Separatism In Europe on:
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This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe.
Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic
* People: Talysh people
** Proposed: Talysh province with regional administration within the borders of Azerbaijan
*** Political organisation: Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic
Lezgistan
* Ethnic group: Lezgins
** Proposed: Autonomy or outright independence for Lezgistan
** Political organisation: 
Sadval movement, Federal Lezgian National and Cultural Autonomy
;Autonomist movements
The northeastern 1/3 territory of island of Cyprus
* People: Turkish Cypriots
** ''De facto'' state: (recognized only by
;Autonomist movements
* People: Faroese
** Proposed state:
*** Political parties: 
* People: Åland Swedes
** Proposed state:
*** Political party:
* People: Alsatians (Allemanics)
** Proposed state:
*** Political parties: Elsass Zuerst, 
French Basque Country
* People: Basque
** Proposed state: unification with the
''Towards a Basque State. Nation-building and institutions''
Bilbo: UEU, 2012 . *** Political parties:
Historic 
* People: Corsicans
** Proposed state:
*** Political party: 
* People: Provençals (Occitans)
** Proposed state: Provence
*** Militant group: Front Nacionala Liberacion de Provença
* People: Alsatians (Allemanics)
** Proposed autonomous area:
*** Political parties: Elsass Zuerst, ,
Satzung der Bayernpartei
', 30. October 2011, from: ''bayernpartei.de'', 28 August 2018
North Kosovo/ Ibar Kolašin
* People: Kosovo Serbs
** Proposed state: 
Community of Serb Municipalities within or re-unification with
*** Political organisations: Assembly of the Community of Municipalities (status unknown), Serb List
;Breakaway state
Lusitania
*** Political party:
* People: Székelys
** Proposed autonomous area: Székely Land
*** Political organisations: Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, the demand for Hungarian autonomy has been part of their program since 1993. Hungarian Civic Party (Romania), Hungarian Civic Party, they signed a settlement with the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania about cooperation and joint support for Hungarian autonomy. Hungarian People's Party of Transylvania (PPMT), the party proposes the establishments of Transylvanian parliament and government and supports the case of Székely autonomy in Székely Land. It also advocates territorial autonomy for Partium.
*** Advocacy organisations: Szekler National Council
Partium
* People: Hungarians of Romania, Hungarians
** Proposed autonomous area: Partium
*** Advocacy organisations: Hungarian National Council of Transylvania
;
;Autonomist movements
Komi-Permyak Okrug
*People: Komi peoples, Komi and Komi-Permyaks
**Proposed federal subject: Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug
;Ural Federal District
Sverdlovsk Oblast
*People: Russians
**Proposed state: Ural Republic
**Geography: Sverdlovsk Oblast, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Kurgan Oblast, Perm Krai, Orenburg Oblast
***Advocacy groups: Ural Democratic Foundation, Free Ural
Volga Federal District
Idel-Ural State, Idel-Ural
*People: Bashkirs, Chuvash people, Chuvash, Erzyas, Erzya, Mari people, Mari, Mokshas, Tatars, Udmurt people, Udmurts
**Proposed state: Idel-Ural State, Idel-Ural Republic
***Advocacy group: Free Idel-Ural.
Tatarstan
*People: Tatars
**Militant organisation: All-Tatar Public Center
***Advocacy groups: The Union of Tatar Youth, Tatar Patriotic Front Altyn Urda, Tatar Social Center
***Government in exile: Tatar Government in Exile
***Organisation: Ittifaq Party
**Proposed state: Tatarstan
*People: Udmurts
**Proposed state:
***Movement: Congress of the Peoples of Udmurtia
***Advocacy groups::ru:Удмурт Кенеш, Udmurt Kenesh, Udmurt National Centre, Udmurt National Progress, Odmort
***Political parties: Udmurt Republican National Party, Udmurt National Progress
Bashkortostan
*People: Bashkirs, Bashkir
**Proposed state: Bashkortostan
***Advocacy groups: Bashkort Public Organization, Bashkir Human Rights Movement, Council of Aksakals of Bashkortostan, Bashkir Social Movement
***Political party: The Heavenly Wolf
Chuvashia
*People: Chuvash people, Chuvash
**Proposed state: Chuvashia
***Movements: Chuvash National Movement, Chuvash Republican Youth
***Organisation: Chuvash Ireklekh Society of National-Cultural Rebirth
;Northwestern Federal District
Arkhangelsk Oblast
* People: Pomors
**Proposed state: Pomors, Pomorye/Biarmia
*People: Komi peoples, Komi
**Proposed state:
***Political organisations: Komi Republican Organization
***Advocacy movements: Komi Voityr, Finno-Ugric Peoples Consultative Committee
***Organisation: Komi People's Congress
*People: Karelian people, Karelians, Vepsians, Russians, Finns, Pomors
**Proposed state: Karelia
***Political organisation: Republican Movement of Karelia, Karelian Republican Movement
***Advocacy movements: Stop the Occupation of Karelia, Free Karelia, Karelian National Movement
Kaliningrad Oblast
* People: Russians, Russian, Sadval movement
***Organisation: Federal Lezgin National Cultural Autonomy (member of UNPO)
North Ossetia–Alania, North Ossetia-Alania
* People:
Image Note: Republic of Vojvodina within federalized Serbia, proposed by the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina in 1999 – the map also includes an autonomous Sandžak, Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, Kosovo and the metropolitan area of Belgrade as a distinctive administrative unit as well
;Autonomist movements
Vojvodina
* Proposals for Hungarian Regional Autonomy in the northern part of Vojvodina:
** People: Hungarians in Serbia, Hungarians of Vojvodina
** Political parties: Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians, Democratic Party of Vojvodina Hungarians, Democratic Fellowship of Vojvodina Hungarians.
Sandžak
* People: Bosniaks of Serbia
** Proposed autonomous province: Sandžak
** Advocacy groups (autonomist): Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak, Islamic Community in Serbia
;Breakaway state
* People: Albanians in Kosovo
* Proposed: Republic of Kosovo, unification with
** ''De facto'' state: Kosovo, Republic of Kosovo (International recognition of Kosovo, recognised by 50% of UN member states)
*** Political organisation: Government of Kosovo
*** Movement: Albanian nationalism in Kosovo
;Autonomist movements
Southern Slovakia:
* People: Hungarians in Slovakia, Hungarians
** Proposed autonomous area: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of Hungarian presence, or unification with
*** Political parties (autonomist): Party of the Hungarian Community, In 2010, the party renewed their demand for autonomy.
;Secessionist movements
* People: Andalusian people, Andalusian
** Proposed state: Andalusia
*** Political parties (nationalist): Bloque Andaluz de Izquierdas
*** Political parties (secessionist): Nación Andaluza, Candidatura Unitaria de Trabajadores
* People: Aragonese people, Aragonese
** Proposed state
*** Socialist: Regional Defence Council of Aragon, Aragon
*** Federalist: Aragon
**** Political party (nationalist): Aragonese Council, Chunta Aragonesista
**** Political party (secessionist): Puyalón de Cuchas,
**** Trade union
Sindicato Obrero Aragonés
(SOA) * People: Asturian people, Asturians ** Proposed state: Asturias *** Political parties (autonomist): Partíu Asturianista, Asturian Renewal Union, Unión Renovadora Asturiana *** Political parties (nationalist): Unidá, Compromisu por Asturies *** Political parties (secessionist): Andecha Astur *** Youth movements: Darréu *** Trade unions: Corriente Sindical d'Izquierda Basque Country (autonomous community) * People: Basque people, Basques ** Proposed state: Basque Country (greater region), Basque Country (greater region) – ''Euskal Herria'' *** Political parties: Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea (Basque Nationalist Party) (member of the European Democratic Party), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Bildu, Eusko Abertzale Ekintza (Basque Nationalist Action) *** Trade union:
Skåneland, Scania
* Ethnocultural people: Scania, Scanians
** Proposed state: Skåneland, Scania
*** Political party: Scania Party
File:Les districts jurassiens.png, The seven Jura districts in Switzerland
File:Map Languages CH.png, The French-speaking part of Switzerland is shown in green on this map
;Autonomist movements
Jura region
* People: Jurassien (French-speaking)
** Proposed autonomous area: unification of the three districts of Bernese Jura and the Laufen District with the Canton of Jura
*** Militant organisations: Mouvement Autonomiste Jurassien (Jurassian Autonomist Movement), Groupe Bélier (Youth activists movement)
Romandy
* People: Romands (French-speaking Swiss people, Swiss)
** Proposed autonomous area: Romandy
*** Movements:
Ticino
* People: Ticinese dialect, Ticinese (Italian/Lombard-speaking Swiss people, Swiss)
** Proposed autonomous area: unification of the Moesa Region with Ticino and stronger bonds with Lombardy (historical region), Lombardy
*** Political parties: Lega Sud Ticino
and
* People: Russians in Ukraine
** ''De facto'' entity: and within the
*** Political organisation: State Council of Crimea, Legislative Assembly of Sevastopol
* People: Crimean Tatars
** Proposed: autonomy or independence within unitary
*** Political organisations: Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar People
,
* People: Russians in Ukraine
** ''De facto'' entity: , (Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts, illegaly annexed by russia)
*** Political organisations: People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic, People's Council of the Luhansk People's Republic
*** paramilitary organisation: Russian people's militias in Ukraine
Odessa People's Republic
* Proposed: unification with /
* Political organisations: Volodymyr Saldo Bloc, Derzhava (Ukrainian party), Derzhava, Opposition Bloc
* Military organisation: Russian Ground Forces
Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast, 
Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast, Russian-occupied Kherson Oblast, 
Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast, Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast
* People: Collaboration with Russia during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Local Collaborators, Russian Ground Forces
** ''De facto'' states:
Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast, Russian-occupied Kherson Oblast,
Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast
Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast, Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast
*** Proposed: unification with
*** Political organisations: Volodymyr Saldo Bloc, Derzhava (Ukrainian party), Derzhava, Opposition Bloc
*** Military organisation: Russian Ground Forces
Carpathian Ruthenia
* People: Russians in Ukraine, Hungarians in Ukraine, 
Rusyns
** Proposed: autonomy or independence within unitary or unification with
** Political organisations: "Subcarpathian republican party", "Volodymyr Saldo Bloc", Derzhava (Ukrainian party), "Derzhava", "World Congress of Rusyns", "Opposition Bloc","Russkiy dom", "Subcarpathian Ruthenia movement" "Russkiy Mir Foundation", "Association of Zakarpattia democrats", and other pro-Russian organizations. Rusyns#Autonomist and separatist movements, "Rusyn separatist movement" led by the Orthodox priest Dimitry Sydor (now Archbishop of Uzhorod, in the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate))
;Major movements
* People: English people, English
** Proposed state:
*** Political parties: English DemocratsEnglish Democrats seek independence for England
BBC News. Retrieved 27 February 2016. Northern Ireland * People: Irish People, Irish, People of Northern Ireland, Northern Irish (Nationalists) ** Proposed state: Re-unification with *** Political parties: Sinn Féin, Fianna Fáil, Éirígí, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Aontú, People Before Profit, Communist Party of Ireland, Irish Republican Socialist Party, Republican Network for Unity, Socialist Workers Network, Workers Party of Ireland *** Militant organisations: Real Irish Republican Army, RIRA, Continuity Irish Republican Army, CIRA * People: Scottish people, Scots ** Proposed state: *** Political parties: Scottish National Party (EFA member), Scottish Greens, Scottish Socialist Party, Action for Independence, Alba Party, Alba, Restore Scotland, Red Party of Scotland, Scotland's Independence Referendum Party, Solidarity (Scotland), Solidarity, Scotia Future, Independence for Scotland Party, Scottish Libertarian Party, Scottish Democratic Alliance, Siol nan Gaidheal *** Advocacy groups: Scottish Independence Convention (Common Weal, People's Voice (Scottish pro-independence group), People's Voice, Scottish Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Scottish CND, Voices for Scotland, Voice for Scotland, Women for Independence), Yes Scotland, Labour for Independence, Scottish Liberals for Independence * People: Welsh people, Welsh ** Proposed state: *** Political parties: Gwlad, Plaid Cymru, Propel (political party), Propel, Plaid Glyndŵr *** Advocacy groups: YesCymru ;Minor movements * People: Cornish people, Cornish ** Proposed state: *** Political parties: Mebyon Kernow Cornish Nationalist Party * People: Demography of London, Londoners ** Proposed state: *** Political parties
