|
President Of Algeria
The president of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (, ) is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Algerian People's National Armed Forces. The current president is Abdelmadjid Tebboune, who succeeded Abdelaziz Bouteflika on 2019 Algerian presidential election, 19 December 2019. History of the office The Tripoli Program, which served as Algeria's constitution when it won its war for independence from France in 1962, established the president as the head of state with a prime minister assisting in the operation of government. Internal political maneuvering resulted in a new constitution in 1963 that abolished the prime minister position and devolved all executive power upon the office of the president. For the first four decades of independence, the government was controlled as a one-party state by the National Liberation Front (Algeria), National Liberation Front. The presidency was held by a succession of FLN membe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emblem Of Algeria
The national emblem of Algeria (; Tamazight: ) is the official seal used by the government of Algeria. Description The current form of the emblem with Arabic writing was adopted on 1 November 1976, but was only differentiated from previous one by the changing of the motto from French to Arabic. Contained on the emblem is the crescent that is also found on the flag of Algeria and is a symbol of Islam. The text that encircles the emblem says in Arabic: ("The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria", the country's official name). The hand of Fatima, a traditional symbol of the region, appears in front of the Atlas Mountains, below a rising sun representing a new era. Buildings stand for industry and plants for agriculture. Historic coats of arms and emblems File:Lesser coat of arms of the Regency of Algiers.svg, Lesser Coat of arms of the Regency of Algiers (1630–1830) File:Seal of the Emirate of Abdelkader.svg, Seal of the Emirate of Abdelkader (1832–1847) File:Algerie fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algerian People's National Armed Forces
The People's National Army (PNA) () is the military of the Algerian republic. It is the direct successor of the National Liberation Army (ALN), the armed wing of the nationalist National Liberation Front, which fought French colonial rule during the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962). It ranks as the 25th most powerful military in the world according to Global Firepower Index, and ranks 22nd in defense spending globally. The People's National Army include the Algerian Land Forces, the Algerian Air Force, the Navy, and the Algerian Air Defence Force. The antecedents of the army were the conventional military units formed in neighbouring Morocco and Tunisia during the war of independence from France. History Role in politics The Algerian military élite has played a dominating role in Algerian politics ever since independence in 1962, when the army emerged as the only effective powerbroker in a shattered political landscape dominated by weak and competing poli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1999 Algerian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Algeria on 15 April 1999. Abdelaziz Bouteflika was elected with 74% of the vote after the other six candidates withdrew on the eve of the elections. Background Incumbent president Liamine Zéroual announced in September 1998 that early presidential elections would be held in February 1999. He also said that he would not be a candidate, in a move which was reported as being due to infighting within the Algerian army. The election date was later set for 15 April and the official campaign began on 25 March. The government set up the Independent National Commission for Monitoring the Presidential Election (CNISEP) to oversee the elections, and Zéroual called upon all government officials to remain neutral. The elections took place amidst a backdrop of continuing conflict in the Algerian Civil War. Restoring peace to the country was the major election issue. Candidates The frontrunner was former foreign minister, Abdelaziz Bouteflika, who was sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liamine Zéroual
Liamine Zéroual ( ALA-LC: ''al-Yamīn Zarwāl''; Berber: Lyamin Ẓerwal; born 3 July 1941) is an Algerian politician who was the sixth President of Algeria from 30 January 1994 to 27 April 1999. Biography He was born in Batna and joined the National Liberation Army in 1957, at the age of 16, to fight French rule of Algeria. After independence, he received training in Cairo, Egypt, then Moscow, Soviet Union (1965-1966) and finally Paris. In 1975, he took command of a military school in Batna, then in 1981 of the Cherchell Military Academy. He was then made commander of the Tamanrasset military region in 1982, then the 3rd Military Region on the Moroccan border in 1984, then that of Constantine in 1987. He became a general in 1988, then head of ground forces in 1989. After disagreeing with President Chadli Bendjedid about proposals for army reorganisation, he left the ANP in 1989, and briefly became ambassador to Romania. However, after Bendjedid's forced resignation in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algerian Civil War
The Algerian Civil War (), known in Algeria as the Black Decade (, ), was a civil war fought between the Algerian government and various Islamist rebel groups from 11 January 1992 (following a 1992 Algerian coup d'état, coup negating an Islamist electoral victory) to 8 February 2002. The war began slowly, as it initially appeared the government had successfully crushed the Islamist movement, but armed groups emerged to declare jihad and by 1994, violence had reached such a level that it appeared the government might not be able to withstand it. By 1996–97, it had become clear that the Islamist resistance had lost its popular support, although fighting continued for several years after.#GKJTPI2002, Kepel, ''Jihad'', 2002: p.255 The war has been referred to as 'the dirty war' (''la sale guerre''), and saw extreme violence and brutality used against civilians.#GKJTPI2002, Kepel, ''Jihad'', 2002: p.254 List of Algerian assassinated journalists, Islamists targeted journalists, ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Kafi
