and most populous city, Luxembour ...

: Germany will pay 3 billion

Deutsche Mark The Deutsche Mark (; "German mark (currency), mark"), abbreviated "DM" or "D-Mark" (), was the official currency of West Germany from 1948 until 1990 and later of unified Germany from 1990 until the adoption of the euro in 2002. In English, it ...

s. *

August 29 Events Pre-1600 * 708 – Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708). * 870 – The city of Melite surrenders to an Aghlabid army following a siege, putting an end to Byzanti ...

– Composer

John Cage John Milton Cage Jr. (September 5, 1912 – August 12, 1992) was an American composer and music theorist. A pioneer of indeterminacy in music, electroacoustic music, and Extended technique, non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one ...

's ''

4′33″ ''4′33″'' is a Modernism (music), modernist composition by American experimental music, experimental composer John Cage. It was composed in 1952 for any instrument or combination of instruments; the score instructs performers not to play t ...

'', during which the performer does not play, premieres in

Woodstock, New York Woodstock is a Administrative divisions of New York#Town, town in Ulster County, New York, United States, in the northern part of the county, northwest of Kingston, New York, Kingston. It lies within the borders of the Catskill Park. The popula ...

. *

August 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Titus ends the siege of Jerusalem after destroying Herod's Temple. * 1060 – The Mirdasids defeat the Fatimid Caliphate at the Battle of al-Funaydiq, signalling the definitive loss of Aleppo for the Fatimi ...

– The last Finnish

war reparations War reparations are compensation payments made after a war by one side to the other. They are intended to cover damage or injury inflicted during a war. War reparations can take the form of hard currency, precious metals, natural resources, in ...

are sent to the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

. *

August 31 Events Pre-1600 * 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty. * 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one ye ...

– The

Grenzlandring The Grenzlandring ("border-region ring"), sometimes written ''Grenzland-Ring'', was a high-speed oval race track in the Lower Rhine area of Germany, around the town of Wegberg and close to Mönchengladbach and the Dutch town of Roermond. The co ...

racetrack closes in

Wegberg Wegberg (; ) is the northernmost town in the district of Heinsberg (district), Heinsberg in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Geography Wegberg is situated between Mönchengladbach in the northeast and Erkelenz in the southeast; the town of Rhein ...

, Germany.

September–October

September 2 Events Pre-1600 * 44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. * 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his '' Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of ...

– C. Walton Lillehei and F. John Lewis perform the first open- heart surgery, at the

University of Minnesota The University of Minnesota Twin Cities (historically known as University of Minnesota) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint ...

. *

September 6 Events Pre-1600 * 394 – Battle of the Frigidus: Roman emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills Eugenius the usurper. His Frankish ''magister militum'' Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later. *1492 – Christopher Co ...

– The

CBC CBC may refer to: Media * Cadena Baja California or Grupo Cadena, a radio and television broadcaster in Mexico * Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Canada's radio and television public broadcaster ** CBC Television ** CBC Radio One ** CBC Music ** ...

Montreal Montreal is the List of towns in Quebec, largest city in the Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Quebec, the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, second-largest in Canada, and the List of North American cit ...

Quebec Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...

, goes on air launching

television in Canada Television in Canada officially began with the sign-on of the nation's first television stations in Montreal and Toronto in 1952. As with most media in Canada, the television industry, and the television programming available in that country, ...

. *

September 10 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. * 1089 – The first synod of pope Urban II starts in Melfi, with seventy bishops and twelve abbots in attendance. The synod issues several decree ...

– The European Parliamentary Assembly (from March

1962 The year saw the Cuban Missile Crisis, which is often considered the closest the world came to a Nuclear warfare, nuclear confrontation during the Cold War. Events January * January 1 – Samoa, Western Samoa becomes independent from Ne ...

, the

European Parliament The European Parliament (EP) is one of the two legislative bodies of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union (known as the Council and informally as the Council of Ministers), it ...

) opens. *

September 15 Events Pre-1600 * 994 – Major Fatimid victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of the Orontes. * 1440 – Gilles de Rais, one of the earliest known serial killers, is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against hi ...

– The

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...

cedes

Eritrea Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa, with its capital and largest city being Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the Eritrea–Ethiopia border, south, Sudan in the west, and Dj ...

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

. *

September 18 Events Pre-1600 * 96 – Emperor Domitian is assassinated as a result of a plot by his wife Domitia and two Praetorian prefects. Nerva is then proclaimed as his successor. * 324 – Constantine the Great decisively defeats Licinius i ...

– The

vetoes Japan's application for

membership Member may refer to: * Military jury, referred to as "Members" in military jargon * Element (mathematics), an object that belongs to a mathematical set * In object-oriented programming, a member of a class ** Field (computer science), entries in ...

in the

. *

September 30 Events Pre-1600 * 489 – The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time. * 737 – The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture thei ...

– The

Revised Standard Version The Revised Standard Version (RSV) is an English translation of the Bible published in 1952 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA. This translation is a revision of the American St ...

of the Bible is published. *

October 14 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings. *1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's in ...

– The

begins work in the new United Nations building in New York City, designed by

Le Corbusier Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (6 October 188727 August 1965), known as Le Corbusier ( , ; ), was a Swiss-French architectural designer, painter, urban planner and writer, who was one of the pioneers of what is now regarded as modern architecture ...

and

Oscar Niemeyer Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (15 December 1907 – 5 December 2012), known as Oscar Niemeyer (), was a Brazilian architect considered to be one of the key figures in the development of modern architecture. Niemeyer was b ...

. *

October 17 Events Pre-1600 * 690 – Empress Wu Zetian establishes the Zhou Dynasty of China. * 1091 – London tornado of 1091: A tornado thought to be of strength T8/F4 strikes the heart of London. * 1346 – The English capture King D ...

–

17 October affair The 17 October affair (, ) was an event during which Indonesian soldiers pressured the president to disband the Provisional People's Representative Council, at the behest of the administration's chief of staff, along with the commander of the ar ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

n troops led by General

Nasution Abdul Haris Nasution (; 3 December 1918 – 6 September 2000) was a high-ranking Indonesian general and politician. He served in the military during the Indonesian National Revolution and remained in the military during the subsequent turmoil of ...

surround the presidential palace, seeking the dismissal of the

People's Representative Council The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (, DPR-RI or simply DPR) is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the national legislature of Indonesia. It is considered the lower house, while th ...

;

Sukarno Sukarno (6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for independenc ...

avoids confrontation. *

October 19 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Second Punic War: At the Battle of Zama, Roman legions under Scipio Africanus defeat Hannibal Barca, leader of the army defending Carthage. * 439 – The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in Nor ...

