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Xylariales
The Xylariales are an order (biology), order of fungi within the class (biology), class Sordariomycetes (also known as Pyrenomycetes), subdivision Pezizomycotina, division (mycology), division Ascomycota. It was the original order of the Class (taxonomy), subclass Xylariomycetidae. Xylariales was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed in 1932 by Swedish mycologist John Axel Nannfeldt, and Xylariomycetidae by Ove Erik Eriksson and Katarina Winka in 1997. Taxonomy Early classifications of the Xylariales varied considerably, with taxonomists recognising anywhere from three to eleven family (biology), families within the order. A milestone in understanding the order's composition came from Smith, Liew, and Hyde's 2003 molecular phylogenetics study, which established the Xylariales as a monophyletic group containing seven families: Amphisphaeriaceae, Apiosporaceae, Clypeosphaeriaceae, Diatrypaceae, Graphostromataceae, Hyponectriaceae, and Xylariaceae. During this period, fungi in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graphostromataceae
The Graphostromataceae are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order Xylariales. This was a monotypic family, containing the single genus ''Graphostroma'', which in turn contains the single species ''Graphostroma platystoma''. Species Fungorum added genus ''Theissenia'' (with its 2 species) to the family. In 2018, multi-gene phylogenetic analyses revealed that ''Graphostromataceae'' was close to the families of Barrmaeliaceae and Xylariaceae (Daranagama et al. 2018, Voglmayr et al. 2018, Wendt et al. 2018). Then based on phylogeny and morphology, ''Theissenia'' was excluded from the family and accepted in Hypoxylaceae (Wendt et al. 2018). Five accepted genera maybe contained in the ''Graphostromataceae'' family; ''Biscogniauxia'' (formerly of family Xylariaceae), ''Camillea'' (formerly of family Xylariaceae), ''Graphostroma'', ''Obolarina'' (formerly of family Xylariaceae), and ''Vivantia'' (formerly of family Xylariaceae). Species Fungorum agrees on the above. Reference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diatrypaceae
The ''Diatrypaceae'' are a family of fungi in the order Xylariales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family has 13 genera Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial s ... and 229 species. Genera Genera include: *'' Allescherina'' *'' Anthostoma'' *'' Cryptosphaeria'' *'' Diatrype'' *'' Diatrypella'' *'' Dothideovalsa'' *'' Echinomyces'' *'' Eutypa'' *'' Eutypella'' *'' Leptoperidia'' *'' Libertella'' *'' Peroneutypa'' *'' Quaternaria'' *'' Rostronitschkia'' References Xylariales {{Xylariales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clypeosphaeriaceae
The Clypeosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Xylariales. Genera As accepted by GBIF The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is an international organisation that focuses on making scientific data on biodiversity available via the Internet using web services. The data are provided by many institutions from around the ...; *'' Amerostege'' *'' Apioclypea'' (6) *'' Apiorhynchostoma'' (4) *'' Aquasphaeria'' (1) *'' Brunneiapiospora'' (9) *'' Clypeosphaeria'' (40) *'' Crassoascus'' (3) *'' Curvatispora'' (1) *'' Duradens'' (1) *'' Entosordaria'' (6) *'' Palmomyces'' (1) *'' Pseudovalsaria'' (4) *'' Stereosphaeria'' (1) Figures in brackets are approx. how many species per genus. References Xylariales Ascomycota families {{Xylariales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphisphaeriaceae
The ''Amphisphaeriaceae'' are a family of fungi that is mainly found in parts of New Zealand, South America, Asia and parts of Europe. According to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, there were 41 genera placed within the family, although the position of 13 of those genera is uncertain. The 2020 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa severely reduced the family to 4 members. Origins and controversies This family of fungi was established as ''Amphispaerieae'' to contain the previously unclassified genera '' Caryospora'', '' Strickeria'', '' Ohleria'', and '' Amphisphaeria'', among others. However, the name was forgotten over time. In 1964, the name was reintroduced as the current ''Amphisphaeriaceae'', and genera such as '' Apiorynchostoma'', and again, ''Amphisphaeria''. There was plenty of controversy about which order the Amphisphaeriaceae should be placed in. In 1973, ''Amphisphaeriaceae'' was placed under the order '' Sphaeriales'' (and some sources still classify it as such). I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylariomycetidae
XylariomycetidaeEriksson OE, Winka W (1997) Supraordinal taxa of Ascomycota. ''Myconet.'' 1:1-16. is a subclass of sac fungi. Orders As accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020; * Amphisphaeriales (15 families) ** ''Amphisphaeriaceae'' (4) ** '' Apiosporaceae'' (4) ** '' Beltraniaceae'' (9) ** '' Castanediellaceae'' (1) ** '' Clypeophysalosporaceae'' (4) ** '' Hyponectriaceae'' (17) ** '' Iodosphaeriaceae'' (1) ** '' Melogrammataceae'' (1) ** '' Oxydothidaceae'' (1) ** '' Phlogicylindriaceae'' (3) ** '' Pseudomassariaceae'' (4) ** '' Pseudosporidesmiaceae'' (1) ** '' Pseudotruncatellaceae'' (1) ** ''Sporocadaceae'' (35) ** '' Vialaeaceae'' (1) * Delonicicolales ** '' Delonicicolaceae'' (2 genera) ** '' Leptosilliaceae'' (1) * Xylariales (ca 20 families) ** '' Anungitiomycetaceae'' (3) ** '' Barrmaeliaceae'' (2) ** '' Cainiaceae'' (10) ** ''Clypeosphaeriaceae'' (7) ** '' Coniocessiaceae'' (2) ** ''Diatrypaceae'' (22) ** '' Fasciatisporaceae'' (1) ** ''Graphostromataceae'' (5) ** ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylariaceae
