Manila South Road
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National Route 1 (N1) is a primary national route that forms part of the
Philippine highway network The Philippine highway network is a network of highway, national roads owned and maintained by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and organized into three classifications according to their function or purpose: national primar ...
, running from Luzon to Mindanao. Except for a gap in
Metro Manila Metropolitan Manila ( ), commonly shortened to Metro Manila and formally the National Capital Region (NCR; ), is the capital region and largest List of metropolitan areas in the Philippines, metropolitan area of the Philippines. Located ...
and ferry connections, the highway is generally continuous. Most sections of N1 forms the
Pan-Philippine Highway The Pan-Philippine Highway, also known as the Maharlika Highway (; ), is a network of roads, expressways, bridges, and ferry services that connect the islands of Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao in the Philippines, serving as the country's p ...
except for sections bypassed by expressways.


Route description

N1 follows a route that runs from
Laoag Laoag (), officially the City of Laoag (; ), is a component city and capital of the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 111,651 people. It is the province's most populous settlement, ...
in
Ilocos Norte Ilocos Norte (), officially the Province of Ilocos Norte (; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province of the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region. It is located in the northwest corner of Luzon island, bordering Cagayan and Apayao to t ...
to
Zamboanga City Zamboanga City, officially the City of Zamboanga (; ; Subanen languages, Subanen: ''Bagbenwa Sembwangan''; Sama–Bajaw languages, Sama: ''Lungsud Samboangan''; ; ; ) is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city i ...
via
Bicol Region The Bicol Region, designated as Region V, is an administrative region of the Philippines. It comprises six Provinces of the Philippines, provinces, four on the Bicol Peninsula (the luzon#Southeastern Luzon, southeastern end of Luzon): Albay, Ca ...
,
Eastern Visayas Eastern Visayas (; ; ; ) is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region VIII. It consists of three main islands: Samar, Leyte, and Biliran. The region has six provinces: Biliran, Leyte, Northern Samar, Samar, Easte ...
and eastern and southern parts of
Mindanao Mindanao ( ) is the List of islands of the Philippines, second-largest island in the Philippines, after Luzon, and List of islands by population, seventh-most populous island in the world. Located in the southern region of the archipelago, the ...
. The highway connects most major regional centers on its route and runs through different landscapes. The highway is mostly named Maharlika Highway, but other sections use different names.


Ilocos Region

N1 begins at the intersection with N2 (
Manila North Road The MacArthur Highway, officially the Manila North Road (MNR or MaNor), is a , two-to-six lane, national primary highway and tertiary highway in Luzon, Philippines, connecting Caloocan in Metro Manila to Aparri in Cagayan at the north. It is t ...
) and N100 ( Laoag Airport Road) in
Laoag Laoag (), officially the City of Laoag (; ), is a component city and capital of the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 111,651 people. It is the province's most populous settlement, ...
as Manila North Road (''MaNor''). It then crosses Padsan River via Gilbert Bridge and enters the city proper of Laoag, where it splits before turning to the east in front of Ilocos Norte Provincial Capitol, where the
Pan-Philippine Highway The Pan-Philippine Highway, also known as the Maharlika Highway (; ), is a network of roads, expressways, bridges, and ferry services that connect the islands of Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao in the Philippines, serving as the country's p ...
commences. It then briefly follows J.P. Rizal Avenue before turning to General Segundo Avenue; both are principal city streets passing through the city proper and through its outskirts. Approaching
Bacarra Bacarra, officially the Municipality of Bacarra (; ) is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 33,496 people. Geography The Municipality of Bacarra is bounded by the Mu ...
, it becomes a rural highway. At Bacarra, it bypasses the town center to the north and runs through a rural area, and then enters
Pasuquin Pasuquin, officially the Municipality of Pasuquin (; ), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 29,678 people. T ...
, where it serves as a major municipal street. Between Bacarra and
Burgos Burgos () is a city in Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital and most populous municipality of the province of Burgos. Burgos is situated in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, on the confluence of th ...
, it becomes a rural two-lane highway and passes through interspersed barangays along the
South China Sea The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by South China, in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan island, Taiwan and northwestern Philippines (mainly Luz ...
coastline. It soon climbs the mountains upon approach to Burgos, where the highway directly serves the town. The highway zigzags through the rough terrain and overlooks the beach where Bangui Wind Farm lies. It then passes through
Bangui Bangui (; or Bangî in Sango language, Sango, formerly written Bangi in English) is the Capital (political), capital and List of cities in the Central African Republic, largest city of the Central African Republic. It was established as a Fren ...
, where it runs as a major street on the town center, crosses Bulu River, and enters
Pagudpud Pagudpud, officially the Municipality of Pagudpud (; ), is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 25,098 people. It is the northernmost settlement on Luzon Island and a p ...
, where it bypasses the town proper. N1 runs through the foothills that mark the edge of the Northern Luzon Cordillera and runs close to the coastline of
Bashi Channel The Bashi Channel () is a waterway between Mavulis Island of the Batanes Islands, Philippines and Orchid Island of Taiwan. It is a part of the Luzon Strait, with the Pacific Ocean to the east, and is between the East China Sea and the South Chin ...
, where the highway zigzags through the cliffs through the
Patapat Viaduct The Patapat Viaduct, also known as the Patapat Bridge, is a viaduct in Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte, a coastal resort town in the northernmost tip of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The bridge is elevated over sea level. It is a concrete c ...
, a viaduct that is required for the highway to pass the steep cliffs marking the northern edge of the Cordillera Range. File:National Road, Gen. Segundo Avenue, Laoag city proper (Laoag, Ilocos Norte; 11-17-2022).jpg, N1 turning point at the southern terminus of General Segundo Avenue in
Laoag Laoag (), officially the City of Laoag (; ), is a component city and capital of the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 111,651 people. It is the province's most populous settlement, ...
File:National Road, Burgos Ilocos (Ilocos Norte; 11-17-2022).jpg, N1 in
Burgos, Ilocos Norte Burgos, officially the Municipality of Burgos (; ), is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 10,759 people. It was formerly known as Nagpartian and was renamed after the ...
File:Ilocos Norte - 19.jpg, N1 at
Patapat Viaduct The Patapat Viaduct, also known as the Patapat Bridge, is a viaduct in Pagudpud, Ilocos Norte, a coastal resort town in the northernmost tip of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The bridge is elevated over sea level. It is a concrete c ...
in
Pagudpud Pagudpud, officially the Municipality of Pagudpud (; ), is a municipality in the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 25,098 people. It is the northernmost settlement on Luzon Island and a p ...


