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Sufism Sufism ( or ) is a mysticism, mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic Tazkiyah, purification, spirituality, ritualism, and Asceticism#Islam, asceticism. Practitioners of Sufism are r ...
, a (Arabic ) is a
novice A novice is a person who has entered a religious order and is under probation, before taking vows. A ''novice'' can also refer to a person (or animal e.g. racehorse) who is entering a profession with no prior experience. Religion Buddhism ...
committed to spiritual enlightenment by (traversing a path) under a spiritual guide, who may take the title , or . A or Sufi follower only becomes a when he makes a pledge () to a . The equivalent
Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
term is . The
initiation Initiation is a rite of passage marking entrance or acceptance into a group or society. It could also be a formal admission to adulthood in a community or one of its formal components. In an extended sense, it can also signify a transformatio ...
process of a is known as () or . Before initiation, a is instructed by his guide, who must first accept the initiate as his
disciple A disciple is a follower and student of a mentor, teacher, or other figure. It can refer to: Religion * Disciple (Christianity), a student of Jesus Christ * Twelve Apostles of Jesus, sometimes called the Twelve Disciples * Seventy disciples in t ...
. Throughout the instruction period, the typically experiences waridates like visions and dreams during personal spiritual awrads and exercises. These visions are interpreted by the . A common practice among the early Sufi orders was to grant a or a robe to the upon the initiation or after he had progressed through a series of increasingly difficult and significant tasks on the path of mystical development until attaining stage. This practice is not very common now. Murīds often receive books of instruction from and often accompany itinerant on their wanderings. A fundamental practice involves teaching the mûrîd (Arabic: موريد "the disciple") an array of seven "names". #The first one consists in repeating lâ ilâha ilal 'llâhu (Arabic: لا إله إلا الله "there is no god except God") between 12,000 and 70,000 times in a day and night. If the mûršîd (Arabic: مُرشِد "the spiritual guide") is satisfied with the mûrîd's progress, then the mûrîd is allowed to continue with the six remaining names: # Allâh (Arabic: الله "God") three times; #
huwa Hu (Arabic: هُوَ male third person pronounce) is a pronoun to refer to God in Sufism. Literally, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Arabic for the English third person). Usage In Sufism ''Hu'' is the pronoun used for Allah or God. ''Allah Hu'' means " ...
(Arabic: هو "He is"), #
ḥaqq Haqq ( ) is the Arabic word for truth. In Islamic contexts, it is also interpreted as right and reality. , 'the truth', is one of the names of God in the Qur'an. It is often used to refer to God as the ultimate reality in Islam. See also * Abd ...
(Arabic: الحق "The Absolute Truth") three times; # ḥayy (Arabic: الحى "The Ever- Living) three times; # qayyûm (Arabic: القيوم "The Sustainer, The Self Subsisting") three times; # qahhâr (Arabic: القهار "The Ever-Dominating").


See also

*
Murīdūn The Murīdūn ("disciples") were a Sufi order in al-Andalus that rebelled against the authority of the Almoravid dynasty in 1141 and ruled a ''taifa'' based on Mértola in the al-Gharb from 1144 until 1151. The founder and leader of the Murīdū ...
, Andalusī movement that revolted against Almoravid authority in 1144 * Murid War, war between Russia and a Caucasian Naqshbandi movement in the 19th century *
Mouride brotherhood The Mouride brotherhood (, ''aṭ-Ṭarīqat al-Murīdiyyah'' or simply , ''al-Murīdiyyah'') is a large ''tariqa'' (Sufi order) most prominent in Senegal and The Gambia with headquarters in the city of Touba, which is a holy city for the order ...
, a prominent Sufi ''tariqa'' in West Africa, founded in 1883 *
Talibe A talibé (also spelled ''talibe'', plural ''talibés''; , 'student'; pl. ) is a boy, usually from Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Chad, Mali or Mauritania, who studies the Quran at a daara (West African equivalent of madrasa). This ...
*
Salik A sālik is a follower of Sufism, from the verb ''salaka'' which means to travel or follow, related to ''sulūk'' "pathway". ''Sulūk'' here specifically refers to a spiritual path, i.e. the combination of the two "paths" that can be followed ...
* Wasil * Majzoob * Muqarrab *


References


External links

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Arabic words and phrases Sufism {{Sufism-stub