The Xylariaceae are a

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

of mostly small ascomycetous fungi. It is one of the most commonly encountered groups of ascomycetes and is found throughout the

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ran ...

and

tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's ax ...

regions of the world. They are typically found on wood, seeds, fruits, or plant leaves, some even associated with insect nests. Most decay wood and many are plant

pathogen In biology, a pathogen (, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a Germ theory of d ...

s. One example of this family is King Alfred's Cake ('' Daldinia concentrica''). Phylogenetic analyses published in 2009 suggest that there are two main lineages in this family, Hypoxyloideae and Xylarioideae.

Genera

This is a complete list of genera in the Xylariaceae, based on the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota. A question mark before the genus name indicates that the placement of that taxon in this family is uncertain. '' Amphirosellinia'' — '' Annulohypoxylon'' — '' Anthostomella'' — '' Appendixia'' — '' Areolospora'' — ?'' Ascotricha'' — '' Ascovirgaria'' — '' Astrocystis'' — '' Barrmaelia'' — '' Biscogniauxia'' — '' Calceomyces'' — '' Camillea'' — '' Chaenocarpus'' — '' Collodiscula'' — '' Creosphaeria'' — '' Cyanopulvis'' — '' Daldinia'' — '' Discoxylaria'' — ?'' Emarcea'' — ''

Engleromyces ''Engleromyces'' is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae. The genus contains two species, the type species, type ''Engleromyces goetzei'' (found in Africa and Asia) and ''E. sinensis'' (found in China), described as new in 2010. The ge ...

'' — '' Entoleuca'' — '' Entonaema'' — '' Euepixylon'' — '' Fasciatispora'' — '' Fassia'' — '' Gigantospora'' — '' Guestia'' — '' Halorosellinia'' — '' Helicogermslita'' — '' Holttumia'' — '' Hypocopra'' — '' Hypoxylon'' — '' Induratia'' — '' Jumillera'' — '' Kretzschmaria'' — '' Kretzschmariella'' — '' Leprieuria'' — ?'' Leptomassaria'' — '' Lopadostoma'' — '' Muscodor'' — '' Myconeesia'' — '' Nemania'' — '' Nipicola'' — '' Obolarina'' — '' Occultitheca'' — '' Ophiorosellinia'' — '' Pandanicola'' — '' Paramphisphaeria'' — ?'' Paucithecium'' — '' Phylacia'' — '' Pidoplitchkoviella'' — '' Podosordaria'' — '' Poroleprieuria'' — ''

Poronia ''Poronia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Karl Ludwig Willdenow in 1787. Species *''Poronia australiensis'' *''Poronia ehrenbergii'' *''Poronia erici'' *''Poronia gigantea'' *''Poronia gleditschii ...

'' — '' Pyrenomyxa (=Pulveria)'' — '' Rhopalostroma'' — '' Rosellinia'' — '' Sabalicola'' — '' Sarcoxylon'' — ?'' Sclerodermatopsis'' — ?'' Seynesia'' — '' Spirodecospora'' — '' Stereosphaeria'' — '' Stilbohypoxylon'' — '' Striatodecospora'' — '' Stromatoneurospora'' — '' Thamnomyces'' — '' Theissenia'' — '' Thuemenella'' — '' Vivantia'' — '' Wawelia'' — '' Whalleya'' — ''

Xylaria ''Xylaria'' is a genus of ascomycetous fungi commonly found growing on dead wood. The name comes from the Greek ''xýlon'' meaning ''wood'' (see xylem). 'Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa' by Wijayawardene et al. lists up to (ca. 571) spe ...

'' — '' Xylocoremium'' — '' Xylotumulus''

References

* ''Xylaria'' website managed by Jack D. Rogers, Yu-Ming Ju and Michael J. Adams: http://mycology.sinica.edu.tw/xylariaceae/default.asp Xylariales Taxa named by Edmond Tulasne {{Xylariales-stub