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Algerian Civil War
The Algerian Civil War (), known in Algeria as the Black Decade (, ), was a civil war fought between the Algerian government and various Islamist rebel groups from 11 January 1992 (following a 1992 Algerian coup d'état, coup negating an Islamist electoral victory) to 8 February 2002. The war began slowly, as it initially appeared the government had successfully crushed the Islamist movement, but armed groups emerged to declare jihad and by 1994, violence had reached such a level that it appeared the government might not be able to withstand it. By 1996–97, it had become clear that the Islamist resistance had lost its popular support, although fighting continued for several years after.#GKJTPI2002, Kepel, ''Jihad'', 2002: p.255 The war has been referred to as 'the dirty war' (''la sale guerre''), and saw extreme violence and brutality used against civilians.#GKJTPI2002, Kepel, ''Jihad'', 2002: p.254 List of Algerian assassinated journalists, Islamists targeted journalists, ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algiers
Algiers is the capital city of Algeria as well as the capital of the Algiers Province; it extends over many Communes of Algeria, communes without having its own separate governing body. With 2,988,145 residents in 2008Census 14 April 2008: Office National des Statistiques de l'Algérie (web). and an estimated 3,004,130 residents in 2025 in an area of , Algiers is the largest city in List of cities in Algeria, Algeria, List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea, the third largest city on the Mediterranean, List of largest cities in the Arab world, sixth in the Arab World, and List of cities in Africa by population, 11th in Africa. Located in the north-central portion of the country, it extends along the Bay of Algiers surrounded by the Mitidja Plain and major mountain ranges. Its favorable location made it the center of Regency of Algiers, Ottoman and French Algeria, French cultural, political, and architectural influences for the region, shaping it to be the diverse met ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Renaissance Movement
The Islamic Renaissance Movement (, ''Ḥarakat An-Nahḑa Al-Islāmiyya''; , MRI) is a moderate Islamist political party of Algeria. History The party was established in autumn 1990 when the Constantine-based association Jamiyat al-Nahda was transformed into a political party. Jamiyat al-Nahda had been established in 1988 by Abdallah Djaballah, and he decided to form the MRI after the Islamic Salvation Front rejected calls for an Islamic alliance.Frank Tachau (1994) ''Political parties of the Middle East and North Africa'', Greenwood Press, pp44–45 Its foundation was also a response to the FIS claim to hold a monopoly on Islamist politics. In the 1991 parliamentary elections the party received 2.2% of the vote, failing to win a seat. The 1997 elections saw its vote share increase to 8.7%, resulting in it winning 34 of the 231 seats. However, it received just 0.6% of the vote in the 2002 elections, reducing it to a single seat. It recovered in the 2007 elections, receivi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Said Makhloufi
{{disambiguation ...
Said can refer to: * Speech, or the act of speaking * Saʽid, a male Arabic given name * Said (honorific), a honorific in Islamic culture * Said, Iran (other), multiple places in Iran * Port Said, a city in Egypt * Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford See also * Say * Saying A saying is any concise expression that is especially memorable because of its meaning or style. A saying often shows a wisdom or cultural standard, having different meanings than just the words themselves. Sayings are categorized as follows: * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdelkader Chebouti
Abd al-Qadir or Abdulkadir () is a male Muslim given name. It is formed from the Arabic words '' Abd'', ''al-'' and '' Qadir''. The name means 'servant of who can do everything'. ''Al-Qādir'' is one of the names of Allah in the Qur'an, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names. The letter ''a'' of the ''al-'' is unstressed, and can be transliterated by almost any vowel, often by ''u''. So the first part can appear as Abdel, Abdul or Abdal. The second part can be transliterated Qader, Kadir, Qadir, Kader, Gadir or in other ways, and the whole name subject to variable spacing and hyphenation. There is a related but much less common name, Abdul Qadeer (), with a similar meaning. The two may become confused when transliterated, and a few of the names below may be instances of the latter name. Notable people with the name include: Men In sport Athletics * Abdelkader Zaddem (born 1944), Tunisian runner * Abdelkader El Mouaziz (born 1969), Moroccan runner * Abdelkade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anwar Haddam
Anwar Haddam () was a leader of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), an Islamist party in Algeria, and was elected to parliament on a FIS ticket in 1991 - Algeria's first multiparty elections. The dissolution of the FIS by military decree after its electoral victories in 1991-92 triggered the Algerian Civil War. Haddam spent most of the war years in exile in the United States of America, acting as a main figure in the party's political leadership. Algerian authorities unsuccessfully sought his extraditionbr> In 2004 Haddam resigned from FIS, and in 2007 co-founded the Movement for Liberty & Social Justice (MLJS). Life A student and a disciple of the late Algerian thinker Malek Bennabi, Haddam has been involved with the Algerian Islamic Movement since 1972, and is one of the pioneers in its participation in the political arena. A nuclear physicist, he was a faculty member of the Physics Department of the University of Science and Technology of Algiers before being elected to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdelkader Hachani
Abdelkader Hachani (; ; 26 December 1956 – 22 November 1999) was a leading figure and founding member of the Islamic Salvation Front (or FIS), an Algerian Islamist party. Early life He was born in 1956 in Aïn Makhlouf or Skikda. He studied in the Algerian Petroleum Institute, an elite school for engineers, and after, started working at Sonatrach. Career Following the arrests of Abassi Madani and Ali Belhadj on 30 June 1991, he became the party's effective leader (after four days of contested leadership by Mohamed Said.) He led the party to victory in the National Assembly elections of December 1991; shortly afterwards, he was arrested on 22 January 1992. As the Algerian Civil War raged, he was released in July 1997. The court handed him a sentence of five years, which he had already served waiting for the trial. He played a prominent role in negotiating the Islamic Salvation Army's (AIS) cease-fire of October 1997, but condemned President Abdelaziz Bouteflika A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdelbaki Sahraoui
