Josip Broz Tito Josip Broz ( sh-Cyrl, Јосип Броз, ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito ( ; , ), was a Yugoslavia, Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician who served in various positions of national leadership from 1943 unti ...

President of Yugoslavia The president of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the head of state of that country from 14 January 1953 to 4 May 1980. Josip Broz Tito was the only person to occupy the office. Tito was also concurrently President of the League ...

and

leader of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia The Party leader, leader of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) was first established as an office on 23 April 1919 under the name "Secretary of the Central Committee" (later renamed "Political Secretary of the Central Committee" at the ...

, died on 4 May 1980 following a prolonged illness. His state funeral was held four days later on 8 May, drawing a significant amount of statesmen from

Western Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that id ...

Eastern Eastern or Easterns may refer to: Transportation Airlines *China Eastern Airlines, a current Chinese airline based in Shanghai * Eastern Air, former name of Zambia Skyways *Eastern Air Lines, a defunct American airline that operated from 192 ...

and Non-Aligned countries across the world. The attendees included four kings, six princes, 22

prime minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...

s, 31

presidents President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *''Præsidenten ...

, and 47 ministers of foreign affairs. In total, 128 countries out of the 154 UN members at the time were represented. Also present were delegates from seven multilateral organizations, six movements and forty political parties. Tito had become increasingly ill throughout 1979. On 7 January and again on 11 January 1980, Tito was admitted to the University Medical Centre in

Ljubljana {{Infobox settlement , name = Ljubljana , official_name = , settlement_type = Capital city , image_skyline = {{multiple image , border = infobox , perrow = 1/2/2/1 , total_widt ...

, the capital city of

SR Slovenia The Socialist Republic of Slovenia (, sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Socijalistička Republika Slovenija, Социјалистичка Република Словенија), commonly referred to as Socialist Slovenia or simply Slovenia, was one ...

, with circulation problems in his legs. His left leg was

amputated Amputation is the removal of a limb or other body part by trauma, medical illness, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is ...

soon afterwards due to arterial blockages, and he died of

gangrene Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply. Symptoms may include a change in skin color to red or black, numbness, swelling, pain, skin breakdown, and coolness. The feet and hands are most commonly affected. If the ga ...

at the Medical Centre Ljubljana on 4 May 1980 at 3:05 pm, three days short of his 88th birthday. The ''Plavi voz'', Tito's personal train, brought his body to

Belgrade Belgrade is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin, Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. T ...

where it

lay in state Lying in state is the tradition in which the body of a deceased official, such as a head of state, is placed in a state building, either outside or inside a coffin, to allow the public to pay their respects. It traditionally takes place in a m ...

at the Federal Parliament building until the funeral. As Tito had been viewed as the central unifying figure of culturally, religiously diverse and throughout times ethnically antagonistic nations of Yugoslavia, his death is considered to be one of key catalysts for the dissolution and destruction of the Yugoslav state a mere decade later. Tito’s funeral is often seen as one of the largest funerals of all time, estimated at around 1 million people.

Illness

By 1979, Tito's health had declined rapidly, mainly due to an

arterial embolism Arterial embolism is a sudden interruption of blood flow to an organ or body part due to an embolus adhering to the wall of an artery blocking the flow of blood, the major type of embolus being a blood clot ( thromboembolism). Sometimes, pul ...

in his left leg. This embolism was a complication of his

diabetes Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough of the hormone insulin, or the cells of th ...

, which he had had for many years. In that year, he participated in the Havana Conference of the

Non-Aligned Movement The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 121 countries that Non-belligerent, are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. It was founded with the view to advancing interests of developing countries in the context of Cold W ...

and spent New Year's Eve in his residence in Karađorđevo. Throughout the televised event, Tito remained seated while exchanging greetings, causing concern to the watching audience. During this time ''Vila Srna'' was built for his use near

Morović Morović () is a village located in the municipality of Šid, Srem District, Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2011 census, it has a population of 1,744 inhabitants. History In the Middle Ages, Morović was a notable town, today known as the Morović For ...

in the event of his recovery. The first circulation problems in his left leg begun in the second half of December 1979. Tito refused to undergo any diagnostic procedure prior to the new year celebration. On January 3, 1980, Tito was admitted to the

Ljubljana University Medical Centre The Ljubljana University Medical Centre (, abb. ''UKC Ljubljana'') or Ljubljana UMC is the largest hospital centre in Slovenia based in Ljubljana. It was officially opened on 29 November 1975 and has over 2,100 beds and over 8,300 employees, mak ...

for tests on blood vessels in his leg. Two days later, after the

angiography Angiography or arteriography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart chambers. Modern angiography is perfo ...

, he was discharged to his residence in

Brdo Castle near Kranj Brdo Castle near Kranj (, ), usually simply Brdo Castle (), is an estate and a mansion in the Slovenian region of Upper Carniola west of the village of Predoslje, City Municipality of Kranj, northwest of Ljubljana. It is the Slovenian governmen ...

, with a recommendation for further intensive treatment. Angiography revealed that Tito's superficial

femoral artery The femoral artery is a large artery in the thigh and the main arterial supply to the thigh and leg. The femoral artery gives off the deep femoral artery and descends along the anteromedial part of the thigh in the femoral triangle. It enters ...

and

Achilles tendon The Achilles tendon or heel cord, also known as the calcaneal tendon, is a tendon at the back of the lower leg, and is the thickest in the human body. It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcane ...

artery were clogged. The medical council consisted of eight Yugoslav doctors,

Michael DeBakey Michael Ellis DeBakey (September 7, 1908 – July 11, 2008) was an American general and cardiovascular surgeon, scientist and medical educator who became Chairman of the Department of Surgery, President, and Chancellor of Baylor College of Medi ...

from the United States and Marat Knyazev from the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

. Following the advice of DeBakey and Knyazev, the medical team attempted an

arterial bypass Bypass surgery refers to a class of surgery involving rerouting a tubular body part. Types include: * Vascular bypass, Vascular bypass surgery such as coronary artery bypass surgery, a heart operation, in which the internal thoracic artery and g ...

. The first surgery was done in the night of January 12. At first, the operation appeared to have been a success, but after few hours, it became clear that the operation was not successful. Due to severe damage to the arteries, which led to the interruption of blood flow and accelerated tissue devitalization of the left leg, Tito's left leg was amputated on January 20, to prevent the spread of gangrene. When Tito was told about the required amputation, he resisted it as long as possible. Finally, after meeting with his sons, Žarko and Mišo, he agreed to the amputation. After the amputation, Tito's health improved and he began rehabilitation. On 28 January, he was transferred from the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery to the Department of Cardiology. In the first days of February his health had improved enough to allow him to perform some of his regular duties. By the beginning of January 1980, however, it became clear that Tito's life was in grave danger and Yugoslav political leadership secretly began preparations for his funeral. Tito's wish was that he be buried in the House of Flowers on

Dedinje Dedinje ( sr-cyrl, Дедиње, ) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Savski Venac. Dedinje is generally considered the wealthiest part of Belgrade, and is the site of numero ...

hill, that overlooks

. Moma Martinovic, a director for

Radio Television Belgrade The Serbian Broadcasting Corporation, more commonly referred to as Radio Television of Serbia (), or RTS (), is the state-owned public radio and television broadcaster of Serbia. RTS has four organizational units – radio, television, music pro ...

, was summoned by Dragoljub Stavrev, a vice president in the federal government, to devise plans for broadcasting the funeral. In late February, Tito's health suddenly took a turn to the worst. He suffered from

kidney failure Kidney failure, also known as renal failure or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. Kidney fa ...

and in March, his heart and lungs began to fail and in late April, he suffered a

stroke Stroke is a medical condition in which poor cerebral circulation, blood flow to a part of the brain causes cell death. There are two main types of stroke: brain ischemia, ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and intracranial hemorrhage, hemor ...

, whilst he was still in the hospital.

Death

Josip Broz Tito died in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at the University Medical Centre, Ljubljana on May 4, 1980, at 3:05 pm, due to complications of gangrene, three days before his 88th birthday. He died on the seventh floor, in a small room on the southeast corner. A commemorative inscription in the main hall later read "Pot do osvoboditve človeka bo še dolga, a bila bi daljša da ni živel Tito" (''"The fight for peoples liberation will be a long one, but would have been longer if Tito never lived"''). That inscription was later removed. Immediately upon learning of Tito's death, a full extraordinary session of both the

Presidency of Yugoslavia The Presidency of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, , , was the collective head of state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It was established in 1971 according to amendments to the 1963 Yugoslav Constitution, 1963 Co ...

and the

Presidency A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. Although often the executive branch of government, and often personified b ...

of the

Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia The Central Committee was the highest organ of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY), the ruling party of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, between two congresses, which it was elected by and reported to. An exception to this ...

was held in

starting at 6:00 pm, at which Tito's death was formally declared via a joint statement: After the declaration was read,

Stevan Doronjski Stevan Doronjski (26 September 1919 – 14 August 1981) was a Yugoslav civil servant from Serbia who served as President of the Presidency of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, the ruling party of the nation. Doronjski was born in 19 ...

(

President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia The leader of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) was first established as an office on 23 April 1919 under the name "Secretary of the Central Committee" (later renamed "Political Secretary of the Central Committee" at the 3rd Congress ...