Cagayan Valley

Entering the
Cagayan Valley Cagayan Valley (; ), designated as Region II, is an Regions of the Philippines, administrative region in the Philippines. Located in the northeastern section of Luzon, it is composed of five Provinces of the Philippines, Philippine provinces: ...
region, N1 follows Manila North Road up to barangay Bangag,
Aparri Aparri (ibanag language, Ibanag: ''Ili nat Aparri''; ; ), officially the Municipality of Aparri, is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of , Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a ...
, where it turns south and becomes Bangag-Magapit Road up to the Magapit Interchange in
Lal-lo Lal-lo, officially the Municipality of Lal-Lo (; ; ), is a municipality in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 48,733 people. During the Spanish colonial period, Lal-lo was known as Munici ...
. In Lal-lo, N1 is carried by the
Magapit Suspension Bridge The Magapit Bridge is suspension bridge spanning that connects the east and west sides of the Cagayan River in Lal-lo, Cagayan, Philippines. Opened in 1978, it carries Maharlika Highway, linking Barangays Bangag and Magapit in Lal-lo. The bridg ...
over the
Cagayan River The Cagayan River, also known as the Río Grande de Cagayán, is the longest river and the largest river by discharge volume of water in the Philippines. It has a total length of approximately and a drainage basin covering . It is located in ...
before meeting the Magapit Interchange. At the interchange, it turns southeast and becomes Cagayan Valley Road from Magapit, Lal-lo to
Tuguegarao Tuguegarao ( or ), officially the City of Tuguegarao (; ; ; ), is a 2nd class Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city and capital of the Provinces of the Philippines, province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2020 ...
, running parallel to the Cagayan River. In Tuguegarao, N1 turns east at the roundabout intersection with N106 (Tuguegarao Diversion Road) and N51 (
Santiago–Tuguegarao Road Santiago–Tuguegarao Road is a major national primary road in the provinces of Cagayan, Kalinga (province), Kalinga, and Isabela (province), Isabela in the Philippines. It is a bypass road of the Pan-Philippine Highway, also known as Cagayan ...
) to bypass the city proper towards
Peñablanca Peñablanca, officially the Municipality of Peñablanca (; ; ), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 50,300 people ...
and run parallel to the
Cagayan River The Cagayan River, also known as the Río Grande de Cagayán, is the longest river and the largest river by discharge volume of water in the Philippines. It has a total length of approximately and a drainage basin covering . It is located in ...
up to Reina Mercedes, Isabela. It then enters the province of Isabela and
Nueva Vizcaya Nueva Vizcaya, officially the Province of Nueva Vizcaya (; ; Pangasinan: ''Luyag/Probinsia na Nueva Vizcaya''; ), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital and largest town is Bayo ...
as Maharlika Highway, although it is alternatively called Cagayan Valley Road up to
Guiguinto Guiguinto, officially the Municipality of Guiguinto (), is a municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 113,415 people. It is the birthplace of composer Constancio de Guzman, kn ...
,
Bulacan Bulacan, officially the Province of Bulacan (; ; ; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon Regions of the Philippines, region. Its capital is the city of Malolos. Bulacan was established on ...
. It serves as the main artery of Isabela alongside N51. At Nueva Vizcaya, N1 runs parallel to and crosses the Magat River and traverses
Dalton Pass Dalton Pass, also called Balete Pass, is a zigzag road and mountain pass that joins the provinces of Nueva Ecija and Nueva Vizcaya, in central Luzon island of the Philippines. It is part of Cagayan Valley Road segment of Pan-Philippine Highway ( ...
, where Sierra Madre and Caraballo Sur meet. Although Cagayan Valley Road is limited to Cagayan, its name also alternatively extends up to N1's section in
Bulacan Bulacan, officially the Province of Bulacan (; ; ; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon Regions of the Philippines, region. Its capital is the city of Malolos. Bulacan was established on ...
. File:Cagayan Valley Road, Tuguegarao Nambbalan Sur, Cagayan River (Tuguegarao, Cagayan; 11-23-2022).jpg, N1 along the
Cagayan River The Cagayan River, also known as the Río Grande de Cagayán, is the longest river and the largest river by discharge volume of water in the Philippines. It has a total length of approximately and a drainage basin covering . It is located in ...
in
Tuguegarao Tuguegarao ( or ), officially the City of Tuguegarao (; ; ; ), is a 2nd class Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city and capital of the Provinces of the Philippines, province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2020 ...
,
Cagayan Cagayan ( ), officially the Province of Cagayan (; ; ; isnag language, Isnag: ''Provinsia nga Cagayan''; ivatan language, Ivatan: ''Provinsiya nu Cagayan''; ; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Cag ...
File:National Road, Cauayan Baringin (Cauayan, Isabela; 04-26-2024).jpg, N1 through the city proper of
Cauayan, Isabela Cauayan, officially the City of Cauayan (; Gaddang: ''Siyudad na Cauayan''; ; ), is a component city in the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 143,403 people. Etymology Cauayan derives it ...
File:FvfCordonIsabela3484 01.JPG, N1 in
Cordon, Isabela Cordon, officially the Municipality of Cordon (; ), is a municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 46,477 people. Being a town bordered by Santiago City, it became a favored des ...
File:Maharlika Highway, Aritao, Nueva Vizcaya, Mar 2024 (1).jpg, N1 in Aritao,
Nueva Vizcaya Nueva Vizcaya, officially the Province of Nueva Vizcaya (; ; Pangasinan: ''Luyag/Probinsia na Nueva Vizcaya''; ), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital and largest town is Bayo ...


Central Luzon


Nueva Ecija

The highway soon enters
Nueva Ecija Nueva Ecija, officially the Province of Nueva Ecija ( ; ; ; ), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. Its capital is the city of Palayan, while Cabanatuan, its former capital, is the largest Local gove ...
at
Carranglan Carranglan, officially the Municipality of Carranglan (; ), is a municipality in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 42,420 people. The municipality is home to the Pantabangan–Carran ...
. It then descends to the
plain In geography, a plain, commonly known as flatland, is a flat expanse of land that generally does not change much in elevation, and is primarily treeless. Plains occur as lowlands along valleys or at the base of mountains, as coastal plains, and ...
terrain in San Jose as it approaches the ''poblacion''. It then cuts through
Muñoz Muñoz ( or ) is a Spanish-language surname—with a Portuguese-language variant ( Munhoz), from Basque "muinoa" ("hill"). The surname was expanded during the Reconquista with massive settlements done by citizens from Navarre and Álava in New Cast ...
and Talavera before turning east by its junction with N114 (Nueva Ecija–Pangasinan Road) in
Santo Domingo Santo Domingo, formerly known as Santo Domingo de Guzmán, is the capital and largest city of the Dominican Republic and the List of metropolitan areas in the Caribbean, largest metropolitan area in the Caribbean by population. the Distrito Na ...
. It then cuts through Talavera (once again, this time with the ''poblacion''),
Cabanatuan Cabanatuan, officially the City of Cabanatuan (; ; kapampangan language, Kapampangan: ''Lakanbalen/Ciudad ning Cabanatuan''), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Acco ...
,
Santa Rosa Santa Rosa is the Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish name for Saint Rose. Santa Rosa may also refer to: Places Argentina *Santa Rosa, Mendoza, a city * Santa Rosa, Tinogasta, Catamarca * Santa Rosa, Valle Viejo, Catamarca *Santa Rosa, La Pampa * S ...
, San Leonardo and
Gapan Gapan , officially the City of Gapan (, Ilocano: ''Siudad ti Gapan'', Kapampangan: ''Ciudad/Lakanbalen ning Gapan''), is a component city in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 1 ...
. File:01064jfCabanatuan City Welcome Talavera Nueva Ecija Highwayfvf 15.JPG, N1 at the
Cabanatuan Cabanatuan, officially the City of Cabanatuan (; ; kapampangan language, Kapampangan: ''Lakanbalen/Ciudad ning Cabanatuan''), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Acco ...
Talavera boundary File:0395jfMaharlika Highway Cagayan Valley San Leonardo Rosa Ecijafvf 28.JPG, N1 in San Leonardo File:313Sitio Baluarte, San Roque, Gapan City 01.jpg, N1 in
Gapan Gapan , officially the City of Gapan (, Ilocano: ''Siudad ti Gapan'', Kapampangan: ''Ciudad/Lakanbalen ning Gapan''), is a component city in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 1 ...