–

Alain Bombard Alain Bombard (; Paris, 27 October 1924 – Paris, 19 July 2005) was a French biologist, physician and politician famous for sailing in a small boat across the Atlantic Ocean without provision. He theorized that a human being could very well su ...

begins to sail from the

Canary Islands The Canary Islands (; ) or Canaries are an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean and the southernmost Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous Community of Spain. They are located in the northwest of Africa, with the closest point to the cont ...

Barbados Barbados, officially the Republic of Barbados, is an island country in the Atlantic Ocean. It is part of the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies and the easternmost island of the Caribbean region. It lies on the boundary of the South American ...

in 65 days; he reaches them

December 23 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – The Arian Vandal Kingdom ceases its persecution of Nicene Christianity. * 558 – Chlothar I is crowned King of the Franks. * 583 – Maya queen Yohl Ik'nal is crowned ruler of Palenque. * 962 &ndash ...

. *

October 20 Events Pre-1600 *1568 – The Spanish Duke of Alba defeats a Dutch rebel force under William the Silent. * 1572 – Eighty Years' War: Three thousand Spanish soldiers wade through fifteen miles of water in one night to effect the r ...

–

Martial law Martial law is the replacement of civilian government by military rule and the suspension of civilian legal processes for military powers. Martial law can continue for a specified amount of time, or indefinitely, and standard civil liberties ...

is declared in

, in the face of the

Mau Mau uprising The Mau Mau rebellion (1952–1960), also known as the Mau Mau uprising, Mau Mau revolt, or Kenya Emergency, was a war in the British Kenya Colony (1920–1963) between the Kenya Land and Freedom Army (KLFA), also known as the Mau Mau, and the ...

. *

October 23 Events Pre-1600 * 4004 BC – James Ussher's purported creation date of the world according to the Bible. * 42 BC – Liberators' civil war: Mark Antony and Octavian decisively defeat an army under Brutus in the second part of the B ...

– The

West German West Germany was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until its reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. It is sometimes known as the Bonn Republic after its capital c ...

Federal Constitutional Court The Federal Constitutional Court ( ; abbreviated: ) is the supreme constitutional court for the Federal Republic of Germany, established by the constitution or Basic Law () of Germany. Since its inception with the beginning of the post-W ...

bans the

Socialist Reich Party The Socialist Reich Party () was a West German political party founded in the aftermath of World War II in 1949 as an openly neo-Nazi-oriented splinter from the national conservative German Right Party (DKP-DRP). The SRP achieved some electoral ...

as unconstitutional for being a

Nazi Party The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party ( or NSDAP), was a far-right politics, far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor ...

successor organization.

November–December

November 1 Events Pre-1600 * 365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities. * 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freisin ...

–

Nuclear testing Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the performance of nuclear weapons and the effects of Nuclear explosion, their explosion. Nuclear testing is a sensitive political issue. Governments have often performed tests to si ...

and

Operation Ivy Operation Ivy was the eighth series of American nuclear tests, coming after '' Tumbler-Snapper'' and before '' Upshot–Knothole''. The two explosions were staged in late 1952 at Enewetak Atoll in the Pacific Proving Ground in the Marshall I ...

: The United States successfully detonates the first

hydrogen bomb A thermonuclear weapon, fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb (H-bomb) is a second-generation nuclear weapon design. Its greater sophistication affords it vastly greater destructive power than first-generation nuclear bombs, a more compact size, a lo ...

, codenamed "Mike", at

Eniwetok Enewetak Atoll (; also spelled Eniwetok Atoll or sometimes Eniewetok; , , or , ; known to the Japanese as Brown Atoll or Brown Island; ) is a large coral atoll of 40 islands in the Pacific Ocean and with its 296 people (as of 2021) forms a legi ...

Atoll in the

Marshall Islands The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands, is an island country west of the International Date Line and north of the equator in the Micronesia region of the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. The territory consists of 29 c ...

in the central Pacific Ocean, with a yield of 10.4

megatons TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. A ton of TNT equivalent is a unit of energy defined by convention to be (). It is the approximate energy released in the det ...

. *

November 4 Events Pre-1600 * 1354 – War of the Straits: The Genoese fleet under Paganino Doria defeats and captures the entire Venetian fleet under Niccolò Pisani at the Battle of Sapienza. * 1429 – Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War: Jo ...

** 1952 United States presidential election: Republican General

Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (born David Dwight Eisenhower; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was the 34th president of the United States, serving from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, he was Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionar ...

defeats Democratic

Governor of Illinois The governor of Illinois is the head of government of Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its we ...

Adlai Stevenson Adlai Stevenson may refer to: * Adlai Stevenson I Adlai Ewing Stevenson (October 23, 1835 – June 14, 1914) was an American politician and diplomat who served as the 23rd vice president of the United States from 1893 to 1897 under President Gr ...

(correctly predicted by the

UNIVAC UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) was a line of electronic digital stored-program computers starting with the products of the Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation. Later the name was applied to a division of the Remington Rand company and ...

computer). ** Pace-Finletter MOU 1952: A Memorandum of understanding is signed between "...Air Force Secretary Finletter and Army Secretary Pace that established a fixed wing weight limit or the Armyof five thousand pounds empty, but weight restrictions on helicopters were eliminated..." *

November 5 Events Pre-1600 *1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign. * 1499 – The '' Catholicon'', written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first B ...

– The 9.0 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake hits the

Kamchatka Peninsula The Kamchatka Peninsula (, ) is a peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about . The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk make up the peninsula's eastern and western coastlines, respectively. Immediately offshore along the Pacific ...

of the

with a maximum

of XI (''Extreme''). A tsunami took the lives of more than 2,300 people. *

November 18 Events Pre-1600 * 326 – The old St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated by Pope Sylvester I. * 401 – The Visigoths, led by king Alaric I, cross the Alps and invade northern Italy. * 1095 – The Council of Clermont begins: ca ...

–

Jomo Kenyatta Jomo Kenyatta (22 August 1978) was a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978. He played a significant role in the ...

is arrested in

, for an alleged connection to the

Mau Mau Uprising The Mau Mau rebellion (1952–1960), also known as the Mau Mau uprising, Mau Mau revolt, or Kenya Emergency, was a war in the British Kenya Colony (1920–1963) between the Kenya Land and Freedom Army (KLFA), also known as the Mau Mau, and the ...

. *

November 20 Events Pre-1600 * 284 – Diocletian is chosen as Roman emperor. * 762 – During the An Shi Rebellion, the Tang dynasty, with the help of Huihe tribe, recaptures Luoyang from the rebels. *1194 – Palermo is conquered by Henry ...

** The first official passenger flight over the North Pole is made, from Los Angeles to

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the Urban area of Copenhagen, urban area. The city is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager, separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the ...

. **One of the first successful gender-affirming surgeries is performed in

Christine Jorgensen Christine Jorgensen (; May 30, 1926 – May 3, 1989) was an American actress, singer, recording artist, and transgender activist. A trans woman, she was the first person to become widely known in the United States for having Sex reassignment ...