) said, "Eternal glory be to the memory of our great leader and father of the revolution, President of Yugoslavia and General Secretary and President of the League, our comrade Josip Broz Tito''.''" At the same meeting, by the

1974 Yugoslav Constitution The 1974 Yugoslav Constitution was the fourth and final constitution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It came into effect on 21 February 1974. With 406 original articles, the 1974 constitution was one of the longest constitutio ...

, as amended, it was decided that

Lazar Koliševski Lazar Koliševski ( ; 12 February 1914 – 6 July 2000) was a Macedonians (ethnic group), Macedonian Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslav Communism, communist political leader in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia and briefly in th ...

, Vice President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia, would temporarily take the office of the

President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia The office of the president of the Presidency of Yugoslavia, Presidency of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, , existed from the Death and state funeral of Josip Broz Tito, death of the President of the Republic Josip Broz Tito on 4 M ...

, and that

Cvijetin Mijatović Cvijetin "Majo" Mijatović ( sr-cyr, Цвијетин Мајо Мијатовић; 8 January 1913 – 15 November 1993) was a Yugoslav communist politician who served as President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia from 1980 to 1981. He also ser ...

, a former member of the Presidency of

SR Bosnia and Herzegovina The Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Socijalistička Republika Bosna i Hercegovina, Социјалистичка Pепублика Босна и Херцеговина), commonly referred to as Socia ...

, would take Koliševski's place as state vice president. Following the LCY Statute as amended, former chairman of Presidency of Central Committee of League of Communists of Yugoslavia

assumed the post of President of the Presidency of the Central Committee of League of Communists of Yugoslavia. Immediately afterwards, the Federal Executive Council (government of Yugoslavia) decided to announce a week of national mourning across the country formally and cancelled all entertainment, cultural and sporting events. Many countries around the world declared periods of national mourning.

North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu River, Yalu (Amnok) an ...

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

Algeria Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to Algeria–Tunisia border, the northeast by Tunisia; to Algeria–Libya border, the east by Libya; to Alger ...

Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region. It is bordered by Uganda to the northwest; Kenya to the northeast; the Indian Ocean to the east; Mozambique and Malawi to t ...

, and

Burma Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and ha ...

announced seven days of mourning;

Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...

Cyprus Cyprus (), officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Situated in West Asia, its cultural identity and geopolitical orientation are overwhelmingly Southeast European. Cyprus is the List of isl ...

, and

Ghana Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It is situated along the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, and shares borders with Côte d’Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, and Togo to t ...

announced four days of mourning;

Jordan Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. Jordan is bordered by Syria to the north, Iraq to the east, Saudi Arabia to the south, and Israel and the occupied Palestinian ter ...

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

Iraq Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to Iraq–Saudi Arabia border, the south, Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq border, the east, the Persian Gulf and ...

Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...

Guinea Guinea, officially the Republic of Guinea, is a coastal country in West Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Guinea-Bissau to the northwest, Senegal to the north, Mali to the northeast, Côte d'Ivoire to the southeast, and Sier ...

and

Zambia Zambia, officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern and East Africa. It is typically referred to being in South-Central Africa or Southern Africa. It is bor ...

announced three days of mourning;

Angola Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of c ...

announced two days of mourning; and

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, separated from the Indian subcontinent, ...

declared one day of mourning.

Grief in the nation

Tito's death was sudden and unexpected for Yugoslavian citizens who were minding their usual weekend activities. Television broadcasters had their normal programming interrupted with a black screen for thirty seconds, before

Miodrag Zdravković Miodrag ( sr-Cyrl, Миодраг) is a South Slavic languages, South Slavic, for all purposes almost exclusively Serbia, Serbian, masculine given name, derived from ''mio'' ("tender, cute") and ''-drag, drag'' ("dear, precious"), both common in S ...

, newsreader of

, read the following announcement live: The same announcement was read out on the television stations of each constituent republic in their respective languages. On Sunday afternoons,

Yugoslav Television Yugoslav or Yugoslavian may refer to: * Yugoslavia, or any of the three historic states carrying that name: ** Kingdom of Yugoslavia, a European monarchy which existed 1918–1945 (officially called "Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes" 1918–1 ...

often broadcast

association football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 Football player, players who almost exclusively use their feet to propel a Ball (association football), ball around a rectangular f ...

games of the

Yugoslav First League The Yugoslav First League ( Bosnian: Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, sr-Cyrl-Latn, Прва савезна лига у фудбалу, Prva savezna liga u fudbalu, , , , , ) was the premier football league in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) ...

. That day, there was a

league League or The League may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Leagues'' (band), an American rock band * ''The League'', an American sitcom broadcast on FX and FXX about fantasy football * ''League of Legends'', a 2009 multiplayer online battle a ...

match in

Split Split(s) or The Split may refer to: Places * Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia * Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay * Split Island, Falkland Islands * Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua Arts, enter ...

between NK Hajduk Split and

FK Crvena Zvezda Fudbalski klub Crvena zvezda ( sr-cyrl, Фудбалски клуб Црвена звезда, lit=Red Star Football Club), commonly referred to as Crvena zvezda () and colloquially referred to as Red Star Belgrade in anglophone media, is a ...

. When the match was in its 41st minute, three men entered the

Poljud Stadium Gradski stadion u Poljudu (), better known as Stadion Poljud () or simply Poljud, is a multi-use stadium in Split, Croatia, which has been the home ground of Hajduk Split football club since 1979. The stadium is located in the neighbourhood of ...

pitch, signaling the

referee A referee is an official, in a variety of sports and competition, responsible for enforcing the rules of the sport, including sportsmanship decisions such as ejection. The official tasked with this job may be known by a variety of other title ...

to stop the match. Ante Skataretiko, the president of Hajduk, took the microphone and announced Tito's death. The announcement was followed by scenes of mass crying with some players such as

Zlatko Vujović Zlatko Vujović (; born 26 August 1958) is a Croatian retired footballer who played as a striker. His twin brother, Zoran, was also a professional footballer. They were both Yugoslav internationals, and both spent a large part of their prof ...

collapsing down to the ground and weeping. Players of both teams and referees aligned to stand for a moment of silence. Once the stadium announcer said "May he rest in peace", the entire stadium of 50,000 football fans spontaneously started to sing (). Two other games were also abandoned due to Tito's death:

Sarajevo Sarajevo ( ), ; ''see Names of European cities in different languages (Q–T)#S, names in other languages'' is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 2 ...

vs.

Osijek Osijek () is the fourth-largest city in Croatia, with a population of 96,848 in 2021. It is the largest city and the economic and cultural centre of the eastern Croatian region of Slavonia, as well as the administrative centre of Osijek-Baranja ...

and

Dinamo Zagreb Građanski nogometni klub Dinamo Zagreb (), commonly referred to as simply Dinamo Zagreb (), is a Croatian professional football club based in Zagreb. Dinamo play their home matches at Stadion Maksimir. They are the most successful club in Cr ...

vs. Željezničar. All three games were replayed on 21 May. Grief for the statesman's death was largely based on his place in the Yugoslav political scene. He had led the resistance movement against Axis occupation in the Second World War, helped create a socialist federation principled on '

brotherhood and unity Brotherhood and unity was a popular slogan of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia that was coined during the Yugoslav People's Liberation War (1941–45), and which evolved into a guiding principle of Yugoslavia's post-war inter-ethnic policy. ...

' of Yugoslav nations, stood for self-determination and political independence of post-war Yugoslavia from both

and

Eastern Bloc The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, the Workers Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was an unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were a ...

, co-initiated the

at the time of peak tensions of possible

nuclear warfare Nuclear warfare, also known as atomic warfare, is a War, military conflict or prepared Policy, political strategy that deploys nuclear weaponry. Nuclear weapons are Weapon of mass destruction, weapons of mass destruction; in contrast to conven ...

between the blocs; all of which contributed to his general popularity in the country and abroad.

State funeral

Tito's blue train Tito's ''Blue Train'' (; ; ; ) is the popular name of the former state luxury train of Yugoslav Marshal Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia, president of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia.„Службена ...

brought an empty coffin to the capital Belgrade, due to the bad condition of his deceased body. His remains were instead transferred to Belgrade by a

military helicopter A military helicopter is a helicopter that is either specifically designed for or converted for usage by a military. A military helicopter's mission is a function of its design or conversion. The most common use of military helicopters is airlif ...

. Tito was interred twice on May 8. The first interment was intended for cameras and dignitaries. The grave was shallow with only a replica of the sarcophagus. The second interment was held privately during the night. His coffin was removed, and the shallow grave was deepened. The coffin was enclosed with a copper mask and interred again into a much deeper grave which was sealed with cement and topped with a 9-ton sarcophagus. Communist officials were afraid that someone might steal the corpse, as had happened to

Charlie Chaplin Sir Charles Spencer Chaplin (16 April 188925 December 1977) was an English comic actor, filmmaker, and composer who rose to fame in the era of silent film. He became a worldwide icon through his screen persona, the Tramp, and is considered o ...

. However, the nine-ton sarcophagus had to be put in place with a crane, which would make the funeral unattractive. In stark contrast to the pageantry of the funeral, Tito's tomb was constructed of marble with a simple inscription that states JOSIP BROZ TITO 1892–1980. It did not incorporate a red star or any emblem linked to communism. Historians stated that the burial location, which was the garden of the place he lived during the post-war years more popularly known as the House of Flowers, was selected according to Tito's wishes. The House of Flowers, together with the

Museum of Yugoslavia The Museum of Yugoslavia () is a public history museum in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It chronicles the period of Kingdom of Yugoslavia and Socialist Yugoslavia as well as the life of Josip Broz Tito. Tito's grave is located in one of the muse ...