Londependence Party
Midlands * People: Midlands, Midlanders ** Proposed state: Mercia *** Advocacy groups: Acting Witan of Mercia, Sovereign Mercia Northern England * Proposed state: Northern England, under the name of Northumbria ** Political Parties: Northern Independence Party ;Autonomist movements Canvey Island * People: Canvey Islanders ** Proposed autonomous area: Canvey Island *** Political Parties: Canvey Island Independent Party * People: English people, English ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties: English Democrats,Northern Independence Party: the new campaign for an independent North of England explained
BBC News. Retrieved 29 October 2020. United Kingdom Independence Party, UKIP *** Advocacy groups: Campaign for an English Parliament * People: Scottish people, Scots ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties: Scottish National Party (EFA member) * People: Welsh people, Welsh ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties: Plaid Cymru (possibly including the Isles of Scilly) * People: Cornish people, Cornish ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties: Green Party of England and Wales, Mebyon Kernow (EFA member), Cornish Nationalist Party, Liberal Democrats (UK), Liberal Democrats *** Advocacy groups: Cornish Constitutional Convention, Cornwall 2000, Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament, Wessex Constitutional Convention * People: People of Shetland ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Advocacy group: Wir Shetland * People: People of Yorkshire ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties: Yorkshire Party *** Advocacy group: Yorkshire Devolution Movement North East England * People: People of North East England ** Proposed autonomous area: North East England *** Political parties: North East Party * Ethnic group: People of Wessex ** Proposed: autonomy for Wessex *** Political party: Wessex Regionalists *** Advocacy group: Wessex Constitutional Convention ;Independence movements of dependent territories * People: Manx people, Manx * Proposed State: ** Political party: Mec Vannin ** Advocacy group: ;Autonomist movements of dependent territories * People: Vaques * Proposed State: **Advocacy group: States of Alderney
From Spain to Iraq, states have to see that suppressing secession won't workDisintegration of Britain and Spain both possible
{{DEFAULTSORT:Active Separatist Movements In Europe, List Of Disputed territories in Europe, Separatist Movements, Active, List Of Europe-related lists, Separatist Movements, Active Lists of active separatist movements, Europe Secessionist organizations in Europe, Society-related lists, Separatist Movements in Europe, Active Stateless nationalism in Europe,
This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe. Separatism
Separatism is the advocacy of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. As with secession, separatism conventionally refers to full political separation. Groups simply seeking greate ...
often refers to full political secession
Secession is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity, but also from any organization, union or military alliance. Some of the most famous and significant secessions have been: the former Soviet republics le ...
, though separatist movements may seek nothing more than greater autonomy
In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy, from , ''autonomos'', from αὐτο- ''auto-'' "self" and νόμος ''nomos'', "law", hence when combined understood to mean "one who gives oneself one's ...
or to be recognised as a national minority.
What is and is not considered an autonomist
Autonomism, also known as autonomist Marxism is an anti-capitalist left-wing political and social movement and theory. As a theoretical system, it first emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerism (). Later, post-Marxist and anarchist tendenci ...
or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
# They are active movements with active members;
# They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination
The right of a people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a ''jus cogens'' rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms. It stat ...
for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy);
# They are citizens/people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following:
* ''De facto'' state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy;
* Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state;
* Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession;
** De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region;
** Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control;
** Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession;
** Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations;
** Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities;
** Ethnic
An ethnic group or an ethnicity is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups. Those attributes can include common sets of traditions, ancestry, language, history, ...
/ethno-religious
An ethnoreligious group (or an ethno-religious group) is a grouping of people who are unified by a common religious and ethnic background.
Furthermore, the term ethno-religious group, along with ethno-regional and ethno-linguistic groups, is a s ...
/ racial/ regional/ religious group(s).
Various ethnic groups in Europe are seeking greater autonomy or independence. In the European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been des ...
(EU), several of these groups are members of the European Free Alliance (EFA). In some cases, the group seeks to unify into a different state – in cases where this does not involve the creation of a new state entity, this is considered to be irredentism. Analogous irredentist movements are included in the list of active irredentist movements
This is a list of irredentist claims or disputes. Irredentism is any political or popular movement that seeks to claim or reclaim and occupy a land that the movement's members consider to be a "lost" (or "unredeemed") territory from their natio ...
.
Azerbaijan
Territory of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast * People: Armenians in Azerbaijan ** ''De facto'' state: ( recognised by 3 non-UN members) *** Proposed: recognition of Artsakh status based onself-determination
The right of a people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a ''jus cogens'' rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms. It stat ...
principle
*** Political organisation: National Assembly
In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the repre ...
*** Military organisation: Artsakh Defense Army
Territory of the short-lived Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic
* People: Talysh people
** Proposed: Talysh province with regional administration within the borders of Azerbaijan
*** Political organisation: Talysh National Movement
The Talysh National Movement is a Talysh people, Talysh movement created in 2007 in the Netherlands, where part of the Talysh leadership lives in exile. Many of the movement's members had previously participated in the formation of the Talysh-Mugh ...
*** Government in exile: Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic
Lezgistan
* Ethnic group: Lezgins
** Proposed: Autonomy or outright independence for Lezgistan
** Political organisation: Sadval movement, Federal Lezgian National and Cultural Autonomy
Belgium
;Autonomist movements * People:Germans
, native_name_lang = de
, region1 =
, pop1 = 72,650,269
, region2 =
, pop2 = 534,000
, region3 =
, pop3 = 157,000
3,322,405
, region4 =
, pop4 = ...
** Autonomous area: Eastern Belgium
*** Political parties: ProDG (former EFA member), Party for Freedom and Progress
The Party for Freedom and Progress ( nl, Partij voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang; french: Parti de la Liberté et du Progrès; german: Partei für Freiheit und Fortschritt, PVV-PLP) was a liberal political party in Belgium which existed from 1961 unti ...
, Christian Social Party
* People: Flemish
Flemish (''Vlaams'') is a Low Franconian dialect cluster of the Dutch language. It is sometimes referred to as Flemish Dutch (), Belgian Dutch ( ), or Southern Dutch (). Flemish is native to Flanders, a historical region in northern Belgium; ...
** Autonomous area: Flanders
Flanders (, ; Dutch: ''Vlaanderen'' ) is the Flemish-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, ...
*** Movements: Flemish Movement
* People: Walloons
Walloons (; french: Wallons ; wa, Walons) are a Gallo-Romance ethnic group living native to Wallonia and the immediate adjacent regions of France. Walloons primarily speak '' langues d'oïl'' such as Belgian French, Picard and Walloon. Walloo ...
** Autonomous area: Wallonia
Wallonia (; french: Wallonie ), or ; nl, Wallonië ; wa, Waloneye or officially the Walloon Region (french: link=no, Région wallonne),; nl, link=no, Waals gewest; wa, link=no, Redjon walone is one of the three regions of Belgium—alo ...
*** Movements: Walloon Movement
The Walloon Movement (french: Mouvement wallon) is an umbrella term for all Belgium, Belgian political movements that either assert the existence of a Walloons, Walloon identity and of Wallonia and/or defend French culture and language within Belg ...
;Secessionist movements
or Flemish Community
The Flemish Community ( nl, Vlaamse Gemeenschap ; french: Communauté flamande ; german: Flämische Gemeinschaft ) is one of the three institutional communities of Belgium, established by the Belgian constitution and having legal responsibilitie ...
(the latter includes )
* People: Flemish
Flemish (''Vlaams'') is a Low Franconian dialect cluster of the Dutch language. It is sometimes referred to as Flemish Dutch (), Belgian Dutch ( ), or Southern Dutch (). Flemish is native to Flanders, a historical region in northern Belgium; ...
** Proposed state: , unification with the
*** Political parties: New Flemish Alliance
The New Flemish Alliance ( nl, Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie, N-VA) is a Flemish nationalist and conservative political party in Belgium. The party was founded in 2001 by the right-leaning fraction of the centrist-nationalist People's Union (VU).
T ...
(member of the European Free Alliance), Libertair, Direct, Democratisch
Libertarian, Direct, Democratic ( nl, Libertair, Direct, Democratisch; LDD) is a conservative-liberal, libertarian, right-wing populist Flemish political party in Belgium.
The party surprised commentators by winning five seats in the Chamber and ...
, Vlaams Belang
, ideology =
, predecessor = Vlaams Blok
, position =
, europarl = Identity and Democracy
, european = Identity and Democracy Party
, youth_wing = Vlaams Belang Jongeren
, colours =
, ...
and Flemish-Socialist Movement
The (Flemish-Socialist Movement) is a Left-wing nationalism, left-wing nationalist political group that advocates Flemish Movement, Flemish independence. Founded in 2007, the organization traces its roots to a party with the same name that existe ...
*** Movements: Vlaamse Volksbeweging
The ( nl, Flemish People's Movement) or VVB is a part-independent Flemish-minded non-profit association. Since 1991, the VVB has been campaigning for the independence of Flanders and therefore belongs to the Flemish-nationalist movement within ...
(VVB), , Taal Aktie Komitee and Voorpost
Voorpost ("Outpost (military), outpost, Picket (military), picket") is an ethnic nationalism, ethno-nationalist (''völkisch movement, volksnationalist'') group founded in Flanders, Belgium by Karel Dillen in 1976 as a splinter from the Volksunie. ...
or French Community of Belgium (the latter includes )
* People: Walloons
Walloons (; french: Wallons ; wa, Walons) are a Gallo-Romance ethnic group living native to Wallonia and the immediate adjacent regions of France. Walloons primarily speak '' langues d'oïl'' such as Belgian French, Picard and Walloon. Walloo ...
