Signaling peptide receptor is a type of

receptor Receptor may refer to: * Sensory receptor, in physiology, any neurite structure that, on receiving environmental stimuli, produces an informative nerve impulse *Receptor (biochemistry), in biochemistry, a protein molecule that receives and respond ...

which binds one or more signaling peptides or

signaling protein In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment. Cell signaling is a fundamental property of all cellular life in both prokaryotes and eukaryo ...

s. An example is the

tropomyosin receptor kinase B Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), also known as tyrosine receptor kinase B, or BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor or neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NTRK2'' gene. TrkB is a recept ...

(TrkB), which is bound and activated by the

neurotrophic Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are a family of biomolecules – nearly all of which are peptides or small proteins – that support the growth, survival, and differentiation of both developing and mature neurons. Most NTFs exert their trop ...

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...

brain-derived neurotrophic factor Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or abrineurin, is a protein found in the and the periphery. that, in humans, is encoded by the ''BDNF'' gene. BDNF is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors, which are related to the can ...

(BDNF). Another example is the

μ-opioid receptor The μ-opioid receptors (MOR) are a class of opioid receptors with a high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin, but a low affinity for dynorphins. They are also referred to as μ(''mu'')-opioid peptide (MOP) receptors. The prototypical ...

(MOR), which is bound and activated by the

opioid Opioids are a class of Drug, drugs that derive from, or mimic, natural substances found in the Papaver somniferum, opium poppy plant. Opioids work on opioid receptors in the brain and other organs to produce a variety of morphine-like effects, ...

peptide hormone Peptide hormones are hormones composed of peptide molecules. These hormones influence the endocrine system of animals, including humans. Most hormones are classified as either amino-acid-based hormones (amines, peptides, or proteins) or steroid h ...

β-endorphin.

Adiponectin receptor

AdipoR₁

* Agonists ** Peptide ***

Adiponectin Adiponectin (also referred to as GBP-28, apM1, AdipoQ and Acrp30) is a protein hormone and adipokine, which is involved in regulating glucose levels and fatty acid breakdown. In humans, it is encoded by the ''ADIPOQ'' gene and is produced prima ...

*** ADP-355 *** ADP-399 ** Non-peptide *** AdipoRon *** (–)-Arctigenin *** Arctiin ***

Gramine Gramine (also called donaxine) is a naturally occurring indole alkaloid present in several plant species. Gramine may play a defensive role in these plants, since it is toxic to many organisms. Occurrence Gramine has been found in the giant reed, ...

***

Matairesinol Matairesinol is an organic compound. It is classified as a lignan, i.e., a type of phenylpropanoid. It is present in some cereals, such as rye, and together with secoisolariciresinol has attracted much attention for its beneficial nutritional e ...

* Antagonists ** Peptide *** ADP-400

AdipoR₂

* Agonists ** Peptide ***

*** ADP-355 *** ADP-399 ** Non-peptide *** AdipoRon *** Deoxyschizandrin ***

Parthenolide Parthenolide is a sesquiterpene lactone of the germacranolide class which occurs naturally in the plant feverfew ('' Tanacetum parthenium''), after which it is named, and in the closely related tansy (''Tanacetum vulgare''). It is found in highes ...

*** Syringing ***

Taxifoliol Taxifolin (5,7,3',4'-flavan-on-ol), also known as dihydroquercetin, belongs to the subclass flavanonols in the flavonoids, which in turn is a class of polyphenols. It is extracted from plants such as Siberian larch and milk thistle. Stereocente ...

* Antagonists ** Peptide *** ADP-400

Angiotensin receptor

Bradykinin receptor

* Agonists **

Bradykinin Bradykinin (BK) (from Greek ''brady-'' 'slow' + ''-kinin'', ''kīn(eîn)'' 'to move') is a peptide that promotes inflammation. It causes arterioles to dilate (enlarge) via the release of prostacyclin, nitric oxide, and endothelium-derived hyperpo ...

Kallidin Kallidin belongs to the family kinins, which are the peptide hormones. Kallidin is a decapeptide whose sequence is H-Lys-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg-OH. It can be converted to bradykinin by the aminopeptidase enzyme. Effects of Kinins K ...

* Antagonists ** FR-173657 **

Icatibant Icatibant, sold under the brand name Firazyr, is a medication for the symptomatic treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema (HAE) in adults with C1-esterase-inhibitor deficiency. It is not effective in angioedema caused by medicatio ...