The Xylariaceae are a family of mostly small ascomycetous fungi. It is one of the most commonly encountered groups of ascomycetes and is found throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the world. They are typically found on wood, seeds, fruits, or plant leaves, some even associated with insect nests. Most decay wood and many are plant pathogens. One example of this family is King Alfred's Cake ('' Daldinia concentrica''). Phylogenetic analyses published in 2009 suggest that there are two main lineages in this family, Hypoxyloideae and Xylarioideae. Genera This is a complete list of genera in the Xylariaceae, based on the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota. A question mark before the genus name indicates that the placement of that taxon in this family is uncertain. '' Amphirosellinia'' — '' Annulohypoxylon'' — '' Anthostomella'' — '' Appendixia'' — '' Areolospora'' — ?'' Ascotricha'' — '' Ascovirgaria'' — '' Astrocystis'' — '' Bar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyponectriaceae
The Hyponectriaceae are a family of fungi, that was formerly in the order Xylariales The Xylariales are an order (biology), order of fungi within the class (biology), class Sordariomycetes (also known as Pyrenomycetes), subdivision Pezizomycotina, division (mycology), division Ascomycota. It was the original order of the Class (t .... It was placed in the Amphisphaeriales order in 2020. Genera As accepted in 2020 (with amount of genera); * '' Apiothyrium'' (2) * '' Arecomyces'' (10) * '' Arwidssonia'' (2) * '' Cesatiella'' (3) * '' Chamaeascus'' (1) * '' Discosphaerina'' (21) * '' Exarmidium'' (14) * '' Frondicola'' (1) * '' Hyponectria'' (30) * '' Lichenoverruculina'' (1) * '' Micronectria'' (4) * '' Papilionovela'' (1) * '' Pellucida'' (1) * '' Phragmitensis'' (2) * '' Physalospora'' (37) * '' Rhachidicola'' (1) * '' Xenothecium'' (1) References Amphisphaeriales Taxa named by Franz Petrak {{Xylariales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sordariomycetes
Sordariomycetes is a class of fungi in the subdivision Pezizomycotina (Ascomycota). It is the second-largest class of Ascomycota, with a worldwide distribution that mostly accommodates terrestrial based taxa, although several can also be found in aquatic habitats. Some are phytopathogens that can cause leaf, stem, and root diseases in a wide variety of hosts, while other genera can cause diseases in arthropods and mammals. The name Sordariomycetes is derived from the Latin ''sordes'' (filth) because some species grow in animal feces, though growth habits vary widely across the class. In 2013, it consisted of 3 subclasses, 12 orders, 600 genera and 3000 species, Then by 2015, it had 3 subclasses, 28 orders, 90 families and 1344 genera. This has increased to 4 subclasses and 54 orders in 2020. It then increased to 6 subclasses and 54 orders in 2023. In May 2023, the GBIF listed 26,295 species in Sordariomycetes. Sordariomycetes generally produce their asci in perithecial fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylaria Hypoxylon
''Xylaria hypoxylon'' is a species of bioluminescent fungus in the family Xylariaceae. It is known by a variety of common names, such as the candlestick fungus, the candlesnuff fungus, carbon antlers, or the stag's horn fungus. The ascocarp, fruit bodies, characterized by erect, elongated black branches with whitened tips, typically grow in clusters on decaying hardwood. The fungus can cause a root rot in Crataegus, hawthorn and gooseberry plants. Taxonomy ''Xylaria hypoxylon'' was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1745, and then later mentioned by him in his ''Species Plantarum II''. The specific name (botany), specific epithet is derived from the Greek language, Greek words ''hypo'' meaning "below", and ''xylon'', meaning "wood". Genetic evidence has created the ''Xylaria hypoxylon'' complex. The complex was created when Taxonomy (biology), taxonomists and amateurs noticed large variation in appearance and spore shape within the main species and decided that the differences ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascospore
In fungi, an ascospore is the sexual spore formed inside an ascus—the sac-like cell that defines the division Ascomycota, the largest and most diverse Division (botany), division of fungi. After two parental cell nucleus, nuclei fuse, the ascus undergoes meiosis (halving of genetic material) followed by a mitosis (cell division), ordinarily producing eight genetically distinct haploid spores; most yeasts stop at four ascospores, whereas some moulds carry out extra post-meiotic divisions to yield dozens. Many asci build turgor, internal pressure and shoot their spores clear of the calm boundary layer, thin layer of still air enveloping the fruit body, whereas subterranean truffles depend on animals for biological dispersal, dispersal. Ontogeny, Development shapes both form and endurance of ascospores. A hook-shaped crozier aligns the paired nuclei; a double-biological membrane, membrane system then parcels each daughter nucleus, and successive wall layers of β-glucan, chitosan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Class (taxonomy)
In biological classification, class () is a taxonomic rank, as well as a taxonomic unit, a taxon, in that rank. It is a group of related taxonomic orders. Other well-known ranks in descending order of size are domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class ranking between phylum and order. History The class as a distinct rank of biological classification having its own distinctive name – and not just called a ''top-level genus'' ''(genus summum)'' – was first introduced by French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in the classification of plants that appeared in his '' Eléments de botanique'' of 1694. Insofar as a general definition of a class is available, it has historically been conceived as embracing taxa that combine a distinct ''grade'' of organization—i.e. a 'level of complexity', measured in terms of how differentiated their organ systems are into distinct regions or sub-organs—with a distinct ''type'' of construction, which is to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