** Proposed state: Wallonia
Wallonia (; french: Wallonie ), or ; nl, Wallonië ; wa, Waloneye or officially the Walloon Region (french: link=no, Région wallonne),; nl, link=no, Waals gewest; wa, link=no, Redjon walone is one of the three regions of Belgium—alo ...
, unification with
*** Political parties: Walloon Rally
The Walloon Rally (french: Rassemblement wallon; RW) is a regionalist political party in Belgium, active in Wallonia since 1968. The party favoured federalism and since 1985 independence.
Founded on 7 March 1968, the party contested the Belgi ...
, Rassemblement Wallonie France
Bosnia and Herzegovina
;Secessionist movements * People:Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sr-Cyrl, Срби у Босни и Херцеговини, Srbi u Bosni i Hercegovini) are one of the three constitutive nations (state-forming nations) of the country, predominantly residing in the politi ...
** Proposed: unification with
*** Political organisation: National Assembly of Republika Srpska
The National Assembly of Republika Srpska (, abbr. НСРС/NSRS) is the legislative body of Republika Srpska, one of two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The current assembly is the ninth since the founding of the entity.
History
The Nation ...
(Government of Republika Srpska
Government of Republika Srpska ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, separator=" / ", Влада Републике Српске, Vlada Republika Srpske) is the executive authority of Republika Srpska, along with the President of Republika Srpska. The Prime Minister is ...
)
*** Political parties: Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, Serbian Democratic Party
;Autonomist movements
Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bosnia
The Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia ( hr, Hrvatska Republika Herceg-Bosna) was an unrecognized geopolitical entity and quasi-state in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was proclaimed on 18 November 1991 under the name Croatian Community of Herzeg-Bo ...
* People: Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina (), often referred to as Bosnian Croats () or Herzegovinian Croats () are the third most populous ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina, ethnic group in the country after Bosniaks and Serbs of Bosnia and H ...
** Proposed state: , as a refounded third entity of Bosnia-Herzegovina
*** Political organisation: Croatian National Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina
*** Political parties: Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatian Democratic Union 1990, Croatian Christian Democratic Union
Croatia
;Autonomist movements
Istria County
Istria County (; hr, Istarska županija; it, Regione istriana, "Istrian Region") is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the biggest part of the Istrian peninsula ( out of , or 89%).
Administrative centers in the county are Pazi ...
* People: Istrians (Croats
The Croats (; hr, Hrvati ) are a South Slavic ethnic group who share a common Croatian ancestry, culture, history and language. They are also a recognized minority in a number of neighboring countries, namely Austria, the Czech Republic, G ...
, Istrian Italians, Istro-Romanians
The Istro-Romanians ( ruo, rumeri or ) are a Romance ethnic group native to or associated with the Istrian Peninsula. Historically, they inhabited vast parts of it, as well as the western side of the island of Krk until 1875. However, due to se ...
, and Istriot-speakers)
** Proposed: Autonomy for Istria
Istria ( ; Croatian language, Croatian and Slovene language, Slovene: ; ist, Eîstria; Istro-Romanian language, Istro-Romanian, Italian language, Italian and Venetian language, Venetian: ; formerly in Latin and in Ancient Greek) is the larges ...
within Croatia
*** Political party: Istrian Democratic Assembly (factions, not officially)
Cyprus
The northeastern 1/3 territory of island of Cyprus
* People: Turkish Cypriots
** ''De facto'' state: (recognized only by Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
)
*** Proposed: re-unification with , or recognition of Northern Cyprus
*** Political organisation: Government of Northern Cyprus
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state.
In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...
*** Militant organisation: Security Forces Command
The Security Forces Command ( tr, Güvenlik Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı) is the military and security force of the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
It is a 15,000 strong force primarily made up of conscripted Turkish Cypriot male ...
Czech Republic
;Autonomist movements
Moravia
Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
The me ...
* People: Moravian
** Proposed autonomous area: Moravia
Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
The me ...
*** Political party: Moravané
Moravané (, ''Moravians'') is a small non-parliamentary political party in Moravia in the Czech Republic.
History
It arose in 2005 through a merger of two older local parties: ''Hnutí samosprávné Moravy a Slezska – Moravské národní sjedn ...
(former EFA member), Moravian land movement
The Moravian Land Movement ( cz, Moravské zemské hnutí; MZH) is a political movement committed to the ideas of modern European regionalism and traditional Moravian state self-government. It follows the Movement for Autonomous Democracy–Par ...
(EFA member)
*** Organisation: Moravian National Community
{{Use dmy dates, date=October 2013
The Moravian National Community (Czech language, Czech: ''Moravská národní obec'') is a non-political civic association focused on Moravian culture, history, traditions and Moravia in general. In practice, how ...
Denmark
* People: Faroese
** Proposed state:
*** Political parties: Republican Party
Republican Party is a name used by many political parties around the world, though the term most commonly refers to the United States' Republican Party.
Republican Party may also refer to:
Africa
*Republican Party (Liberia)
* Republican Part ...
, Progress, People's Party, Centre Party, Self-Government Party
Sjálvstýri (previously Sjálvstýrisflokkurin) (English: referred to interchangeably as ''Independence'', ''Self-Government'', or ''Home Rule'') is a liberal, autonomist political party on the Faroe Islands. It is currently led by the Mayor of ...
*** Movement: Faroese independence movement
The Faroese independence movement ( fo, Føroyska Tjóðskaparrørslan), or the Faroese national movement (), is a political movement which seeks the establishment of the Faroe Islands as a sovereign state outside Denmark. Reasons for complete a ...
Minor Movements
Bornholm
Bornholm () is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, to the east of the rest of Denmark, south of Sweden, northeast of Germany and north of Poland.
Strategically located, Bornholm has been fought over for centuries. It has usually been ruled by ...
* Proposed state: Bornholm
Bornholm () is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, to the east of the rest of Denmark, south of Sweden, northeast of Germany and north of Poland.
Strategically located, Bornholm has been fought over for centuries. It has usually been ruled by ...
* Proposed autonomous area: Bornholm
Bornholm () is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, to the east of the rest of Denmark, south of Sweden, northeast of Germany and north of Poland.
Strategically located, Bornholm has been fought over for centuries. It has usually been ruled by ...
** Political party: Bornholm's Self-Government Party
Bornholm's Self-Government Party ( da, Bornholms Selvstyre parti) is a List of regional and local political parties in Denmark, local political party in Denmark, which seeks to establish the independence or autonomy of Bornholm, a small island in ...
Finland
* People: Åland Swedes
** Proposed state:
*** Political party: Future of Åland
The Future of Åland ( sv, Ålands Framtid) is a separatist political party on Åland. As a member of the European Free Alliance, the goal of the party is to make Åland an independent state.
At the 2003 elections, the party won 6.5% of popular ...
(EFA member)
France
;Secessionist movements
* People: Alsatians (Allemanics)
** Proposed state:
*** Political parties: Elsass Zuerst, Unser Land
Unser Land ( en, Our Land) is a political party in the France, French region of Alsace, established in 2009. It is member of the Fédération Régions et Peuples Solidaires in France and the European Free Alliance of the European Union.
It was for ...
(EFA member)
French Basque Country
* People: Basque
** Proposed state: unification with the Basque Country
Basque Country may refer to:
* Basque Country (autonomous community), as used in Spain ( es, País Vasco, link=no), also called , an Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Spain (shown in pink on the map)
* French Basque Country o ...
and – '' Euskal Herria''Zubiaga, M. et al.''Towards a Basque State. Nation-building and institutions''
Bilbo: UEU, 2012 . *** Political parties:
Abertzaleen Batasuna
''Abertzaleen Batasuna'' (AB; en, Patriot's Union or Unity) is a Basque political party in France.
Ideology
It is the largest Basque nationalist party of the French Basque Country gathering around 10% of the votes in this territory. Its immedia ...
(AB), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea (Basque Nationalist Party).
*** Trade unions: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna
Basque Workers' Solidarity (in Basque: ''Eusko Langileen Alkartasuna'' (ELA), in Spanish: ''Solidaridad de Trabajadores Vascos'' (STV)) is the most influential trade union in Basque Country, having been created, as ''Solidaridad de Obreros Vascos ...
, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
(, Basque for "Nationalist Workers' Committees") is a Basque left-wing nationalist and separatist trade union operating mainly in Spain currently led by Garbiñe Aranburu.
It was created in 1974 by Jon Idigoras among others. They are part of ...
*** Youth advocacy groups: Gazte Abertzaleak
Young Patriots (in Basque: ''Gazte Abertzaleak (GA)'') is since 1988 the youth wing of the Basque political party Eusko Alkartasuna (EA). Gazte Abertzaleak is a founding member of the EFAY (Youth branch of the European Free Alliance).
Gazte Abe ...
, Segi
*** Militant organisations: Irrintzi
Irrintzi is an armed Basque nationalist group or cell that acts in the Northern Basque Country (Basque: ''Iparralde''). The word ''irrintzi'' refers originally to the traditional Basque folk high-pitched scream used to express celebration or ...
Historic Brittany
Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, Historical region, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known ...
, comprising Brittany (administrative region)
Brittany (french: Bretagne ; br, Breizh ); Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is the westernmost region of Metropolitan France. It covers about four fifths of the territory of the historic province of Brittany. Its capital is Rennes. It is one of the two ...
and parts of
* People: Bretons
The Bretons (; br, Bretoned or ''Vretoned,'' ) are a Celts, Celtic ethnic group native to Brittany. They trace much of their heritage to groups of Common Brittonic, Brittonic speakers who emigrated from Dumnonia, southwestern Great Britain, par ...
** Proposed state:
*** Advocacy groups: Celtic League
*** Political parties: Breton Democratic Union
Breton Democratic Union (french: Union démocratique bretonne, br, Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh, UDB) is a Breton nationalist, autonomist, and regionalist political party in Brittany (''Bretagne administrée'') and Loire-Atlantique. The UDB adv ...
, Adsav
Adsav () is a Breton nationalist secessionist political party in Brittany that claims to be neither right-wing or left-wing although its roots are on the right, and it is widely considered to be a far-right party.Selma K. Sonntag, ''The local poli ...
, Strollad Breizh, Emgann
*** Militant organisation: Talbenn Dieubiñ Breizh (Breton Revolutionary Army) (ARB)
* People: Corsicans
** Proposed state:
*** Political party: Corsica Libera
''Corsica Libera'' (, en, Free Corsica) is a Left-wing politics, left-wing separatism, separatist political party active in Corsica. It was founded in Corte, Haute-Corse, Corte in February 2009 by members of three nationalist parties, ''Corsica Na ...