LF22-0542 Safotibant (INN) also known by the research code LF22-0542 is a non-peptide bradykinin B1 antagonist. It displayed binding Ki values of 0.35 and 6.5 nM at cloned human and mouse B1 receptors, respectively, while having no affinity for either huma ...

Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor

* Agonists **

Amylin Amylin, or islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), is a 37-residue peptide hormone. It is co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic β-cells in the ratio of approximately 100:1 (insulin:amylin). Amylin plays a role in glycemic regulation by slo ...

CGRP Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide that belongs to the calcitonin family. Human CGRP consists of two isoforms, CGRP alpha (α-CGRP, also known as CGRP I) and CGRP beta (β-CGRP, also known as CGRP II). α-CGRP is a 37-amino ...

** Pramlintide * Antagonists ** Atogepant ** BI 44370 TA ** CGRP (8-37) ** MK-3207 ** Olcegepant ** Rimegepant ** SB-268262 ** Telcagepant ** Ubrogepant * Antibodies ** Eptinezumab **

Erenumab Erenumab, sold under the brand name Aimovig, is a medication which blocks the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR) for the prevention of migraine. It is administered by subcutaneous injection. Erenumab, which was developed by Amgen ...

** Fremanezumab ** Galcanezumab

Cholecystokinin receptor

CCK_A

* Agonists **

Cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin (CCK or CCK-PZ; from Greek ''chole'', "bile"; ''cysto'', "sac"; ''kinin'', "move"; hence, ''move the bile-sac (gallbladder)'') is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat a ...

* Antagonists ** Amiglumide ** Asperlicin ** Devazepide ** Dexloxiglumide ** Lintitript ** Lorglumide ** Loxiglumide ** Pranazepide **

Proglumide Proglumide, sold under the brand name Milid, is a drug that inhibits gastrointestinal motility Motility is the ability of an organism to move independently using metabolism, metabolic energy. This biological concept encompasses movement at v ...

** Tarazepide ** Tomoglumide

CCK_B

* Agonists **

CCK-4 Cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4, tetragastrin, Trp- Met- Asp- Phe-NH2) is a peptide fragment derived from the larger peptide hormone cholecystokinin. Unlike cholecystokin which has a variety of roles in the gastrointestinal system as well ...

Gastrin Gastrin is a peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach and aids in gastric motility. It is released by G cells in the pyloric antrum of the stomach, duodenum, and the pancreas. ...

** Pentagastrin (CCK-5) * Antagonists ** Ceclazepide ** CI-988 (PD-134308) ** Itriglumide ** L-365,360 ** Netazepide **

** Spiroglumide

Unsorted

* Antagonists ** Nastorazepide

Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor

CRF₁

* Agonists ** Cortagine ** Corticorelin **

Corticotropin-releasing hormone Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (also known as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or corticoliberin; corticotropin may also be spelled corticotrophin) is a peptide hormone involved in stress responses. It is a releasing hormone that b ...

** Sauvagine ** Stressin I ** Urocortin * Antagonists **

Antalarmin Antalarmin (CP-156,181) is a drug that acts as a Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1, CRH1 antagonist. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), also known as Corticotropin-releasing factor family, Corticotropin-releasing factor, is an endog ...

** Astressin-B ** CP-154,526 ** Emicerfont **

Hypericin Hypericin is a carbopolycyclic compound derived from bisanthene with antidepressant properties, found in various ''Hypericum'' species, and is being studied for treating cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Opinions differ on the extent to which hypericin ...

** LWH-234 ** NBI-27914 ** NBI-74788 ** Pexacerfont ** R-121919 ** TS-041 ** Verucerfont

CRF₂

* Agonists ** Corticorelin **

** Sauvagine ** Urocortin * Antagonists ** Astressin-B

Cytokine receptor

Endothelin receptor

* Agonists **

Endothelin 1 Endothelin 1 (ET-1), also known as preproendothelin-1 (PPET1), is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells, as well as by cells in the heart (affecting contractility) and kidney (affecting sodium handling). The protei ...

Endothelin 2 Endothelin 2 (ET-2) is a protein encoded by the EDN2 gene in humans. It was first discovered in 1988 by Yanagisawa and team and belongs to a family of three endothelin peptide Protein isoform, isoforms (Endothelin 1, ET-1, ET-2, Endothelin 3, ET- ...

