S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation "Energia" () is a Russian manufacturer of

spacecraft A spacecraft is a vehicle that is designed spaceflight, to fly and operate in outer space. Spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, including Telecommunications, communications, Earth observation satellite, Earth observation, Weather s ...

and

space station A space station (or orbital station) is a spacecraft which remains orbital spaceflight, in orbit and human spaceflight, hosts humans for extended periods of time. It therefore is an artificial satellite featuring space habitat (facility), habitat ...

components. Its name is derived from the Russian word for energy and is also named for Sergei Pavlovich Korolev, the first chief of its design bureau and the driving force behind early Soviet accomplishments in space exploration.

Overview

Energia is the largest company of the Russian space industry and one of its key players. It is responsible for all operations involving human spaceflight and is the lead developer of the

Soyuz Soyuz is a transliteration of the Cyrillic text Союз (Russian language, Russian and Ukrainian language, Ukrainian, 'Union'). It can refer to any union, such as a trade union (''profsoyuz'') or the Soviet Union, Union of Soviet Socialist Republi ...

and

Progress Progress is movement towards a perceived refined, improved, or otherwise desired state. It is central to the philosophy of progressivism, which interprets progress as the set of advancements in technology, science, and social organization effic ...

spacecraft, and the lead developer of the Russian end of the

International Space Station The International Space Station (ISS) is a large space station that was Assembly of the International Space Station, assembled and is maintained in low Earth orbit by a collaboration of five space agencies and their contractors: NASA (United ...

(ISS). In the mid-2000s, the company employed 22,000–30,000 people. The enterprise has been awarded 4 Orders of Lenin,

Order of the October Revolution The Order of the October Revolution (, ''Orden Oktyabr'skoy Revolyutsii'') was instituted on 31 October 1967, in time for the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. It was conferred upon individuals or groups for services furthering communis ...

and Russian Federation President's Message of Thanks. In addition, 14 cosmonauts employed by the company have been awarded the title " Hero of the Russian Federation".

Structure

The company consists of the following subsidiaries and branches: * Primary Design Bureau *

Baikonur Baikonur ( ; ) is a city in Kazakhstan on the northern bank of the Syr Darya river. It is currently leased and administered by the Russian Federation as an enclave until 2050. It was constructed to serve the Baikonur Cosmodrome with adminis ...

branch * ZAO Experimental Machine-building Plant * ZAO Volzhskoye DB * ZAO PO Kosmos , 38% of the company's stock was owned by the Russian state.

History

The company was founded on 26 August 1946 and has been known successively as: * Special Design Bureau number 1 of RD Institute number 88 ( or OKB-1 of

NII-88 TsNIIMash () is a Russian rocket and spacecraft scientific center, dealing with all phases of development from conceptual design to flight test. The Institute is the main analytical center of Roskosmos in the field of system-wide studies of the ...

) * TsKBEM (Central Design Bureau of Experimental Machine Building) * NPO Energia * S. P. Korolev RSC Energia It is named after the first chief of its design bureau

Sergei Korolev Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (14 January 1966) was the lead Soviet Aerospace engineering, rocket engineer and spacecraft designer during the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s. He invented the R-7 Sem ...

(1946–1966). His successors as chief designers were: Vasily Mishin (1966–1974), Valentin Glushko (1974–1989), (1989–2005),

Nikolai Sevastianov Nikolai Sevastianov (born 1961, Chelyabinsk, USSR (now Russia)) graduated from the Aerodynamics and Space Exploration Department of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in 1984. In 1984 he took a job at NPO RKK Energia, Energia as an eng ...

(2005–2007). Its President and Chief designer was Vitaly Lopota, until 1 August 2014. Korolev's design bureau was, beginning with the first artificial satellite

Sputnik 1 Sputnik 1 (, , ''Satellite 1''), sometimes referred to as simply Sputnik, was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program ...

and the first crewed spaceflight of

Vostok 1 Vostok 1 (, ) was the first spaceflight of the Vostok programme and the first human spaceflight, human orbital spaceflight in history. The Vostok 3KA space capsule was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on 12 April 1961, with Soviet astronaut, c ...

