Sordariomycetes is a

class Class, Classes, or The Class may refer to: Common uses not otherwise categorized * Class (biology), a taxonomic rank * Class (knowledge representation), a collection of individuals or objects * Class (philosophy), an analytical concept used d ...

fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...

in the subdivision

Pezizomycotina Pezizomycotina is the largest subdivision of Ascomycota, containing the filamentous ascomycetes and most lichenized fungi. It is more or less synonymous with the older taxon Euascomycota. These fungi reproduce by fission rather than budding. Thi ...

(

Ascomycota Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The def ...

). It is the second-largest class of Ascomycota, with a worldwide distribution that mostly accommodates terrestrial based taxa, although several can also be found in aquatic habitats. Some are phytopathogens that can cause leaf, stem, and root diseases in a wide variety of hosts, while other genera can cause diseases in

arthropods Arthropods ( ) are invertebrates in the phylum Arthropoda. They possess an arthropod exoskeleton, exoskeleton with a cuticle made of chitin, often Mineralization (biology), mineralised with calcium carbonate, a body with differentiated (Metam ...

and mammals. The name Sordariomycetes is derived from the Latin ''sordes'' (filth) because some species grow in animal feces, though growth habits vary widely across the class. In 2013, it consisted of 3 subclasses, 12

orders Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * H ...

, 600 genera and 3000 species, Then by 2015, it had 3 subclasses, 28 orders, 90

families Family (from ) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictability, structure, and safety as ...

and 1344

genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ...

. This has increased to 4 subclasses and 54

in 2020. It then increased to 6 subclasses and 54

in 2023. In May 2023, the

GBIF The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is an international organisation that focuses on making scientific data on biodiversity available via the Internet using web services. The data are provided by many institutions from around the ...

listed 26,295 species in Sordariomycetes. Sordariomycetes generally produce their asci in perithecial fruiting bodies. Sordariomycetes are also known as Pyrenomycetes, from the Greek - 'the stone of a fruit' - because of the usually somewhat tough texture of their tissue. Sordariomycetes possess great variability in morphology, growth form, and habitat. Most have perithecial (flask-shaped) fruiting bodies, but ascomata can be less frequently cleistothecial (such as in the genera '' Anixiella'', '' Apodus'', '' Boothiella'', '' Thielavia'' and '' Zopfiella''). Fruiting bodies may be solitary or gregarious, superficial, or immersed within stromata or tissues of the substrates and can be light to bright or black. Members of this group can grow in soil, dung,

leaf litter Plant litter (also leaf litter, tree litter, soil litter, litterfall, or duff) is dead plant material (such as leaves, bark, needles, twigs, and cladodes) that has fallen to the ground. This detritus or dead organic material and its constituen ...

, and decaying wood as decomposers, as well as being fungal parasites, and insect, human, and plant pathogens. Sordariomycetes are one of the classes that can also be found in the sea, such as orders, Lulworthiales and Koralionastetales, which were placed in the subclass Lulworthiomycetidae, consist of exclusively marine taxa. Some species of Sordariomycetes are economically important as bio-control agents, and other genera can produce a wide range of chemically diverse

metabolites In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism. The term is usually used for small molecules. Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, c ...

, that are important in agricultural, medicinal and other biotechnological industries.

Subclasses and orders

As accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2022. Subclass Diaporthomycetidae * Annulatascales * Atractosporales * Calosphaeriales *

Diaporthales Diaporthales is an order (biology), order of sac fungi. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added a number of name families to the order. Diaporthales includes a number of plant pathogenic fungi, the most notorious of which is ''Cryphonectria parasiti ...

* Distoseptisporales * Jobellisiales * Magnaporthales * Myrmecridiales * Ophiostomatales * Pararamichloridiales * Phomatosporales * Sporidesmiales * Tirisporellales * Togniniales * Xenospadicoidales Subclass Hypocreomycetidae * Cancellidiales * Coronophorales (Melanosporales) * Falcocladiales *

Glomerellales Glomerellales is an order of ascomycetous fungi within the subclass Hypocreomycetidae (Sordariomycetes). The order includes saprobes, endophytes and pathogens on plants, animals and other fungi with representatives found all over the world in ...

Hypocreales The Hypocreales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes. In 2008, it was estimated that it contained some 237 genera, and 2647 species in seven families. Since then, a considerable number of further taxa have been identified, in ...

Microascales The Microascales are an order of fungi in the class Sordariomycetes, subclass Hypocreomycetidae. This is a relatively small order of mostly saprobic fungi that live in soil, rotting vegetation and dung. Some species are plant pathogens, such a ...

(Halosphaeriales) * Parasympodiellales * Torpedosporales Subclass Lulworthiomycetidae * Koralionastetales (contains family Koralionastetaceae with genera; '' Koralionastes'' and '' Pontogeneia'') * Lulworthiales Subclass Pisorisporiomycetidae * Pisorisporiales (contains family Pisorisporiaceae and genera; '' Achroceratosphaeria'' and '' Pisorisporium'') Subclass Savoryellomycetidae * Conioscyphales (contains family Conioscyphaceae and genus '' Conioscypha'') * Fuscosporellales (contains family Fuscosporellaceae with genera; '' Bactrodesmiastrum'', '' Fuscosporella'', '' Mucispora'', '' Parafuscosporella'', '' Plagiascoma'' and '' Pseudoascotaiwania'') * Pleurotheciales (contains family Pleurotheciaceae with genera; '' Adelosphaeria'', '' Anapleurothecium'', '' Helicoascotaiwania'', '' Melanotrigonum'', '' Neomonodictys'', '' Phaeoisaria'', '' Pleurotheciella'', '' Pleurothecium'' and '' Sterigmatobotrys'') * Savoryellales (contains family Savoryellaceae with genera; '' Ascotaiwania'', '' Canalisporium'', '' Dematiosporium'', '' Monotosporella'', '' Neoascotaiwania'' and '' Savoryella'') Subclass Sordariomycetidae * Boliniales * Cephalothecales * Chaetosphaeriales * Coniochaetales * Meliolales * Phyllachorales * Pseudodactylariales * Sordariales Subclass Xylariomycetidae * Amphisphaeriales (includes Apiosporaceae ) * Delonicicolales * Xylariales