, has since become a tourist destination and landmark of Belgrade visited by millions of people. The pomp and scale of the funeral had been widely documented and the event was a source of pride for the country for years to come. On the fifteenth anniversary of his death in 1995, the Croatian newspaper Arkzin noted that "turbulent times still do not allow for a truly historical assessment of his stature and achievements, but the appraisal which the world showed those days in May 1980, confirms that small nations and small states may produce world giants."

Foreign dignitaries

Tito's funeral drew many statesmen to Belgrade. Two notably absent statesmen were

President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal government of t ...

Jimmy Carter James Earl Carter Jr. (October 1, 1924December 29, 2024) was an American politician and humanitarian who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party ...

and

First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba The First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba is the Supreme leader, top leader of Cuba. The First Secretary is the highest office within the Communist Party of Cuba as well as ranking first in the Politburo of the C ...

Fidel Castro Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban politician and revolutionary who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and President of Cuba, president ...

. His death came just as the

1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...

had ended the American-Soviet

détente ''Détente'' ( , ; for, fr, , relaxation, paren=left, ) is the relaxation of strained relations, especially political ones, through verbal communication. The diplomacy term originates from around 1912, when France and Germany tried unsucces ...

. Yugoslavia, though a communist state, was non-aligned during the

Cold War The Cold War was a period of global Geopolitics, geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, which lasted from 1947 unt ...

due to the Tito-Stalin split in 1948. After learning that

Chinese Communist Party The Communist Party of China (CPC), also translated into English as Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP emerged victorious in the ...

chairman

Hua Guofeng Hua Guofeng (born Su Zhu (); 16 February 1921 – 20 August 2008) was a Chinese politician who served as chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and the 2nd premier of China. The designated successor of Mao Zedong, Hua held the top offices of t ...

would lead the

Chinese Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **'' Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic ...

delegation, the ailing

Soviet general secretary The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. was the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). From 1924 until the country's dissolution in 1991, the officeholder was the recognize ...

Leonid Brezhnev Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (19 December 190610 November 1982) was a Soviet politician who served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964 until Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev, his death in 1982 as w ...

decided to lead his nation's delegation. In order to avoid meeting Brezhnev whilst in the middle of his campaign for the

1980 United States presidential election United States presidential election, Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 4, 1980. In a landslide victory, the Republican Party (United States), Republican ticket of former California governor Ronald Reagan and form ...

, Carter opted to send his mother

Lilian Carter Bessie Lillian Carter ( Gordy; August 15, 1898 – October 30, 1983) was an American nurse. Carter's son, Jimmy Carter, served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. She was also known for her contributions as a Peace Corps ...

and

Vice President A vice president or vice-president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vi ...

Walter Mondale Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale (January 5, 1928April 19, 2021) was the 42nd vice president of the United States serving from 1977 to 1981 under President Jimmy Carter. He previously served as a U.S. senator from Minnesota from 1964 to 1976. ...

as heads of the US delegation. After realizing that leaders of all

Warsaw Pact The Warsaw Pact (WP), formally the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), was a Collective security#Collective defense, collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Polish People's Republic, Poland, between the Sovi ...

nations would attend the funeral, Carter's decision was criticized by presidential candidate

George H. W. Bush George Herbert Walker BushBefore the outcome of the 2000 United States presidential election, he was usually referred to simply as "George Bush" but became more commonly known as "George H. W. Bush", "Bush Senior," "Bush 41," and even "Bush th ...

as a sign that the United States "inferentially slams Yugoslavs at time that country has pulled away from Soviet Union". Carter visited Yugoslavia later in June 1980 and made a visit to Tito's grave.

Helmut Schmidt Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt (; 23 December 1918 – 10 November 2015) was a German politician and member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), who served as the chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982. He was the longest ...

, chancellor of West Germany, was highly active at the funeral, meeting with Brezhnev,

East Germany East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from Foundation of East Germany, its formation on 7 October 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on ...

Erich Honecker Erich Ernst Paul Honecker (; 25 August 1912 – 29 May 1994) was a German communist politician who led the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1971 until shortly before the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989. He held the post ...

, and

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

Edward Gierek Edward Gierek (; 6 January 1913 – 29 July 2001) was a Polish communist politician who served as the '' de facto'' leader of the Polish People's Republic between 1970 and 1980. Gierek replaced Władysław Gomułka as the First Secretary of the ...

. British prime minister

Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013), was a British stateswoman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party (UK), Leader of th ...

sought to rally world leaders in order to harshly condemn the Soviet invasion. While she was in Belgrade, she held talks with

Kenneth Kaunda Kenneth Kaunda (28 April 1924 – 17 June 2021), also known as KK, was a Zambian politician who served as the first president of Zambia from 1964 to 1991. He was at the forefront of the struggle for independence from Northern Rhodesia, British ...

, Schmidt,

Francesco Cossiga Francesco Maurizio Cossiga (; , ; 1928 – 2010)
. was an Italian politician who served as President of ...

, and

Nicolae Ceaușescu Nicolae Ceaușescu ( ; ; – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian politician who was the second and last Communism, communist leader of Socialist Romania, Romania, serving as the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 u ...

. Brezhnev met with

Kim Il Sung Kim Il Sung (born Kim Song Ju; 15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994) was a North Korean politician and the founder of North Korea, which he led as its first Supreme Leader (North Korean title), supreme leader from North Korea#Founding, its establishm ...

and Honecker.

James Callaghan Leonard James Callaghan, Baron Callaghan of Cardiff ( ; 27 March 191226 March 2005) was a British statesman and Labour Party (UK), Labour Party politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979 and Leader of the L ...

, leader of the British Labour Party, explained his presence in Belgrade as an attempt to warm relations between his party and Yugoslav communists, which was severed more than a decade ago after dissident

Milovan Đilas Milovan Djilas (; sr-Cyrl-Latn, Милован Ђилас, Milovan Đilas, ; 12 June 1911 – 20 April 1995) was a Yugoslav communist politician, theorist and author. He was a key figure in the Partisan movement during World War II, as well ...

was welcomed by Jennie Lee, Minister for the Arts under

Harold Wilson James Harold Wilson, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx (11 March 1916 – 23 May 1995) was a British statesman and Labour Party (UK), Labour Party politician who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, from 1964 to 1970 and again from 197 ...

. Mondale avoided the Soviets, ignoring Brezhnev while passing close to him. Soviet and Chinese delegations also avoided each other. During the funeral,

Yasser Arafat Yasser Arafat (4 or 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), also popularly known by his Kunya (Arabic), kunya Abu Ammar, was a Palestinian political leader. He was chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1969 to 2004, Presid ...

tapped on the shoulder of

, after which she swung and shook his hand. Thatcher later stated that she could never forgive herself for shaking his hand.

List of delegations

Source:

Sovereign states

= Heads of state

= The following delegations were led by their respective

heads of state A head of state is the public persona of a sovereign state.#Foakes, Foakes, pp. 110–11 "

he head of state He or HE may refer to: Language * He (letter), the fifth letter of the Semitic abjads * He (pronoun), a pronoun in Modern English * He (kana), one of the Japanese kana (へ in hiragana and ヘ in katakana) * Ge (Cyrillic), a Cyrillic letter cal ...

being an embodiment of the State itself or representative of its international persona." The name given to the office of head of sta ...

: *:

Chadli Bendjedid Chadli Bendjedid (; ALA-LC: ''ash-Shādhilī bin Jadīd''; 14 April 1929 – 6 October 2012) was an Algerian military officer and politician who served as the third President of Algeria. His presidential term of office ran from 9 February 1979 ...

(

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...

Mohammed Seddik Benyahia Mohammed Seddik Benyahia or Ben Yahia (; January 30, 1932 – May 3, 1982) was an Algerian politician and a militant nationalist during the war in Algeria. After independence he was Minister of Information (1967–1971), Higher Education (19 ...

(Minister of Foreign Affairs) *:

Rudolf Kirchschläger Rudolf Kirchschläger, GColIH (; 20 March 1915 – 30 March 2000) was an Austrian diplomat, politician and judge. From 1974 to 1986, he served as the president of Austria. Early life and education Born in Niederkappel, Upper Austria, Kirschl ...

(

Bruno Kreisky Bruno Kreisky (; 22 January 1911 – 29 July 1990) was an Austrian social democratic politician who served as foreign minister from 1959 to 1966 and as chancellor from 1970 to 1983. Aged 72, he was the oldest chancellor after World War II. Kr ...

( Federal Chancellor),

Willibald Pahr Willibald P. Pahr (born in Vienna on 5 June 1930) is an Austrian politician and diplomat. Biography From 1976 to 1983, he was Austrian Minister of Foreign Affairs, from 1983 to 1986 he served as ambassador to Germany. From 1986 to 1989 he held ...

(

Foreign Minister In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral r ...

) *:

Ziaur Rahman Ziaur Rahman (19 January 193630 May 1981) was a Bangladeshi military officer and politician who served as the sixth president of Bangladesh from 1977 until Assassination of Ziaur Rahman, his assassination in 1981. One of the leading figures of t ...

(

), Muhammad Shamsul Haque (

Minister of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and foreign relations, relations, diplomacy, bilateralism, ...

) *:

King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...

Baudouin Baudouin () is a French masculine given name and surname, related to Baldwin. Notable people with the name include: Given name * Baudouin of Belgium (1930–1993), King of the Belgians from 1951–1993 * Prince Baudouin of Belgium (1869–1891), ...