. *

November 29 Events Pre-1600 * 528 – Antioch suffers its second major earthquake in two years, killing thousands and destroying its remaining edifice. * 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert ...

–

Korean War The Korean War (25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) was an armed conflict on the Korean Peninsula fought between North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea; DPRK) and South Korea (Republic of Korea; ROK) and their allies. North Korea was s ...

: U.S. President-elect

fulfills a

political campaign A political campaign is an organized effort which seeks to influence the decision making progress within a specific group. In democracy, democracies, political campaigns often refer to election, electoral campaigns, by which representatives a ...

promise, by traveling to Korea to find out what can be done to end the conflict. *

December 1 Events Pre-1600 * 800 – A council is convened in the Vatican, at which Charlemagne is to judge the accusations against Pope Leo III. * 1420 – Henry V of England enters Paris alongside his father-in-law King Charles VI of France. * ...

–

Adolfo Ruiz Cortines Adolfo Tomás Ruiz Cortines ( 30 December 1889 – 3 December 1973) was a Mexican politician who served as President of Mexico from 1952 to 1958. A member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), he previously served as Governor of Vera ...

takes office as

President of Mexico The president of Mexico (), officially the president of the United Mexican States (), is the head of state and head of government of Mexico. Under the Constitution of Mexico, the president heads the executive branch of the federal government and ...

. *

December 10 Events Pre-1600 *1317 – The Nyköping Banquet: King Birger of Sweden treacherously seizes his two brothers, dukes Valdemar and Erik, who are subsequently starved to death in the dungeon of Nyköping Castle. * 1508 – The Leag ...

–

Albert Schweitzer Ludwig Philipp Albert Schweitzer (; 14 January 1875 – 4 September 1965) was a German and French polymath from Alsace. He was a theologian, organist, musicologist, writer, humanitarian, philosopher, and physician. As a Lutheran minister, ...

is given the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize. *

December 14 Events Pre-1600 * 557 – Constantinople is severely damaged by an earthquake, which cracks the dome of Hagia Sophia. * 835 – Sweet Dew Incident: Emperor Wenzong of the Tang dynasty conspires to kill the powerful eunuchs of the ...

– The first successful surgical separation of

Siamese twins Conjoined twins, popularly referred to as Siamese twins, are twins joined '' in utero''. It is a very rare phenomenon, estimated to occur in anywhere between one in 50,000 births to one in 200,000 births, with a somewhat higher incidence in south ...

is conducted in Mount Sinai Hospital,

Cleveland Cleveland is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County. Located along the southern shore of Lake Erie, it is situated across the Canada–U.S. maritime border and approximately west of the Ohio-Pennsylvania st ...

Ohio Ohio ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the ...

. *

December 20 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69 – Antonius Primus enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor for Nero's former general Vespasian. * 1192 – Richard I of England is captured and imprisoned by Leopold V of Austria on his way home to England ...

– The crash of a

United States Air Force The United States Air Force (USAF) is the Air force, air service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is one of the six United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Tracing its ori ...

C-124 Globemaster at Moses Lake, WA kills 86 servicemen. *

December 25 Events Pre-1600 * 36 – Forces of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han, under the command of Wu Han, conquer the separatist Chengjia empire, reuniting China. * 274 – A temple to Sol Invictus is dedicated in Rome by Emperor Aurelian. ...

– One West German soldier is killed in a shooting incident in

West Berlin West Berlin ( or , ) was a political enclave which comprised the western part of Berlin from 1948 until 1990, during the Cold War. Although West Berlin lacked any sovereignty and was under military occupation until German reunification in 1 ...

. *

December 26 Events Pre-1600 * 887 – Berengar I is elected as king of Italy by the lords of Lombardy. He is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy at Pavia. * 1481 – Battle of Westbroek: An army of 4,000 to 5,000 soldiers raised by David of ...

–

Joseph Ivor Linton Joseph Ivor Linton (also referred to as Ivor Joseph Linton) (July 2, 1900 – March 1, 1982) was an Israeli diplomat. Born in Russia, he immigrated to England in 1919, where he engaged in Zionist activities on behalf of the Jewish Agency for Pales ...

, the first Israeli

Minister Plenipotentiary An envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, usually known as a minister, was a diplomatic head of mission who was ranked below ambassador. A diplomatic mission headed by an envoy was known as a legation rather than an embassy. Under the ...

in Japan, presents his credentials to the

Emperor of Japan The emperor of Japan is the hereditary monarch and head of state of Japan. The emperor is defined by the Constitution of Japan as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, his position deriving from "the will of ...

Date unknown

* The

Nordic Council The Nordic Council is the official body for formal inter-parliamentary Nordic cooperation among the Nordic countries. Formed in 1952, it has 87 representatives from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden as well as from the autonomo ...

agrees to the unrestricted transport of people, goods and services throughout the

Nordic Countries The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or ''Norden''; ) are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe, as well as the Arctic Ocean, Arctic and Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic oceans. It includes the sovereign states of Denm ...

. * Supramar launches the first commercial

high-speed craft A high-speed craft (HSC) is a high-speed water vessel for civilian use, also called a fastcraft or fast ferry. The first high-speed craft were often hydrofoils or hovercraft, but in the 1990s catamaran and monohull designs become more popu ...

, a

hydrofoil A hydrofoil is a lifting surface, or foil, that operates in water. They are similar in appearance and purpose to aerofoils used by aeroplanes. Boats that use hydrofoil technology are also simply termed hydrofoils. As a hydrofoil craft gains sp ...

. * During the

, the poisonous

latex Latex is an emulsion (stable dispersion) of polymer microparticles in water. Latices are found in nature, but synthetic latices are common as well. In nature, latex is found as a wikt:milky, milky fluid, which is present in 10% of all floweri ...

of the African milk bush is used to kill

cattle Cattle (''Bos taurus'') are large, domesticated, bovid ungulates widely kept as livestock. They are prominent modern members of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus '' Bos''. Mature female cattle are calle ...

, in an incident of

Biological warfare Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of biological toxins or Pathogen, infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, insects, and Fungus, fungi with the intent to kill, harm or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an ...

. *

Slavery in Qatar For most of its history, Qatar practiced slavery until its abolition in 1952. Many members of the Afro-Arabian minority are descendants of the former slaves. Chattel slavery was succeeded by the Kafala system. The kafala system has been abol ...

is abolished.

Births

January

January 1 January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in the Gregorian Calendar; 364 days remain until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. __TOC__ Events ...

–

Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (; born 1 January 1952) is a member of Qatar's royal family, the House of Thani. He was the ruling Emir of Qatar from 1995 until 2013 when he abdicated the throne, handing power to his fourth son Tamim bin Hamad Al ...

Emir of Qatar The Emir of the State of Qatar () is the monarch and head of state of the country. The emir is also the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces and guarantor of the Constitution. The emir holds the most powerful position in the country, and has a ...