, Pè a Corsica
Pè a Corsica ( en, For Corsica) was a Corsican nationalist political alliance in France, which was calling for more autonomy for Corsica. More specifically, it was a coalition of the two Corsican nationalist parties active on the island; that ...
*** Militant group: National Liberation Front of Corsica
The National Liberation Front of Corsica ( co, Fronte di liberazione naziunale di a Corsica or ; french: Front de libération nationale corse, abbreviated FLNC) was a militant group that advocates an independent state on the island of Corsica, se ...
Occitania
Occitania ( oc, Occitània , , or ) is the historical region in Western Europe, Western and Southern Europe where the Occitan language, Occitan language was historically spoken and where it is sometimes still used as a second language. This ...
* People: Occitans
The Occitans ( oc, occitans) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group originating in the historical region of Occitania (southern France, northeastern Spain, and northwestern Italy). They have been also called Gascons, Provençals, and Auvergnats.The ...
** Proposed state: Occitania
Occitania ( oc, Occitània , , or ) is the historical region in Western Europe, Western and Southern Europe where the Occitan language, Occitan language was historically spoken and where it is sometimes still used as a second language. This ...
*** Political parties: Partit de la Nacion Occitana
The Partit Nacionalista Occitan, more simply, "PNO" (in English: ''Occitan Nationalist Party'') is a political party of Occitania, founded in 1959 by François Fontan (1929–1979). The current name is "Partit de la Nacion Occitana" (in Englis ...
*** Political movement: Assemblada Occitana, Libertat
French Flanders
French Flanders (french: La Flandre française) is a part of the historical County of Flanders in present-day France where a dialect of Dutch was or still is traditionally spoken. The region lies in the modern-day region of Hauts-de-France and r ...
* People: Flemings
The Flemish or Flemings ( nl, Vlamingen ) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Flanders, Belgium, who speak Dutch. Flemish people make up the majority of Belgians, at about 60%.
"''Flemish''" was historically a geographical term, as all inha ...
** Proposed state: French Flanders
French Flanders (french: La Flandre française) is a part of the historical County of Flanders in present-day France where a dialect of Dutch was or still is traditionally spoken. The region lies in the modern-day region of Hauts-de-France and r ...
, Pale of Calais and Audomarois and re-unification with West Flanders
)
, settlement_type = Province of Belgium
, image_flag = Flag of West Flanders.svg
, flag_size =
, image_shield = Wapen van West-Vlaanderen.svg
, shield_size =
, image_map ...
, East Flanders
, native_name_lang =
, settlement_type = Province of Belgium
, image_flag = Flag of Oost-Vlaanderen.svg
, flag_size =
, image_shield = Wapen van O ...
, Tournaisis
The Tournaisis, or Tournai (Flemish: ''Doornik''), a territory in the Low Countries in present-day Belgium, is one of Europe's oldest town centres. Located in the Wallonia region of Belgium on the Scheldt River (French: ''L'Escaut''), northwest of ...
and Zeelandic Flanders into an independent Flemish state, unification with the (separatist) or (autonomist)
*** Political party: Flemish movement
* People: Provençals (Occitans)
** Proposed state: Provence
*** Militant group: Front Nacionala Liberacion de Provença
Northern Catalonia
Northern Catalonia, North Catalonia, ; french: Catalogne (du) Nord ; oc, Catalonha (del) Nòrd; es, Cataluña (del) Norte) French Catalonia or Roussillon refers to the Catalan-speaking and Catalan-culture territory ceded to France by Spain ...
* People: Northern Catalans
** Proposed state: or unification with
*** Political parties: Esquerra Republicana- Catalunya del Nord, Oui au Pays Catalan (autonomist)
*** Advocacy organisations: Catalunya Nord per la independència, Òmnium Catalunya Nord
*** Youth organisations: Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana (Catalunya Nord)
;Autonomist movements
* People: Alsatians (Allemanics)
** Proposed autonomous area:
*** Political parties: Elsass Zuerst, , Unser Land
Unser Land ( en, Our Land) is a political party in the France, French region of Alsace, established in 2009. It is member of the Fédération Régions et Peuples Solidaires in France and the European Free Alliance of the European Union.
It was for ...
(EFA member)
Brittany
Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, Historical region, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known ...
* People: Bretons
The Bretons (; br, Bretoned or ''Vretoned,'' ) are a Celts, Celtic ethnic group native to Brittany. They trace much of their heritage to groups of Common Brittonic, Brittonic speakers who emigrated from Dumnonia, southwestern Great Britain, par ...
** Proposed autonomous area: Brittany
Brittany (; french: link=no, Bretagne ; br, Breizh, or ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Bertaèyn'' ) is a peninsula, Historical region, historical country and cultural area in the west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known ...
*** Political party: Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh
Breton Democratic Union (french: Union démocratique bretonne, br, Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh, UDB) is a Breton nationalist, autonomist, and regionalist political party in Brittany (''Bretagne administrée'') and Loire-Atlantique. The UDB adv ...
(EFA member)
* People: Corsicans
** Proposed autonomous area:
*** Political party: Partitu di a Nazione Corsa
The Party of the Corsican Nation ( co, Partitu di a Nazione Corsa, PNC) is a Corsican nationalist and autonomist political party on the French island of Corsica. It was founded in Corte in 2002 by members of three nationalist parties, Union of t ...
(EFA member)
* People: French
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to France
** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents
** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...
, Occitans
The Occitans ( oc, occitans) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group originating in the historical region of Occitania (southern France, northeastern Spain, and northwestern Italy). They have been also called Gascons, Provençals, and Auvergnats.The ...
, Italians
, flag =
, flag_caption = The national flag of Italy
, population =
, regions = Italy 55,551,000
, region1 = Brazil
, pop1 = 25–33 million
, ref1 =
, region2 ...
** Proposed autonomous area: County of Nice
*** Political party: Partit Nissart ( Parti niçois (fr))
Normandy
Normandy (; french: link=no, Normandie ; nrf, Normaundie, Nouormandie ; from Old French , plural of ''Normant'', originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in Northwestern ...
* People: Normans
The Normans (Norman language, Norman: ''Normaunds''; french: Normands; la, Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norsemen, Norse Viking settlers and indigenous West Fran ...
** Proposed autonomous area: Normandy
Normandy (; french: link=no, Normandie ; nrf, Normaundie, Nouormandie ; from Old French , plural of ''Normant'', originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is a geographical and cultural region in Northwestern ...
*** Political party: Mouvement Normand
The ''Mouvement normand'' (Norman Movement) is a regionalist political organisation from Normandy, in Northern France.
Unlike many regionalist groupings, they are open to the view that people of Normandy are one of the constituent nationalities ...
Savoy
Savoy (; frp, Savouè ; french: Savoie ) is a cultural-historical region in the Western Alps.
Situated on the cultural boundary between Occitania and Piedmont, the area extends from Lake Geneva in the north to the Dauphiné in the south.
Savo ...
* People: Savoyans
** Proposed autonomous area: Savoy
Savoy (; frp, Savouè ; french: Savoie ) is a cultural-historical region in the Western Alps.
Situated on the cultural boundary between Occitania and Piedmont, the area extends from Lake Geneva in the north to the Dauphiné in the south.
Savo ...
*** Political party: Movement Règion Savouè (EFA member)
* People: Occitans
The Occitans ( oc, occitans) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group originating in the historical region of Occitania (southern France, northeastern Spain, and northwestern Italy). They have been also called Gascons, Provençals, and Auvergnats.The ...
** Proposed autonomous area:
*** Political parties: Partit Occitan
The Occitan Party ( oc, Partit Occitan) is a regionalist political party in France. Its aims include greater autonomy for the Occitania region of southern France. The Occitan Party was formed in Toulouse in 1987 through the union of different Occ ...
(EFA member)
Georgia
Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia
Abkhazia, ka, აფხაზეთი, tr, , xmf, აბჟუა, abzhua, or ( or ), officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, recognised by most countries as part of Georgia, which vi ...
* People: Abkhazians
Abkhazians (russian: Абхазы), or Abkhazs ( ab, Аԥсуаа, Aṕswaа, ), are a Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian ethnic group, mainly living in Abkhazia, a disputed region on the northeastern coast of the Black Sea. A l ...
** ''De facto'' state: ( recognized by 6 UN members)
*** Political organisation: Government of Abkhazia
The Government of the Republic of Abkhazia governs the partially recognised Republic of Abkhazia.
Executive branch
The Republic of Abkhazia is headed by the President, a post held since early 2020 by Aslan Bzhania, who is supported by the V ...
*** Militant organisation: Abkhazian Armed Forces
The Abkhazian Armed Forces (; ) are the military forces of Abkhazia. The forces were officially created on 12 October 1992, after the outbreak of the 1992–1993 war with Georgia. The basis of the armed forces was formed by the ethnic Abkhaz Na ...
Territory of the former South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast
* People: Ossetians
The Ossetians or Ossetes (, ; os, ир, ирæттæ / дигорӕ, дигорӕнттӕ, translit= ir, irættæ / digoræ, digorænttæ, label=Ossetic) are an Iranian ethnic group who are indigenous to Ossetia, a region situated across the no ...
** ''De facto'' state: ( recognized by 5 UN members)
*** Political organisation: Government of South Ossetia
The Government of the Republic of South Ossetia is the political leadership of the only partially recognized, but de facto independent, Republic of South Ossetia.
Executive branch
South Ossetia's head of state is the president, the current pres ...
*** Militant organisation: Armed Forces of South Ossetia
The Armed Forces of South Ossetia is the military of the partially recognised state of South Ossetia. The force consists of 16,000 soldiers: 2,500 officers and active-duty soldiers and 13,500 reservists. It includes an Army and an Air Corps.
Th ...
Javakheti
* Ethnic group: Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti
Armenians in Samtskhe–Javakheti are ethnic Armenians of Georgian nationality living in the Samtskhe–Javakheti region of the Republic of Georgia. The southern part of the region (Javakheti) borders Armenia to the south. Here, ethnic Armenians f ...
** Proposed: Autonomy for the region Javakhk (Javakheti)
** Political party: United Javakhk Democratic Alliance
Germany
Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...
* People: Bavarians
Bavarians ( Bavarian: ''Boarn'', Standard German: ''Baiern'') are an ethnographic group of Germans of the Bavaria region, a state within Germany. The group's dialect or speech is known as the Bavarian language, native to Altbayern ("Old Bava ...
, Franconians, Swabians
Swabians (german: Schwaben, singular ''Schwabe'') are a Germanic people who are native to the ethnocultural and linguistic region of Swabia, which is now mostly divided between the modern states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, in southwestern ...
** Proposed state or autonomous area: Free State of Bavaria
*** Political party: Bavaria Party
The Bavaria Party (german: Bayernpartei, BP) is an autonomist, regionalist and conservative political party in the state of Bavaria, Germany. The party was founded in 1946, describes itself as patriotic Bavarian and advocates Bavarian independence ...