Endothelin 3 Endothelin-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''EDN3'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the endothelin family. Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoactive peptides involved in a variety of biological functions ...

IRL-1620 Sovateltide (development names IRL-1620 and PMZ-1620, sold in India under the brand name Tyvalzi) is a synthetic analog of endothelin-1 that works as a selective endothelin-B receptor agonist An agonist is a chemical that activates a Receptor ...

** Sarafotoxin * Antagonists ** A-192621 ** Ambrisentan ** Aprocitentan ** Atrasentan ** Avosentan **

Bosentan Bosentan, sold under the brand name Tracleer among others, is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist medication used in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Bosentan is available as film-coated tablets (62.5 mg or 125&nb ...

** BQ-123 ** BQ-788 ** Clazosentan ** Darusentan ** Edonentan ** Enrasentan ** Fandosentan ** Feloprentan ** Macitentan ** Nebentan ** Sitaxentan ** Sparsentan ** Tezosentan ** Zibotentan

Galanin receptor

GAL₁

* Agonists **

Galanin Galanin is a neuropeptide encoded by the ''GAL'' gene, that is widely expressed in the brain, spinal cord, and gut of humans as well as other mammals. Galanin signaling occurs through three G protein-coupled receptors. Much of galanin's functio ...

** Galanin (1-15) **

Galanin-like peptide Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a neuropeptide present in humans and other mammals. It is a 60-amino acid polypeptide produced in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus The hypothalamus (: hypothalami; ) is a small part of the vertebrate ...

** Galmic ** Galnon ** NAX 810-2 * Antagonists ** C7 ** Dithiepine-1,1,4,4-tetroxide ** Galantide (M15) ** M32 **

M35 M35, M.35 or M-35 may refer to: Military * M35 series 2½-ton 6×6 cargo truck, a US Army truck * , a Royal Navy mine countermeasures vessel launched in 1982 * ADGZ or ''M35 Mittlere Panzerwagen'', a 1930s Austrian Army heavy armored car * Cannone ...

** M40 ** SCH-202596

GAL₂

* Agonists **

** Galanin (1-15) ** Galanin (2-11) **

** Galmic ** Galnon ** J18 ** NAX 810-2 * Antagonists ** C7 ** Galantide (M15) ** M32 **

** M40 ** M871

GAL₃

* Agonists **

** Galanin (1-15) ** Galmic ** Galnon * Antagonists ** C7 ** Galantide (M15) ** GalR3ant ** HT-2157 ** M32 **

** M40 ** SNAP-37889 ** SNAP-398299

Growth hormone secretagogue receptor

Growth hormone receptor

Growth-hormone-releasing hormone receptor

Glucagon-like peptide receptor

GLP-1

* Agonists ** Albiglutide ** Beinaglutide **

Dulaglutide Dulaglutide, sold under the brand name Trulicity among others, is a medication used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in combination with diet and exercise. It is also approved in the United States for the reduction of major adverse cardio ...

** Efpeglenatide **

Exenatide Exenatide, sold under the brand name Byetta among others, is a medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is used together with diet, exercise, and potentially other antidiabetic medication. It is a treatment option after metformin and sulf ...

GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a 30- or 31-amino-acid-long peptide hormone deriving from tissue-specific posttranslational processing of the proglucagon peptide. It is produced and secreted by intestinal enteroendocrine L-cells and certai ...

** Langlenatide **

Liraglutide Liraglutide, sold under the brand name Victoza among others, is an anti-diabetic medication used to treat type2 diabetes, and chronic obesity. It is a second-line therapy for diabetes following first-line therapy with metformin. Its effects ...

** Lixisenatide **

Oxyntomodulin Oxyntomodulin (often abbreviated OXM) is a naturally occurring 37-amino acid peptide hormone found in the colon, produced by the oxyntic ( fundic) cells of the oxyntic (fundic) mucosa. It has been found to suppress appetite. The mechanism of a ...

** Pegapamodutide **

Semaglutide Semaglutide is an anti-diabetic medication used for the treatment of type2 diabetes and an anti-obesity medication used for long-term weight management. It is a peptide similar to the hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), modified with a ...