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Emp ...

–

Elvira Saadi Elvira Fuadovna Saadi (born January 2, 1952) is a retired gymnast from the former Soviet Union and a former elite gymnastics coach in Canada. As a member of the Soviet Union's women's gymnastics team, Saadi shared in the team gold medals at the ...

, Soviet gymnast *

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

Esperanza Aguirre Esperanza Aguirre y Gil de Biedma (; born 3 January 1952) is a Spanish politician. As member of the People's Party (PP), she served as President of the Senate between 1999 and 2002 (becoming the first female politician to have held the post), a ...

, Spanish politician **

Jim Ross James William Ross (born January 3, 1952) is an American professional wrestling commentator, sports announcer, and podcaster, better known by the ring name Jim Ross (often shortened to JR). He is signed with All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he ...

, American wrestling announcer *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of the Roman Republic, Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army, prompting the tribunes who support him to flee to where Caesar is waiting in Ravenna ...

–

Sammo Hung Samuel "Sammo" Hung Kam-bo ( zh, t=洪金寶, j=Hung4 Gam1-bou2; born 7 January 1952) is a Hong Kong actor, martial artist, film producer and Film director, director, known for his work in martial arts films, Hong Kong action cinema, and as a figh ...

, Hong Kong martial arts superstar, producer and director *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. * 1038 – An earthquake in Dingxiang, China kills an estimate ...

–

Marek Belka Marek Marian Belka (; born 9 January 1952 in Lódź) is a Polish professor of economics and politician who has served as Prime Minister of Poland and Finance Minister of Poland in two governments. He is a former director of the International Mo ...

, 11th

Prime Minister of Poland A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only wa ...

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...

– Belkisyole Alarcón de Noya, Venezuelan physician and parasitologist *

January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – List of Byzantine emperors, Byzantine Emperor Zeno (emperor), Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. *1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crow ...

–

Walter Mosley Walter Ellis Mosley (born January 12, 1952) is an American novelist, most widely recognized for his crime fiction. He has written a series of best-selling historical mysteries featuring the hard-boiled detective Easy Rawlins, a black private in ...

, American author *

January 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. * 1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 * 1761 – The Third Battle of Panipat is fought in I ...

–

Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu Călin Constantin Anton Popescu-Tăriceanu (; born 14 January 1952) is a Romanian politician who served as Prime Minister of Romania, prime minister of Romania from 2004 to 2008. He was also president of the National Liberal Party (Romania), Na ...

, 60th Prime Minister of Romania * January 15 ** Boris Blank (musician), Boris Blank, Swiss musician ** Muhammad Wakkas, Bangladeshi teacher and parliamentarian * January 17 – Ryuichi Sakamoto, Japanese electronic musician, composer, producer and actor (''Yellow Magic Orchestra'') (d. 2023) * January 20 ** Moein (singer), Moein,Iranian Singer ** Paul Stanley, American singer * January 24 – Raymond Domenech, French Association football, football player, manager * January 25 ** Sara Mandiano, French singer-songwriter ** Peter Tatchell, Australian-born British human rights activist * January 27 ** Brian Gottfried, American tennis player ** Asma Jahangir, Pakistani human rights activist, lawyer (d. 2018) * January 29 ** Klaus-Peter Hanisch, German footballer (d. 2009) ** Paul Tesanovich, American politician from Michigan * January 30 – Valery Khalilov, Russian military band conductor (d. 2016)

February

* February 2 – Park Geun-hye, President of South Korea * February 4 ** Abdalá Bucaram, 38th President of Ecuador ** Jenny Shipley, Prime Minister of New Zealand *

– John Hickenlooper, American politician, 42nd Governor of Colorado * February 8 – Nora Miao, Hong Kong actress * February 10 – Lee Hsien Loong, 3rd Prime Minister of Singapore * February 12 – Simon MacCorkindale, English actor (d. 2010) *

– Sushma Swaraj, Indian politician, at Ambala Cantonment, Haryana (d. 2019) *

** Nikolai Sorokin, Soviet, Russian actor, theatre director (d. 2013) ** Tomislav Nikolić, 4th President of Serbia * February 16 – James Ingram, African-American R&B musician (d. 2019) * February 17 – Javier Urruticoechea, Spanish footballer (d. 2001) * February 19 ** Gary Seear, New Zealand rugby union player (d. 2018) ** Amy Tan, American novelist (''The Joy Luck Club (novel), The Joy Luck Club'') *

** Vitaly Churkin, Russian diplomat (d. 2017) ** Elisha Obed, Bahamian boxer (d. 2018) * February 22 ** Bill Frist, William Frist, U.S. Senator, heart surgeon ** Saufatu Sopoanga, 8th Prime Minister of Tuvalu (d. 2020) *

– Joey Dunlop, Northern Irish motorcycle racer (d. 2000)

March

Harvey Weinstein 2010 Time 100 Shankbone

* March 1 - Janice Burgess, African-American television producer, creator of ''The Backyardigans'' (d. 2024) * March 2 – Laraine Newman, American comedian (''Saturday Night Live'') * March 4 – Umberto Tozzi, Italian singer * March 7 – Viv Richards, West Indian cricketer *

– Morgan Tsvangirai, Zimbabwean politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (d. 2018) * March 11 – Douglas Adams, English author (''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'') (d. 2001) * March 13 ** Ágnes Rapai, Hungarian writer ** Wolfgang Rihm, German composer (d. 2024) * March 14 – Martin Dempsey, United States Army general *

– Howard Devoto, British singer * March 16 – Alice Hoffman, American novelist * March 17 – Perla (singer), Perla, Paraguayan-Brazilian singer * March 18 – Salome Zourabichvili, Georgian politician, 5th President of Georgia * March 19 – Harvey Weinstein, American film producer * March 23 ** Kim Stanley Robinson, American author ** Rex Tillerson, United States Secretary of State ** Villano III, Mexican professional wrestler (d. 2018) * March 24 – Reinhard Genzel, German astrophysicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize recipient * March 25 ** Jung Chang, Chinese-born author, historian ** Antanas Mockus, Colombian mathematician, politician * March 26 – Didier Pironi, French racing driver (d. 1987) *

– Maria Schneider (actress), Maria Schneider, French actress (d. 2011) * March 28 – Keith Ashfield, Canadian politician (d. 2018) * March 29 – ** Teófilo Stevenson, Teofilo Stevenson, Cuban boxer (d. 2012) ** Bola Tinubu, Nigerian politician, President of Nigeria * March 31 – Dermot Morgan, Irish actor and comedian (d. 1998)

April

** Annette O'Toole, American actress ** Bernard Stiegler, French philosopher (d. 2020) * April 2 – Lennart Fagerlund, Swedish cyclist *