, responsible for a major part of the Soviet space program. It was the main rival of

OKB-52 NPO Mashinostroyeniya () is a rocket design bureau based in Reutov, Russia. During the Cold War it was responsible for several major weapons systems, including the UR-100N Intercontinental ballistic missile and the military Almaz space station ...

(later known as TsKBM, then the design bureau of

Vladimir Chelomei Vladimir Nikolayevich Chelomey or Chelomei (, ; 30 June 1914 – 8 December 1984) was a Soviet engineer and designer in the missile program of the former Soviet Union. He invented the first Soviet pulse jet engine and was responsible for develo ...

) during the

Soviet crewed lunar programs The Soviet crewed lunar programs were a series of programs pursued by the Soviet Union to Moon landing, land humans on the Moon, Space Race, in competition with the United States Apollo program. The Soviet government publicly denied participat ...

and the Soviet space station program. OKB-1 was among others responsible for the development of the crewed

Soyuz spacecraft Soyuz () is a series of spacecraft which has been in service since the 1960s, having made more than 140 flights. It was designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolev Design Bureau (now Energia). The Soyuz succeeded the Voskhod spacecraf ...

and its Soyuz rocket, the N1 "Moon Shot" rocket, large parts of the Salyut space station program, the uncrewed Progress resupply craft and designed the Energia rocket for the Buran space shuttle program. Since the early beginnings of the

Luna programme The Luna programme (from the Russian word "Moon, Luna" meaning "Moon"), occasionally called ''Lunik'' by western media, was a series of robotic spacecraft missions sent to the Moon by the Soviet Union between 1959 and 1976. The programme acc ...

it designed many space probes, among others of the

Venera The Venera (, 'Venus') program was a series of space probes developed by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1984 to gather information about the planet Venus. Thirteen probes successfully entered the Venusian atmosphere, including the two ...

, Zond and

Mars program The Mars program was a series of uncrewed spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union between 1960 and 1973. The spacecraft were intended to exploration of Mars, explore Mars, and included planetary flyby, flyby probes, Lander (spacecraft), landers an ...

. The company continues to dominate a large part of the Russian space program, and a considerable part of the World's space program, with its Soyuz spacecraft having become the only crewed spacecraft conducting regular flights and the exclusive crew transport vehicle for the

from the Space Shuttle retirement in 2011 and until the maiden flight of Crew Dragon Endeavour in 2020. The Chinese

Shenzhou program Shenzhou may refer to: * Shenzhou, or "Divine Land", one of the Chinese names of China * Shenzhou program, a crewed spaceflight initiative by the People's Republic of China * Shenzhou (spacecraft), spacecraft from China which first carried a Chi ...

is the only other program in the world with planned semi-regular crewed spaceflights. The President of Energia, Vitaly Lopota, was removed from his post as president on August 1, 2014. Dmitry Rogozin indicated that this was the start of "long-awaited personnel reform in he Russianspace industry... Tough times require tough decisions". Lopota was offered the position of vice president for technological development in the

United Rocket and Space Corporation The United Rocket and Space Corporation () or URSC was a Russian joint-stock corporation formed by the Russian government in 2013 to renationalize the Russian space sector. The government intended to do so in such a way as to "preserve and enhan ...

, the new company formed in 2013 to re-nationalize the Russian space industry.

Ongoing projects

Energia builds: *

Soyuz MS The Soyuz MS (; GRAU: 11F732A48) is the latest version of the Russian Soyuz (spacecraft), Soyuz spacecraft series, first launched in 2016. The "MS" stands for "modernized systems," reflecting upgrades primarily focused on the communications and ...

spacecraft for three-person

human spaceflight Human spaceflight (also referred to as manned spaceflight or crewed spaceflight) is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft, often with the spacecraft being operated directly by the onboard human crew. Spacecraft can also be ...

missions * Progress MS spacecraft for

cargo In transportation, cargo refers to goods transported by land, water or air, while freight refers to its conveyance. In economics, freight refers to goods transported at a freight rate for commercial gain. The term cargo is also used in cas ...

missions *

Russian Orbital Segment The Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) is the name given to the components of the International Space Station (ISS) constructed in Russia and operated by the Russian Roscosmos. The ROS handles Guidance, Navigation, and Control for the entire Station ...