Bulacan


=San Rafael to Guiguinto

= The highway soon enters
Bulacan Bulacan, officially the Province of Bulacan (; ; ; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon Regions of the Philippines, region. Its capital is the city of Malolos. Bulacan was established on ...
at
San Miguel San Miguel, Spanish for Saint Michael, may refer to: Places Argentina *San Miguel Partido *San Miguel, Buenos Aires * San Miguel, Catamarca * San Miguel, Corrientes * San Miguel, La Rioja *San Miguel Arcángel, a Volga German colony in Adolfo Al ...
, where it begins on a straight route. It then enters the ''poblacion'' of San Miguel, which it bypasses, and the highway begins to curve through most of its length between
San Ildefonso San Ildefonso (), La Granja (), or La Granja de San Ildefonso, is a town and municipality in the Province of Segovia, in the Castile and León autonomous region of central Spain. It is located in the foothills of the Sierra de Guadarrama moun ...
and San Rafael, where the route runs through rice paddies. Plaridel Bypass Road intersects with Doña Remedios Trinidad Highway just before approaching the ''poblacion'' of San Rafael. At its intersection with San Rafael Municipal Road, the highway curves to the southwest to follow Doña Remedios Trinidad Highway (DRT Highway) until the intersection of the old Cagayan Valley Road and Esguerra Street in
Pulilan Pulilan, officially the Municipality of Pulilan (, Kapampangan: ''Balen ning Pulilan''), is a municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 108,836 people. The town is famous for it ...
. DRT Highway serves as a bypass of the old Cagayan Valley Road through
Baliwag Baliwag, officially the City of Baliwag (; , Kapampangan: ''Lakanbalen ning Baliwag/Siudad ning Baliwag,'' also spelled as ''Baliuag''), is a component city in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a popul ...
''poblacion''. At Guiguinto, it crosses the
North Luzon Expressway The North Luzon Expressway (NLEX), signed as E1 of the Philippine expressway network, partially as N160 of the Philippine highway network, and partially as R-8 of the Metro Manila arterial road network, is a controlled-access highway that ...
(NLEX) along with the Santa Rita Interchange, where Asian Highway 26 leaves for the expressway. It soon crosses the original route of NLEX at Tabang Interchange. San Miguel Gapan Highway 04.jpg, N1 in
San Miguel San Miguel, Spanish for Saint Michael, may refer to: Places Argentina *San Miguel Partido *San Miguel, Buenos Aires * San Miguel, Catamarca * San Miguel, Corrientes * San Miguel, La Rioja *San Miguel Arcángel, a Volga German colony in Adolfo Al ...
File:AH26 Baliwag near SM Baliwag1 20220806jwilz.jpg, N1 as ''Doña Remedios Trinidad Highway'' in
Baliwag Baliwag, officially the City of Baliwag (; , Kapampangan: ''Lakanbalen ning Baliwag/Siudad ning Baliwag,'' also spelled as ''Baliuag''), is a component city in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a popul ...
AH26 Plaridel Banga I 20200131jwilz.jpg, N1 as ''Doña Remedios Trinidad Highway'' in Plaridel


=Guiguinto to Meycauayan

= Past Tabang Interchange, N1 begins to follow Manila North Road once again, this time as
MacArthur Highway The MacArthur Highway, officially the Manila North Road (MNR or MaNor), is a , two-to-six lane, national primary highway and tertiary highway in Luzon, Philippines, connecting Caloocan in Metro Manila to Aparri in Cagayan at the north. It is t ...
, which serves as a major toll-free highway over southern Bulacan. It soon crosses the
Philippine National Railways The Philippine National Railways (PNR) (; ) is a government-owned and controlled corporation, state-owned railway company in the Philippines which operates one commuter rail service between Laguna (province), Laguna and Quezon, and local servic ...
right of way and enters
Balagtas Francisco Balagtas y de la Cruz (April 2, 1788 – February 20, 1862), commonly known as Francisco Balagtas and also as Francisco Baltazar, was a Filipino poet and litterateur of the Tagalog language during the Spanish rule of the Philippines ...
, where it directly passes through its ''poblacion''. It soon crosses the Bigaa River, where it passes through residential and industrial areas, and curves upon entering
Bocaue Bocaue , officially the Municipality of Bocaue (), is a municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 141,412 people. Among its tourist attractions are a town museum located near th ...
, where it bypasses the town center. A flyover restricted for use by light vehicles crosses Fortunato Halili Avenue to Santa Maria with service roads serving as frontage and heavy vehicle routes. The highway then curves and traverses through the residential barangays of Bocaue and soon enters
Marilao Marilao (), officially the Municipality of Marilao (), is a municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 254,453 people. Marilao is derived from the Tagalog word "marilaw", which tr ...
and
Meycauayan Meycauayan , officially the City of Meycauayan (), is a 1st class component city in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 225,673 people. The place got its name from the Tagalog words ''m ...
.


Metro Manila


Valenzuela to Pasay

Entering Metro Manila, the highway follows MacArthur Highway over
Valenzuela Valenzuela may refer to: Places * Valenzuela, Paraguay * Valenzuela, Metro Manila, Philippines * Valenzuela, Spain * Valenzuela de Calatrava, Spain * Valenzuela, Louisiana Other uses * Valenzuela (surname), including a list of people with the ...
, which runs on a four to six-lane highway up to the
Bonifacio Monument The Andrés Bonifacio Monument, commonly known simply as Bonifacio Monument or Monumento, is a memorial monument in Caloocan, Philippines, which was designed by National Artist Guillermo Tolentino to commemorate the Philippine revolutionary ...
(Monumento) Circle in
Caloocan Caloocan, officially the City of Caloocan (; ), is a highly urbanized city in Metro Manila, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 1,661,584 people making it the fourth-most populous city in the Philippines. Caloo ...
. There, the Asian Highway 26 concurrency returns on N1 as it turns east to follow Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) up to
Pasay Pasay, officially the City of Pasay (; ), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city in the Metro Manila, National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 Philippine census, 2020 census, it has a ...
. The whole road, bypassing the capital city of
Manila Manila, officially the City of Manila, is the Capital of the Philippines, capital and second-most populous city of the Philippines after Quezon City, with a population of 1,846,513 people in 2020. Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on ...
, is notorious for congestion which causes delays as well as economic losses in the metropolis. EDSA runs through the central business districts of Metro Manila, most notably
Araneta Center Araneta City (stylized in all lowercase), formerly and still commonly known as Araneta Center, is a Transit-oriented development, transit oriented, commercial Mixed-use development, mixed-use urban development in Quezon City, Philippines. Situ ...
,
Ortigas Center Ortigas Center (also known as the Ortigas Central Business District or Ortigas CBD) is a central business district located within the joint boundaries of Pasig, Mandaluyong and Quezon City, within Metro Manila in the Philippines. With an area o ...
, and
Makati Central Business District The Makati Central Business District (Makati CBD) is a privately-owned financial and central business district in the Philippines located in the heart of Makati in Metro Manila. It is politically and administratively known as "Central Cluster ...
. The
LRT Line 1 The Light Rail Transit Line 1, commonly referred to as LRT Line 1 or LRT-1, is a state-owned (through Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA)) but privately operated (by Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC)) light rapid transit system line in Metr ...
and MRT Line 3 utilizes the center island of EDSA on most segments between Caloocan and Pasay. N1 ends below the EDSA Flyover at N120/AH26/N61 (
Roxas Boulevard Roxas Boulevard is a popular waterfront promenade in Metro Manila in the Philippines. The boulevard, which runs along the shores of Manila Bay, is well known for its sunsets and stretch of coconut trees. The divided roadway has become a tradem ...
) in Pasay. A gap in the highway is filled by the
South Luzon Expressway The South Luzon Expressway (SLEX), signed as E2 of the Philippine expressway network and R-3 of the Metro Manila arterial road network, is a controlled-access highway that connects Metro Manila to the provinces in the Calabarzon, Mimaropa a ...
and
Skyway A skyway, skybridge, skywalk, or sky walkway is an elevated type of pedway connecting two or more buildings in an urban area, or connecting elevated points within mountainous recreational zones. Urban skyways very often take the form of Cover ...
between
Makati Makati ( ; ), officially the City of Makati (), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines, known for being one of the leading financial centers in the country. As of 2013, the city has the highest concent ...
and
Muntinlupa Muntinlupa (), officially the City of Muntinlupa (), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city in the Metro Manila, National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population o ...
. It would have been filled by
Taft Avenue Taft Avenue (; ) is a major road in southern Metro Manila. It passes through three cities in the metropolis: Manila, Pasay, and Parañaque. The road was named after the former Governor-General of the Philippines and President of the United Stat ...
Extension, starting from EDSA, going southwards via
Quirino Quirino, officially the Province of Quirino (; ), is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Cabarroguis while Diffun is the most populous in the province. It is named after Elpi ...
and Diego Cera Avenues and ends at Manila South Road below Alabang Viaduct through Alabang–Zapote Road.