Wilfried Martens Wilfried Achiel Emma Martens (; 19 April 1936 – 9 October 2013) was a Belgian politician who served as prime minister of Belgium from 1979 to 1981 and from 1981 to 1992. A member of the Flemish Christian Democratic and Flemish, Christian People ...

(

Prime Minister A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. A prime minister is not the head of state, but r ...

Henri Simonet Henri François Simonet (10 May 1931 – 15 February 1996) was a Belgian politician. Born in Brussels, Henri Simonet studied law and economics at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ULB and then went to Columbia University as CRB Graduate ...

(

) *

Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...

Todor Zhivkov Todor Hristov Zhivkov ( ; 7 September 1911 – 5 August 1998) was a Bulgarians, Bulgarian communist statesman who served as the ''de facto'' leader of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (PRB) from 1954 until 1989 as General Secretary of the Cen ...

( Chairman of the State Council) *:

Edward Schreyer Edward Richard Schreyer (born December 21, 1935) is a Canadian politician, diplomat, and statesman who served as the 22nd governor general of Canada from 1979 to 1984. He previously served as the 16th premier of Manitoba from 1969 to 1977. Schr ...

(

Governor General Governor-general (plural governors-general), or governor general (plural governors general), is the title of an official, most prominently associated with the British Empire. In the context of the governors-general and former British colonies, ...

Jean Marchand Jean Marchand (December 20, 1918 – August 28, 1988) was a French Canadian public figure, trade unionist and politician in Quebec, Canada. Life and career During the 1949 Asbestos Strike in Quebec, Marchand led the striking workers as s ...

( Speaker of the Senate) *

Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia ( ; Czech language, Czech and , ''Česko-Slovensko'') was a landlocked country in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland beca ...

Gustáv Husák Gustáv Husák ( , ; ; 10 January 1913 – 18 November 1991) was a Czechoslovak politician who served as the long-time First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1969 to 1987 and the President of Czechoslovakia from 1975 ...

(

Miloš Jakeš Miloš Jakeš (12 August 1922 – 10 July 2020) was a Czech communist politician. He was General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1987 until 1989. He resigned from his position in late November 1989, amid the Velvet Revo ...

(First Secretary of the Communist Party),

Bohuslav Chňoupek Bohuslav Chňoupek (10 August 1925 – 28 May 2004) was a Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovak politician, journalist and writer. He was one of the most visible representatives of the Communist regime after the defeat of the Prague Spring (Normalization ( ...

( Ministers of Foreign Affairs) *

Ethiopia Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...

Mengistu Haile Mariam Mengistu Haile Mariam (, pronunciation: ; born 21 May 1937) is an Ethiopian former politician, revolutionary, and military officer who served as the head of state of Ethiopia from 1977 to 1991. He was General Secretary of the Workers' Party o ...

( Chairman of the Derg) *:

Urho Kekkonen Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (; 3 September 1900 – 31 August 1986), often referred to by his initials UKK, was a Finnish politician who served as the eighth and longest-serving president of Finland from 1956 to 1982. He also served as Prime Minister ...

(

Paavo Väyrynen Paavo Matti Väyrynen (; born 2 September 1946) is a Finland, Finnish Politics of Finland, politician who has served, among other things, as Minister for Foreign Affairs (Finland), Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1977 to 1982, and again from 198 ...

(

) *:

Konstantinos Tsatsos Konstantinos D. Tsatsos (; July 1, 1899 – October 8, 1987) was a Greek diplomat, professor of law, scholar and politician. He served as the List of heads of state of Greece#Third Hellenic Republic (since 1974), second President of Greece, Pr ...

(

Agamemnon Gratzios Agamemnon Gratzios or Gratsios (, 28 February 1922 – 11 August 1993) was a Hellenic Army officer who rose to the rank of full General, and held the posts of Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff and of the Hellenic National Defence General Sta ...

( Chief of the National Defence General Staff) *:

Ahmed Sékou Touré Ahmed Sékou Touré (var. Sheku Turay or Ture; N'Ko: ; 9 January 1922 – 26 March 1984) was a Guinean political leader and African statesman who was the first president of Guinea from 1958 until his death in 1984. Touré was among the primary ...

(

Moussa Diakité Moussa Diakité may refer to: * Moussa Diakité (politician) (1927-1985), Guinean politician * Moussa Kemoko Diakité (born 1940), Guinean film director * Moussa Diakité (footballer, born 1998), Malian football midfielder for JS Kairouan * Moussa ...

(Foreign minister) *:

Luís Cabral Luís Severino de Almeida Cabral (11 April 1931 – 30 May 2009) was a Bissau-Guinean politician who was the first President of Guinea-Bissau. He served from 1974 to 1980, when a military ''coup d'état'' led by João Bernardo Vieira deposed h ...

(

Constantino Teixeira Constantino Teixeira (died 1988 in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau) was a Bissau-Guinean politician who was Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau, officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, is a country in West Africa that covers with an estim ...

(Commissar of Internal Affairs) *

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

János Kádár János József Kádár (; ; né Czermanik; 26 May 1912 – 6 July 1989) was a Hungarian Communist leader and the General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, a position he held for 32 years. Declining health led to his retireme ...

(General Secretary of the

Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party The Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (, , MSZMP) was the ruling Marxist–Leninist party of the Hungarian People's Republic between 1956 and 1989. It was organised from elements of the Hungarian Working People's Party during the Hungaria ...

) *

Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 until Saddam Hussein statue destruction, his overthrow in 2003 during the 2003 invasion of Ira ...

(

Sa'dun Hammadi Sa'dun Hammadi (22 June 1930 – 14 March 2007; ) was an Iraqi politician, writer and economist who held various positions in the Iraqi state, most notably as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1974 to 1983, and later as the longest serving S ...

(Foreign Minister) *:

Patrick Hillery Patrick John Hillery (; 2 May 1923 – 12 April 2008) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as the sixth president of Ireland from December 1976 to December 1990. He also served as vice-president of the European Commission and Europea ...

(

George Colley George Colley (18 October 1925 – 17 September 1983) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Tánaiste from 1977 to 1981, Minister for Energy from 1980 to 1981, Minister for Tourism and Transport from 1979 to 1980, Minister for ...

(

Tánaiste The Tánaiste ( , ) is the second-ranking member of the government of Ireland and the holder of its second-most senior office. It is the equivalent of the deputy prime minister in other parliamentary systems. The Tánaiste is appointed by the P ...

) *:

Sandro Pertini Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio "Sandro" Pertini (; 25 September 1896 – 24 February 1990) was an Italian socialist politician and statesman who served as President of Italy from 1978 to 1985. Early life Born in Stella (province of Savona) as t ...

(

Francesco Cossiga Francesco Maurizio Cossiga (; , ; 1928 – 2010)
. was an Italian politician who served as President of ...

(

Oddo Biasini Oddo Biasini (13 May 1917 – 8 July 2009) was an Italian politician. He was a Italian partisan, partisan during the Second World War and a prominent member of the Italian Republican Party. Biography Biasini graduated in letters at the Universit ...

(

Minister of Culture A culture minister or a heritage minister is a common cabinet position in governments. The culture minister is typically responsible for cultural policy, which often includes arts policy (direct and indirect support to artists and arts organiza ...

) *:

Hussein Hussein, Hossein, Hussain, Hossain, Huseyn, Husayn, Husein, Hussin, Hoessein, Houcine, Hocine or Husain (; ), coming from the triconsonantal root Ḥ-S-N (), is an Arabic name which is the diminutive of Hassan, meaning "good", "handsome" or ...

Abdelhamid Sharaf Abdelhamid Sharaf (; 8 July 1939 – 3 July 1980), was a Jordanian politician born in Iraq who served as the 24th Prime Minister of Jordan from December 1979 until his death of a heart attack after seven months in office. King Hussein announced t ...

(

) *:

Spyros Kyprianou Spyros Achilleos Kyprianou (; 28 October 1932 – 12 March 2002) was a Cypriot barrister and politician, who served as President of Cyprus from 1977 to 1988. He also served as President of the Cypriot House of Representatives from 1976 to 19 ...

(

Nicos A. Rolandis Nicos A. Rolandis (10 December 1934 – 27 May 2021) was a Cypriot politician. He variously served as a Member of parliament, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, and the Minister of Trade, Industry, and Tourism. Biography Rolandis was born in ...

(

) *:

(

General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea The general secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea () is the party leader, leader of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK), the ruling party in North Korea, and the Supreme Leader (North Korean title), country's supreme leader. Charter of the Wor ...

and

Ho Dam Ho Dam (; MR: Hŏ Dam; March 6, 1929 – May 11, 1991) was a prominent North Korean politician and diplomat who served as the country's Foreign Minister from 1970 to 1983. Over his career, Ho Dam held several key positions within the North Kore ...

(

O Jin-u O Jin-u (; March 8, 1917 – February 25, 1995) was a North Korean general and politician. He was a close associate of Kim Il Sung. O served under Kim in the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army, and then as commander of Kim's bodyguard. He was a ...

(

Minister of Defence A ministry of defence or defense (see spelling differences), also known as a department of defence or defense, is the part of a government responsible for matters of defence and military forces, found in states where the government is divid ...

) *

Democratic Kampuchea Democratic Kampuchea was the official name of the Cambodian state from 1976 to 1979, under the government of Pol Pot and the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK), commonly known as the Khmer Rouge. The Khmer Rouge's capture of the capital Phno ...