** Rosemarie Ackermann, German athlete ** Gary Moore, Northern Irish musician (d. 2011) ** Karen Magnussen, Canadian figure skater * April 6 – Marilu Henner, American actress (''Taxi (TV series), Taxi'') and writer *

– Nichita Danilov, Romanian writer * April 10 – Steven Seagal, American actor *

– Qamar Zaman, Pakistani squash player * April 15 – Glenn Shadix, American voice actor (d. 2010) * April 16 – Billy West, American voice actor * April 17 ** Joe Alaskey, American voice actor (d. 2016) ** Željko Ražnatović, Serbian mobster, paramilitary leader (d. 2000) * April 19 – Alexis Argüello, Alexis Arguello, Nicaraguan boxer, politician (d. 2009) * April 21 – Cheryl Gillan, British politician (d. 2021) * April 23 – Jean-Dominique Bauby, French journalist and author (d. 1997) * April 24 – Jean-Paul Gaultier, French Haute couture, Prêt-à-Porter fashion designer * April 25 ** Ketil Bjørnstad, Norwegian pianist ** Vladislav Tretiak, Russian ice hockey player * April 27 – George Gervin, American basketball player *

– Mary McDonnell, American actress

May

– Mike Thornton (politician), Mike Thornton, British politician * May 2 – Christine Baranski, American actress *

** Leonid Khachiyan, Russian-born mathematician ** Allan Wells, Scottish athlete * May 4 – Michael Barrymore, British comedian, TV presenter *

– Michael O'Hare, American actor (d. 2012) * May 10 ** Roland Kaiser (singer), Roland Kaiser, German singer ** Manuel Mora Morales, Spanish director, writer * May 11 ** Shohreh Aghdashloo, Iranian actress ** Frances Fisher, British-born American actress ** Renaud, French composer * May 12 – Christopher Gaze, British voice actor *

– John Kasich, Governor of

* May 14 ** Robert Zemeckis, American film director (''Back to the Future'') ** David Byrne, Scottish singer-songwriter (Talking Heads) *

– Chazz Palminteri, American actor * May 16 – Stann Champion, American-born guitarist, singer, songwriter, and producer *

– George Strait, American country musician * May 19 – Bert van Marwijk, Dutch football manager * May 20 – Roger Milla, Cameroonian footballer * May 21 – Mr. T, African-American actor (''The A-Team'') * May 23 – Anne-Marie David, French singer, Eurovision Song Contest 1973 winner * May 24 – Sybil Danning, Austrian actress * May 31 – Carole Achache, French writer, photographer and actress (d. 2016)

June

* June 4 – Bronisław Komorowski, President of Poland * June 6 ** Marsha Blackburn, American politician and businesswoman ** Yukihiro Takahashi, Japanese drummer and singer (d. 2023) * June 7 ** Hubert Auriol, French racing driver (d. 2021) ** Liam Neeson, Northern Irish actor (''Schindler's List'') ** Orhan Pamuk, Turkish writer, Nobel Prize winner *

– Pat Summitt, American basketball coach (d. 2016) * June 16 ** George Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece ** Gino Vannelli, Canadian singer, songwriter * June 17 ** Sergio Marchionne, Italian-Canadian executive (d. 2018) ** Sarbjit Singh Chadha, Indian enka singer * June 18 ** Idriss Déby, Idriss Déby Itno, President of Chad (d. 2021) ** Carol Kane, American actress ** Isabella Rossellini, Italian model, actress * June 20 ** John Goodman, American actor ** Vikram Seth, Indian novelist * June 21 ** Jeremy Coney, New Zealand cricket Captain (cricket), captain ** Marcella Detroit, American singer (''Shakespears Sister'') ** Ginny Ruffner, American artist * June 22 ** Franco Cucinotta, Italian professional footballer ** Graham Greene (actor), Graham Greene, Canadian actor ** Alastair Stewart, British newsreader ** Santokh Singh, Malaysian footballer * June 23 – Peter Whiteside, British modern pentathlete * June 24 ** Ladislas Lozano, French-Spanish football coach, retired player ** Stephen Pusey, British-born artist * June 25 ** Péter Erdő, Hungarian cardinal ** Tim Finn, New Zealand singer, songwriter *

– Pietro Mennea, Italian athlete (d. 2013) * June 29 – Joe Johnson (snooker player), Joe Johnson, English snooker player * June 30 – Stein Olav Hestad, Norwegian footballer

July

* July 1 ** Brian George, Israeli-English actor, voice artist, comedian and singer ** Dan Aykroyd, Canadian actor, comedian (''Saturday Night Live'') ** Dale Hayes, South African professional golfer * July 2 ** Linda M. Godwin, American scientist ** Ahmed Ouyahia, Algerian politician ** Marco Piccinini, Monegasque sport personality, businessman, and politician * July 3 ** Laura Branigan, American singer, actress ("Self Control (Raf song), Self Control") (d. 2004) ** Lu Colombo, Italian singer ** Andy Fraser, English musician (d. 2015) ** Rohinton Mistry, Indian writer * July 4 ** Álvaro Uribe, President of Colombia ** John Waite, English singer, musician * July 6 ** Adi Shamir, Israeli cryptographer ** Ani Yudhoyono, 6th First Lady of Indonesia (d. 2019) ** Kim Chul-soo (footballer), Kim Chul-soo, South Korean footballer * July 7 ** Li Hongzhi, Chinese-American founder, spiritual leader of Falun Gong ** Alain Cortes, French modern pentathlete * July 8 ** Ahmed Nazif, Prime Minister of Egypt ** Knud Arne Jürgensen, Danish music, theater and ballet historian * July 10 ** Evelio Leonardia, Filipino politician ** Anam Ramanarayana Reddy, Indian politician * July 11 – Stephen Lang, American actor * July 12 ** Irina Bokova, Bulgarian diplomat and civil servant ** Voja Antonić, Serbian inventor, writer ** Liz Mitchell, Jamaican-born singer (Boney M.) *

– Ricardo Boechat, Argentine-Brazilian journalist, anchor and radio announcer (d. 2019) * July 15 ** Yuriko Koike, Japanese politician (Governor of Tokyo) ** Terry O'Quinn, American actor ** Marky Ramone, American musician * July 16 – Stewart Copeland, American rock musician (The Police) * July 17 – David Hasselhoff, American actor (''Knight Rider (1982 TV series), Knight Rider'') * July 18 – Albert Camille Vital, Prime Minister of Madagascar *

– Allen Collins, American rock musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1990) *

– Ahmad Husni Hanadzlah, Malaysian Minister of Finance * July 24 ** Kamrul Hasan Bhuiyan, Bangladeshi military officer, writer (d. 2018) ** Gus Van Sant, American film director * July 25 – Eduardo Souto de Moura, Portuguese Architect *

– Hezi Leskali, Israeli poet and artist (d. 1994) * July 28 – Vajiralongkorn, Monarchy of Thailand, King of Thailand (Rama (Kings of Thailand), Rama X) * July 31 – João Barreiros, Portuguese author