(ROS) modules for the ISS * Universal Spacecraft Configuration – usage for development of:

communications satellite A communications satellite is an artificial satellite that relays and amplifies radio telecommunication signals via a Transponder (satellite communications), transponder; it creates a communication channel between a source transmitter and a Rad ...

s, remote sensing satellites, navigation satellites and uncrewed orbital servicing satellites. USC was a basis for Yamal 100 and Yamal 200 satellites.

Future projects

* Further assembly of

(ISS) Russian segment: development of

Multipurpose Laboratory Module ''Nauka'' (), also known as the ''Multipurpose Laboratory Module, Upgrade'' (MLM-U, ), is the primary laboratory of the Russian Orbital Segment of the International Space Station (ISS). Serving alongside the Rassvet (ISS module), ''Rassvet'' a ...

(together with Krunichev Space Centre) and "Oka" space production modules (not permanently attached to ISS). * Development of new spacecraft with 3 stages: # Modernization of "Soyuz TMA" spacecraft for human circum- lunar missions – pending commercial orders for

space tourism Space tourism is human space travel for recreational purposes. There are several different types of space tourism, including orbital, suborbital and lunar space tourism. Tourists are motivated by the possibility of viewing Earth from space, ...

. # Development of " Parom" space tug (in order to replace Progress M cargo spacecraft). # Development of multi-aimed Orel spacecraft (instead of abandoned Kliper project) for six persons. * Development of crewed lunar program: landing by 2025, creating of permanent lunar base by 2030 in order to extract

helium-3 Helium-3 (3He see also helion) is a light, stable isotope of helium with two protons and one neutron. (In contrast, the most common isotope, helium-4, has two protons and two neutrons.) Helium-3 and hydrogen-1 are the only stable nuclides with ...

. * Development of human

Mars Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is also known as the "Red Planet", because of its orange-red appearance. Mars is a desert-like rocky planet with a tenuous carbon dioxide () atmosphere. At the average surface level the atmosph ...

mission: landing beyond 2035. * Development of Yamal-300 and Yamal-400 communication satellites for

Gazprom PJSC Gazprom ( rus, Газпром, , ɡɐsˈprom) is a Russian State-owned enterprise, majority state-owned multinational Energy industry, energy corporation headquartered in the Lakhta Center in Saint Petersburg. The Gazprom name is a contract ...

corporation. * Development of " Smotr" remote sensing satellites. * Development of a pod designed for clearing near-Earth space of satellite debris. The new device is planned to be assembled by 2020 and tested by 2023. The concept is to build the device to use a nuclear power source so that it could remain on task for up to 15 years, primarily working in the geosynchronous orbit zone. Debris collected would be de-orbited to re-enter over the ocean.

Historic projects

Over the years the products of Energia and its predecessors included:

IRBMs and ICBMs

Including meteorological rockets as their modifications: *

R-1 (missile) The R-1 rocket (NATO reporting name SS-1 Scunner, Soviet code name SA11, GRAU index 8A11) was a tactical ballistic missile, the first manufactured in the Soviet Union, and closely based on the German V-2 rocket. The R-1 missile system entered int ...

R-1B, R-1V, R-1D, R-1E *

R-2 (missile) The R-2 (NATO reporting name SS-2 Sibling) was a Soviet short-range ballistic missile developed from and having twice the range as the R-1 missile (itself a copy of the German V-2). Developed from 1946-1951, the R-2 entered service in numbers i ...