** Taspoglutide

GLP-2

* Agonists ** Apraglutide ** Elsiglutide ** Glepaglutide ** GLP-2 **

Teduglutide Teduglutide, sold under the brand names Revestive (EU) and Gattex (US), is a 33-membered polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog that is used for the treatment of short bowel syndrome. It works by promoting mucosal growth and po ...

Others

* Propeptides **

Preproglucagon Proglucagon is a protein that is a precursor of glucagon and several other components. It is cleaved from preproglucagon. Proglucagon is generated in the alpha cells of the pancreas and in the intestinal L cells in the distal ileum and colon. ...

Proglucagon Proglucagon is a protein that is a precursor of glucagon and several other components. It is cleaved from preproglucagon. Proglucagon is generated in the alpha cells of the pancreas and in the intestinal L cells in the distal ileum and colon. ...

Glucagon receptor

* Agonists ** Dasiglucagon **

Glucagon Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas. It raises the concentration of glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream and is considered to be the main catabolic hormone of the body. It is also used as a Glucagon (medic ...

* Antagonists ** Adomeglivant ** L-168,049 ** LGD-6972 * Propeptides **

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor

Gonadotropin receptor

Growth factor receptor

Insulin receptor

* Agonists ** Chaetochromin (4548-G05) **

Insulin-like growth factor 1 Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also called somatomedin C, is a hormone similar in tertiary structure, molecular structure to insulin which plays an important role in childhood growth, and has Anabolism, anabolic effects in adults. In the ...

Insulin-like growth factor 2 Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) is one of three protein hormones that share structural similarity to insulin. The MeSH definition reads: "A well-characterized neutral peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the bloo ...

Insulin Insulin (, from Latin ''insula'', 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin (''INS)'' gene. It is the main Anabolism, anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabol ...

** Insulin aspart ** Insulin degludec ** Insulin detemir **

Insulin glargine Insulin glargine sold under the brand name Lantus among others is a long-acting modified form of medical insulin, used in the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is injected just under the skin. Effects generally begin an hour af ...

** Insulin glulisine **

Insulin lispro Insulin lispro, sold under the brand name Humalog among others, is a modified type of medical insulin used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is delivered subcutaneously either by injection or from an insulin pump. Onset of effects t ...

Mecasermin Mecasermin, sold under the brand name Increlex, also known as recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1), is a recombinant form of human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) which is used in the long-term treatment of growth failu ...

Mecasermin rinfabate Mecasermin rinfabate (INN, USAN) (brand name Iplex), also known as /, is a drug consisting of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and recombinant human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) which is used fo ...

* Antagonists ** BMS-754807 ** S661 ** S961 * Kinase inhibitors ** Linsitinib * Antibodies ** Xentuzumab (against IGF-1 and IGF-2)

KiSS1-derived peptide receptor

* Agonists ** Kisspeptin (kisspeptin-54, metastin) ** Kisspeptin-10 ** KISS1-305 ** MVT-602 (RVT-602, TAK-448) ** TAK-683 * Antagonists ** Kisspeptin-234

Leptin receptor

* Agonists **

Leptin Leptin (from Ancient Greek, Greek λεπτός ''leptos'', "thin" or "light" or "small"), also known as obese protein, is a protein hormone predominantly made by adipocytes (cells of adipose tissue). Its primary role is likely to regulate long ...

** Metreleptin

Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor

MCH₁

* Agonists ** Melanin-concentrating hormone * Antagonists ** ATC-0065 ** ATC-0175 ** GW-803430 ** NGD-4715 ** SNAP-7941 ** SNAP-94847

MCH₂

* Agonists ** Melanin-concentrating hormone

Melanocortin receptor

Neuropeptide FF receptor

* Agonists **

Neuropeptide AF Neuropeptides are chemical messengers made up of small chains of amino acids that are synthesized and released by neurons. Neuropeptides typically bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to modulate neural activity and other tissues like the ...

Neuropeptide FF Neuropeptide FF (NPFF, FLFQPQRFa) is a mammalian amidated neuropeptide originally isolated from bovine brain and characterized as a Nociception, pain-modulating peptide, with anti-opioid activity on morphine-induced analgesia. In humans, neuropep ...