Abdelbaki Sahraoui () (August 25 1910 - July 11 1995) was a co-founder of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in Algeria. Biography Sahraoui was born in 1910 in Constantine, Algeria. In 1926, he joined the circle of Sheikh Mubarak el-Mili. Five years later, he was conscripted by the French army, where he spent two years. He then moved to Algiers, where he was involved with the Muslim Scholars' Society. In 1990, he helped found the FIS; after the Algerian Civil War began, he fled to Paris, from which he preached in favor of armed struggle—jihad—against the Algerian government. Sahraoui opposed the extension of the ''jihad'' to France."Rachid Ramda jugé pour l'ultime procès des attentats de 1995," in ''Libération'', October 1, 200read on-line On 11 July 1995, he was assassinated by the Armed Islamic Group The Armed Islamic Group (GIA, from ; ) was one of the two main Islamist insurgent groups that fought the Algerian government and army in the Algerian Civil War. It was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Belhadj
Ali Benhadj (also Belhadj; ; born 16 December 1956) is an Algerian Islamist activist and preacher and cofounder of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) political party, the winner of the June 1990 local elections and the 1991 Algerian legislative election. Biography Born in 1956 in Tunis to parents of Algerian origin from the ''wilaya'' (province) of Adrar in Algeria, Benhadj became a teacher of Arabic and an Islamist activist in the 1970s. He had close ties to Mustafa Bouyali's Islamic Armed Movement (MIA), and was arrested in 1983 and sentence in 1985 by a state security court. In 1989, after the Algerian Constitution was changed to allow multiparty democracy, he helped found the FIS, an Islamic party which won the first free elections in Algeria since its independence. He was considered the co-head or number two leader of the FIS, along with president Abassi Madani. Kepel, ''Jihad'', 2002: p.168 During this period, he was a preacher at the famous Al-Sunna mosque in Bab el- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abassi Madani
Abbassi Madani (; 28 February 1931 – 24 April 2019) was an Algerian politician who was the President of the Islamic Salvation Front. As its leader, he became the voice of a large part of the dispossessed Algerian youth. Career Madani was born in Diyar Ben Aissa, Sidi Okba, now in Biskra Province. In his youth he joined the National Liberation Front (FLN) and participated in the first day of the Algerian War of Independence, 1 November 1954, by planting a bomb at an Algiers radio facility, but was arrested by the French on 17 November 1954, and remained in jail until independence in 1962. After studying for a doctorate in educational psychology in London from 1975 to 1978, he became a professor of educational sciences at the University of Algiers. Madani grew critical of the FLN's socialist orientation, and in 1989, after the Algerian Constitution was changed to allow multiparty democracy, he co-founded the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), which rapidly grew to enjoy success in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohamed Mediène
General Mohamed Mediène (), also known as Toufik (توفيق) and Le Zouave is an Algerian intelligence officer who formerly served as head of the country's secret services, the Intelligence and Security Department (''Département du renseignement et de la sécurité'', DRS), from 1990 to 2015. He was described as the world's longest serving "intelligence chief". He was born in 1936 to a kabyle (Zouave) family from Guenzet (Sétif Province), but grew up near Algiers at Saint-Eugene ( Bologhine). He joined the National Liberation Army in 1961, a few months before Algeria's independence. He was an enlisted officer in the NLA. Career Post-independence Shortly after independence, he joined other NLA military members in studying at a KGB school in the Soviet Union. He was then posted to the 2nd military region (around Oran), then commanded by future President Chadli Bendjedid, where he established ties with Larbi Belkheir. In 1983, he was posted to Tripoli as military at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohamed Lamari
Lt. Gen. Mohamed Lamari (7 June 1939 – 13 February 2012) () was Chief of Staff of the Algerian army during most of the Algerian Civil War. Personal life He was born on 7 June 1939 in Biskra, to a family originally from Bordj Benazzouz (near Biskra). Early military career He joined the French army, completing his training in the cavalry at the Ecole de guerre in Saumur. In 1961, seven years into the Algerian War of Independence (and just a year before independence), he changed sides, joining the National Liberation Army. After independence, he trained as an artilleryman at the M. V. Frunze Military Academy, then as a general staff officer at the Ecole de Guerre in Paris. From 1970 to 1976 he commanded a regional general staff, then he worked in the general staff operational bureau until 1988, when he became commander of the 5th military region (eastern Algeria around Constantine). In 1989, he became commander of ground forces. Lamari's sons include Farid (a military den ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdelaziz Bouteflika
Abdelaziz Bouteflika (; ; 2 March 1937 – 17 September 2021) was an Algerian politician and diplomat who served as the seventh president of Algeria from 1999 to his resignation in 2019. Before his stint as an Algerian politician, Bouteflika served during the Algerian War as a member of the National Liberation Front (Algeria), National Liberation Front. After Algeria gained its independence from France, he served as the List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Algeria, Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1963 until 1979. He served as President of the United Nations General Assembly during the 1974–1975 session. In 1983 he was convicted of stealing millions of dinars from Algerian embassies during his diplomatic career. In 1999 Algerian presidential election, 1999, Bouteflika was elected president of Algeria in a landslide victory. He would win re-elections in 2004 Algerian presidential election, 2004, 2009 Algerian presidential election, 2009, and 2014 Algerian presidential el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