* R-5 missile, R-5M, R-11, R-11A, R-11F *

R-7 Semyorka The R-7 Semyorka (, GRAU index: 8K71) was a Soviet Union, Soviet missile developed during the Cold War, and the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile. The R-7 made 28 launches between 1957 and 1961. A derivative, the R-7A Semyorka, R ...

, ** R-7A Semyorka * R-9 Desna * RT-1 * RT-2

Launch vehicle A launch vehicle is typically a rocket-powered vehicle designed to carry a payload (a crewed spacecraft or satellites) from Earth's surface or lower atmosphere to outer space. The most common form is the ballistic missile-shaped multistage ...
s

R-7 (rocket family) The R-7 () rocket family is a series of launch vehicles descended from the Soviet R-7 Semyorka, developed in the 1950s as the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). While the R-7 proved impractical as a weapon, it became a corn ...

Sputnik (rocket) The Sputnik rocket was an uncrewed orbital carrier rocket designed by Sergei Korolev in the Soviet Union, derived from the R-7 Semyorka ICBM. On 4 October 1957, it was used to perform the world's first satellite launch, placing ''Sputnik 1'' ...

* Luna (rocket) * Vostok (rocket family) ** Vostok-2 (rocket) ** Vostok-2M **

Vostok-K The Vostok-K ( meaning ''"East"''), GRAU index 8K72K was an expendable carrier rocket used by the Soviet Union for thirteen launches between 1960 and 1964, six of which were crewed. It incorporated several modifications to the core and strap-on ...

** Vostok-L * Polyot (rocket) * Voskhod (rocket) *

Molniya (rocket) The Molniya (, meaning "lightning"), GRAU The Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (), commonly referred to by its transliterated acronym GRAU (), is a department of the Russian Ministr ...

Soyuz (rocket family) Soyuz (, GRAU index: 11A511) is a family of Soviet and later Russian expendable Medium-lift launch vehicle, medium-lift launch vehicles initially developed by the OKB-1 design bureau and manufactured by the Progress Rocket Space Centre factory ...

Soyuz (rocket) The Soyuz (, meaning "union", GRAU index 11A511) was a Soviet expendable carrier rocket designed in the 1960s by OKB-1 and manufactured by State Aviation Plant No. 1 in Kuybyshev, Soviet Union. It was commissioned to launch Soyuz spacecraft ...

** Soyuz-L ** Soyuz-M * Soyuz/Vostok * N1 rocket as a part of N1-L3 lunar complex * Blok D * Energia ** Energia II * "Yamal", "Kvant", "Kvant-1", "Avrora"; * upper stages for different kinds of

launch vehicle A launch vehicle is typically a rocket-powered vehicle designed to carry a payload (a crewed spacecraft or satellites) from Earth's surface or lower atmosphere to outer space. The most common form is the ballistic missile-shaped multistage ...

s: blocks L and DM;

Research, observation and communication Earth satellites

Sputnik program Sputnik (Спутник, Russian for "satellite"NOTE: The Russian word "sputnik" can have many meanings: "satellite", "travelling companion", "fellow traveller", etc. However, in astronomy, it means only "satellite".) is a name for multiple sp ...

Sputnik 2 Sputnik 2 (, , ''Satellite 2'', or Prosteyshiy Sputnik 2 (PS-2, , ''Simplest Satellite 2'', launched on 3 November 1957, was the second spacecraft launched into Earth orbit, and the first to carry an animal into orbit, a Soviet space dog named ...

** Sputnik 3 ** Sputnik 4 ** Sputnik 5 **

Sputnik 6 Korabl-Sputnik 3 ( meaning ''Ship-Satellite 3'') or Vostok-1K No.3, also known as Sputnik 6 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft which was launched in 1960. It was a test flight of the Vostok spacecraft, carrying two dogs; Pcholka and Mushka ("li ...

** Sputnik 7 ** Sputnik 8 **

Sputnik 9 Korabl-Sputnik 4 ( meaning ''Ship-Satellite 4'') or Vostok-3KA No.1, also known as Sputnik 9 in the West, was a Soviet Union, Soviet spacecraft which was launched on 9 March 1961. Carrying the mannequin Ivan Ivanovich (Vostok programme), Ivan Ivan ...