(EFA member)Satzung der Bayernpartei
', 30. October 2011, from: ''bayernpartei.de'', 28 August 2018
East Frisia
East Frisia or East Friesland (german: Ostfriesland; ; stq, Aastfräislound) is a historic region in the northwest of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is primarily located on the western half of the East Frisian peninsula, to the east of West Frisia ...
and North Frisia
* People: Frisians
The Frisians are a Germanic ethnic group native to the coastal regions of the Netherlands and northwestern Germany. They inhabit an area known as Frisia and are concentrated in the Dutch provinces of Friesland and Groningen and, in Germany, ...
** Proposed autonomous area: Frisia
Frisia is a cross-border cultural region in Northwestern Europe. Stretching along the Wadden Sea, it encompasses the north of the Netherlands and parts of northwestern Germany. The region is traditionally inhabited by the Frisians, a West Ger ...
, unification with foreign states:
*** Political party: South Schleswig Voters' Association
da, Sydslesvigsk Vælgerforening frr, Söödschlaswiksche Wäälerferbånd
, logo = Südschleswigscher Wählerverband, Logo.svg
, logo_size = 165px
, chairman = Christian Dirschauer
, leader1_title = Vice Chairmen ...
(EFA member) and The Frisians
Saxony
Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a landlocked state of ...
* Proposed state or autonomous area: Saxony
Saxony (german: Sachsen ; Upper Saxon: ''Saggsn''; hsb, Sakska), officially the Free State of Saxony (german: Freistaat Sachsen, links=no ; Upper Saxon: ''Freischdaad Saggsn''; hsb, Swobodny stat Sakska, links=no), is a landlocked state of ...
** Political party: Free Saxony
Freie Sachsen (Free Saxons) is a Secession, secessionist and autonomist movement within the States of Germany, German state of Saxony, which seeks to restore the former Saxon Royal Family and "Saexit if Necessary" It views itself as a Right wing m ...
Italy
Friuli-Venezia Giulia
(man), it, Friulana (woman), it, Giuliano (man), it, Giuliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 =
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographics1_t ...
* People: Friulians
Friulians, also called Friulans or Furlans are an ethnolinguistic minority living primarily in Italy, with a significant diaspora community.
Friulians primarily inhabit the region of Friuli and speak the Rhaeto-Romantic language Friulian, whi ...
** Proposed state: Friuli
*** Political parties:
**** Secessionist parties: Res Publica Furlane-Parlament Furlan
Res or RES may refer to:
Sciences
Computing
*Russian and Eurasian Security Network
*Spanish Supercomputing Network (''Red Española de Supercomputación'')
Energy
* RES - The School for Renewable Energy Science
* US Renewable Electricity ...
, Patrie Furlane, Friulian Front The Friulian Front (''Front Furlan'', ''Fronte Friulano'', FF) is a separatist political party active in Friuli, Italy.
The party was founded in 2006 by dissidents of Lega Nord Friuli–Lega Nord, the largest Friulianist party so far.
The Front ...
,
**** Autonomist parties: Pact for Autonomy
The Pact for Autonomy ( it, Patto per l'Autonomia, fur, Pat pe Autonomie, sl, Pakt za Avtonomijo, german: Pakt für die Autonomie, PpA) is a Regionalism (politics), regionalist and Social liberalism, social-liberal List of political parties in Fr ...
Province of Trieste
The Province of Trieste ( it, Provincia di Trieste, sl, Tržaška pokrajina; fur, provinzia di Triest) was a Provinces of Italy, province in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy. Its capital was the city of Trieste.
It had an are ...
* Proposed state: Free Territory of Trieste
** People: Italians
, flag =
, flag_caption = The national flag of Italy
, population =
, regions = Italy 55,551,000
, region1 = Brazil
, pop1 = 25–33 million
, ref1 =
, region2 ...
, Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( sl, Slovenci ), are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia, and adjacent regions in Italy, Austria and Hungary. Slovenes share a common ancestry, culture, history and speak Slovene as their n ...
*** Political movements: Movimento Trieste Libera; Territorio Libero di Trieste, Free Territory of Trieste Movement
Free may refer to:
Concept
* Freedom, having the ability to do something, without having to obey anyone/anything
* Freethought, a position that beliefs should be formed only on the basis of logic, reason, and empiricism
* Emancipate, to procur ...
,
Lombardy
Lombardy ( it, Lombardia, Lombard language, Lombard: ''Lombardia'' or ''Lumbardia' '') is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in the northern-central part of the country and has a population of about 10 ...
* Proposed state: Republic of Lombardy
** Political parties (autonomist): Lega per l'Autonomia – Alleanza Lombarda
Lega per l'Autonomia – Alleanza Lombarda (''League for Autonomy – Lombard Alliance'', LAL), also known as Lega per l'Autonomia Lombarda (''League for the Lombard Autonomy''), was a left-wing regionalist political party in Italy, based in Lomba ...
** Political parties (secessionist): Pro Lombardy Independence
Pro Lombardy Independence (''Pro Lombardia Indipendenza'') is an independentist party active in Lombardy, Italy.
The party, which was launched in 2011, is led by Alfredo Gatta; the spokesman is Alessandro Ceresoli.
The first objective of the par ...
, Lega Lombarda
Lega Lombarda ( en, Lombard League; abbr. LL), whose complete name is ( en, Lombard League for Salvini Premier), is a regionalist political party active in Lombardy. Established in 1984, it was one of the founding "national" sections of Lega ...
Northern Italy
Northern Italy ( it, Italia settentrionale, it, Nord Italia, label=none, it, Alta Italia, label=none or just it, Nord, label=none) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy. It consists of eight administrative regions ...
* Proposed state: Padania
** Political parties (autonomist): Lega Nord
Lega Nord (; acronym: LN), whose complete name is (), is a right-wing, federalist, populist and conservative political party in Italy. In the run-up of the 2018 general election, the party was rebranded as (), without changing its official n ...
, Great North
** Political parties (secessionist): Lega Nord
Lega Nord (; acronym: LN), whose complete name is (), is a right-wing, federalist, populist and conservative political party in Italy. In the run-up of the 2018 general election, the party was rebranded as (), without changing its official n ...
(formerly), Lega Padana
Lega Padana (''Padanian League'') is a Padanist and separatist political party founded in 1999 and active mainly in Piedmont, Italy.
In the 2009 provincial elections, the piedmontese section of the party, the Piedmont Padanian League (''Lega Pad ...
, Padanian Union
The Padanian Union (''Unione Padana'', UP) is a Padanian nationalism, Padanist and separatism, separatist list of political parties in Italy, political party active in Lombardy, Italy.
The party emerged in November 2011 by the merger of Lega Padan ...
, Alpine Padanian Union The Alpine Padanian Union (''Unione Padana Alpina'', UPA) is a Padanist and separatist political party active in Lombardy, Italy.
The party emerged in March 2012 as a split from the Padanian Union (UP): the provincial section of Bergamo, led by Gi ...
Southern Italy
Southern Italy ( it, Sud Italia or ) also known as ''Meridione'' or ''Mezzogiorno'' (), is a macroregion of the Italian Republic consisting of its southern half.
The term ''Mezzogiorno'' today refers to regions that are associated with the peop ...
* Proposed state: Mezzogiorno
Southern Italy ( it, Sud Italia or ) also known as ''Meridione'' or ''Mezzogiorno'' (), is a macroregion A macroregion is a geopolitical subdivision that encompasses several traditionally or politically defined regions or countries. The meaning ...
** Political parties (secessionist and autonomist): We the South
We the South ( it, Noi Sud, NS), whose complete name is Freedom and Autonomy - We the South ( it, Libertà e Autonomia - Noi Sud), is a regionalist political party in Italy based in the Campania but seeking to represent the whole South.
History ...
, Great South
** Political parties (secessionist): Autonomy South, Force of the South
Force of the South ( it, Forza del Sud, FdS) was a liberal-conservative political party in Italy based in Sicily.
In September 2010, after years of weighting, Gianfranco Micciché, long-time leader of Forza Italia and, later, The People of Fre ...
and I the South
I the South (''Io Sud'', IS), was a conservative regionalist political party in Italy, which has been a faction of Brothers of Italy since 2014.
The party emerged in 2009 as an Apulian split from National Alliance (AN) led by Adriana Poli Bort ...
Sardinia
Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label=Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after ...
* People: Sardinians
** Proposed state: Republic of Sardinia
*** Political parties (autonomist): Fortza Paris, Sardinian Reformers
*** Political parties (secessionist): Sardinian Action Party
The Sardinian Action Party ( sc, Partidu Sardu, it, Partito Sardo d'Azione, PSd'Az or PSdA) is a Sardinian nationalist, regionalist and separatist political party in Sardinia. While being traditionally part of the Sardinian centre-left, the p ...
, Sardinia Nation
Sardigna Natzione Indipendentzia ("For the Independence of the Sardinian Nation"), also known as Sardigna Natzione or SN, is a minor separatist and socialist political party in Sardinia, Italy. Its long-time leader is Bustianu Cumpostu.
Histor ...
, Independence Republic of Sardinia
Independence Republic of Sardinia ( sc, Indipendèntzia Repùbrica de Sardigna, iRS) was a Sardist, left-wing nationalist and social-democratic and non-violent separatist political party in Sardinia. The party, whose long-time leader is Gavino Sa ...
, Project Republic of Sardinia
Project Republic of Sardinia ( sc, Progetu Repùblica de Sardigna, ProgReS) is a separatist political party in Sardinia, founded in January 2011 following a split from Independence Republic of Sardinia (iRS).
The party's current secretary is L ...
, Party of Sardinians
The Party of Sardinians ( it, Partito dei Sardi, links=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_dei_sardi, translit=, label=, PdS) is a social-democratic, separatist political party in Sardinia.
History
In July 2012 Franciscu Sedda and Ornella D ...
, others
Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
* People: Sicilians
Sicilians or the Sicilian people are a Romance speaking people who are indigenous to the island of Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, as well as the largest and most populous of the autonomous regions of Italy.
Origin and i ...
** Proposed state: Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Ethnicity
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographi ...
*** Political parties (autonomist): Sicilian Socialist Party
The Sicilian Socialist Party (, , PSS) is a democratic socialist and autonomist political party in Sicily. The party was founded on 21 May 2013 and considers itself to be the re-foundation of the 1893 Sicilian federation of the emerging Italian ...
, Party of the Sicilians
The Party of Sicilians ( it, Partito dei Siciliani, PdS) was a regionalist and Christian-democratic political party in Sicily. It was the Sicilian regional section of the Movement for the Autonomies (MpA).
History
In August 2012 it was announced ...
*** Political parties (secessionist): Free Sicilians
Free Sicilians ( it, Siciliani Liberi; scn, Siciliani Libbiri; SL) is a Sicilian nationalist and pro-independence political party. The party was founded in 2016 in order to revive the island's right to self-government.
