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Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
Adolfo Tomás Ruiz Cortines ( 30 December 1889 – 3 December 1973) was a Mexican politician who served as President of Mexico from 1952 to 1958. A member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), he previously served as Governor of Veracruz and Secretary of the Interior. During his presidency, which constituted the Mexican Miracle, women gained the right to vote, and he instigated numerous public health, education, infrastructure, and works projects. A member of the Constitutional Army, Ruiz Cortines was the last Mexican president to have fought in the Mexican Revolution. He worked at the Ministry of Industry and Commerce during the administration of Adolfo de la Huerta and served as an official in the Department of Statistics from 1921 to 1935. Ruiz Cortines joined the Institutional Revolutionary Party and became Senior Official of the Government of the Federal District in 1935 and member of the Chamber of Deputies for Veracruz in 1937. In 1939 he was appointed treas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miguel Alemán Valdés
Miguel Alemán Valdés (; 29 September 1900 – 14 May 1983) was a Mexican politician who served a full term as the President of Mexico from 1946 to 1952, the first civilian president after a string of revolutionary generals. His administration was characterized by Mexico's rapid industrialization, often called the Mexican Miracle, but also for a high level of personal enrichment for himself and his associates. His presidency was the first of a new generation of Mexican leaders who had not directly participated in the Mexican Revolution, and many in his cabinet were also young, university-educated civilians, close friends from his days at university. Early life and career Alemán was born in Sayula in the state of Veracruz,''Current Biography 1946 Yearbook'', p. 9. the son of revolutionary Gen. Miguel Alemán González and Tomasa Valdés Ledezma. Both had been married before, with Alemán González having a son by his first wife. They had two sons together, Carlos an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretariat Of Economy
In Mexico, the Secretariat of the Economy (Spanish Language, Spanish: ''Secretaría de Economía''; abbreviated "SE") is the Ministry (government department), government department in charge of matters related to the economy. The Secretary of the Economy is a member of the Mexican Executive Cabinet, federal executive cabinet appointed by the President of Mexico, President of the Republic. Until 2000 the name of the Secretariat of the Economy was the Secretary of Commerce and Industrial Development (Mexico), Secretariat of Commerce and Industrial Development (Secofi) but that name was changed when Vicente Fox acceded to the presidency. Secretaries of the Economy *, until November 30, 2012. *Ildefonso Guajardo Villarreal, December 1, 2012 – November 30, 2018. *Graciela Márquez Colín, December 1, 2018 – December 31, 2020. *Tatiana Clouthier, January 5, 2021 – October 6, 2022. *, October 7, 2022 – October 1, 2024 *Marcelo Ebrard, October 1, 2024 – References Externa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porfiriato
The Porfiriato or Porfirismo (, ), coined by Mexican historian Daniel Cosío Villegas, is a term given to the period when General Porfirio Díaz ruled Mexico under an Authoritarianism, authoritarian military dictatorship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Seizing power in Plan of Tuxtepec, a coup in 1876, Díaz pursued a policy of "order and progress," inviting foreign investment in Mexico and maintaining social and political order, by force if necessary. There were significant economic, technological, social, and cultural changes during this period. As Díaz approached his 80th birthday in 1910, having been continuously elected since 1884, he still had not put in place a plan for his succession. The fraudulent 1910 Mexican general election, 1910 elections are usually seen as the end of the Porfiriato. Violence broke out, Díaz was forced to resign and go into exile, and Mexico experienced a decade of regional civil war, the Mexican Revolution. Porfiriato as a histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regidor
A regidor (plural: ''regidores'') is a member of a council of municipalities in Spain and Latin America. Portugal also used to have the same office of ''regedor''. Mexico In Mexico, an ayuntamiento (municipal council) is composed of a municipal president (mayor), one or two '' síndicos'' (attorney general) and several regidores who meet in '' cabildo'' (council) sessions. A regidor is the community representative (commissioner) before the municipal government. The responsibilities of a regidor are: * To participate in council session and administer the interests of the municipality * To exert faculties of inspection and oversee the branches of public administration * To obtain information from the municipal president regarding the services offered by the different dependencies Some activities of a regidor are: * Propose or reform of municipal regulations * Vote on municipal affairs * To attend a commission assigned to them * Promote social participation * Propose measures fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andalusia
Andalusia ( , ; , ) is the southernmost autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Peninsular Spain, located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomous community in the country. It is officially recognized as a nationalities and regions of Spain, historical nationality and a national reality. The territory is divided into eight provinces of Spain, provinces: Province of Almería, Almería, Province of Cádiz, Cádiz, Province of Córdoba (Spain), Córdoba, Province of Granada, Granada, Province of Huelva, Huelva, Province of Jaén (Spain), Jaén, Province of Málaga, Málaga, and Province of Seville, Seville. Its capital city is Seville, while the seat of High Court of Justice of Andalusia, its High Court of Justice is the city of Granada. Andalusia is immediately south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha; west of the autonomous community of Region of Mur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Familia Ruiz Cortines
Familia may refer to: * ''Familia'', Latin designation of the family taxonomic rank * ''Familia'' (ancient Rome), a classical Roman household with a ''Pater familias'' * Familia, historical designation for a medieval household * The Spanish word for family People * Alexandre da Sagrada Família (1737–1818), Portuguese bishop of the Azores * Jeurys Familia (born 1989), Dominican professional baseball pitcher Cinema and television * ''Familia'' (1996 film), a 1996 Spanish-French film * ''Familia'' (2005 film), a 2005 Canadian film * ''Família'', a 2023 Japanese film directed by Izuru Narushima * '' Familia'', a 2023 Mexican film directed by Rodrigo García * ''Familia'' (2024 film), a 2024 Italian film by Francesco Costabile * " Familia", an episode of the American television drama ''Six Feet Under'' Music *''Família'', a 2013 album by Beth * ''Familia'' (Sophie Ellis-Bextor album), released in 2016 * ''Familia'' (Camila Cabello album), released in 2022 **"Familia", t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican Miracle