Muntinlupa

N1 resumes below the Alabang Viaduct of
South Luzon Expressway The South Luzon Expressway (SLEX), signed as E2 of the Philippine expressway network and R-3 of the Metro Manila arterial road network, is a controlled-access highway that connects Metro Manila to the provinces in the Calabarzon, Mimaropa a ...
(SLEX/E2/ AH26) in
Alabang Alabang () is a barangay in Muntinlupa, Philippines. At one time, the area was a farming district and has since grown from a village to a major commercial center, including Filinvest City, Madrigal Business Park, and a transportation hub. It ...
,
Muntinlupa Muntinlupa (), officially the City of Muntinlupa (), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city in the Metro Manila, National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population o ...
, where it intersects with SLEX's Alabang Exit, East Service Road, N411 (
Alabang–Zapote Road Alabang–Zapote Road is a four-lane national road which travels east–west through the southern limits of Metro Manila, Philippines. It runs parallel to Dr. Santos Avenue in the north and is named after the two barangays it links: Alabang, Mu ...
), and N142 (Montillano Street). The highway assumes the name Maharlika Highway, Manila South Road, or locally, National Road. It runs as a commercial artery through the city up to the boundary with Laguna in San Pedro over the Tunasan River. However, this section does not assume the Asian Highway 26 concurrency, which is designated instead to South Luzon Expressway.


Calabarzon


San Pedro to Calamba

N1 generally serves as a four-lane toll-free highway serving the suburban cities of northwestern Laguna alongside the tolled
South Luzon Expressway The South Luzon Expressway (SLEX), signed as E2 of the Philippine expressway network and R-3 of the Metro Manila arterial road network, is a controlled-access highway that connects Metro Manila to the provinces in the Calabarzon, Mimaropa a ...
. Most sections of N1 between San Pedro and Calamba serve as commercial streets bypassing the old ''poblacion''s. Most of N1 is four-lane with a painted median divider. It enters Laguna in San Pedro, where it serves as a major commercial street, with a maximum of four lanes. It then enters the cities of
Biñan Biñan (), officially the City of Biñan (), is a component city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 407,437, making it the third largest in population in the province of Laguna, after ...
,
Santa Rosa Santa Rosa is the Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish name for Saint Rose. Santa Rosa may also refer to: Places Argentina *Santa Rosa, Mendoza, a city * Santa Rosa, Tinogasta, Catamarca * Santa Rosa, Valle Viejo, Catamarca *Santa Rosa, La Pampa * S ...
,
Cabuyao Cabuyao (), officially the City of Cabuyao (), is a component city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 355,330 people. It used to be known as the "richest municipality in the Philipp ...
, and Calamba, where it turns southwest past its intersection with N66 (
Calamba–Pagsanjan Road The Calamba–Pagsanjan Road, officially known as Calamba–Sta. Cruz–Famy Junction Road, Manila South Road, and National Highway, is a two-to-four lane primary highway located in the province of Laguna in the Philippines. The entire road ...
) at the Calamba Crossing. In barangay
Real Real may refer to: Currencies * Argentine real * Brazilian real (R$) * Central American Republic real * Mexican real * Portuguese real * Spanish real * Spanish colonial real Nature and science * Reality, the state of things as they exist, rathe ...
, the highway is alternatively known as Real Road.


Calamba to Tayabas

N1 soon crosses the South Luzon Expressway at the Calamba Exit, where the concurrency with the Asian Highway 26 returns on the highway, and passes through several western barangays in Calamba. It then enters the province of
Batangas Batangas, officially the Province of Batangas ( ), is a first class province of the Philippines located in the southwestern part of Luzon in the Calabarzon region. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 2,908,494 people, making ...
in Santo Tomas, where it intersects with STAR Tollway and bypasses the ''poblacion''. At the roundabout intersection with N4 ( Jose P. Laurel Highway) and Governor Carpio Avenue, it turns southeast as it leaves the province. It then re-enters the province of Laguna through Alaminos and then San Pablo, bypassing its ''poblacion''. It then enters the province of
Quezon Quezon, officially the Province of Quezon () and historically known as Tayabas, is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon Regions of the Philippines, region on Luzon. Lucena, a highly urbanized ci ...
at
Tiaong Tiaong (), officially the Municipality of Tiaong (), is a municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 106,265 people. Tiaong is from Lucena and from Manila. Its name is derived from ...
, passing by the Villa Escudero plantations and going through the ''poblacion'', followed by the municipalities of Candelaria and Sariaya and the city of
Tayabas Tayabas, officially the City of Tayabas (), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city in the Provinces of the Philippines, province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 112,65 ...
, where it turns southeast towards
Lucena Lucena (, American Spanish: , European Spanish: ), officially known as the City of Lucena (), is a highly urbanized city situated in the Calabarzon region (Region IV-A) of the Philippines. The city is the largest urban center and capital of ...
at the Calumpang Junction.


Tayabas to Pagbilao

From Tayabas through Lucena, N1 then follows the entire Lucena Diversion Road (also known as MSR Diversion Road), a wide road which bypasses the Old Manila South Road alignment through Lucena ''poblacion'' up to the road's eastern end in Pagbilao.


Pagbilao to Calauag

In Pagbilao ''poblacion'', N1 briefly splits into Recto Street for westbound and J.P. Rizal Street. It then becomes alternatively known as New Diversion Road, the longer road bypassing the Old Zigzag Road alignment through the protected
Quezon National Forest Park The Quezon Protected Landscape is a protected area in the Republic of the Philippines, spanning the municipalities of Pagbilao, Padre Burgos and Atimonan in Quezon province. The park is situated north of the narrowest section of Luzon in Quezo ...
in the Sierra Madre mountain range. It enters
Atimonan Atimonan, officially the Municipality of Atimonan (), is a municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 64,260 people. Etymology There are three plausible origins of the name of t ...
, where it then reaches the eastern coast of Quezon, and traverses the coastal municipalities of Plaridel,
Gumaca Gumaca, officially the Municipality of Gumaca (), is a municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 71,942 people. History Formerly known as Bumaka (meaning "the one who fought"), t ...
, Lopez, and
Calauag Calauag, officially the Municipality of Calauag (; ), is a municipality in the province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 71,809 people. History According to the writings of Valentin Martin in his " ...
.