** Sputnik 10 ** Sputnik 19 ** Sputnik 20 ** Sputnik 21 ** Sputnik 22 ** Sputnik 24 ** Sputnik 25 * Elektron (satellite) *

Zenit (satellite) Zenit (, , Zenith) was a series of military photoreconnaissance satellites launched by the Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countr ...

* Molniya (satellite) * Signal (satellite) * BelKA * DZZ

Deep Space exploration spacecraft

** Luna 1958A ** Luna 1958B **

Luna 1958C Luna E-1 No.3, sometimes identified by NASA as ''Luna 1958C'', was a Soviet spacecraft which was lost in a launch failure in 1958. It was a Luna E-1 spacecraft, the third of four to be launched, all of which were involved in launch failures. It wa ...

Luna 1 ''Luna 1'', also known as ''Mechta'' ( , ''Literal translation, lit.'': ''Dream''), ''E-1 No.4'' and ''First Lunar Rover'', was the first spacecraft to reach the vicinity of Earth's Moon, the first spacecraft to leave Earth's orbit, and the fi ...

** Luna 1959A **

Luna 2 ''Luna 2'' (), originally named the Second Soviet Cosmic Rocket and nicknamed Lunik 2 in contemporaneous media, was the sixth of the Soviet Union's Luna programme spacecraft launched to the Moon, E-1 No.7. It was the first spacecraft Moon landi ...

Luna 3 Luna 3, or E-2A No.1 (), was a Soviet spacecraft launched in 1959 as part of the Luna programme. It was the first mission to photograph the far side of the Moon and the third Soviet space probe to be sent to the neighborhood of the Moon. The hi ...

** Luna 1960A ** Luna 1960B ** Luna 1963B ** Luna 4 ** Luna 1964A ** Luna 1964B ** Cosmos 60 ** Luna 1965A ** Luna 5 ** Luna 6 ** Luna 7 ** Luna 8 **

Luna 9 Luna 9 (Луна-9), internal designation Ye-6 No.13, was an uncrewed space mission of the Soviet Union's Luna programme. On 3 February 1966, the Luna 9 spacecraft became the first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing on the Moon and return ima ...

** Cosmos 111 ** Luna 10 ** Luna 1966A **

Luna 11 Luna 11 (E-6LF series) was an uncrewed space mission of the Soviet Union's Luna program. It was also called Lunik 11. Luna 11 was launched towards the Moon The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It Orbit of the Moon, orbits aro ...

** Luna 12 ** Luna 13 ** Luna 1968A ** Luna 14 ** Luna 1969A ** Luna 1969B ** Luna 1969C **

Luna 15 Luna 15 was a robotic space mission of the Soviet Luna programme, that was in lunar orbit together with the Apollo 11 Command module ''Columbia''. On 21 July 1969, while Apollo 11 astronauts finished the first human moonwalk, Luna 15, a robotic ...

** Cosmos 300 ** Cosmos 305 ** Luna 1970A ** Luna 1970B ** Luna 16 ** Luna 17 ** Luna 18 ** Luna 19 ** Luna 20 ** Luna 21 ** Luna 22 **

Luna 23 ''Luna 23'' was an uncrewed space mission of the Luna program developed by the Soviet Union. Overview ''Luna 23'' was a Soviet Moon lander mission which was intended to return a lunar sample to Earth. Launched to the Moon by a Proton-K/ D, t ...

** Luna 1975A ** Luna 24 **

Luna 8K72 The Luna 8K72 vehicles were carrier rockets used by the Soviet Union for nine space probe launch attempts in the Luna programme between 23 September 1958 and 16 April 1960. Like many other Soviet launchers of that era, the Luna 8K72 vehicles were ...