History
Free Sicilians w ...
*** Groups: Sicilian National Front, Sicilia Nazione, Sicilian National Liberation Movement.
South Tyrol
it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol
, settlement_type = Autonomous province
, image_skyline =
, image_alt ...
*Proposed: independence of South Tyrol
it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol
, settlement_type = Autonomous province
, image_skyline =
, image_alt ...
or unification with Tyrol
Tyrol (; historically the Tyrole; de-AT, Tirol ; it, Tirolo) is a historical region in the Alps - in Northern Italy and western Austria. The area was historically the core of the County of Tyrol, part of the Holy Roman Empire, Austrian Emp ...
in Austria
**Political parties: Die Freiheitlichen
''Die Freiheitlichen'' (), abbreviated dF, is a Regionalism (politics), regionalist, Separatism, separatist and National conservatism, national-conservative List of political parties in South Tyrol, political party in South Tyrol, Italy. The pa ...
(independence), South Tyrolean Freedom
South Tyrolean Freedom (german: Süd-Tiroler Freiheit, STF) is a regionalist, separatist and national-conservative political party in South Tyrol, Italy. The party, which is part of the South Tyrolean independence movement, seeks to represent th ...
(unification)
Tuscany
Tuscany ( ; it, Toscana ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence (''Firenze'').
Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, art ...
* Ethnic group: Tuscans
it, Toscano (man) it, Toscana (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title =
, population_blank1 =
, demographics_type1 = Citizenship
, demographics1_footnotes =
, demographics1_title1 = Italian
, demogra ...
** Proposed: greater autonomy for Tuscany
Tuscany ( ; it, Toscana ) is a Regions of Italy, region in central Italy with an area of about and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence (''Firenze'').
Tuscany is known for its landscapes, history, art ...
** Political party: Tuscan Autonomist Movement
The Tuscan Autonomist Movement ( it, Movimento Autonomista Toscano, abbr. MAT) is a list of political parties in Italy, political party active in Tuscany, led by Alessandro Mazzerelli.
History
The party was founded in 1989 by Alessandro Mazzerell ...
Veneto
Veneto (, ; vec, Vèneto ) or Venetia is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Its population is about five million, ranking fourth in Italy. The region's capital is Venice while the biggest city is Verona.
Veneto was part of the Roman Empire unt ...
* Proposed state: Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia, ...
** Political parties (autonomist): Liga Veneta
Liga Veneta ( vec, Łiga Vèneta; en, Venetian League; abbr. LV), whose complete name is ( en, Venetian League for Salvini Premier), is a regionalist political party active in Veneto.
The LV, whose ideology combines Venetian nationalism and su ...
, Veneto for Autonomy
The Tosi List for Veneto ( it, Lista Tosi per il Veneto, LTV) was a centrist and regionalist political party in Veneto, Italy, named after its leader Flavio Tosi. The party emerged in March 2015 as a split from Liga Veneta–Lega Nord. Its memb ...
** Political parties (secessionist): Party of Venetians, Venetian Independence
Venetian Independence ( it, Indipendenza Veneta, vec, Independensa Vèneta, IV) is a Venetist, liberal and, to some extent, libertarian political party active in Veneto. The party seeks to achieve full political independence for the former terr ...
, We Are Veneto
We Are Veneto (''Siamo Veneto'', SV) is a Venetian nationalist and separatist political party in Italy, based in Veneto.
History
The party was formed in March 2016 when Antonio Guadagnini, leader of Veneto State (VS) and member of the Regional C ...
, Liga Veneta Repubblica
Liga Veneta Repubblica (''Łiga Vèneta Republica'', Venetian Republic League, LVR) is a Venetist political party in Veneto, Italy. The party maintains a mildly separatist position and campaigns for the self-government of Veneto.
The party's fo ...
, Venetian People's Unity, Venetian Left
Kosovo
North Kosovo/ Ibar Kolašin
* People: Kosovo Serbs
** Proposed state: Community of Serb Municipalities within or re-unification with
*** Political organisations: Assembly of the Community of Municipalities (status unknown), Serb List
Lithuania
Samogitia * ethnic group: Samogitians ** proposed autonomous region: Samogitia *** political party:Samogitian Party
The Samogitian Party ( lt, Žemaičių partija, sgs, Žemaitiu partėjė or sgs, Žemaitiu šalėnė) is an ethnic-regionalist autonomist party of the Lithuania's Samogitian minority founded in April 2008.
Creation
In 2008, the Ministry of Ju ...
Malta
Gozo
Gozo (, ), Maltese: ''Għawdex'' () and in antiquity known as Gaulos ( xpu, 𐤂𐤅𐤋, ; grc, Γαῦλος, Gaúlos), is an island in the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. The island is part of the Republic of Malta. After t ...
* People: Gozitan
** Proposed autonomous area: Gozo
Gozo (, ), Maltese: ''Għawdex'' () and in antiquity known as Gaulos ( xpu, 𐤂𐤅𐤋, ; grc, Γαῦλος, Gaúlos), is an island in the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. The island is part of the Republic of Malta. After t ...
*** Political organisation: People's Party (Malta)
The People's Party ( mt, Partit Popolari, PP) is a political party in Malta. Ideologically, it is right-wing populist and conservative, and it opposes immigration.
History
The People's Party was registered in July 2020 under the leadership of ...
, Gozo Party
The Gozo Party ( mt, Partit Għawdxi) was a political party in Malta
Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy ...
(Defunct)
Moldova
;Breakaway state
Transnistria
Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as a part of Moldova. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester riv ...
* People: Equal proportions of Russians
, native_name_lang = ru
, image =
, caption =
, population =
, popplace =
118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 ''Winkler Prins'' estimate)
, region1 =
, pop1 ...
, Ukrainians
Ukrainians ( uk, Українці, Ukraintsi, ) are an East Slavs, East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine. They are the seventh-largest nation in Europe. The native language of the Ukrainians is Ukrainian language, Ukrainian. The majority ...
and Moldovans
** De facto state: Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR), is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as a part of Moldova. Transnistria controls most of the narrow strip of land between the Dniester riv ...
*** Political organisation: Government of Transnistria
*** Militant organisation: Army of Transnistria
Netherlands
Frisia
Frisia is a cross-border cultural region in Northwestern Europe. Stretching along the Wadden Sea, it encompasses the north of the Netherlands and parts of northwestern Germany. The region is traditionally inhabited by the Frisians, a West Ger ...
and Groningen
Groningen (; gos, Grunn or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen province in the Netherlands. The ''capital of the north'', Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of the northern part of t ...
* People: Frisians
The Frisians are a Germanic ethnic group native to the coastal regions of the Netherlands and northwestern Germany. They inhabit an area known as Frisia and are concentrated in the Dutch provinces of Friesland and Groningen and, in Germany, ...
, West Frisians
The West Frisians or, more precisely, the Westlauwers Frisians ( nl, Friezen or Westerlauwerse Friezen, fy, Friezen or Westerlauwerske Friezen), are those Frisian peoples in that part of Frisia administered by the Netherlands: the Province of ...
** Proposed autonomous area: West Frisia, or unification with foreign states : Frisia
Frisia is a cross-border cultural region in Northwestern Europe. Stretching along the Wadden Sea, it encompasses the north of the Netherlands and parts of northwestern Germany. The region is traditionally inhabited by the Frisians, a West Ger ...
*** Political party: Frisian National Party, (EFA member)
*** Status: Democratic movement seeking greater autonomy for Frisian-speaking people in Friesland
*People Limburgish
Limburgish ( li, Limburgs or ; nl, Limburgs ; german: Limburgisch ; french: Limbourgeois ), also called Limburgan, Limburgian, or Limburgic, is a West Germanic language spoken in the Dutch and Belgian provinces of Limburg (Netherlands), L ...
**Proposed autonomous area:
***Political party: Party New Limburg
*People Brabantines
**Proposed autonomous area:
***Political party: Brabant Party
The Brabant Party (''Brabantse Partij'') is a provincial political party in the Dutch province of North Brabant. It has no parliamentary representation, but it is linked to the Independent Senate Group.
Its main issues are family farmers' rights ...
*People Zeelanders
**Proposed autonomous area:
***Political party: Party for Zeeland
The Party for Zeeland ( nl, Partij voor Zeeland; PvZ) is a political party in the province of Zeeland in the Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subd ...
Poland
Silesia
Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split ...
* People: Silesians
** Proposed autonomous area: Silesia
Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split ...
*** Political party: Silesian Autonomy Movement
The Silesian Autonomy Movement ( szl, Ruch Autōnōmije Ślōnska, pl, Ruch Autonomii Śląska, german: Bewegung für die Autonomie Schlesiens), abbreviated as RAŚ, is a movement officially declaring its support for the autonomy of Silesia as pa ...
Kashubia
* People: Kashubians
** Proposed autonomous area: Kashubia
*** Political party: Kashubian Association
The Kashubian Association ( csb, Kaszëbskô Jednota; pl, Wspólnota Kaszubska) is a Poland-based association for Kashubians with the aim of developing the national, civic and cultural awareness of Kashubians from around the world. In particular ...
Gdańsk
Gdańsk ( , also ; ; csb, Gduńsk;Stefan Ramułt, ''Słownik języka pomorskiego, czyli kaszubskiego'', Kraków 1893, Gdańsk 2003, ISBN 83-87408-64-6. , Johann Georg Theodor Grässe, ''Orbis latinus oder Verzeichniss der lateinischen Benen ...
* Proposed autonomous area or state: Free City of Danzig
** Political organisation: Free City of Danzig Government in Exile
Portugal
Lusitania * People: Portuguese people, Lusitanians ** Proposed autonomous area or state:Lusitania
*** Political party:
Romania
Transylvania and Banat * People: Romanians, Hungarians of Romania, Hungarians, Transylvanian Saxons ** Proposed autonomous area or state: Transylvania or Banat *** Political organisations:Transilvania–Banat League *** Advocacy organisations: Liga Pro Europa, Provincia, Autonomy for Transylvania Székely-Hungarian National Guard, Democratic League of Transylvania (Liga Transilvania Democrată), League of Banat (Liga Bănățeană) Székely Land
* People: Székelys
** Proposed autonomous area: Székely Land
*** Political organisations: Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, the demand for Hungarian autonomy has been part of their program since 1993. Hungarian Civic Party (Romania), Hungarian Civic Party, they signed a settlement with the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania about cooperation and joint support for Hungarian autonomy. Hungarian People's Party of Transylvania (PPMT), the party proposes the establishments of Transylvanian parliament and government and supports the case of Székely autonomy in Székely Land. It also advocates territorial autonomy for Partium.