Bicol Region


Santa Elena to Sipocot

N1 enters Camarines Norte at the municipality of Santa Elena, meeting the N68 (
Andaya Highway Rolando Andaya Highway, officially known as Quirino Highway and also known as Camarines Sur–Quezon Road, is a national primary highway located in the provinces of Camarines Norte, Quezon, and Camarines Sur in the Philippines. It serves as an al ...
) that serves as a southern bypass of N1 which traverses the sparsely populated province of Camarines Norte. After traveling through kilometers of jungle, N1 enters the ''poblacion'' of
Labo, Camarines Norte Labo, officially the Municipality of Labo (), is a municipality in the province of Camarines Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 109,245 people. Geography The town of Labo is geographically located relative ...
, where it follows local streets. It then becomes a rural highway again, passing by the municipalities of Vinzons and Talisay before bypassing
Daet Daet (), officially the Municipality of Daet (; ), is a municipality and capital of the province of Camarines Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 111,700 people making it the most populous in the province ...
. It passes through
Bicol Natural Park The Bicol Natural Park is a List of protected areas of the Philippines, protected area of the Philippines located in the Bicol Region of southern Luzon. It straddles the mountainous border between the provinces of Camarines Norte and Camarines S ...
where the road winds through mountainous and hilly terrain. N1 enters
Camarines Sur Camarines Sur (; ), officially the Province of Camarines Sur (Central Bikol language, Bikol: ''Probinsya kan Habagatan na Camarines''; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region on Luzon. Its ca ...
at the municipality of
Sipocot Sipocot, officially the Municipality of Sipocot (; ), is a municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 68,169 people. Sipocot is from Pili and from Manila. History In t ...
, where it meets again N68 at its eastern end.


Sipocot to Matnog

From Sipocot, N1 traverses the municipalities of
Libmanan Libmanan, officially the Municipality of Libmanan (; ), is a municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 112,994 people. The municipality's history dates back to before the ...
,
Pamplona Pamplona (; ), historically also known as Pampeluna in English, is the capital city of the Navarre, Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain. Lying at near above sea level, the city (and the wider Cuenca de Pamplona) is located on the flood pl ...
,
San Fernando San Fernando may refer to: People *Ferdinand III of Castile (c. 1200–1252), called ''San Fernando'' (Spanish) or ''Saint Ferdinand'', King of Castile, León, and Galicia Places Argentina *San Fernando de la Buena Vista, city of Greater Buenos ...
, and
Milaor Milaor, officially the Municipality of Milaor (; ), is a municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 33,963 people. Milaor is part of the Metro Naga Urban Area. It is from P ...
(where it is alternatively known as Mabolo Road) in
Camarines Sur Camarines Sur (; ), officially the Province of Camarines Sur (Central Bikol language, Bikol: ''Probinsya kan Habagatan na Camarines''; ), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region on Luzon. Its ca ...
before entering the City of Naga. N1 enters Naga, bypassing its ''poblacion'' as Roxas Avenue or Diversion Road before turning east at the Naga Rotonda to follow Maharlika Highway to enter Pili, the provincial capital. It then traverses the municipalities of Bula,
Baao Baao, officially the Municipality of Baao (Rinconada Bikol: ''Banwāan ka Baao''; Tagalog: ''Bayan ng Baao)'' is municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 61,493 people. G ...
, Nabua, and Bato. N1 enters the province of
Albay Albay (IPA: ), officially the Province of Albay (; ; Baybayin, ᜎᜎᜏᜒᜄᜈ᜔ ᜈᜅ᜔ ᜀᜎ᜔ᜊᜌ᜔), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Bicol Region of the Philippines, mostly on the southeastern part of the isla ...
at
Polangui Polangui, officially the Municipality of Polangui (; ), is a municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of people. Etymology The origin of the name ''Polangui'' has many versio ...
and traverses south of the
Mayon Volcano Mayon (; , ), also known as Mount Mayon and Mayon Volcano is an active stratovolcano in the province of Albay in Bicol, Philippines. A popular tourist spot, it is renowned for its "perfect cone" because of its symmetric conical shape, and i ...
. At
Daraga Daraga ( ɐrɐ'gaofficially the Municipality of Daraga ; ), is a municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 133,893. The municipality is home to the famous Cagsawa Ruins. Hist ...
''poblacion'', N1 turns sharply to the west as it intersects with N630 (Rizal Avenue), which provides access to
Legazpi City Legazpi (, American Spanish: , European Spanish: ), officially the City of Legazpi (; ), is a Component City, component city and capital of the Provinces of the Philippines, province of Albay, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a ...
, and becomes a zigzag road as it leaves the province. N1 enters the province of
Sorsogon Sorsogon, officially the Province of Sorsogon ( Bikol: ''Probinsya kan Sorsogon''; Waray: ''Probinsya han Sorsogon''; ), is a province in the Philippines located in the Bicol Region. It is the southernmost province in the island of Luzon and ...
at Pilar. It then enters
Sorsogon City Sorsogon City, officially the City of Sorsogon (Southern Sorsogon language, Waray Sorsogon: ''Syudad san Sorsogon''; ; ), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city and capital of the Provinces of the Philippines, pro ...
, where it cuts through the ''poblacion'' as Rizal Avenue and Magsaysay Avenue, respectively. It turns east and traverses the municipalities of Casiguran, Juban,
Irosin Irosin, officially the Municipality of Irosin (; , ), is a municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. History Irosin frequently experienced erosion due to river inundations. On December 24, 1933, massive flooding caused numerous fat ...
, and
Matnog Matnog, officially the Municipality of Matnog ( Waray Sorsogon: ''Bungto san Matnog''; , ), is a municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines and is the southernmost part of Luzon. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 41 ...
, where the Luzon section of N1 ends at the Port of Matnog. Motorists can board a ferry to either
Allen Allen, Allen's or Allens may refer to: Buildings * Allen Arena, an indoor arena at Lipscomb University in Nashville, Tennessee * Allen Center, a skyscraper complex in downtown Houston, Texas * Allen Fieldhouse, an indoor sports arena on the Univ ...
or San Isidro in
Northern Samar Northern Samar (; ), officially the Province of Northern Samar, is a province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is Catarman, the most populous town in the province and is located at the northern portion of ...
at the port.