Khieu Samphan Khieu Samphan (; born 28 July 1931) is a Cambodian former communist politician and economist who was the chairman of the state presidium of Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) from 1976 until 1979. As such, he served as Cambodia's head of state a ...

(

President of the State Presidium This is a list of Head of state, heads of state of Cambodia from the accession of Monarchy of Cambodia, King Norodom of Cambodia, Norodom on 19 October 1860 to the present day. It lists various heads of state which served in the Modern Cambodia, ...

and

), Teng Sang (Vice President) **Note: This delegation represented the UN-recognized government of Cambodia (

), although in 1980 Cambodia was ''de facto'' ruled as the

People's Republic of Kampuchea The People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK) was a partially recognised state in Southeast Asia which existed from 1979 to 1989. It was a satellite state of Vietnam, founded in Cambodia by the Vietnamese-backed Kampuchean United Front for Nationa ...

. *:

Jean Jean may refer to: People * Jean (female given name) * Jean (male given name) * Jean (surname) Fictional characters * Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character * Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations * J ...

(

Grand Duke Grand duke (feminine: grand duchess) is a European hereditary title, used either by certain monarchs or by members of certain monarchs' families. The title is used in some current and former independent monarchies in Europe, particularly: * in ...

Gaston Thorn Gaston Egmond Thorn (3 September 192826 August 2007) was a Luxembourgish politician who served in a number of high-profile positions, both domestically and internationally. He most prominently served as prime minister of Luxembourg (1974–19 ...

(

and

Deputy Prime Minister A deputy prime minister or vice prime minister is, in some countries, a Minister (government), government minister who can take the position of acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent. The position is often likened to th ...

) *:

Moussa Traoré Moussa Traoré (25 September 1936 – 15 September 2020) was a Malian military officer, politician, and dictator who served as the second President of Mali from 1968 to 1991. As a lieutenant, he led the military ousting of President Modibo Ke� ...

(

), Alioune Blondin Beye (

) *: Anton Buttigieg (

) *:

( General Secretary of the Central Committee and the Chairman of the State Council),

Oskar Fischer Oskar Fischer (12 April 1876 – 28 February 1942) was a Czech academic, psychiatrist and neuropathologist whose studies on dementia and Alzheimer's disease were rediscovered in 2008. Early life and education Fischer was born into a German ...

(

Manfred Flegel ''Manfred: A dramatic poem'' is a closet drama written in 1816–1817 by Lord Byron. It contains supernatural elements, in keeping with the popularity of the ghost story in England at the time. It is a typical example of Gothic fiction. Byro ...

(Deputy Chairmen of the

Council of Ministers Council of Ministers is a traditional name given to the supreme Executive (government), executive organ in some governments. It is usually equivalent to the term Cabinet (government), cabinet. The term Council of State is a similar name that also m ...

) *:

Karl Carstens Karl Carstens (; 14 December 1914 – 30 May 1992) was a German politician. He served as the president of West Germany from 1979 to 1984. Early life and education Carstens was born in the City of Bremen, the son of a commercial school teacher, ...

(

Chancellor Chancellor () is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the (lattice work screens) of a basilica (court hall), which separa ...

Hans-Dietrich Genscher Hans-Dietrich Genscher (21 March 1927 – 31 March 2016) was a German statesman and a member of the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP), who served as Federal Minister of the Interior from 1969 to 1974, and as Federal Minister for Foreign Affa ...

(

) *:

Olav V Olav V (, ; born Prince Alexander of Denmark; 2 July 1903 – 17 January 1991) was King of Norway from 1957 until his death in 1991. Olav was born at Sandringham House in England, the only child of Prince Carl of Denmark and Princess Maud o ...

Odvar Nordli Odvar Nordli (; 3 November 1926 – 9 January 2018) was a Norway, Norwegian politician from the Det norske Arbeiderparti, Labour Party. He was the prime minister of Norway from 1976 to 1981 during the Cold War. Before serving as prime minister, No ...

(

) *:

Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (12 August 192417 August 1988) was a Pakistani military officer and statesman who served as the sixth president of Pakistan from 1978 until Death of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, his death in an airplane crash in 1988. He also se ...

(

), Riaz Piracha ( Foreign Secretary) *:

Aristides Royo Arístides Royo Sánchez (born August 14, 1940) is a Panamanian politician who was 23rd President of Panama from October 11, 1978 to July 31, 1982, when he was pressured to resign by the military. He served as Minister of Canal Affairs until 20 ...

(

), Carlos Osores (

) *:

(

First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party The Polish United Workers' Party (, ), commonly abbreviated to PZPR, was the communist party which ruled the Polish People's Republic as a one-party state from 1948 to 1989. The PZPR had led List of political parties in Poland, two other legall ...

Wojciech Jaruzelski Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski ( ; ; 6 July 1923 – 25 May 2014) was a Polish military general, politician and ''de facto'' leader of the Polish People's Republic from 1981 until 1989. He was the First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party ...

( Minister of National Defence) *:

António Ramalho Eanes António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes (born 25 January 1935) is a Portuguese general and politician who was the 16th president of Portugal from 1976 to 1986. Background Born at Alcains, Castelo Branco, he is the son of Manuel dos Santos Eanes, ...

(

Francisco de Sá Carneiro Francisco is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the masculine given name ''Franciscus''. Meaning of the name Francisco In Spanish, people with the name Francisco are sometimes nicknamed " Paco". San Francisco de Asís was known as ''Pater Comm ...

(

) *

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

(

Ilie Verdeț Ilie Verdeț (; 10 May 1925 – 20 March 2001) was a Romanian communist politician who served as Romania’s Prime Minister from 1979 to 1982. Biography Born in Comănești, Bacău County, and a miner from age 12, he joined the Romanian Com ...

(

Ștefan Andrei Ștefan Andrei (; 29 March 1931 – 31 August 2014) was a Romanian communist politician who served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Romania from 1978 to 1985. He was arrested after the 1989 overthrow of the Nicolae Ceaușescu regime. E ...

(

) *:

Pietro Chiaruzzi Pietro is an Italian masculine given name. Notable people with the name include: People * Pietro I Candiano (c. 842–887), briefly the 16th Doge of Venice * Pietro Tribuno (died 912), 17th Doge of Venice, from 887 to his death * Pietro II C ...

and

Primo Marani Primo may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Primo, sitting on the right side of the secondo in music for piano four hands * Primo!, an Australian band * ''Primo'' (film), a 2005 film recording of Antony Sher's play ''Primo'' *Primo, or ba ...

(

Captains Regent Captains Regent (; ) are the two Head of state, heads of state of the San Marino, Republic of San Marino. They are elected every six months by the Grand and General Council, the country's Legislature, legislative body. Normally the Regents are c ...

) *:

( General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party,

Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet The Constitution of the Soviet Union recognised the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (between 1938 and 1989) and the earlier Central Executive Committee (CEC) of the Congress of Soviets (between 1922 and 1938) as the highest organs of state author ...

Andrei Gromyko Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko ( – 2 July 1989) was a Soviet politician and diplomat during the Cold War. He served as Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union), Minister of Foreign Affairs (1957–1985) and as List of heads of state of the So ...

(

Ministry of Foreign Affairs In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral r ...

) *:

Carl XVI Gustaf Carl XVI Gustaf (Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus; born 30 April 1946) is King of Sweden. Having reigned since 1973, he is the longest-reigning monarch in Swedish history. Carl Gustaf was born during the reign of his paternal great-grandfather, K ...

Ola Ullsten Stig Kjell Olof "Ola" Ullsten (23 June 1931 – 28 May 2018) was a Swedish politician and diplomat who was Prime Minister of Sweden from 1978 to 1979 and leader of the Liberal People's Party from 1978 to 1983. He also served as Deputy Prime ...

(

Minister for Foreign Affairs In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral re ...

) *:

Hafez al-Assad Hafez al-Assad (6 October 193010 June 2000) was a Syrian politician and military officer who was the president of Syria from 1971 until Death and state funeral of Hafez al-Assad, his death in 2000. He was previously the Prime Minister of Syria ...

(

Abdul Halim Khaddam Abdul Halim Khaddam ( ; ; 15 September 1932 – 31 March 2020) was a Syrian politician who served as interim President of Syria in 2000 as well as the Vice President of Syria and the Syrian High Commissioner to Lebanon from 1984 to 2005. He was ...

(

and

) *:

Julius Nyerere Julius Kambarage Nyerere (; 13 April 1922 – 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian politician, anti-colonial activist, and political theorist. He governed Tanganyika (1961–1964), Tanganyika as prime minister from 1961 to 1962 and then as presid ...

(

Benjamin Mkapa Benjamin William Mkapa (12 November 193823 July 2020) was the third president of Tanzania, in office from 1995 to 2005. He was Chairman of the Revolutionary State Political Party (Chama Cha Mapinduzi, CCM). Early life Mkapa was born in Lupaso, ...

(

) *:

Gnassingbé Eyadéma Gnassingbé Eyadéma (; born Étienne Eyadéma Gnassingbé, 26 December 1935 – 5 February 2005) was a Togolese military officer and politician who served as the third president of Togo from 1967 until his death in 2005, after which he was immed ...

(

) * :

(

Wilson M. Chakulya Wilson may refer to: People *Wilson (name) ** List of people with given name Wilson ** List of people with surname Wilson * Wilson (footballer, 1927–1998), Brazilian manager and defender *Wilson (footballer, born 1984), full name Wilson Ro ...