*** Advocacy organisations: Szekler National Council
Partium
* People: Hungarians of Romania, Hungarians
** Proposed autonomous area: Partium
*** Advocacy organisations: Hungarian National Council of Transylvania
Russia
;
;Autonomist movements
Komi-Permyak Okrug
*People: Komi peoples, Komi and Komi-Permyaks
**Proposed federal subject: Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug
;Ural Federal District
Sverdlovsk Oblast
*People: Russians
**Proposed state: Ural Republic
**Geography: Sverdlovsk Oblast, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Kurgan Oblast, Perm Krai, Orenburg Oblast
***Advocacy groups: Ural Democratic Foundation, Free Ural
Volga Federal District
Idel-Ural State, Idel-Ural
*People: Bashkirs, Chuvash people, Chuvash, Erzyas, Erzya, Mari people, Mari, Mokshas, Tatars, Udmurt people, Udmurts
**Proposed state: Idel-Ural State, Idel-Ural Republic
***Advocacy group: Free Idel-Ural.
Tatarstan
*People: Tatars
**Militant organisation: All-Tatar Public Center
***Advocacy groups: The Union of Tatar Youth, Tatar Patriotic Front Altyn Urda, Tatar Social Center
***Government in exile: Tatar Government in Exile
***Organisation: Ittifaq Party
**Proposed state: Tatarstan
*People: Udmurts
**Proposed state:
***Movement: Congress of the Peoples of Udmurtia
***Advocacy groups::ru:Удмурт Кенеш, Udmurt Kenesh, Udmurt National Centre, Udmurt National Progress, Odmort
***Political parties: Udmurt Republican National Party, Udmurt National Progress
Bashkortostan
*People: Bashkirs, Bashkir
**Proposed state: Bashkortostan
***Advocacy groups: Bashkort Public Organization, Bashkir Human Rights Movement, Council of Aksakals of Bashkortostan, Bashkir Social Movement
***Political party: The Heavenly Wolf
Chuvashia
*People: Chuvash people, Chuvash
**Proposed state: Chuvashia
***Movements: Chuvash National Movement, Chuvash Republican Youth
***Organisation: Chuvash Ireklekh Society of National-Cultural Rebirth
;Northwestern Federal District
Arkhangelsk Oblast
* People: Pomors
**Proposed state: Pomors, Pomorye/Biarmia
*People: Komi peoples, Komi
**Proposed state:
***Political organisations: Komi Republican Organization
***Advocacy movements: Komi Voityr, Finno-Ugric Peoples Consultative Committee
***Organisation: Komi People's Congress
*People: Karelian people, Karelians, Vepsians, Russians, Finns, Pomors
**Proposed state: Karelia
***Political organisation: Republican Movement of Karelia, Karelian Republican Movement
***Advocacy movements: Stop the Occupation of Karelia, Free Karelia, Karelian National Movement
Kaliningrad Oblast
* People: Russians, Russian, Germans
, native_name_lang = de
, region1 =
, pop1 = 72,650,269
, region2 =
, pop2 = 534,000
, region3 =
, pop3 = 157,000
3,322,405
, region4 =
, pop4 = ...
, Poles, Lithuanians, Old Prussians, Old Prussian Descendants
** Proposed state: Kaliningrad Baltic Republic, Land of Amber (Yantarny Krai)
*** Political organisations: Baltic Republican Party, Kaliningrad Public Movement
Leningrad Oblast
*People: Russians, Izhorians, Ingrian Finns, Ingrians, Votians, Votes
**Proposed state:
***Advocacy movement: Free Ingria
Astrakhan Oblast
* People: Astrakhan Tatars, Kazakhs, Kalmyks, Nogais, Russians
** Proposed state: Astrakhan Oblast, Astrakhan Republic, Nogais, Nogai Republic, Unification with Kalmykia
*** Advocacy movements: Free Nogai El, Oirat-Kalmyk People's Congress
Kalmykia, Republic of Kalmykia
*People: Kalmyk people, Kalmyks
**Proposed state: Kalmykia
***Advocacy group: Oirat-Kalmyk People's Congress
Krasnodar Krai
*People: Kuban Cossacks
**Proposed state: Kuban
***Advocacy movements: Klin-Yar (movement), Klin-Yar, Kuban Cossack Host,
***Political parties: Lapin
Rostov Oblast, Rostov oblast
*People: Don Cossacks
**Proposed state: Don Republic
Stavropol Krai
* People: Terek Cossacks, Terek Cossaks
**Proposed state: Terek Cossacks, Terek Cossak State
* People: Crimean Tatars
** Proposed: autonomy within unitary
*** Political organisations: Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar People
;North Caucasian Federal District
Abazinia
*People: Abazins
**Proposed state: Abazinia
**Geograpgy: Abazinia, including all ethnic Abazin parts and/or districts of Karachay-Cherkessia, Stavropol Krai and Kabardino-Balkaria or solely the rural locality of Psyzh
***Advocacy groups: Abaza Adkilra, Abaza Yurdu, Abzanhara, Unity (Adgylara)
*** Organisation: World Congress of Abkhaz-Abazin People
*People: Chechens
** Proposed state: Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (government in exile) (Ukraine's recognition of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Proposed to be recognized by UN member: Ukraine)
*** Militant organisation: Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Chechen separatists
***Political parties: Vainakh Democratic Party, Party of National Independence, All-National Congress of the Chechen People
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
* People: Peoples of the Caucasus
** Proposed state: Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
** Geography: North Caucasian Federal District (excluding Stavropol Krai), Adygea, Adyghea, Abkhazia and South Ossetia
*** Militant organisation: Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
Circassia
*People: Circassians, Cherkesogai
**Proposed state: Circassia
**Geography: Circassia, including all regions historically included in Circassia and/or inhabited by Circassians (note: this includes Adygea as well as north Kabardino-Balkaria, north Karachay–Cherkessia, south-east Krasnodar Krai, and south Stavropol Krai).
***Movement: Circassian Congress; Circassian Youth Initiative; Adyge Djegi; Adyghe Khase; International Circassian Association (member of UNPO)
Dagestan
* People: Peoples of Dagestan
** Proposed state: Dagestan
Ingushetia
* People: Ingush people, Ingush
** Proposed state: Ingushetia
Lezgistan
*People: Lezgins
**Proposed state: Lezgistan
**Geography: Lezgistan, including all ethnic Lezgin parts and/or districts of Dagestan
***Movement: Lezgin Movement of Caucasian Albania
***Advocacy movement: Lezgin National Center
***Political party: Lezgin Patriotic Union, Sadval movement
***Organisation: Federal Lezgin National Cultural Autonomy (member of UNPO)
North Ossetia–Alania, North Ossetia-Alania
* People: Ossetians
The Ossetians or Ossetes (, ; os, ир, ирæттæ / дигорӕ, дигорӕнттӕ, translit= ir, irættæ / digoræ, digorænttæ, label=Ossetic) are an Iranian ethnic group who are indigenous to Ossetia, a region situated across the no ...
** Proposed state: Ossetia and/or unification with South Ossetia and risk Georgian–Ossetian conflict, tensions/war with Georgia (country), Georgia to which the breakaway region is Occupied territories of Georgia, recognized as part of.
Serbia
Image Note: Republic of Vojvodina within federalized Serbia, proposed by the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina in 1999 – the map also includes an autonomous Sandžak, Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, Kosovo and the metropolitan area of Belgrade as a distinctive administrative unit as well
;Autonomist movements
Vojvodina
* Proposals for Hungarian Regional Autonomy in the northern part of Vojvodina:
** People: Hungarians in Serbia, Hungarians of Vojvodina
** Political parties: Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians, Democratic Party of Vojvodina Hungarians, Democratic Fellowship of Vojvodina Hungarians.
Sandžak
* People: Bosniaks of Serbia
** Proposed autonomous province: Sandžak
** Advocacy groups (autonomist): Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak, Islamic Community in Serbia
;Breakaway state
* People: Albanians in Kosovo
* Proposed: Republic of Kosovo, unification with
** ''De facto'' state: Kosovo, Republic of Kosovo (International recognition of Kosovo, recognised by 50% of UN member states)
*** Political organisation: Government of Kosovo
*** Movement: Albanian nationalism in Kosovo
Slovakia
;Autonomist movements
Southern Slovakia:
* People: Hungarians in Slovakia, Hungarians
** Proposed autonomous area: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of Hungarian presence, or unification with
*** Political parties (autonomist): Party of the Hungarian Community, In 2010, the party renewed their demand for autonomy.
Spain
;Secessionist movements
* People: Andalusian people, Andalusian
** Proposed state: Andalusia
*** Political parties (nationalist): Bloque Andaluz de Izquierdas
*** Political parties (secessionist): Nación Andaluza, Candidatura Unitaria de Trabajadores
* People: Aragonese people, Aragonese
** Proposed state
*** Socialist: Regional Defence Council of Aragon, Aragon
*** Federalist: Aragon
**** Political party (nationalist): Aragonese Council, Chunta Aragonesista
**** Political party (secessionist): Puyalón de Cuchas,
**** Trade unionSindicato Obrero Aragonés
(SOA) * People: Asturian people, Asturians ** Proposed state: Asturias *** Political parties (autonomist): Partíu Asturianista, Asturian Renewal Union, Unión Renovadora Asturiana *** Political parties (nationalist): Unidá, Compromisu por Asturies *** Political parties (secessionist): Andecha Astur *** Youth movements: Darréu *** Trade unions: Corriente Sindical d'Izquierda Basque Country (autonomous community) * People: Basque people, Basques ** Proposed state: Basque Country (greater region), Basque Country (greater region) – ''Euskal Herria'' *** Political parties: Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea (Basque Nationalist Party) (member of the European Democratic Party), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Bildu, Eusko Abertzale Ekintza (Basque Nationalist Action) *** Trade union:
Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna
Basque Workers' Solidarity (in Basque: ''Eusko Langileen Alkartasuna'' (ELA), in Spanish: ''Solidaridad de Trabajadores Vascos'' (STV)) is the most influential trade union in Basque Country, having been created, as ''Solidaridad de Obreros Vascos ...
, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
(, Basque for "Nationalist Workers' Committees") is a Basque left-wing nationalist and separatist trade union operating mainly in Spain currently led by Garbiñe Aranburu.
It was created in 1974 by Jon Idigoras among others. They are part of ...
*** Youth advocacy groups: Euzko Gaztedi, EGI, Gazte Abertzaleak
Young Patriots (in Basque: ''Gazte Abertzaleak (GA)'') is since 1988 the youth wing of the Basque political party Eusko Alkartasuna (EA). Gazte Abertzaleak is a founding member of the EFAY (Youth branch of the European Free Alliance).
Gazte Abe ...