Eastern Visayas

The Visayas section of N1 begins at the intersection with N670 (Allen–Catarman Road / Allen Diversion Road) and Allen Old Road in
Allen Allen, Allen's or Allens may refer to: Buildings * Allen Arena, an indoor arena at Lipscomb University in Nashville, Tennessee * Allen Center, a skyscraper complex in downtown Houston, Texas * Allen Fieldhouse, an indoor sports arena on the Univ ...
,
Northern Samar Northern Samar (; ), officially the Province of Northern Samar, is a province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is Catarman, the most populous town in the province and is located at the northern portion of ...
, just south of the Port of Allen. It runs along the western coast of
Northern Samar Northern Samar (; ), officially the Province of Northern Samar, is a province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is Catarman, the most populous town in the province and is located at the northern portion of ...
and
Samar Samar ( ) is the third-largest and seventh-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total population of 1,909,537 as of the 2020 census. It is located in the eastern Visayas, which are in the central Philippines. The island is divided in ...
, notably through the cities of
Catbalogan Catbalogan, officially the City of Catbalogan (; ), is a component city and capital city of the province of Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 106,440 people. It is Samar's main commercial, trading, educa ...
and
Calbayog Calbayog, officially the City of Calbayog (; ), is a component city in the province of Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 186,960 people. It lies along the coastal region of the province stretching about ...
. In the ''poblacion'' of
Santa Margarita, Samar Santa Margarita, officially the Municipality of Santa Margarita (; ), is a municipality in the province of Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 26,816 people. Formerly known as Magsohong, it is bounded to the ...
, it briefly becomes a one-way southbound road as northbound traffic is diverted to the old route along Ramon Calagos and Yangzon (Barrantes) Streets. Further south in Calbayog, it traverses through the ''poblacion'' along local streets such as Del Rosario Street (where it briefly splits at the junction with Mabini Avenue, in front of Saint Mary's College of Catbalogan), Curry Avenue, San Roque Street, and Rizal Avenue Extension. It then leaves the island of
Samar Samar ( ) is the third-largest and seventh-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total population of 1,909,537 as of the 2020 census. It is located in the eastern Visayas, which are in the central Philippines. The island is divided in ...
and crosses the
San Bernardino Strait The San Bernardino Strait () is a strait in the Philippines, connecting the Samar Sea with the Philippine Sea. It separates the Bicol Peninsula of Luzon from Samar (island), Samar of Visayas. History During an ill-fated expedition, only one ship ...
through the
San Juanico Bridge The San Juanico Bridge (; ) is part of the Pan-Philippine Highway and stretches from Samar to Leyte across the San Juanico Strait in the Philippines. It is located by the municipality of Santa Rita, Samar, and The City of Tacloban, Leyte. ...
. It enters the province of
Leyte Leyte ( ) is an island in the Visayas group of islands in the Philippines. It is eighth-largest and sixth-most populous island in the Philippines, with a total population of 2,626,970 as of 2020 census. Since the accessibility of land has been ...
at
Tacloban Tacloban ( ; ), officially the City of Tacloban (; ), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city on Leyte island in the Eastern Visayas region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, Tacloban has a popu ...
, where it bypasses the ''poblacion''. It then enters
Palo Palo may refer to: Places * Palo, Estonia, village in Meremäe Parish, Võru County, Estonia * Palo, Huesca, municipality in the province of Huesca, Spain * Palo, Iowa, United States, a town located within Linn County * Palo Laziale, a location ...
and turns southwest at the intersection with N686, where a monument to an unknown soldier is located, towards the ''poblacion''. At its intersection with N70/AH26 (Palo–Santa Fe Road / San Salvador Street) at the vicinity of the Palo Cathedral, it then turns southeast to the towns at the eastern coast of Leyte. At
Abuyog Abuyog (IPA: ɐ'bujog, officially the Municipality of Abuyog, (; ; ), is a municipality in the province of Leyte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 61,216 people. Facing Leyte Gulf out into the Philippine S ...
, it climbs the mountain range and enters Mahaplag, where it meets N70 (Tacloban–Baybay Road). It enters
Southern Leyte Southern Leyte (; Kabalian: ''Habagatan nga Leyte''; ; ), officially the Province of Southern Leyte, is a province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital and largest city is Maasin. Southern Leyte comprised the ...
at Sogod, where Agas-Agas Bridge is located, and enters the coastal towns of Libagon and
Liloan Liloan, officially the Municipality of Liloan (; ), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 153,197 people. Making it t ...
. In Liloan, N1 enters Panaon Island through the Wawa Bridge, and there, its Visayas section ends at its intersection with N691 and the road serving the Port of Liloan, where motorists can board a ferry to
Surigao City Surigao City, officially the City of Surigao ( Surigaonon: ''Siyudad nan Surigao''; ; ), is a component city and capital of the province of Surigao del Norte, Philippines. It is the most populous in the province with a population of 171,107 peop ...
.


Caraga

The Mindanao section of N1 starts at the Port of Lipata in
Surigao City Surigao City, officially the City of Surigao ( Surigaonon: ''Siyudad nan Surigao''; ; ), is a component city and capital of the province of Surigao del Norte, Philippines. It is the most populous in the province with a population of 171,107 peop ...
. It enters Agusan del Norte and takes up the section Surigao-Butuan National Highway from Kitcharao to Ampayon, Butuan, where it turns southeast at its intersection with Butuan–Cagayan de Oro–Iligan Road (N9) to assume the name Davao-Agusan National Highway from thereon. It then enters Agusan del Sur, where it traverses near the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary.


Davao Region

N1 enters Davao de Oro (formerly Compostela Valley) at Monkayo and goes through mountainous terrain as it heads south towards Tagum in Davao del Norte. At the boundary of Tagum and Carmen, Davao del Norte, the highway briefly splits into two as it crosses the Libuganon River. It enters Panabo and Davao City, where it is also known as Davao City-Panabo City Road and turns west at its intersection with N916 highway (Philippines), N916 (R. Castillo Street) in Lanang as J.P. Laurel Avenue. It then runs through the city center of Davao, turns south, and becomes C.M. Recto Avenue, a one-way street carrying northbound traffic, past its intersection with N919 (Ramon Magsaysay Avenue). At the Bonifacio Rotunda, it turns northwest to Davao-Cotabato Road as A. Pichon Street (one-way carrying southeast-bound traffic), then southwest to Elpidio Quirino Avenue and becomes McArthur Highway at General Generoso Bridge I over Davao River, all through Davao City proper. It then enters Santa Cruz, Davao del Sur, Santa Cruz, Davao del Sur as it traverses its eastern coast. It enters Digos, where it turns west at its intersection with N923 (Digos Diversion Road) and then south at its intersection with Davao-Cotabato Road, N75 to assume the name Digos-Makar Road, which is locally known as Rizal Avenue at the city's ''poblacion'', as it traverses the mountainous terrains up to General Santos.


Soccsksargen

N1 enters Sarangani at Malungon, where it runs parallel to Malungon River from there. At General Santos, it is locally known as Jose Catolico Sr. Avenue until turning west to pass by the ''poblacion''. It turns north at its intersection with N935 (Hadano Avenue) at Hadano Park to assume the name Marbel-Makar Road, alternately known up to Polomolok as General Santos - Polomolok National Road, GenSan - Polomolok National Road, or Polomolok National Highway. At Koronadal ''poblacion'', the highway turns southwest at Marbel Roundball, a roundabout intersection with N940 (Midsayap–Marbel Road) and Koronadal–Lutayan–Columbio Road, and assumes the name Cotabato-Marbel Road up to Isulan. The highway veers northwest at Surallah and enters Sultan Kudarat at Isulan, where it becomes Marbel-Allah Valley-Cotabato Road.


Bangsamoro Autonomous Region


Ampatuan to Cotabato City

N1 enters Bangsamoro Region at Ampatuan, Maguindanao del Sur, Ampatuan, Maguindanao del Sur, as it crosses a river as Kakal Bridge. It then enters Maguindanao del Norte at Talitay (Sultan Sumagka). It retains the name Marbel-Allah Valley-Cotabato Road up to Cotabato City. It enters the Cotabato City proper, where it assumes the local name Sinsuat Avenue.