** Cosmos 27 ** Venera 2 ** Venera 3 ** Venera 4 **

Venera 5 Venera 5 ( meaning ''Venus 5'') was a space probe in the Soviet space program ''Venera'' for the exploration of Venus. Venera 5 was launched towards Venus to obtain atmospheric data. The spacecraft was very similar to Venera 4 although it was ...

** Venera 6 ** Venera 7 ** Venera 8 ** Cosmos 482 ** Venera 9 ** Venera 10 ** Venera 11 ** Venera 12 **

Venera 13 Venera 13 ( 'Venus 13') was part of the Soviet space program, Soviet Venera program meant to explore Venus. Venera 13 and 14 were identical spacecraft built to take advantage of the 1981 Venus launch opportunity. The probes were launched five da ...

** Venera 14 ** Venera 15 ** Venera 16 *

** Mars 1M ** Mars 1 ** Mars 1969A ** Mars 1969B ** Cosmos 419 ** Mars 2 **

Mars 3 Mars 3 was a robotic space probe of the Soviet Mars program, launched May 28, 1971, nine days after its twin spacecraft Mars 2. The probes were identical robotic spacecraft launched by Proton-K rockets with a Blok D upper stage, each consisti ...

** Mars 4 **

Phobos program The Phobos program () was an uncrewed space mission consisting of two probes launched by the Soviet Union to study Mars Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. It is also known as the "Red Planet", because of its orange-red appeara ...

** Mars 96 * Zond program ** Zond 1 ** Zond 1964A ** Zond 2 ** Zond 3 ** Zond 1967A ** Zond 1967B ** Zond 4 ** Zond 5 ** Zond 6 ** Zond 7 ** Zond 8

Cargo spacecraft

Progress (spacecraft) The Progress () is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Originally developed for the Soviet space program and derived from the crewed Soyuz (spacecraft), Soyuz spacecraft, Progress has been instrumental in maintaining long-duration space miss ...

** Progress-M ** Progress-M1 ** Progress 7K-TG

Crewed spacecraft

Vostok programme The Vostok programme ( ; rus, Восток, p=vɐˈstok, a=ru-восток.ogg, t=East) was a Soviet human spaceflight project to put the first Soviet cosmonauts into low Earth orbit and return them safely. Competing with the United States P ...

Vostok (spacecraft) Vostok (, translated as "East") was a class of single-pilot crewed spacecraft built by the Soviet Union. The first human spaceflight was accomplished with Vostok 1 on Cosmonautics Day, April 12, 1961, by Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. The Vost ...

* Voskhod programme ** Voskhod (spacecraft) *

Soyuz programme The Soyuz programme ( , ; , meaning "Union") is a human spaceflight programme initiated by the Soviet Union in the early 1960s. The Soyuz spacecraft was originally part of a Moon landing project intended to put a Soviet cosmonaut on the Moon ...

Soyuz (spacecraft) Soyuz () is a series of spacecraft which has been in service since the 1960s, having made more than 140 flights. It was designed for the Soviet space program by the Korolev Design Bureau (now Energia (corporation), Energia). The Soyuz succeeded ...

*** Soyuz A *** Soyuz B ***

Soyuz 7K-L1 Soyuz 7K-L1 "Zond" spacecraft was designed to launch cosmonaut, cosmonauts from the Earth to circle the Moon without going into lunar orbit in the context of the Soviet crewed lunar programs, Soviet crewed Moon-flyby program in the Moon race. ...

*** Soyuz 7K-L3 *** Soyuz 7K-LOK *** Soyuz 7K-OK *** Soyuz 7K-OKS *** Soyuz 7K-T *** Soyuz 7K-TM ***

Soyuz-T The Soyuz-T (, ''Union-T'') spacecraft was the third generation Soyuz spacecraft, in service for seven years from 1979 to 1986. The ''T'' stood for transport (, ). The revised spacecraft incorporated lessons learned from the Apollo Soyuz Test ...