Ali Kafi (; ALA-LC: ''ʿAlī Kāfī''; 7 October 1928 – 16 April 2013) was an Algerian politician who was Chairman of the High Council of State and acting President from 1992 to 1994. Early life Ali Kafi was born in El Harrouch in 1928. Career Ali Kafi was one of the major figures of the Algerian underground forces that fought for independence from France from 1954 to 1962. At that time he was promoted to the rank of colonel. Kafi was the Algerian ambassador to several countries, including Syria, Egypt, Iraq and Italy. He served as the chairman of the High Council of State (a military-backed collective presidency) of Algeria from 2 July 1992 to 31 January 1994. He was selected as chairman after the assassination of Muhammad Boudiaf, and ruled until his replacement by Liamine Zeroual. Death and burial Kafi died at the age of 84 on 16 April 2013 in Geneva, Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Boudiaf
Mohamed Boudiaf (23 June 1919 – 29 June 1992, ; ALA-LC: ''Muḥammad Bū-Ḍiyāf''), also called Si Tayeb el Watani, was an Algerian politician and statesman, and one of the founders of the revolutionary National Liberation Front (FLN) that led the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962). Boudiaf was exiled soon after Algeria's independence and did not go back to Algeria for 27 years. He returned in 1992 to accept his appointed position of Chairman of the High Council of State, but he was assassinated four months later. Early years Mohamed Boudiaf was born in Ouled Madhi (now in M'Sila Province), French Algeria, to a family of erstwhile nobility which had lost its standing and influence during colonial times. His education was cut short after primary school by poor health (tuberculosis) and his increasing activism in the nascent nationalist movement. A member of the nationalist Parti du Peuple Algérien (PPA) of Messali Hadj, he later joined the successor or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High Council Of State (Algeria)
The High Council of State in Algeria was a collective presidency set up by the Algerian High Council of Security on 14 January 1992 following the annulled elections in December 1991. It originally consisted of: * Mohamed Boudiaf ( PRS) * Ali Kafi ( FLN) *Redha Malek Redha Malek () (21 December 1931 – 29 July 2017) was an Algerian politician who served as Prime Minister of Algeria from 21 August 1993 to 11 April 1994. During his short term of office, which came in the early years of the Algerian Civil War, h ..., Prime Minister (from July 1992) *Major General Khaled Nezzar, Defense Minister * Ali Haroun (FLN) * Tedjini Haddam Chairman of the HCS was Mohamed Boudiaf from January 16, 1992 until his assassination on June 29, 1992. He was succeeded as Chairman by Ali Kafi until the HCS was replaced by president Liamine Zéroual in January 1994. References Heads of state of Algeria {{Algeria-gov-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Salvation Front
The Islamic Salvation Front (; , FIS) was an Islamist political party in Algeria. The party had two major leaders representing its two bases of its support; Abbassi Madani appealed to pious small businessmen, and Ali Belhadj appealed to the angry, often unemployed youth of Algeria. Officially made legal as a political party in September 1989, less than a year later the FIS received more than half of valid votes cast by Algerians in the 1990 local government elections. When it appeared to be winning a general election in January 1992, a military coup dismantled the party, interning thousands of its officials in the Sahara. It was officially banned two months later. Its armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army (AIS), fought in the Algerian Civil War against the Algerian government from July 1994 until its dissolution in January 2000. Goals The founders and leaders of the FIS did not agree on all issues, but agreed on the core objective of establishing an Islamic state r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chadli Bendjedid
Chadli Bendjedid (; ALA-LC: ''ash-Shādhilī bin Jadīd''; 14 April 1929 – 6 October 2012) was an Algerian military officer and politician who served as the third President of Algeria. His presidential term of office ran from 9 February 1979 to 11 January 1992. A combatant during the Algerian War, he was a member of the Revolutionary Council from 1965 to 1976 and was appointed Colonel in 1969. He was appointed Secretary General of the National Liberation Front (FLN) in January 1979 and was elected president the following month. Bendjedid would win re-elections without competition in 1984 and 1989. He resigned from the presidency in January 1992 following a disputed election and military coup, leading to the Algerian Civil War. He remained under house arrest until 1999 and died of cancer in 2012 at the age of 83. Career Early life and career Bendjedid was born in Bouteldja on 14 April 1929.''Algeria:Anger of The Dispossessed'', Martin Evans and John Phillips, Yale Univers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Houari Boumédienne
Houari is a given name and surname. It may refer to: Persons Given name *Houari Boumédiène Houari Boumédiène (; born Mohammed ben Brahim Boukharouba; 23 August 1932 – 27 December 1978) was an Algerian military officer and politician who was the list of heads of state of Algeria, second head of state of independent Algeria from 196 ..., also transcribed Boumediene, Boumedienne etc. (1932–1978), served as Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of Algeria from 19 June 1965 until 12 December 1976 and thereafter as the second President of Algeria until his death on 27 December 1978 * Houari Benchenet (born 1961), Algerian raï singer * Houari Djemili (born 1987), Algerian footballer * Houari Ferhani (born 1993), Algerian footballer * Houari Manar (1981–2019), Algerian raï singer Surname * Sidi El Houari (1350–1439), Algerian imam * Blaoui Houari (1926-2017), Algerian singer-songwriter, composer and conductor * Kamel Jdayni Houari (born 1980), better known as Kamelancien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Liberation Front (Algeria)
The National Liberation Front (; ), commonly known by its French acronym FLN, is a nationalist political party in Algeria. It was the main nationalist movement during the Algerian War and the sole legal and ruling political party of the Algerian state until other parties were legalised in 1989. The FLN was established in 1954 following a split in the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties from members of the Special Organisation paramilitary; its armed wing, the National Liberation Army, participated in the Algerian War from 1954 to 1962. After the Évian Accords of 1962, the party purged internal dissent and ruled Algeria as a one-party state. After the 1988 October Riots and the Algerian Civil War (1991–2002) against Islamist groups, the FLN was reelected to power in the 2002 Algerian legislative election, and has generally remained in power until 2007, when it started forming coalitions with other parties. History Colonial era The background of the FLN ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