(

)

= Deputy heads of state

= The following delegations were headed by deputies to heads of state (including vice presidents) or representatives of monarchs: *:

Carlos Rafael Rodríguez Carlos Rafael Rodríguez Rodríguez (May 23, 1913 – December 8, 1997) was a Cuban Communist politician and economist, who served in the cabinets of presidents Fulgencio Batista and Fidel Castro. Born in Cienfuegos, he became mayor of the city ...

(Vice President of the

Council of State A council of state is a governmental body in a country, or a subdivision of a country, with a function that varies by jurisdiction. It may be the formal name for the cabinet or it may refer to a non-executive advisory body associated with a head ...

), Isidoro Malmierca Peoli (

) *:

Henrik Henrik is a male given name of Germanic origin, primarily used in Scandinavia, Finland, Estonia, Hungary and Slovenia. In Poland, the name is spelt Henryk but pronounced similarly. Equivalents in other languages are Henry (English), Heiki (Estoni ...

(

Prince Consort A prince consort is the husband of a monarch who is not a monarch in his own right. In recognition of his status, a prince consort may be given a formal title, such as ''prince''. Most monarchies do not allow the husband of a queen regnant to be ...

Kjeld Olesen Kjeld Olesen (8 July 1932 – 25 July 2024) was a Danish Social Democratic politician who served as Minister for Foreign Affairs of Denmark from 1979 to 1982. Career In 1955 Olesen was part of the CIA team who secretly listened in to the lef ...

(

) *:

Hosni Mubarak Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak (; 4 May 1928 – 25 February 2020) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the fourth president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011 and the 41st Prime Minister of Egypt, prime minister from 1981 to ...

(

) *: Joseph W.S. deGraft-Johnson (

Vice-President A vice president or vice-president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vi ...

), Isaac Chinebuah (

William Ofori Atta William Ofori Atta (10 October 1910 – 14 July 1988), popularly called "Paa Willie", was a Ghanaian founding member of the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) and one of the founding fathers of Ghana as one of " The Big Six" detained by the ...

(Government Minister) *:

Adam Malik Adam Malik Batubara (22 July 1917 – 5 September 1984) was an Indonesians, Indonesian politician, diplomat, and journalist, who served as the third vice president of Indonesia from 1978 until 1983, under President Suharto. Previously, he serv ...

(

) *

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

: Charles Ravoajanakhari (Vice President of the Supreme Revolutionary Council) *:

Prince Claus Prince Claus of the Netherlands, Jonkheer van Amsberg (born Klaus-Georg Wilhelm Otto Friedrich Gerd von Amsberg; 6 September 1926 – 6 October 2002) was Prince consort of the Netherlands, Prince of the Netherlands from 30 April 1980 until his d ...

(

Prince consort A prince consort is the husband of a monarch who is not a monarch in his own right. In recognition of his status, a prince consort may be given a formal title, such as ''prince''. Most monarchies do not allow the husband of a queen regnant to be ...

Prince Bernhard Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (later Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands; 29 June 1911 – 1 December 2004) was Prince of the Netherlands from 6 September 1948 to 30 April 1980 as the husband of Queen Juliana. They had four daughters to ...

(former

Dries van Agt Andreas Antonius Maria "Dries" van Agt (; 2 February 1931 – 5 February 2024) was a Dutch politician, jurist and diplomat who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 19 December 1977 until 4 November 1982. He was a prominent leader o ...

(

Chris van der Klaauw Christoph Albert "Chris" van der Klaauw (; 13 August 1924 – 16 March 2005) was a Dutch politician and diplomat of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). From 19 December 1977 to 11 Septembter 1981, he was Minister of Foreign Affai ...

(

) *:

Prince Philip Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, later Philip Mountbatten; 10 June 19219 April 2021), was the husband of Queen Elizabeth II. As such, he was the consort of the British monarch from h ...

( Consort of the Queen),

(

Lord Carrington Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, Baron Carington of Upton (6 June 1919 – 9July 2018), was a British Conservative Party politician and hereditary peer who served as Defence Secretary from 1970 to 1974, Foreign Secreta ...

( Foreign Secretary), Fitzroy Maclean (wartime British liaison to Yugoslav Partisans, personal friend of Tito) *:

(

Lillian Gordy Carter Bessie Lillian Carter ( Gordy; August 15, 1898 – October 30, 1983) was an American nurse. Carter's son, Jimmy Carter, served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. She was also known for her contributions as a Peace Corps ...

(mother of President

) and

W. Averell Harriman William Averell Harriman (November 15, 1891July 26, 1986) was an American politician, businessman, and diplomat. He was a founder of Harriman & Co. which merged with the older Brown Brothers to form the Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. investment ...

(former

Governor A governor is an politician, administrative leader and head of a polity or Region#Political regions, political region, in some cases, such as governor-general, governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the ...

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...

) *: Qadi Abdel (Vice President)

= Heads of government

= The following delegations were headed by heads of government: *

Maung Maung Kha Maung Maung Kha ( ; 7 June 1920 – 30 April 1995) was Prime Minister of Burma between 1977 and 1988. Maung Maung Kha was born to Khin Tint and Chit Pe in Yangon. He enrolled in University of Rangoon in 1937 to study engineering but left ...

(

) * :

Pedro Pires Pedro de Verona Rodrigues Pires (; born 29 April 1934) is a Cape Verdean politician who served as Prime Minister of Cape Verde from 1975 to 1991, and later as president from 2001 to 2011. Life and career Pires was born in São Filipe, Fogo, Cap ...

(

) *:

(

Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party The chairman of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party ( zh, s=中国共产党中央委员会主席, p=Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Wěiyuánhuì Zhǔxí) was the party leader, leader of the Chinese Communist Party. The ...

and

Premier of China The premier of China, officially the Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, is the head of government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and leader of the State Council. This post was established in 1911 near the e ...

Ji Pengfei Ji Pengfei (, 2 February 1910 – 10 February 2000) was a Chinese politician. Biography Ji Pengfei was born in Linyi, Yuncheng, Shanxi in 1910. He joined the Chinese Red Army in 1931, and the Chinese Communist Party in 1933. After the estab ...

(

Secretary General of the State Council The Secretary-General of the State Council is an executive position within the State Council of the People's Republic of China. The secretary-general also leads the General Office of the State Council. The office ranks below the premier and abo ...

) *:

Raymond Barre Raymond Octave Joseph Barre (; 12 April 192425 August 2007) was a French politician and economist. He was a Vice President of the European Commission and Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs under three presidents ( Rey, Malfatti a ...

(

Jean François-Poncet Jean François-Poncet (; 8 December 1928 – 18 July 2012) was a French politician and diplomat who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs under President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing from 1978 to 1981. From 1983 until 2011, he was a member of t ...

(

) *:

Indira Gandhi Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Given name, ''née'' Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician and stateswoman who served as the Prime Minister of India, prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 un ...

(

) *:

Masayoshi Ōhira was a Japanese politician who served as prime minister of Japan from 1978 until his death in 1980. Born in Kagawa Prefecture, Ōhira worked in the Ministry of Finance from 1936, and served as the private secretary to Hayato Ikeda, finance mi ...

(

), Yasure Katoi ( Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs) *

Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...

Jambyn Batmönkh Jambyn Batmönkh (, ; 10 March 1926 – 14 May 1997) was a Mongolian communist political leader and economics professor. He was the leader of Mongolian People's Republic from 1984 until its transition into democracy in 1990. Early life Batmön ...

(

) *:

Pedro Richter Prada Pedro Ángel Richter Fernández-Prada (4 January 1921 – 14 July 2017) was a Peruvian politician who was the prime minister of Peru from January 31, 1979, until July 28, 1980. On December 28, 2007, the Italian government issued an arrest warrant ...

(

) *:

Adolfo Suárez Adolfo Suárez González, 1st Duke of Suárez (; 25 September 1932 – 23 March 2014) was a Spanish lawyer and politician. Suárez was Spain's first democratically elected Prime Minister of Spain, prime minister since the Second Spanish Republi ...

(

), Marcelino Oreja (

) *:

Süleyman Demirel Sami Süleyman Gündoğdu Demirel (; 1 November 1924 – 17 June 2015) was a Turkish people, Turkish politician, engineer, and statesman who served as the List of Presidents of Turkey, 9th President of Turkey from 1993 to 2000. He previously serv ...

(

Hayrettin Erkmen Hayrettin Erkmen (19 April 1915 – 18 May 1999) was the minister of foreign affairs of the Republic of Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small par ...

(

) *:

Robert Mugabe Robert Gabriel Mugabe (; ; 21 February 1924 – 6 September 2019) was a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who served as Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987 and then as President from 1987 to 2017. He served as Leader of th ...

(

)

= Deputy heads of government and foreign ministers

= The following delegations were headed by deputy heads of government or their foreign ministers: *

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran borde ...

Sultan Ali Keshtmand Sultan Ali Keshtmand (; born May 22, 1935, in Kabul), sometimes transliterated Kishtmand, was an Hazara communist politician, belonging to the Parcham faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). He served twice as Chairman o ...

(First Deputy Chairman of the

), Shah Mohamad Dost (

) *:

Andrew Peacock Andrew Sharp Peacock (13 February 193916 April 2021) was an Australian politician and diplomat. He served as a cabinet minister and went on to become leader of the Liberal Party on two occasions (1983–1985 and 1989–1990), leading the part ...