The Mexican miracle () is a term used to refer to the country's inward-looking development strategy that produced sustained economic growth. It is considered to be a golden age in Mexico's economy in which the Mexican economy grew 6.8% each year. It was a stabilizing economic plan which caused an average growth of 6.8% and industrial production to increase by 8% with inflation staying at only 2.5%. Beginning roughly in the 1940s, the Mexican government would begin to roll out the economic plan that they would call "the Mexican miracle," which would spark an economic boom beginning in 1954 spanning some 15 years and would last until 1970. In Mexico, the Spanish economic term used is "Desarrollo estabilizador" or "Stabilizing Development." Conditions for sustained growth An important factor helping sustained growth in the period 1940–1970 was the reduction of political turmoil, particularly around national elections, with the creation of a single, dominant party. In 1946, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austerity
In economic policy, austerity is a set of Political economy, political-economic policies that aim to reduce government budget deficits through Government spending, spending cuts, tax increases, or a combination of both. There are three primary types of austerity measures: higher taxes to fund spending, raising taxes while cutting spending, and lower taxes and lower government spending. Austerity measures are often used by governments that find it difficult to Government debt, borrow or meet their existing obligations to pay back loans. The measures are meant to reduce the budget deficit by bringing government revenues closer to expenditures. Proponents of these measures state that this reduces the amount of borrowing required and may also demonstrate a government's fiscal discipline to creditors and credit rating agencies and make borrowing easier and cheaper as a result. In most macroeconomic models, austerity policies which reduce government spending lead to increased unem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thirteenth Salary
A thirteenth salary, or end-of-year bonus, is an extra payment sometimes given to employees at the end of December. Although the amount of the payment depends on several factors, it usually matches an employee's monthly salary and can be paid in one or more installments (depending on the country). The thirteenth salary is most prominent in Latin America, where this payment is mandatory in most countries. In countries where the bonus is required by law, all employees usually receive it if they have worked for the company for a certain required amount of time. However, freelancers and contract workers are often not entitled to the 13th-month pay. Employees who have not worked for the company for a year often receive a prorated amount. History In Italy, the thirteenth-month bonus was initially named gratifica natalizia''' ("Christmas bonus"), and was a customary, but not obligatory, bonus given by employers to their employees before the Christmastide. It was legalized in the 193 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women's Suffrage
Women's suffrage is the women's rights, right of women to Suffrage, vote in elections. Several instances occurred in recent centuries where women were selectively given, then stripped of, the right to vote. In Sweden, conditional women's suffrage was in effect during the Age of Liberty (1718–1772), as well as in American Revolution, Revolutionary and early-independence Women's suffrage in New Jersey, New Jersey (1776–1807) in the US.Karlsson Sjögren, Åsa, ''Männen, kvinnorna och rösträtten: medborgarskap och representation 1723–1866'' [Men, women, and suffrage: citizenship and representation 1723–1866], Carlsson, Stockholm, 2006 (in Swedish). Pitcairn Islands, Pitcairn Island allowed women to vote for its councils in 1838. The Kingdom of Hawai'i, which originally had universal suffrage in 1840, rescinded this in 1852 and was subsequently annexed by the United States in 1898. In the years after 1869, a number of provinces held by the British Empire, British and Russi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Mexico
The current Constitution of Mexico, formally the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States (), was drafted in Santiago de Querétaro, in the State of Querétaro, Mexico, by a constituent convention during the Mexican Revolution. It was approved by the Constituent Congress on 5 February 1917, and was later amended several times. It is the successor to the Constitution of 1857, and earlier Mexican constitutions. "The Constitution of 1917 is the legal triumph of the Mexican Revolution. To some it is the revolution." The current Constitution of 1917 is the first such document in the world to set out social rights, serving as a model for the Weimar Constitution of 1919 and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Constitution of 1918. Some of the most important provisions are Articles 3, 27, and 123; adopted in response to the armed insurrection of popular classes during the Mexican Revolution, these articles display profound changes in Mexican politics that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1952 Mexican General Election
General elections were held in Mexico on 7 July 1952.Dieter Nohlen (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p453 The presidential elections were won by Adolfo Ruiz Cortines of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), who received 74.3% of the vote. In the Chamber of Deputies election, the PRI won 151 of the 161 seats. These were the last presidential elections in Mexico in which women were not allowed to vote. Campaign President Miguel Alemán Valdés appointed his Minister of the Interior, Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, as the PRI's presidential candidate. The coordinator of Ruiz Cortines's campaign was Adolfo López Mateos, who would later succeed him as president. Miguel Henríquez Guzmán, a former priísta who left the party in 1951, was nominated as the candidate of the Federation of the Mexican People's Parties. The National Action Party (PAN) nominated as their first-ever presidential candidate. Finally, the well-known union leader Vicente Lombardo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