** Neuropeptide SF (RFRP-1) ** Neuropeptide VF (RFRP-3) * Antagonists ** BIBP-3226 ** RF9

Neuropeptide S receptor

* Agonists ** Neuropeptide S * Antagonists ** ML-154 **

SHA-68 SHA-68 is a drug which acts as a binding selectivity, selective, non-peptide Antagonist (pharmacology), antagonist at the neuropeptide S Receptor (biochemistry), receptor Neuropeptide S receptor, NPSR. In animal studies it reduced motor stereotyp ...

Neuropeptide Y receptor

Y₁

* Agonists **

Neuropeptide Y Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino-acid neuropeptide that is involved in various physiological and homeostatic processes in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It is secreted alongside other neurotransmitters such as GABA and glu ...

Peptide YY Peptide YY (PYY), also known as peptide tyrosine tyrosine, is a peptide that in humans is encoded by the gene. Peptide YY is a short (36-amino acid) peptide released from cells in the ileum and colon in response to feeding. In the blood, gut ...

* Antagonists ** BIBO-3304 ** BIBP-3226 ** BVD-10 ** GR-231118 ** PD-160170

Y₂

* Agonists ** 2-Thiouridine 5'-triphosphate **

** Neuropeptide Y (13-36) **

** Peptide YY (3-36) * Antagonists ** BIIE-0246 ** JNJ-5207787 ** SF-11

Y₄

* Agonists ** GR-231118 **

Pancreatic polypeptide Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a polypeptide secreted by PP cells in the endocrine pancreas. It is a hormone and it regulates pancreatic secretion activities, and also impacts liver glycogen storage and gastrointestinal secretion. Its secreti ...

* Antagonists ** UR-AK49

Y₅

* Agonists ** BWX-46 **

* Antagonists ** CGP-71683 ** FMS-586 ** L-152,804 ** Lu AA-33810 ** MK-0557 ** NTNCB ** Velneperit (S-2367)

Neurotensin receptor

NTS₁

* Agonists **

Neurotensin Neurotensin is a 13 amino acid neuropeptide that is implicated in the regulation of luteinizing hormone and prolactin release and has significant interaction with the dopaminergic system. Neurotensin was first isolated from extracts of bovine ...

** Neuromedin N * Antagonists ** Meclinertant ** SR-142948

NTS₂

* Agonists **

* Antagonists **

Levocabastine Levocabastine (trade name Livostin or Livocab, depending on the region) is a selective second-generation H1 receptor antagonist which was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1979. It is used for allergic conjunctivitis. As well as acting as ...

*** SR-142948

Opioid receptor

Orexin receptor

Oxytocin receptor

Prolactin receptor

Parathyroid hormone receptor

* Agonists **

Abaloparatide Abaloparatide, sold under the brand name Tymlos among others, is a parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) analogue medication used to treat osteoporosis. It is an anabolic (i.e., bone growing) agent. The most common side effects include h ...

Parathyroid hormone Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a peptide hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands that regulates serum calcium and phosphate through its actions on the bone, kidneys, and small intestine. PTH incre ...

** Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) ** Semparatide **

Teriparatide Teriparatide, sold under the brand name Forteo, is a form of parathyroid hormone (PTH) consisting of the first (N-terminus) 34 amino acids, which is the portion of the hormone activating the Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor. It is an effective an ...

Relaxin receptor

* Agonists ** Insulin-like factor 3 ** Relaxin ( 1, 2, 3) ** Serelaxin

Somatostatin receptor

Tachykinin receptor

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor

* Agonists ** Azetirelin ** JTP-2942 ** Montirelin ** Orotirelin ** Posatirelin ** Protirelin ** Rovatirelin ** RX-77368 (thymoliberin) ** Taltirelin ** TRH (TRF)

Thyrotropin receptor

* Agonists ** Thyrotropin alfa ** TSH (thyrotropin)

Vasopressin receptor

Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor and Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide

VIPR₁

* Agonists ** Peptide *** Bay 55-9837 *** LBT-3393 ***

PACAP Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, also known as PACAP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ADCYAP1'' gene. PACAP is similar to vasoactive intestinal peptide. One of its effects is to stimulate enterochromaffin-like c ...

*** VIP

VIPR₂

* Agonists ** Peptide *** LBT-3627 ***

*** VIP

PAC₁

* Agonists **

** PACAP (1-27) ** PACAP (1-38) * Antagonists ** PACAP (6-38)

Unsorted

PHI Phi ( ; uppercase Φ, lowercase φ or ϕ; ''pheî'' ; Modern Greek: ''fi'' ) is the twenty-first letter of the Greek alphabet. In Archaic and Classical Greek (c. 9th to 4th century BC), it represented an aspirated voiceless bilabial plos ...