August

Moya Brennan - backstage at Glastonbury 2011

Michael Jeter at the 44th Emmy Awards cropped

* August 1 – Zoran Đinđić, Prime Minister of Serbia (d. 2003) ** Brian Patrick Clarke, American film actor *

– Osvaldo Ardiles, Argentine footballer * August 4 ** Estanislau da Silva, Prime Minister of East Timor ** Moya Brennan, Irish singer *

** Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodia ** Louis Walsh, Irish music producer, reality TV show judge * August 6 – Wojciech Fortuna, Polish ski jumper * August 8 – Jostein Gaarder, Norwegian author *

– Charlie Whiting, British motorsports director (d. 2019) *

– Jeanette Oppenheim, Danish lawyer and politician *

– Reginald VelJohnson, American actor * August 17 – Guillermo Vilas, Argentine tennis player *

– Patrick Swayze, American actor and dancer (d. 2009) * August 19 – Jonathan Frakes, American actor (''Star Trek: The Next Generation'') * August 21 ** Joe Strummer, British rock musician (''The Clash'') (d. 2002) ** Jiří Paroubek, 6th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic * August 24 – Linton Kwesi Johnson, Jamaican-born musician, poet * August 25 – Charles M. Rice, American virologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize recipient *

** Bryon Baltimore, Canadian ice hockey player ** Michael Jeter, American film, stage, and television actor (d. 2003) *

– Paul Reubens, American actor, writer and comedian (''Pee-Wee Herman'') (d. 2023) * August 28 ** Rita Dove, American poet (1987 Pulitzer Prize, United States Poet Laureate 1993–95) ** Wendelin Wiedeking, German businessman *

** Eli Gorenstein, Israeli actor, voice actor and cellist ** Hilary Farr, British-Canadian actress, designer

September

C Reeve in Marriage of Figaro Opening night 1985

** Jimmy Connors, American tennis player ** Yuen Wah – Hong Kong martial actor * September 4 – Rishi Kapoor, Indian actor (d. 2020) *

– Lucky Enam, Bangladeshi actress * September 8 – Patrick Prosser, Scottish computer scientist *

– Paulo Betti, Brazilian actor * September 12 ** Sergey Karaganov, Russian political scientist ** Neil Peart, Canadian rock drummer (''Rush (band), Rush'') (d. 2020) * September 16 ** Karen Muir, South African swimmer (d. 2013) ** Fatos Nano, Prime Minister of Albania ** Mickey Rourke, American film actor, former boxer * September 17 – Harold Solomon, American tennis player *

– Nile Rodgers, African-American musician, songwriter, composer, and guitarist * September 20 – Manuel Zelaya, President of Honduras * September 21 – Anneliese Michel, German Roman Catholic believed possessed by demons (d. 1976) * September 22 – Oliver Mtukudzi, Zimbabwean musician (d. 2019) * September 23 – Kim Duk-soo, Korean musician * September 25 – Christopher Reeve, American actor, activist (''Superman (1978 film), Superman'') (d. 2004) * September 26 – Predrag Miletić, Serbian actor * September 27 – Didier Dubois (mathematician), Didier Dubois, French mathematician * September 28 – Sylvia Kristel, Dutch actress (d. 2012) *

– Jack Wild, English actor (''H.R. Pufnstuf'') (d. 2006)

October

* October 5 ** Clive Barker, British author ** Harold Faltermeyer, German musician ** Imran Khan, former Prime Minister of Pakistan and cricketer ** Emomali Rahmon, President of Tajikistan ** Duncan Regehr, Canadian actor * October 6 – Matthew Sweeney, Irish poet (d. 2018) * October 7 ** Ivo Gregurević, Croatian actor (d. 2019) ** Mary Badham, American actress ** Vladimir Putin, President of Russia ** Ludmilla Tourischeva, Soviet gymnast ** Ricky Phillips, American musician * October 9 ** Sharon Osbourne, British actress, TV host and author ** Dennis Stratton, British musician * October 12 – Advent Bangun, Indonesian karateka, actor (d. 2018) * October 13 – John Lone, Hong Kong actor *

** Kaija Saariaho, Finnish composer (d. 2023) ** Harry Anderson, American actor, comedian and magician (d. 2018) ** Nikolai Andrianov, Soviet gymnast (d. 2011) ** Rick Aviles, American actor and stand-up comedian (d. 1995) * October 18 – Chuck Lorre, American sitcom creator *

– Verónica Castro, Mexican actress, entertainer *

– Eliane Giardini, Brazilian actress * October 22 – Jeff Goldblum, American actor *

– Steven Tandy, Australian stage, television and film actor * October 24 – David Weber, American science-fiction, fantasy author * October 26 – Andrew Motion, English poet * October 27 ** Roberto Benigni, Italian actor, screenwriter, and film director ** Hazell Dean, British pop, dance musician ** Francis Fukuyama, American political scientist ** Topi Sorsakoski, Finnish singer * October 28 – Annie Potts, American actress

November

* November 3 ** David Ho (scientist), David Ho, Taiwanese-American AIDS researcher ** Michael Shea (actor), Michael Shea, American child actor ** Roseanne Barr, American actress, comedian (''Roseanne'') ** Jim Cummings, American voice actor *

– Jeff Lorber, American jazz keyboardist, composer and record producer *

** Abdul Razzaq Anjum, Pakistani Air Vice Marshal (d. 2003) ** Oleh Blokhin, Ukrainian football player and manager ** Brian Muehl, American puppeteer ** Bill Walton, American basketball player, commentator (d. 2024) * November 6 – Michael Cunningham, American writer * November 7 ** Geraldo Alckmin, Brazilian politician ** David Petraeus, American general * November 8 ** Jan Raas, Dutch professional cyclist ** Alfre Woodard, African-American actress, producer and political activist * November 9 – Gladys Requena, Venezuelan politician * November 13 – Art Malik, Pakistani-born British actor * November 14 – Maggie Roswell, American actress * November 15 – Randy Savage, American professional wrestler (d. 2011) * November 16 – Shigeru Miyamoto, Japanese game designer * November 17 ** Ties Kruize, Dutch field hockey player ** Cyril Ramaphosa, President of South Africa *

** Delroy Lindo, British actor ** John Parr, English singer, songwriter and guitarist ** León Zuleta, Colombian LGBT activist and writer * November 23 – Sharon O'Neill, New Zealand singer-songwriter and pianist * November 24 – Ilja Richter, German actor, voice actor, television presenter, singer and author * November 28 – S. Epatha Merkerson, African-American actress (''Law & Order (franchise), Law and Order'') *

– John D. Barrow, English cosmologist, theoretical physicist and mathematician (d. 2020) * November 30 – Mandy Patinkin, American actor and singer