*** Soyuz-TM *** Soyuz TM-1 *** Soyuz-TMA *** Soyuz TMA-M *** Soyuz-V *** Military Soyuz *

Buran programme The ''Buran'' programme (, , "Snowstorm", "Blizzard"), also known as the "VKK Space Orbiter programme" (), was a Soviet and later Russian reusable spacecraft project that began in 1974 at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute in Moscow and w ...

Buran (spacecraft) ''Buran'' (, , ; GRAU index serial number: 11F35 1K, construction number: 1.01) was the first spaceplane to be produced as part of the Soviet/Russian Buran programme, Buran program. The Buran orbiters were similar in design to the Space Shutt ...

* Kliper *

LK (spacecraft) The LK (, from ; GRAU, GRAU index: 11F94) was a lunar module (lunar lander designed for human spaceflight) developed in the 1960s as a part of several Soviet crewed lunar programs. Its role was analogous to the American Apollo Lunar Module (LM). ...

Orel (spacecraft) Orel () or Oryol, formerly Federation (), and PPTS (), is a project by Roscosmos to develop a new-generation, partially Reusable launch system, reusable Spacecraft#Crewed spacecraft, crewed spacecraft. Until 2016, the official name was () or PT ...

Earth space stations

Salyut programme The ''Salyut'' programme (, , meaning "salute" or "fireworks") was the first space station programme, undertaken by the Soviet Union. It involved a series of four crewed scientific research space stations and two crewed military reconnaissa ...

Salyut 1 Salyut 1 (), also known as DOS-1 (Durable Orbital Station 1), was the world's first space station. It was launched into low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on April 19, 1971. The Salyut programme, ''Salyut'' program subsequently achieved five m ...

** Salyut 2 ** Cosmos 557 **

Salyut 3 Salyut 3 (, also known as OPS-2 or Almaz 2Portree (1995).) was a Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental coun ...

** Salyut 4 ** Salyut 5 ** Salyut 6 **

Salyut 7 Salyut 7 (), also known as DOS-6 (Durable Orbital Station 6) was a space station in low Earth orbit from April 1982 to February 1991. It was first crewed in May 1982 with two crew via Soyuz T-5, and last visited in June 1986, by Soyuz T-15. Va ...

Mir ''Mir'' (, ; ) was a space station operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, first by the Soviet Union and later by the Russia, Russian Federation. ''Mir'' was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to ...

* Modules of the

, see the

** Zarya ** Zvezda ** Pirs ** Poisk ** Rassvet

Lunar orbital spacecraft

* Soyuz A *

* Soyuz 7K-L3 with Lunar Landing Module (as a part of N1-L3 lunar complex).

Committee of innovative youth projects

Committee of Innovative Youth Projects (Russian: Комитет инновационных проектов молодежи) also known as KIPM of RSC Energia is a network structure that unites specialists and heads of different divisions to quickly develop and launch innovative products. KIPM was established in early 2016 on the initiative of a group of young engineers from the RSC Energia. The main task of the new structure is to give young specialists the opportunity to realize their creative ideas. The main criterion for projects selecting is their potential demand in the market. Currently KIPM work on five projects: * Unmanned aerial vehicle remote power supply * 1U-6U Cubesat Deployer * Parachute system with an elastic linkage and tandem cargo separation * Assembly of lunar expedition complex at LEO * Hardware and software system for space experiments onboard crewed space station.

Note

References

External links

* *
Rocket and space corporation Energia (1946–1996). The book for the 50th anniversary of the enterprise

* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20180619062856/http://www.07tour.com/rsc-energia-museum/ RSC Energia museum
KIPM of RSC Energia
* "I look back and have no regrets. " - Author: Abramov, Anatoly Petrovich: publisher "New format" Barnaul, 2022. {{authority control Energia Aerospace companies of the Soviet Union Companies based in Moscow Oblast Soviet and Russian space institutions Rocket engine manufacturers of Russia Manufacturing companies established in 1946 1946 establishments in the Soviet Union Technology companies established in 1946 Sergei Korolev Government-owned companies of Russia Russian brands Companies listed on the Moscow Exchange Design bureaus