, Haika] (''illegalised'') Segi, Ikasle Abertzaleak
Castile (historical region), Castile
* People Castilian people, Castilians
** Proposed state: Castile (historical region), Castile
*** Political parties (autonomist): Castilian Party
*** Political parties (secessionist): Izquierda Castellana
*** Youth movements: Yesca
* People: Canarian people, Canarians
** Proposed state: Canary Islands, Republic of the Canary Islands
*** Political parties (autonomist): Coalición Canaria, Partido Nacionalista Canario, Centro Canario Nacionalista, Nueva Canarias
*** Political parties (secessionist): FREPIC-AWAÑAK, Alternativa Nacionalista Canaria, Alternativa Popular Canaria, Unidad del Pueblo
***Trade union: Intersindical Canaria
*** Youth movement: Azarug
* People: Catalan people, Catalans
** Proposal state: Catalan Republic (2017), Catalan Republic – Països Catalans, Catalan Countries (i.e. including other Catalan-speaking areas)
*** Political parties (independentist): Republican Left of Catalonia (33/135), Together for Catalonia (2020), Together for Catalonia (32/135), Popular Unity Candidacy (9/135), supported by other small parties and civil organisations Corròp
*** Political parties (autonomist): Catalunya en Comú–Podem (8/135)
*** Civil organisations: Assemblea Nacional Catalana, Òmnium Cultural, Association of Municipalities for Independence, Procés Constituent, Catalunya Acció, Sobirania i Progrés, Committees for the Defense of the Republic, Negres Tempestes (organization), Negres Tempestes
*** Trade unions: Intersindical-CSC, Coordinadora Obrera Sindical
*** Youth advocacy groups: Arran (organization), Arran, La Forja, Jovent Republicà, ''Joves d'Esquerra Verda'', Joventut Nacionalista de Catalunya, Communist Youth of Catalonia, Joventut Comunista de Catalunya
Galicia (Spain), Galicia
* People: Galician people, Galicians
** Proposed state: Galiza, or unification with
*** Political party: Galician Nationalist Bloc (Galician Nationalist Bloc) (souveranist) (EFA member), Anova-Nationalist Brotherhood (independentist, includes the Galician Popular Front), Compromiso por Galicia (centrist federalist), Terra Galega (Centrist autonomist), Galician Coalition (Centrist nationalist Party)
*** Unions: Confederación Intersindical Galega (CIG) and Central Unitaria de Traballadores (CUT)
*** Youth advocacy groups: Galiza Nova, Xeira, BRIGA and Erguer-Estudantes da Galiza (students)
*** Militant organisation: Resistência Galega
* People: Navarran or Navarrese (a subgroup of Basque people)
** Proposed states: unification with the – '' Euskal Herria''
*** Political parties: Geroa Bai, Bildu, Basque Nationalist Action, Batasuna
*** Militant organisations: ETA (separatist group), ETA (''Euskadi Ta Askatasuna'') (ceasefire since 2011)
Valencian Community, Valencia
* People: Valencian people, Valencians – Catalan people, Catalanics (those with Catalan ancestry)
** Proposed state: Valencian Country or unification with Catalan Countries
*** Political parties: Valencian Nationalist Bloc, Initiative of the Valencian People, Popular Unity Candidates, Republican Left of the Valencian Country, Valencian State, Valencian Nationalist Left, Valencian Left
*** Advocacy groups: Pro-Catalan Valencianists (who defend Pan-Catalanism and Fusterianism, Fuster's theories) propose the creation of a Valencian State and some type of reconnection with the rest of Catalan-speaking areas. Only a minor tendency within anti-Catalan Valencianism (Blaverism) proposed independence of the Kingdom of Valencia from both Catalonia and Spain.
*** Youth advocacy groups: Arran (organization), Arran
;Autonomist movements
Cartagena, Spain, Cartagena
* Proposed: extended autonomy for Cartagena, Spain, Cartagena within Murcia
** Political party: Movimiento Ciudadano de Cartagena
León (historical region), León
* People: Leonese people, Leonese
** Proposed autonomous area: León (historical region), Leonese region
*** Political parties: Leonese People's Union, Unión del Pueblo Leonés UPL
*** Youth movements: RUCHAR Mocedá Llionesa
Val d'Aran, Aran Valley
* People: Aranese (a subset of Gascon Occitans)
** Proposed autonomous area: Val d'Aran, Aran Valley – within or unification with
*** Political parties: Aranese Democratic Convergence, Convergència Democràtica Aranesa, Unitat d'Aran, Partit Renovador d'Arties-Garòs, Occitan Republican Left, Esquèrra Republicana Occitana, Partit de la Nacion Occitana
The Partit Nacionalista Occitan, more simply, "PNO" (in English: ''Occitan Nationalist Party'') is a political party of Occitania, founded in 1959 by François Fontan (1929–1979). The current name is "Partit de la Nacion Occitana" (in Englis ...
, Partit Occitan
The Occitan Party ( oc, Partit Occitan) is a regionalist political party in France. Its aims include greater autonomy for the Occitania region of southern France. The Occitan Party was formed in Toulouse in 1987 through the union of different Occ ...
, Aran Amassa, Corròp
Sweden
Skåneland, Scania
* Ethnocultural people: Scania, Scanians
** Proposed state: Skåneland, Scania
*** Political party: Scania Party
Switzerland
Ukraine
and
* People: Russians in Ukraine
** ''De facto'' entity: and within the
*** Political organisation: State Council of Crimea, Legislative Assembly of Sevastopol
* People: Crimean Tatars
** Proposed: autonomy or independence within unitary
*** Political organisations: Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar People
,
* People: Russians in Ukraine
** ''De facto'' entity: , (Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts, illegaly annexed by russia)
*** Political organisations: People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic, People's Council of the Luhansk People's Republic
*** paramilitary organisation: Russian people's militias in Ukraine
Odessa People's Republic
* Proposed: unification with /
* Political organisations: Volodymyr Saldo Bloc, Derzhava (Ukrainian party), Derzhava, Opposition Bloc
* Military organisation: Russian Ground Forces
Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast, Russian-occupied Kherson Oblast, Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast, Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast
* People: Collaboration with Russia during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Local Collaborators, Russian Ground Forces
** ''De facto'' states: Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast, Russian-occupied Kherson Oblast, Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Russian-occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast, Russian-occupied Kharkiv Oblast
*** Proposed: unification with
*** Political organisations: Volodymyr Saldo Bloc, Derzhava (Ukrainian party), Derzhava, Opposition Bloc
*** Military organisation: Russian Ground Forces
Carpathian Ruthenia
* People: Russians in Ukraine, Hungarians in Ukraine, Rusyns
** Proposed: autonomy or independence within unitary or unification with
** Political organisations: "Subcarpathian republican party", "Volodymyr Saldo Bloc", Derzhava (Ukrainian party), "Derzhava", "World Congress of Rusyns", "Opposition Bloc","Russkiy dom", "Subcarpathian Ruthenia movement" "Russkiy Mir Foundation", "Association of Zakarpattia democrats", and other pro-Russian organizations. Rusyns#Autonomist and separatist movements, "Rusyn separatist movement" led by the Orthodox priest Dimitry Sydor (now Archbishop of Uzhorod, in the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate))
United Kingdom
;Major movements
* People: English people, English
** Proposed state:
*** Political parties: English DemocratsEnglish Democrats seek independence for EnglandBBC News. Retrieved 27 February 2016. Northern Ireland * People: Irish People, Irish, People of Northern Ireland, Northern Irish (Nationalists) ** Proposed state: Re-unification with *** Political parties: Sinn Féin, Fianna Fáil, Éirígí, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Aontú, People Before Profit, Communist Party of Ireland, Irish Republican Socialist Party, Republican Network for Unity, Socialist Workers Network, Workers Party of Ireland *** Militant organisations: Real Irish Republican Army, RIRA, Continuity Irish Republican Army, CIRA * People: Scottish people, Scots ** Proposed state: *** Political parties: Scottish National Party (EFA member), Scottish Greens, Scottish Socialist Party, Action for Independence, Alba Party, Alba, Restore Scotland, Red Party of Scotland, Scotland's Independence Referendum Party, Solidarity (Scotland), Solidarity, Scotia Future, Independence for Scotland Party, Scottish Libertarian Party, Scottish Democratic Alliance, Siol nan Gaidheal *** Advocacy groups: Scottish Independence Convention (Common Weal, People's Voice (Scottish pro-independence group), People's Voice, Scottish Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Scottish CND, Voices for Scotland, Voice for Scotland, Women for Independence), Yes Scotland, Labour for Independence, Scottish Liberals for Independence * People: Welsh people, Welsh ** Proposed state: *** Political parties: Gwlad, Plaid Cymru, Propel (political party), Propel, Plaid Glyndŵr *** Advocacy groups: YesCymru ;Minor movements * People: Cornish people, Cornish ** Proposed state: *** Political parties: Mebyon Kernow Cornish Nationalist Party * People: Demography of London, Londoners ** Proposed state: *** Political parties
Londependence Party
Midlands * People: Midlands, Midlanders ** Proposed state: Mercia *** Advocacy groups: Acting Witan of Mercia, Sovereign Mercia Northern England * Proposed state: Northern England, under the name of Northumbria ** Political Parties: Northern Independence Party ;Autonomist movements Canvey Island * People: Canvey Islanders ** Proposed autonomous area: Canvey Island *** Political Parties: Canvey Island Independent Party * People: English people, English ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties: English Democrats,Northern Independence Party: the new campaign for an independent North of England explained
BBC News. Retrieved 29 October 2020. United Kingdom Independence Party, UKIP *** Advocacy groups: Campaign for an English Parliament * People: Scottish people, Scots ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties: Scottish National Party (EFA member) * People: Welsh people, Welsh ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties: Plaid Cymru (possibly including the Isles of Scilly) * People: Cornish people, Cornish ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties: Green Party of England and Wales, Mebyon Kernow (EFA member), Cornish Nationalist Party, Liberal Democrats (UK), Liberal Democrats *** Advocacy groups: Cornish Constitutional Convention, Cornwall 2000, Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament, Wessex Constitutional Convention * People: People of Shetland ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Advocacy group: Wir Shetland * People: People of Yorkshire ** Proposed autonomous area: *** Political parties: Yorkshire Party *** Advocacy group: Yorkshire Devolution Movement North East England * People: People of North East England ** Proposed autonomous area: North East England *** Political parties: North East Party * Ethnic group: People of Wessex ** Proposed: autonomy for Wessex *** Political party: Wessex Regionalists *** Advocacy group: Wessex Constitutional Convention ;Independence movements of dependent territories * People: Manx people, Manx * Proposed State: ** Political party: Mec Vannin ** Advocacy group: ;Autonomist movements of dependent territories * People: Vaques * Proposed State: **Advocacy group: States of Alderney
See also
* Lists of active separatist movements * List of historical separatist movements * Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization * List of micro-regional organizations * List of states with limited recognition * Independence referendumReferences
External links
*.From Spain to Iraq, states have to see that suppressing secession won't work
{{DEFAULTSORT:Active Separatist Movements In Europe, List Of Disputed territories in Europe, Separatist Movements, Active, List Of Europe-related lists, Separatist Movements, Active Lists of active separatist movements, Europe Secessionist organizations in Europe, Society-related lists, Separatist Movements in Europe, Active Stateless nationalism in Europe,