December

** Rick Scott, American politician, 45th Governor of Florida, U.S. Senator (Florida) ** Pegi Young, American singer, songwriter, educator, and philanthropist (d. 2019) * December 3 ** Bruno Jonas, German Kabarett artist, actor ** Mel Smith, British comedian (d. 2013) ** Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, Malaysian politician * December 6 ** Nicolas Bréhal, French novelist, literary critic ** Edward Etzel, American Olympic shooter ** Christian Kulik, Polish football player * December 8 – Khaw Boon Wan, Singaporean politician * December 9 – Michael Dorn, African-American actor (''Star Trek: The Next Generation'') * December 12 ** Herb Dhaliwal, Harbance Singh (Herb) Dhaliwal, Canadian politician ** Sarah Douglas (actress), Sarah Douglas, English actress * December 15 ** Julie Taymor, American film, stage and opera director, costume designer ** Hwang Woo-suk, South Korean biomedical scientist ** Allan Simonsen, Danish footballer and coach * December 16 – Joel Garner, West Indian cricketer *

** Jenny Agutter, English actress ** Faisal Al-Fayez, Prime Minister of Jordan ** Ray Bumatai, American actor, musician, singer and recording artist (d. 2005) *

– Youssouf Ouédraogo, 6th Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (d. 2017) *

– Riki Sorsa, Finnish singer (d. 2016) * December 27 ** David Knopfler, British musician ** Tovah Feldshuh, American actress * December 28 – Arun Jaitley, Indian politician (d. 2019) * December 29 – Külliki Saldre, Estonian actress * December 30 – June Anderson, American soprano

Deaths

January

– Henri Albert Hartmann, French surgeon (b. 1860) * January 4 – Constant Permeke, Belgian painter (b. 1886) * January 5 – Hristo Tatarchev, Bulgarian revolutionary (b. 1869) * January 8 – Antonia Maury, American astronomer (b. 1866) *

– Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, French general, posthumous Marshal of France (b. 1889) * January 18 – Curly Howard, American actor and comedian (''The Three Stooges'') (b. 1903) * January 19 – Archduke Maximilian Eugen of Austria (b. 1895) * January 25 ** Sveinn Björnsson, 1st President of Iceland (b. 1881) ** François Gagnepain, French botanist (b. 1866) ** Polly Moran, American actress (b. 1883) *

– Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Prime Minister of the Mongolian People's Republic (b. 1895) * January 27 – Fannie Ward, American actress (b. 1872) * January 28 ** Thomas Hicks (athlete), Thomas Hicks, American runner (b. 1876) ** Nicolae Constantin Batzaria, Ottoman statesman, Romanian writer (b. 1874)

February

* February 2 – Charles de Rochefort, French actor (b. 1879) * February 3 – Harold L. Ickes, United States Secretary of the Interior (b. 1874) *

– King George VI, George VI of the United Kingdom (b. 1895) *

– Philip G. Epstein, American screenwriter (b. 1909) * February 11 – Matija Murko, Yugoslav scholar (b. 1861) *

– Molly Malone (actress), Molly Malone, American actress (b. 1888) * February 17 – Edvige Carboni, Italian Roman Catholic laywoman, mystic and venerable (b. 1880) *

– Enrique Jardiel Poncela, Spanish playwright and novelist (b. 1901) * February 19 ** Lawrence Grant, British actor (b. 1870) ** Knut Hamsun, Norwegian author, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859) * February 20 – Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, 28th President of Ecuador (b. 1888) *

– Francis Xavier Ford, American Roman Catholic bishop, missionary, servant of God and reverend (b. 1892) *

** Theodoros Pangalos (general), Theodoros Pangalos, Greek general and politician, dictator and List of heads of state of Greece, President of Greece (b. 1878) ** Josef Thorak, Austrian-born German sculptor (b. 1889) * February 28 – Albert Forster, Gauleiter of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, Danzig during WW2 executed for war crimes (b. 1902)

March

* March 1 ** Masao Kume, Japanese playwright, novelist and poet (b. 1891) ** Gregory La Cava, American film director (b. 1892) * March 5 – Charles Scott Sherrington, Sir Charles Sherrington, British physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857) * March 7 – Paramahansa Yogananda, Indian guru (b. 1893) * March 9 – Alexandra Kollontai, Russian revolutionary (b. 1872) * March 12 – Hugh Herbert, American actor and comedian (b. 1885) * March 13 – Võ Thị Sáu, Vietnamese schoolgirl (b. 1933) * March 19 – Robert Guérin, French administrator, 1st President of FIFA (b. 1876) *

– Andries Jan Pieters, Dutch criminal (b. 1916) *

– D. S. Senanayake, 1st Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, Prime Minister of Ceylon (b. 1884) * March 26 – J. P. McGowan, J.P. McGowan, Australian actor and director (b. 1880) * March 30 – Sir Jigme Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (b. 1905) * March 31 ** Walter Schellenberg, German Nazi intelligence official (b. 1910) ** Roland West, American film director (b. 1885) ** Wallace H. White, Jr., American politician (b. 1877)

April

– Ferenc Molnár, Hungarian novelist and dramatist (b. 1878) * April 2 – Julio Enrique Moreno, acting President of Ecuador (b. 1879) * April 3 – Miina Sillanpää, Finnish politician (b. 1866) * April 5 – Charles Collett, British chief mechanical engineer (Great Western Railway) (b. 1871) *

– Tadeusz Estreicher, Polish cryogenics pioneer (b. 1871) * April 15 – Viktor Chernov, Russian revolutionary, leader of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, Russian Socialist Revolutionary Party (b. 1873) *April 21 ** Leslie Banks, British actor (b. 1890) ** Sir Stafford Cripps, British Labour politician, former Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1889) * April 27 – Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician (b. 1865) * April 29 – Manuel Portela Valladares, Spanish political figure (b. 1868)

May

* May 2 – Matrona Nikonova, Soviet Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox nun and saint (b. 1881) * May 5 – Alberto Savinio, Italian writer (b. 1891) *

– Maria Montessori, Italian educator (b. 1870) * May 7 – Juan Bautista Pérez, Venezuelan lawyer, magistrate and politician, 43rd President of Venezuela (b. 1869) * May 8 – William Fox (producer), William Fox, Austro-Hungarian-born film producer (b. 1879) * May 9 – Canada Lee, American actor and boxer (b. 1907) * May 10 – Clark L. Hull, American psychologist (b. 1884) * May 11 – Giovanni Tebaldini, Italian composer (b. 1864) *

** Albert Bassermann, German actor (b. 1867) ** Italo Montemezzi, Italian composer (b. 1875) * May 21 – John Garfield, American actor (b. 1913) * May 23 – Georg Schumann (composer), Georg Schumann, German composer (b. 1866)