* PHM * PHV

Others

* Endogenous **

Adrenomedullin Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a peptide hormone that plays an important role in various physiological processes throughout the human body. Initially discovered in 1993 from a pheochromocytoma, a tumor of the adrenal medulla, this 52-amino acid peptid ...

Apelin Apelin (also known as APLN) is a peptide that in humans is encoded by the ''APLN'' gene. Apelin is one of two endogenous ligands for the G-protein-coupled APJ receptor that is expressed at the surface of some cell types. It is widely expressed ...

** Asprosin **

Bombesin Bombesin is a 14-amino acid peptide originally isolated from the skin of the European fire-bellied toad (''Bombina bombina'') by Vittorio Erspamer ''et al.'' and named after its source. NIHMSID 45053. It has two known homologs in mammals call ...

Calcitonin Calcitonin is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone secreted by parafollicular cells (also known as C cells) of the thyroid (or endostyle) in humans and other chordates in the ultimopharyngeal body. It acts to reduce blood calcium (Ca2+), opposing the ...

Carnosine Carnosine (''beta''-alanyl-L-histidine) is a dipeptide molecule, made up of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine. It is highly concentrated in muscle and brain tissues. Carnosine was discovered by Russian chemist Vladimir Gulevich. Ca ...

CART A cart or dray (Australia and New Zealand) is a vehicle designed for transport, using two wheels and normally pulled by draught animals such as horses, donkeys, mules and oxen, or even smaller animals such as goats or large dogs. A handcart ...

** CLIP ** DSIP **

Enteroglucagon Enteroglucagon is a peptide hormone derived from preproglucagon. It is a gastrointestinal hormone, secreted from mucosal cells primarily of the colon and terminal ileum. It consists of 37 amino acids. Enteroglucagon is released when fats and gluc ...

** Formyl peptide ** GALP ** GIP ** GRP **

Integrin Integrins are transmembrane receptors that help cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. Upon ligand binding, integrins activate signal transduction pathways that mediate cellular signals such as regulation of the cell cycle, o ...

ligands ***

collagen Collagen () is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of the connective tissues of many animals. It is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up 25% to 35% of protein content. Amino acids are bound together to form a trip ...

s ***

fibrinogen Fibrinogen (coagulation factor I) is a glycoprotein protein complex, complex, produced in the liver, that circulates in the blood of all vertebrates. During tissue and vascular injury, it is converted Enzyme, enzymatically by thrombin to fibrin ...

***

fibronectin Fibronectin is a high- molecular weight (~500-~600 kDa) glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix that binds to membrane-spanning receptor proteins called integrins. Fibronectin also binds to other extracellular matrix proteins such as col ...

***

laminin Laminins are a family of glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix of all animals. They are major constituents of the basement membrane, namely the basal lamina (the protein network foundation for most cells and organs). Laminins are vital to bi ...

s ***

ICAM-1 ICAM-1 (Intercellular adhesion molecule, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) also known as CD54 (Cluster of Differentiation 54) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ICAM1'' gene. This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein which is ty ...

*** ICAM-2 ***

osteopontin Osteopontin (OPN), also known as bone /sialoprotein I (BSP-1 or BNSP), early T-lymphocyte activation (ETA-1), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), 2ar and Rickettsia resistance (Ric), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SPP1'' gene (sec ...

***

VCAM-1 Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 also known as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) or cluster of differentiation 106 (CD106) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''VCAM1'' gene. VCAM-1 functions as a cell adhesion molecule. Str ...

***

vitronectin Vitronectin (VTN or VN) is a glycoprotein of the hemopexin family which is synthesized and excreted by the liver, and abundantly found in serum, the extracellular matrix and bone. In humans it is encoded by the ''VTN'' gene. Vitronectin bind ...

Kininogen Kininogens are Protein precursor, precursor proteins for Kinin, kinins, biologically active Peptide, polypeptides involved in blood coagulation, vasodilation, smooth muscle contraction, Inflammation, inflammatory regulation, and the regulation of t ...

s **

Motilin Motilin is a 22-amino acid polypeptide hormone in the motilin family that, in humans, is encoded by the ''MLN'' gene. Motilin is secreted by endocrine Mo cells (also referred to as M cells, which are not the same as the M cells, or microfold ...