Order incertae sedis

* Amplistromatales * Catabotryales * Spathulosporales * Tracyllalales * Trichosphaeriales * Vermiculariopsiellales

Familia ''incertae sedis''

These are families in the Sordariomycetes whose taxonomic affinities are not sufficiently well known to be placed in any order. * Batistiaceae * Obryzaceae * Papulosaceae * Plectosphaerellaceae * Thyridiaceae (contains ''Balzania'', ''Mattirolia'', ''Pleurocytospora'', ''Sinosphaeria'', ''Thyridium'', ''Thyronectria'' and ''Thyronectroidea'') * Vialaeaceae

Genera ''incertae sedis''

These 108 genera within the Sordariomycetes have an uncertain taxonomic placement (

incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...

), according to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota. A question mark preceding the genus name means the placement of that genus within this order is uncertain. '' Abyssomyces'' – '' Acerbiella'' – '' Acrospermoides'' – '' Ameromassaria'' – '' Amphisphaerellula'' – '' Amphisphaerina'' – '' Amphorulopsis'' – '' Amylis'' – '' Anthostomaria'' – '' Anthostomellina'' – '' Apharia'' – '' Apodothina'' – '' Apogaeumannomyces'' – '' Aquadulciospora'' – '' Aquamarina'' – '' Aropsiclus'' – '' Ascorhiza'' – '' Ascoyunnania'' – '' Assoa'' – '' Aulospora'' – '' Azbukinia'' – '' Bactrosphaeria'' – '' Barrina'' – '' Biporispora'' – '' Bombardiastrum'' – '' Brenesiella'' – '' Byrsomyces'' – '' Byssotheciella'' – '' Caleutypa'' – '' Calosphaeriopsis'' – '' Caproniella'' – '' Chaetoamphisphaeria'' – '' Charonectria'' – '' Ciliofusospora'' – ''

Clohiesia ''Clohiesia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Annulatascaceae of the Ascomycota. They inhabit fresh water. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the Sordariomycetes class is unknown (''incertae sedis''), and it has not yet been pl ...

'' – '' Clypeoceriospora'' – '' Clypeosphaerulina'' – '' Cryptoascus'' – '' Cryptomycina'' – '' Cryptovalsa'' – '' Cucurbitopsis'' – '' Curvatispora'' – '' Dasysphaeria'' – '' Delpinoella'' – '' Diacrochordon'' – '' Dontuzia'' – '' Dryosphaera'' – '' Endoxylina'' – '' Esfandiariomyces'' – '' Frondisphaera'' – '' Glabrotheca'' – '' Heliastrum'' – '' Hyaloderma'' – '' Hydronectria'' – '' Hypotrachynicola'' – '' Immersisphaeria'' – '' Iraniella'' – '' Khuskia'' – '' Konenia'' – '' Kravtzevia'' – '' Kurssanovia'' – '' Lecythium'' – '' Leptosacca'' – '' Leptosphaerella'' – '' Leptosporina'' – '' Lyonella'' – '' Mangrovispora'' – '' Melomastia'' – '' Microcyclephaeria'' – '' Mirannulata'' – '' Monosporascus'' – '' Myrmecridium'' – ''? Naumovela'' – ''? Neocryptospora'' – '' Neolamya'' – '' Neothyridaria'' – '' Oceanitis'' – '' Ophiomassaria'' – '' Ornatispora'' – '' Pareutypella'' – '' Phomatospora'' – '' Phyllocelis'' – '' Plectosphaerella'' – '' Pleocryptospora'' – '' Pleosphaeria'' – '' Pontogeneia'' – '' Porodiscus'' – '' Protocucurbitaria'' – '' Pulvinaria'' – '' Pumilus'' – '' Rehmiomycella'' – '' Rhamphosphaeria'' – '' Rhizophila'' – '' Rimaconus'' – '' Rhopographella'' – '' Rhynchosphaeria'' – '' Rivulicola'' – '' Romellina'' – '' Saccardoella'' – '' Sarcopyrenia'' – '' Sartorya'' – '' Scharifia'' – '' Scoliocarpon'' – '' Scotiosphaeria'' – '' Servaziella'' – '' Sporoctomorpha'' – '' Stearophora'' – '' Stegophorella'' – '' Stellosetifera'' – '' Stomatogenella'' – '' Sungaiicola'' – '' Synsphaeria'' – '' Tamsiniella'' – '' Thelidiella'' – '' Thyridella'' – '' Thyrotheca'' – '' Trichospermella'' – '' Trichosphaeropsis'' – '' Vleugelia'' – '' Zignoina''

References

External links