June

** John Dewey, American philosopher (b. 1859) ** Malcolm St. Clair (filmmaker), Malcolm St. Clair, American filmmaker (b. 1897) * June 8 – Sergey Merkurov, Soviet sculptor (b. 1881) * June 9 – Luigi Puccianti, Italian physicist (b. 1875) *

** Hilda Hongell, Finnish architect (b. 1867) ** Frances Theodora Parsons, American naturalist (b. 1861) * June 12 – Michael von Faulhaber, German Cardinal Archbishop of Munich (b. 1869) *

– Emma Eames, American soprano (b. 1865) *

– Felix Calonder, Swiss politician, 36th President of the Swiss Confederation (b. 1863) *

– Krystyna Skarbek (aka Christine Granville), Polish-born British SOE operative during World War II (b. 1908) * June 17 – Jack Parsons (rocket engineer), Jack Parsons, American rocket engineer (b. 1914) * June 21 – Wop May, Canadian World War I pilot (d. 1896) * June 24 – George Pearce, Sir George Pearce, Australian politician (b. 1870) *

– Theodor Becker (actor), Theodor Becker, German actor (b. 1880) *

– Elmo Lincoln, American actor (b. 1889) * June 30 – Eugenio de Liguoro, Italian actor and director (b. 1899)

July

* July 3 – Carl Tanzler, German-born radiology technologist (b. 1877) * July 4 – Walter Long (actor), Walter Long, American actor (b. 1879) * July 5 – Alison Skipworth, British actress (b. 1863) * July 10 – Rued Langgaard, Danish composer and organist (b. 1893) *

– Pedro Lascuráin, Mexican diplomat, 34th

(b. 1856) *

** Edward Ellis (actor), Edward Ellis, American actor (b. 1870) ** Eva Perón, Argentine political leader, and First Lady to and partner in power of President Juan Perón (b. 1919) * July 31 – Waldemar Bonsels, German writer (b. 1880)

August

* August 2 – J. Farrell MacDonald, American actor (b. 1875) *

– Sameera Moussa, Egyptian nuclear scientist (b. 1917) * August 6 – Francis Pegahmagabow, Canadian military officer (b. 1889) *

– Peretz Markish, Soviet-born Israeli poet (b. 1895) *

** Alberto Hurtado, Chilean Jesuit priest and saint (b. 1901) ** Ralph Byrd, American actor (b. 1909) *

– Hiranuma Kiichirō, Japanese politician, 24th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1867) *

– Euphrasia Eluvathingal, Indian Carmelite nun and saint (b. 1877)

September

** José Vicente de Freitas, Portuguese military officer and politician, 98th Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1869) ** Gertrude Lawrence, English actress (b. 1898) * September 9 – Jonas H. Ingram, American admiral (b. 1886) * September 16 – Hugo Raudsepp, Estonian playwright (b. 1883) * September 22 – Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, Finnish jurist and academic, 1st President of Finland (b. 1865) * September 26 – George Santayana, Spanish writer (b. 1863) *

– Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor, American businessman and politician (b. 1879)

October

* October 4 ** Keith Murdoch, Sir Keith Murdoch, Australian journalist (b. 1885) ** Sylvia Beach, American publisher (b. 1887) * October 8 – Arturo Rawson, Argentine military officer and politician, 26th President of Argentina (b. 1885) * October 11 – Jack Conway (filmmaker), Jack Conway, American film producer and director (b. 1886) *

** Edward S. Curtis, American photographer, ethnologist, and film director (b. 1868) ** Ernst Streeruwitz, Austrian businessman and politician, 6th Chancellor of Austria (b. 1874) *

– Basil Radford, British actor (b. 1897) * October 21 – Juan Yagüe, Spanish general (b. 1891) * October 22 – Ernst Rüdin, Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist, and eugenicist (b. 1874) *

– Susan Peters, American actress (b. 1921) * October 25 – Sergei Bortkiewicz, Soviet Romantic music, Romantic composer and pianist (b. 1877) * October 26 ** Hattie McDaniel, American actress (b. 1893) ** Myrtle McAteer, American tennis player (b. 1878) * October 28 – Billy Hughes, Australian politician, 7th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1862)

November

Harold Innis public-domain library archives-canada

– Dixie Lee, American singer (b. 1909) * November 2 ** Mehmet Esat Bülkat, Ottoman general (b. 1862) ** Henry Edwards (actor), Henry Edwards, British actor (b. 1882) * November 3 – Louis Verneuil, French playwright and screenwriter (b. 1893) * November 8 – Harold Innis, Canadian communications scholar (b. 1894) * November 9 – Chaim Weizmann, Jewish biochemist, Zionist leader and Israeli statesman, 1st President of Israel (b. 1874) * November 15 ** Vasyl Krychevsky, Ukrainian painter (b. 1873) ** Vincent Scotto, French composer (b. 1874) *

– Paul Éluard, Paul Eluard, French poet (b. 1895) *

– Benedetto Croce, Italian critic, philosopher, and politician (b. 1866) * November 21 – Henriette Roland Holst, Dutch poet and socialist (b. 1869) * November 22 – Otto Dietrich, Nazi SS General (b. 1897) * November 25 – Antonio Guarnieri, Italian conductor (b. 1880) * November 26 – Sven Hedin, Swedish explorer, geographer and geopolitician (b. 1865) * November 28 – Elena of Montenegro, Queen of Italy, consort of Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III (b. 1869) *

– Vladimir Ipatieff, Soviet chemist (b. 1867)

December

– Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, Italian statesman, 23rd Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1860) * December 3 – Vladimír Clementis, Czechoslovak minister, politician, publicist, literary critic and author (b. 1902) * December 4 ** Giuseppe Antonio Borgese, Italian writer and journalist (b. 1882) ** Karen Horney, German psychoanalyst (b. 1885) * December 8 – Charles Lightoller, British merchant marine officer, second officer of RMS Titanic, RMS ''Titanic'' (b. 1874) * December 12 ** Billy Cook (criminal), Billy Cook, American criminal (b. 1928) ** Bedřich Hrozný, Bedrich Hrozný, Czech orientalist and linguist (b. 1879) *

** Teixeira de Pascoaes, Portuguese poet (b. 1877) ** Fartein Valen, Norwegian composer (b. 1887) * December 18 – Ernst Stromer, German paleontologist (b. 1871) *

** Bernardino Molinari, Italian conductor (b. 1880) ** Herman Sörgel, German architect (b. 1885) * December 27 – Henri Winkelman, Dutch general (b. 1876) * December 28 ** Carlo Agostini, Italian Roman Catholic prelate and reverend (b. 1871) ** Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Queen consort of Christian X of Denmark (b. 1879) * December 29 – Fletcher Henderson, American musician (b. 1897)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Felix Bloch, Edward Mills Purcell * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Archer John Porter Martin, Richard Laurence Millington Synge * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – Selman Waksman, Selman Abraham Waksman * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – François Mauriac * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace –

References

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