Cotabato City to Picong

At the junction of Sinsuat, Quezon, and Don Teodoro V. Juliano Avenues, N1 turns east to assume the name Cotabato–Lanao Road up to Matanog, Maguindanao del Norte; its section from the junction to Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao del Norte is also known as Quezon Avenue. Near barangay Crossing Simuay, Sultan Kudarat, it takes the longer, circumferential path as it meets the western terminus of N75 (Davao–Cotabato Road). From Sultan Mastura to Parang, Maguindanao del Norte, Parang, it follows the diversion road that bypasses the ''poblacion'' of these towns. Entering Lanao del Sur at Sultan Dumalondong, N1 becomes Cotabato–Malabang–Lanao del Norte Road as it would also traverse Malabang. In Balabagan, it assumes the alternate name Rizal Avenue as it approaches near the coast of Lanao del Sur with Celebes Sea up to Picong, Lanao del Sur, Picong, the last municipality traversed by N1 before leaving Bangsamoro. N1's section from Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao del Norte, to Balabagan, Lanao del Sur, is also known as Narciso Ramos Highway.


Northern Mindanao

N1 enters Lanao del Norte at Sultan Naga Dimaporo, the only municipality it passes through in Northern Mindanao. It traverses along the southern coast of the province. Within the region and province, it is alternatively known as Malabang–Dobleston–Tukuran Road as it traverses Barangay Dabliston.


Zamboanga Peninsula

N1 enters Zamboanga del Sur at Tukuran, where it becomes alternatively known as Tucuran Junction–Karomatan Junction Road or Malabang–Tukuran Road as it approaches the ''poblacion'', where it veers away from the province's coast along Pagadian Bay at the Tukuran ''poblacion'', where it is locally known as Rizal Avenue. At the Tukuran Junction, it turns west and becomes Lanao-Pagadian-Zamboanga City Road and Pagadian City-Zamboanga City Road from thereon. It climbs the mountainous terrain and turns west at its intersection with N9 (Butuan–Cagayan de Oro–Iligan Road) to become alternatively known as National Highway. It then cuts through Pagadian, where it is a principal route locally known as J.P. Rizal Avenue through the ''poblacion''. It enters Zamboanga Sibugay, passing through the mountainous terrain and municipalities on the province's southern coast. N1 enters
Zamboanga City Zamboanga City, officially the City of Zamboanga (; ; Subanen languages, Subanen: ''Bagbenwa Sembwangan''; Sama–Bajaw languages, Sama: ''Lungsud Samboangan''; ; ; ) is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city i ...
as Maria Clara L. Lobregat Highway. It then enters the city proper, where it turns south as Veterans Avenue at the Sta. Cruz Junction, then southwest as Governor Lim Avenue, which carries one-way northeast-bound traffic, and finally southwest as Don Pablo Lorenzo Street. It ends at the intersection with N970 (N.S. Valderosa Street), N966 (Zamboanga City-Labuan-Limpapa Road/J.S. Alano Street/Calle Guardia Nacional), and N971 (Wharf Road/Don Pablo Lorenzo Street), its physical continuation towards the Port of Zamboanga. This junction is situated near the Zamboanga City Hall and the main campus of Universidad de Zamboanga.


History

The direct predecessors of N1 were Highway 3 (later Manila North Road) from
Laoag Laoag (), officially the City of Laoag (; ), is a component city and capital of the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 111,651 people. It is the province's most populous settlement, ...
to
Aparri Aparri (ibanag language, Ibanag: ''Ili nat Aparri''; ; ), officially the Municipality of Aparri, is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of , Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a ...
and from
Pulilan Pulilan, officially the Municipality of Pulilan (, Kapampangan: ''Balen ning Pulilan''), is a municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 108,836 people. The town is famous for it ...
to
Caloocan Caloocan, officially the City of Caloocan (; ), is a highly urbanized city in Metro Manila, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 1,661,584 people making it the fourth-most populous city in the Philippines. Caloo ...
, majority of Cagayan Valley Road (Highway 5) from
Lal-lo Lal-lo, officially the Municipality of Lal-Lo (; ; ), is a municipality in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 48,733 people. During the Spanish colonial period, Lal-lo was known as Munici ...
to Pulilan, EDSA, Highway 54 then in the province of Rizal (province), Rizal, majority of Manila South Road (Highway 1) from
Muntinlupa Muntinlupa (), officially the City of Muntinlupa (), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city in the Metro Manila, National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population o ...
to
Matnog Matnog, officially the Municipality of Matnog ( Waray Sorsogon: ''Bungto san Matnog''; , ), is a municipality in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines and is the southernmost part of Luzon. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 41 ...
, Samar-Leyte Road (Highway 1) from
Calbayog Calbayog, officially the City of Calbayog (; ), is a component city in the province of Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 186,960 people. It lies along the coastal region of the province stretching about ...
to Santa Rita, Samar, Santa Rita, Leyte-Samar Road (Highway 1) from Tacloban to Mahaplag and from Sogod, Southern Leyte to
Liloan Liloan, officially the Municipality of Liloan (; ), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 153,197 people. Making it t ...
, Agusan-Davao Road, Davao-Cotabato Road (Highway 1) from Davao City, Davao to Digos, Lanao-Cotabato Road (Highway 5) from General Santos, Dadiangas (present-day General Santos) to Mamasapano, Cotabato-Lanao Road (Highway 1) from Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao del Norte, Sultan Kudarat to Malabang, and Lanao-Zamboanga Road. More roads were later constructed and added to integrate with the present alignment of N1 and
Pan-Philippine Highway The Pan-Philippine Highway, also known as the Maharlika Highway (; ), is a network of roads, expressways, bridges, and ferry services that connect the islands of Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao in the Philippines, serving as the country's p ...
(also known as Maharlika Highway since 1979), which was conceived in 1965 as the country's principal transport backbone and later designated as Asian Highway 26 (AH26). In 2014, Department of Public Works and Highways assigned
MacArthur Highway The MacArthur Highway, officially the Manila North Road (MNR or MaNor), is a , two-to-six lane, national primary highway and tertiary highway in Luzon, Philippines, connecting Caloocan in Metro Manila to Aparri in Cagayan at the north. It is t ...
from Guiguinto to Caloocan, EDSA, Manila South Road from Muntinlupa to Calamba, and the segment of
Pan-Philippine Highway The Pan-Philippine Highway, also known as the Maharlika Highway (; ), is a network of roads, expressways, bridges, and ferry services that connect the islands of Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and Mindanao in the Philippines, serving as the country's p ...
from Laoag to Guiguinto and from Calamba to
Zamboanga City Zamboanga City, officially the City of Zamboanga (; ; Subanen languages, Subanen: ''Bagbenwa Sembwangan''; Sama–Bajaw languages, Sama: ''Lungsud Samboangan''; ; ; ) is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city i ...
as N1.