(

) *: Gaston Aroas Levi (

) *: José Ferraz de Rosa (Army General, State Minister, and General Chief of Staff), Otto Agripino Maia (

) *:

Jean Keutcha Jean may refer to: People * Jean (female given name) * Jean (male given name) * Jean (surname) Fictional characters * Jean Grey, a Marvel Comics character * Jean Valjean, fictional character in novel ''Les Misérables'' and its adaptations * Jean ...

(

) *: Ptolemy Reid (Deputy Prime Minister) *:

Sadegh Ghotbzadeh Sadegh Ghotbzadeh (, 24 February 1936 – 15 September 1982) was an Iranian politician who served as a close aide of Ayatollah Khomeini during his 1978 exile in France and was foreign minister (30 November 1979 – August 1980) during the Ir ...

(

) *: Harold Edward Water (Foreign Minister) *:

Enrique Olivares Santana Enrique Olivares Santana (8 August 1920 – 18 March 2004) was a Mexican teacher, diplomat, and politician who was governor of Aguascalientes (1962—1968), a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) and Secretariat of the Interio ...

(

Secretary of the Interior Secretary of the Interior may refer to: * Secretary of the Interior (Mexico) * Interior Secretary of Pakistan * Secretary of the Interior and Local Government (Philippines) * United States Secretary of the Interior See also

*Interior ministry ...

), Luis M. Farías (

President of the Chamber of Deputies President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsidente ...

) *

Nepal Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mainly situated in the Himalayas, but also includes parts of the Indo-Gangetic Plain. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China Ch ...

: Prince

Gyanendra of Nepal Gyanendra Shah (born 7 July 1947) is the final monarch of Nepal, ruled from 2001 until 2008, when the monarchy was overthrown. He briefly held the throne as a child between 1950 and 1951, when his grandfather Tribhuvan and his family fled to In ...

and K. B. Shahi (

) *:

Ishaya Audu Ishaya Sha'aibu Audu (; 1 March 1927 – 29 August 2005) was a Nigerian doctor, professor, and politician. A Kattafawa, Christian, he served as minister of external affairs (foreign minister) from 1979 to 1983 under Shehu Shagari. Early l ...

(

Joseph Wayas Joseph Wayas (21 May 1941 – 30 November 2021) was Nigeria's Senate President during the Second Nigerian Republic (1979–1983). Background Wayas was born in Basang, Obanliku, Cross River State on 21st, May 1941 and attended the Dennis Memor ...

(

President of the Senate President of the Senate is a title often given to the presiding officer of a senate. It corresponds to the Speaker (politics), speaker in some other assemblies. The senate president often ranks high in a jurisdiction's Order of succession, succes ...

) *:

Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann (February 5, 1933 – June 8, 2017) was an American-born Nicaraguan diplomat, politician and Catholic priest of the Maryknoll Missionary Society. As the President of the United Nations General Assembly from September 20 ...

(Foreign Minister) *:

Brian Talboys Sir Brian Edward Talboys (7 June 1921 – 3 June 2012) was a New Zealand politician who served as the seventh deputy prime minister of New Zealand for the first two terms of Robert Muldoon's premiership. If the abortive "#Colonels' Coup, C ...

(

and

) *: Jacques Hodoul (

) *:

Abdul Cader Shahul Hameed Abdul Cader Shahul Hameed (10 April 1927 – 3 September 1999) was a Sri Lankan diplomat and prominent political figure. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Sri Lanka from 1977 to 1989; and from 1993 to 1994. In the intervening period, h ...

(

Minister of External Affairs In many countries, the ministry of foreign affairs (abbreviated as MFA or MOFA) is the highest government department exclusively or primarily responsible for the state's foreign policy and relations, diplomacy, bilateral, and multilateral rela ...

) *:

Pierre Aubert Pierre Aubert (3 March 1927 – 8 June 2016) was a Swiss politician, lawyer and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1978–1987). Political career He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on 7 December 1977 as member of the Social Democratic ...

(

) *: Thanat Khoman (Deputy Prime Minister) *: Otema Allimadi (

) *:

José Zambrano Velasco José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced very differently in each of the two languages: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ). In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , ...

(

) *:

Huỳnh Tấn Phát Huỳnh Tấn Phát (; 15 February 1913 – 30 September 1989) was a Vietnamese architect, politician and revolutionary. He was the Prime Minister and '' de facto'' leader of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam during the ...

(

)

= Other state delegations

= State delegations of those countries were headed by government ministers, ambassadors or royal house members: *: Sokrat Plaka (ambassador to Yugoslavia) *:

Ambrósio Lukoki Ambrósio Lukoki (7 December 1940 – 1 October 2018) was an Angolan politician, educator, and diplomat serving as the Ambassador of Angola to Tanzania Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in East Africa within ...

(Minister of Education and Member of the Politburo of

MPLA The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (, abbr. MPLA), from 1977–1990 called the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola – Labour Party (), is an Angolan social democratic political party. The MPLA fought against the P ...

Afonso Van-Dunem Afonso is the Portuguese language, Portuguese and Galician language, Galician form of Alphons. Middle Ages Iberian royal families ;Portugal *Afonso I of Portugal (1109–1185) *Afonso II of Portugal (1185–1223) *Afonso III of Portugal (1210� ...

(Member of the Central Committee of

) *: Alberto Rodríguez Varela (

Minister of Justice A justice ministry, ministry of justice, or department of justice, is a ministry or other government agency in charge of the administration of justice. The ministry or department is often headed by a minister of justice (minister for justice in a ...

) *

Benin Benin, officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It was formerly known as Dahomey. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, Burkina Faso to the north-west, and Niger to the north-east. The majority of its po ...

: Tonakpon Capo-Chichi (Minister of Culture) and Agbahe Gregoire (Minister of Tourism and Crafts) *: A. V. Kgarebe (High Commissioner to the United Kingdom) *: Reni Nkonkengurute (Member of the Politburo and Presidium of the Central Committee of the

Union for National Progress The Union for National Progress (, UPRONA) is a nationalist political party in Burundi. Initially it emerged as a nationalist united front in opposition to Belgian colonial rule but subsequently became an integral part of the one-party state esta ...

, Minister for Presidency affairs) *: General Mbale (Minister of Internal Affairs) *:

Gustavo Balcázar Monzón Gustavo Balcázar Monzón (born 10 August 1927) is a Colombian lawyer and retired politician. A member of the Colombian Liberal Party, he served as Member of both the Senate and the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia, presiding over both cha ...

(

Colombia Ambassador to the United Kingdom The ambassador of Colombia to the United Kingdom (known formally as the ambassador of the Republic of Colombia to the Court of St James's) is the official representative of the President of colombia, president of Colombia and the Government of ...

) * Congo: Jean Ganga Zansou ( President of the National Assembly) *: Fernando Aldman (Minister of Economy) *: Mario Aleman (Sub-secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) *: Abaga Julian Esono (Ambassador to France) *: Jean Robert Fungu (Ambassador to Yugoslavia) *: Ingvi Sigurður Ingvarsson (Ambassador to Sweden, non-resident Ambassador to Yugoslavia) *: K. Nalobamba (State Minister), Tousagnon Benoit (vice-president of the National Assembly) *: K. G. Hill (Ambassador to Geneva, non-resident Ambassador to Yugoslavia) *: J. H. Okvanyo (Trade minister) *: Sheikh Abdullah al Jaber (Special emissary of Emir Jaber al Ahmad) *: Ali el Khalil (Minister of Finance) *: Robert Kvele Kennedy (Ambassador to Rome, non-resident Ambassador to Yugoslavia) *

Libya Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya border, the east, Sudan to Libya–Sudan border, the southeast, Chad to Chad–L ...

Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr (, 1940 – 20 October 2011) was a Libyan military officer and politician who was the Secretary of the Libyan General Committee for Defence during the rule of Muammar Gaddafi. His official position was Secretary of th ...

(Minister of Defence, General of Army) *: Walter Oehry (Government Minister) *: Ahmed Zaki (Permanent Representatives to the UN) *:

Abdul Taib Mahmud Abdul Taib bin Mahmud (; 21 May 1936 – 21 February 2024) was a Malaysian politician who served as the seventh Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Sarawak from 2014 to 2024 and the fourth Chief Minister of Sarawak from 1981 to 2014. He is referred to a ...

(Minister of Defence) *: Mohamme Ulg el-Hussein (Minister) *: Dej Ould Sidi (President of Parliament), Mohammed Doniri (Minister of Supplies) *

Mozambique Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country located in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini and South Afr ...

: Marcelino dos Santos (Member of the Central Committee of

FRELIMO FRELIMO (; from , ) is a democratic socialist political party in Mozambique. It has governed the country since its independence from Portugal in 1975. Founded in 1962, FRELIMO began as a nationalist movement fighting for the self-determination ...

, member of the Parliament Standing Committee) *: Mahamane Karmou (Ambassador to USSR, non-resident Ambassador to Yugoslavia) *: Fahad bin Mahmoud Al-Said (Under-secretary of judicial affairs) *: Leon Ma. Guerrero (Ambassador to Yugoslavia) *: Jules Kanadra (Ambassador to Moscow, non-resident Ambassador to Yugoslavia) *: Brata da Coste (Member of the Coordinating council of the MLSTP/PSD, Minister for Planning) *: Maggat Lo (President of the Economic-social committee of the Parliament), Mohammed Li (Government Minister) *: Philip Faboe (Secretary of State) *: David Marshall (Ambassador to France) *

Somalia Somalia, officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, is the easternmost country in continental Africa. The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, th ...