Natriuretic peptide A natriuretic peptide is a hormone molecule that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the cardiovascular system. These hormones were first discovered in the 1980s and were found to have very strong diuretic, natriuretic, and vasodilatory eff ...

s *** ANP *** BNP *** CNP *** urodilatin **

Nesfatin-1 Nesfatin-1 is a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus of mammals. It participates in the regulation of hunger and fat storage. Increased nesfatin-1 in the hypothalamus contributes to diminished hunger, a 'sense of fullness', and a potential ...

Neuromedin B Neuromedin B (NMB) is a bombesin-related peptide in mammals. It was originally purified from pig spinal cord, and later shown to be present in human central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Sequence The sequence of the C-terminal decap ...

** Neuromedin N ** Neuromedin S ** Neuromedin U **

Obestatin Obestatin is a hormone that is produced in specialized epithelial cells of the stomach and small intestine of several animals including humans. Obestatin was originally identified as an anorectic peptide, but its effect on food intake remains cont ...

Osteocalcin Osteocalcin, also known as bone gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein (BGLAP), is a small (49-amino-acid) noncollagenous protein hormone found in bone and dentin, first identified as a calcium-binding protein. Because osteocalcin has ...

Resistin Resistin, also known as adipose tissue-specific secretory factor (ADSF) or C/EBP-epsilon-regulated myeloid-specific secreted cysteine-rich protein (XCP1), is a cysteine-rich peptide hormone that is derived from adipose tissue and, in humans, is ...

Secretin Secretin is a hormone that regulates water homeostasis throughout the body and influences the environment of the duodenum by regulating secretions in the stomach, pancreas, and liver. It is a peptide hormone produced in the S cells of the duodenum ...

Thymopoietin Lamina-associated polypeptide 2 (LAP2), isoforms beta/gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TMPO'' gene. LAP2 is an inner nuclear membrane (INM) protein. Thymopoietin is a protein involved in the induction of CD90 in the thymus ...

** Thymosins ** Thymulin ** Urotensin-II **

VGF VGF or VGF nerve growth factor inducible is a secreted protein and neuropeptide precursor that may play a role in regulating energy homeostasis, metabolism and synaptic plasticity. The protein was first discovered in 1985 by Levi ''et al''. in a ...

* Exogenous **

Lifitegrast Lifitegrast, sold under the brand name Xiidra (), is a medication for the treatment of signs and symptoms of dry eye, a syndrome called keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Lifitegrast reduces inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory cell binding. It is ...

(LFA-1 antagonist)

References

External links

* {{G protein-coupled receptors Peptides Receptors

Adiponectin receptor

AdipoR1

AdipoR2

Angiotensin receptor

Bradykinin receptor

Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor

Cholecystokinin receptor

CCKA

CCKB

Unsorted

Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor

CRF1

CRF2

Cytokine receptor

Endothelin receptor

Galanin receptor

GAL1

GAL2

GAL3

Growth hormone secretagogue receptor

Growth hormone receptor

Growth-hormone-releasing hormone receptor

Glucagon-like peptide receptor

GLP-1

GLP-2

Others

Glucagon receptor

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor

Gonadotropin receptor

Growth factor receptor

Insulin receptor

KiSS1-derived peptide receptor

Leptin receptor

Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor

MCH1

MCH2

Melanocortin receptor

Neuropeptide FF receptor

Neuropeptide S receptor

Neuropeptide Y receptor

Y1

Y2

Y4

Y5

Neurotensin receptor

NTS1

NTS2

Opioid receptor

Orexin receptor

Oxytocin receptor

Prolactin receptor

Parathyroid hormone receptor

Relaxin receptor

Somatostatin receptor

Tachykinin receptor

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor

Thyrotropin receptor

Vasopressin receptor

Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor and Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide

VIPR1

VIPR2

PAC1

Unsorted

Others

See also

References

External links

AdipoR₁

AdipoR₂

CCK_A

CCK_B

CRF₁

CRF₂

GAL₁

GAL₂

GAL₃

MCH₁

MCH₂

Y₁

Y₂

Y₄

Y₅

NTS₁

NTS₂

VIPR₁

VIPR₂

PAC₁