Ismail Ali Abokor Ismail Ali Abokor () was a Somali Politician and Major General. A senior member of the Supreme Revolutionary Council, He also served as Vice President of Somalia in the era of Siad Barre between 1971 and 1982. He was also a Speaker of the Pe ...

( President of the People's Assembly, and Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the

Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party The Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (SRSP, , XHKS, , ) was the ruling party of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1976 to 1991. History SRSP was created by the military regime of Siad Barre under Soviet guidance. A founding congress ...

) *: M. S. Muti (Member of the Politburo and Secretary of the Central Committee of the

Yemeni Socialist Party The Yemeni Socialist Party (, ''al-Hizb al-Ishtiraki al-Yamani'', YSP), officially the Socialist Party Organization (), is a Social democracy, social democratic List of political parties in Yemen, political party in Yemen. A successor of Yemen's ...

), A. R. Ratib (Member of the Politburo) *

Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi ...

: Sherif Ghasim (Member of the Politburo of the

Sudanese Socialist Union The Sudanese Socialist Union (Abbreviation, abbr. SSU; ''Al-Ittihad Al-Ishtiraki As-Sudaniy'') was a political party in Democratic Republic of the Sudan, Sudan. The SSU was the country's One-party state, sole legal party from 1971 until 1985, w ...

) *: James O'Neil (Ambassador to Belgium, non-resident Ambassador to Yugoslavia) *:

Sadok Mokaddem Sadok may refer to: * ''Sadok'', a variant of the name Zadoc *Omrane Sadok, Tunisian boxer *Sadok, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chodecz, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodesh ...

( President of the Assembly, and Member of the Politburo of the

Socialist Destourian Party The Socialist Destourian Party ( ' ; ; ) was the ruling political party of Tunisia from 1964 to 1988. Bahi Ladgham was the first Prime Minister from the party and Hédi Baccouche was the last. It was founded on 22 October 1964 and disbanded on ...

) and Habib Bourguiba, Jr. *:

Tiemoko Marc Garango Tiemoko is a given name. Notable people with the name include: *Tiemoko Fofana (born 1999), Ivorian footballer *Tiémoko Konaté (born 1990), Ivorian footballer *Tiémoko Meyliet Koné (born 1949), Ivorian politician *Tiemoko Garan Kouyaté (1902-1 ...

(Ambassador to West Germany, non-resident Ambassador to Yugoslavia) *: Walter Ravenna (Minister of National Defence) *:

Achille Silvestrini Achille Silvestrini (25 October 1923 – 29 August 2019) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church. He served in the Vatican diplomatic corps, either in Rome or abroad, from 1953 to 1990, and later as Prefect of the Congregation for the O ...

(Secretary of the Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia), Council for Public Affairs of the Church) *: Nzondomyo a' Dokpe Lingo (List of Presidents of the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, President of the National Assembly)

Delegations of parties and organizations

= International organizations

= *: Chedli Klibi (List of Secretaries General of the Arab League, Secretary-General) * European Parliament: Simone Veil (President of the European Parliament, President) * Council of Europe: Franz Karasek (Secretary General of the Council of Europe, Secretary General) * European Commission: Wilhelm Haferkamp (Vice-President of the European Commission, Vice-President) *: Shridath Ramphal (Commonwealth Secretary-General, Secretary-General) *OECD: Emiel van Lennep (Secretary-General) *: Kurt Waldheim (Secretary-General of the United Nations, Secretary-General), P. N. Dhar *: Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow (Director-General)

= Liberation movements

= * Palestine Liberation Organization:

(Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization, Chairman) * Polisario Front: Mohamed Abdelaziz (Sahrawi politician), Mohamed Abdelaziz (President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Chairman of the Revolutionary Council) * SWAPO: David Meroro (President of the People's Assembly)

= Political parties and trade unions

= * Communist Party of Australia: Bernie Taft (Secretary) * Labour Party of Australia: Jane Taggart * Communist Party of Austria: Franz Muhri (president) and Josef Nichel-Vizer (Member of the Central Committee) * Bangladesh Awami League: Kamal Hosein * Communist Party of Belgium: Louis Van Geyt (president), Jean Debruvere (Member of the Politbureau) * Socialist Party (Belgium): André Cools (president), Irène Pétry (member of the National Bureau, Vice President of the Socialist International, President of the Socialist International Women) * Communist Party of Chile: Milo Carres Orlando (Member of the Politbureau) * Socialist Party of Chile: Carlos Altamirano (Secretary), Clodomiro Almeida (Secretary) * Popular Unitary Action Movement: Ricardo Lopez * Radical Party of Chile: Benjamin Tekliski (Executive Secretary) * Communist Party of Denmark: Jørgen Jensen (politician), Jørgen Jensen (president), Hans Kloster (member of the Central Committee) * Socialist People's Party (Denmark), Socialist People's Party of Denmark: Gert Petersen (president) * Dominican Revolutionary Party: Francisco Pena Gomez * Labor Party of Egypt: Hamid Zidani * Arab Trade Unions (Egypt): Fati Mohammad (Secretary-General) * Communist Party of France: Georges Marchais (Secretary general) * French Socialist Party (France), Socialist Party: François Mitterrand (First secretary), Lionel Jospin (National Secretary) * French Unified Socialist Party (France), Unified Socialist Party: Maurice Revenel (National secretary), Victor Ledik (National secretary) * French Democratic Confederation of Labour: Edmond Maire (Secretary-General ), Jacques Chereque (Deputy Secretary-General) * General Confederation of Labour (France): Gerard Gomez (National Secretary) * French Radical Party of the Left: Francois Lissere * People's National Party (Ghana): Nana Okutwer Beko (president) * Communist Party of Greece (Interior): Babis Drakopoulos (Secretary General) * Communist Party of Greece: Charilaos Florakis (Secretary General) * United Democratic Left (Greece): Manolis Glezos * Party of Democratic Socialism (Greece): Yagos Pesmazoglou, Georgios Milonas, Charalambos Protopapas * PASOK: Andreas Papandreou (President) * General Confederation of Greek Workers: Nicholas Papageorgiou (President) * Communist Party of the Netherlands: Henk Hoekstra (chairman) * Labour Party (Netherlands): Joop den Uyl (Parliamentary group leader) * Communist Party of Ireland: Andy Barr (Irish politician), Andy Barr (president) * Communist Party of Italy: Enrico Berlinguer (Secretary General) * Italian Socialist Party: Bettino Craxi (Secretary General) * Italian Democratic Socialist Party: Ruggero Puletti (deputy Secretary-General), Giuseppe Amadei * Proletarian Unity Party (Italy) and the Workers Movement for Socialism: Lucio Magri (Secretary-General), Luca Cafiero (Secretary) * Christian Democracy (Italy): Vito Lattanzio * Japanese Communist Party: Kamejiro Senaga, Sakundo Onuma * Socialist Party of Japan: Tomio Kawahami, Eiji Yasai * African National Congress: Thomas Nkobi * Colombian Communist Party: Alvaro Delgado * Lebanese Communist Party: Nicolas Shawi (Secretary General) * Progressive Socialist Party: Walid Jumblatt (President) * Socialist Union of Popular Forces: Abderahime Buabid (Secretary General) * Party of Progress and Socialism (Morocco): Ali Yata (Secretary General) * Communist Party of Mauritius: Chandramun (President) * Mexican Communist Party: Marcos Leonel Pasades (Member of the executive committee) * German Communist Party: Herbert Mies, Carlos Schroder * Social Democratic Party of Germany: Willy Brandt (President, President of the Socialist International) * National Party of Nigeria: Augustus Akinloye (President) * Portuguese Communist Party: Álvaro Cunhal (Secretary General) * Socialist Party (Portugal): Mário Soares (Secretary General) * Left-wing Union for the Socialist Democracy (Portugal): António Lopes Cardoso (Secretary General) * Sammarinese Communist Party: Umberto Barulli (Secretary General) * Sammarinese Socialist Party: Giuseppe della Balda * Syrian Communist Party: Daniel Neme * Communist Party of Spain: Santiago Carrillo (Secretary General) * Spanish Socialist Workers' Party: Felipe González (Secretary General) * Unión General de Trabajadores (Spain): Anton Valentin * Sri Lanka Freedom Party: Sirimavo Bandaranaike (President) * Swiss Party of Labour: :fr:Jean Vincent (homme politique), Jean Vincent (honorary President) * Progressive Organizations of Switzerland: Georg Degen * Left Party (Sweden), Left Party – the Communists (Sweden): Lars Werner (President), Bo Hammar (member of the Politbureau) * Swedish Social Democratic Party: Sten Andersson (Secretary) * Republican People's Party (Turkey): Bülent Ecevit (President) * Communist Party of Britain: Gordon McLennan (politician), Gordon McLennan (Secretary General) * Labour Party (UK):

(Leader)

Media coverage

The funeral was broadcast live by many countries on their state television channels. In West Germany, it was aired on Deutsches Fernsehen. Austrian television broadcast a film memorializing Tito for an hour prior to the funeral. In the United States, U.S., all three major television networks covered the funeral, as did TF1 and Antenne 2 in France. In total, 44 countries broadcast Tito's funeral.

References

External links

* {{Josip Broz Tito Josip Broz Tito Deaths by person in Slovenia, Tito, Josip Broz State funerals, Tito, Josip Broz Deaths and funerals of politicians, Tito, Josip Broz State funerals in Serbia, Tito, Josip Broz 1980s in Belgrade Events in Belgrade May 1980 in Europe 1980 in Serbia 1980 in Slovenia 1980s in Ljubljana 1980 in politics