Junctions


Luzon


Laoag to Pasay

;Ilocos Norte * in
Laoag Laoag (), officially the City of Laoag (; ), is a component city and capital of the province of Ilocos Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 111,651 people. It is the province's most populous settlement, ...
. Northern terminus of Laoag–Pasay section. * in Bacarra, Ilocos Norte, Bacarra ;Cagayan * in Abulug, Cagayan, Abulug * in Abulug * at Magapit Interchange, Lal-lo, Cagayan, Lal-lo * in
Tuguegarao Tuguegarao ( or ), officially the City of Tuguegarao (; ; ; ), is a 2nd class Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city and capital of the Provinces of the Philippines, province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2020 ...
* in Tuguegarao * in Tuguegarao * in Tuguegarao ;Isabela * in Cabagan, Isabela, Cabagan * in Cauayan, Isabela, Cauayan * in Santiago, Isabela, Santiago * in Cordon, Isabela, Cordon ;Nueva Vizcaya * in Bagabag, Nueva Vizcaya, Bagabag * in Aritao ;Nueva Ecija * in San Jose * in
Santo Domingo Santo Domingo, formerly known as Santo Domingo de Guzmán, is the capital and largest city of the Dominican Republic and the List of metropolitan areas in the Caribbean, largest metropolitan area in the Caribbean by population. the Distrito Na ...
* in
Cabanatuan Cabanatuan, officially the City of Cabanatuan (; ; kapampangan language, Kapampangan: ''Lakanbalen/Ciudad ning Cabanatuan''), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Acco ...
* in
Santa Rosa Santa Rosa is the Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish name for Saint Rose. Santa Rosa may also refer to: Places Argentina *Santa Rosa, Mendoza, a city * Santa Rosa, Tinogasta, Catamarca * Santa Rosa, Valle Viejo, Catamarca *Santa Rosa, La Pampa * S ...
* in
Gapan Gapan , officially the City of Gapan (, Ilocano: ''Siudad ti Gapan'', Kapampangan: ''Ciudad/Lakanbalen ning Gapan''), is a component city in the province of Nueva Ecija, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 1 ...
;Bulacan * in San Rafael * in
Pulilan Pulilan, officially the Municipality of Pulilan (, Kapampangan: ''Balen ning Pulilan''), is a municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 108,836 people. The town is famous for it ...
* in Plaridel * in Santa Rita,
Guiguinto Guiguinto, officially the Municipality of Guiguinto (), is a municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 113,415 people. It is the birthplace of composer Constancio de Guzman, kn ...
. End of AH26 concurrency. * in Tabang,
Guiguinto Guiguinto, officially the Municipality of Guiguinto (), is a municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 113,415 people. It is the birthplace of composer Constancio de Guzman, kn ...
* in
Meycauayan Meycauayan , officially the City of Meycauayan (), is a 1st class component city in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 225,673 people. The place got its name from the Tagalog words ''m ...
;Metro Manila * in Malinta,
Valenzuela Valenzuela may refer to: Places * Valenzuela, Paraguay * Valenzuela, Metro Manila, Philippines * Valenzuela, Spain * Valenzuela de Calatrava, Spain * Valenzuela, Louisiana Other uses * Valenzuela (surname), including a list of people with the ...
* in Karuhatan, Valenzuela * in
Caloocan Caloocan, officially the City of Caloocan (; ), is a highly urbanized city in Metro Manila, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 1,661,584 people making it the fourth-most populous city in the Philippines. Caloo ...
. Start of AH26 concurrency. * in Balintawak Interchange, Balintawak, Quezon City * in Unang Sigaw, Quezon City * in Veterans Village, Muñoz, Quezon City * in Diliman, Quezon City * in Diliman, Quezon City * in Diliman, Quezon City * in Cubao, Quezon City * near Camp Aguinaldo, Quezon City * in Quezon City and Mandaluyong * in Mandaluyong * in
Makati Makati ( ; ), officially the City of Makati (), is a highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines, known for being one of the leading financial centers in the country. As of 2013, the city has the highest concent ...
* in Makati * in Makati * at Magallanes Interchange, Makati * in
Pasay Pasay, officially the City of Pasay (; ), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city in the Metro Manila, National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 Philippine census, 2020 census, it has a ...
* in Pasay * in Pasay. Southern terminus of Laoag–Pasay section.


Muntinlupa to Matnog

;Metro Manila * in
Alabang Alabang () is a barangay in Muntinlupa, Philippines. At one time, the area was a farming district and has since grown from a village to a major commercial center, including Filinvest City, Madrigal Business Park, and a transportation hub. It ...
, Muntinlupa. Northern terminus of Muntinlupa–Matnog section. * in Alabang, Muntinlupa * in Alabang, Muntinlupa ;Laguna (1st segment) * in
Biñan Biñan (), officially the City of Biñan (), is a component city in the province of Laguna, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 407,437, making it the third largest in population in the province of Laguna, after ...
* in
Santa Rosa Santa Rosa is the Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish name for Saint Rose. Santa Rosa may also refer to: Places Argentina *Santa Rosa, Mendoza, a city * Santa Rosa, Tinogasta, Catamarca * Santa Rosa, Valle Viejo, Catamarca *Santa Rosa, La Pampa * S ...
* in Calamba * in Calamba. Start of AH26 concurrency. ;Batangas * in Santo Tomas * in Santo Tomas ;Laguna (2nd segment) * in Alaminos (western & eastern termini) * in San Pablo (two southern termini) ;Quezon * in Tiaong, Quezon, Tiaong (northern terminus) * in Tiaong * in Tiaong (southern terminus) * in Candelaria (western & eastern termini) * in Sariaya * in Isabang,
Tayabas Tayabas, officially the City of Tayabas (), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city in the Provinces of the Philippines, province of Quezon, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 112,65 ...
* in Isabang,
Lucena Lucena (, American Spanish: , European Spanish: ), officially known as the City of Lucena (), is a highly urbanized city situated in the Calabarzon region (Region IV-A) of the Philippines. The city is the largest urban center and capital of ...
* in Gulang-Gulang, Lucena * in Talipan, Pagbilao * in Silangang Malicboy, Pagbilao * in Gumaca * in Lopez (southern terminus) * in Lopez * in Lopez (northern terminus) * in Lopez ;Camarines Norte * in Santa Elena * in Labo, Camarines Norte, Labo * in
Daet Daet (), officially the Municipality of Daet (; ), is a municipality and capital of the province of Camarines Norte, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 111,700 people making it the most populous in the province ...
(northern & southern termini) ;Camarines Sur * in Sipocot, Camarines Sur, Sipocot * in
Pamplona Pamplona (; ), historically also known as Pampeluna in English, is the capital city of the Navarre, Chartered Community of Navarre, in Spain. Lying at near above sea level, the city (and the wider Cuenca de Pamplona) is located on the flood pl ...
* in Pili * in Pili * in Pili * in
Baao Baao, officially the Municipality of Baao (Rinconada Bikol: ''Banwāan ka Baao''; Tagalog: ''Bayan ng Baao)'' is municipality in the province of Camarines Sur, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 61,493 people. G ...
* in Nabua * in Bato ;Albay * in Polangui (two northern termini) * in Ligao * in Ligao * in Daraga, Albay, Daraga ;Sorsogon * in Pilar * in Castilla, Sorsogon, Castilla * in
Sorsogon City Sorsogon City, officially the City of Sorsogon (Southern Sorsogon language, Waray Sorsogon: ''Syudad san Sorsogon''; ; ), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city and capital of the Provinces of the Philippines, pro ...
(western terminus) * in Sorsogon City * in Sorsogon City (eastern terminus) * in Bulan, Sorsogon, Bulan


Visayas

;Northern Samar * in Allen. Northern terminus of Visayas section. ;Samar * in
Calbayog Calbayog, officially the City of Calbayog (; ), is a component city in the province of Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 186,960 people. It lies along the coastal region of the province stretching about ...
* in Calbayog * in Gandara, Samar, Gandara (northern & southern termini) * in
Catbalogan Catbalogan, officially the City of Catbalogan (; ), is a component city and capital city of the province of Samar, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 106,440 people. It is Samar's main commercial, trading, educa ...
* in Paranas, Samar, Paranas * in Basey, Samar, Basey * in Santa Rita, Samar, Santa Rita ;Leyte * in
Tacloban Tacloban ( ; ), officially the City of Tacloban (; ), is a Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, highly urbanized city on Leyte island in the Eastern Visayas region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, Tacloban has a popu ...
* in Tacloban * in
Palo Palo may refer to: Places * Palo, Estonia, village in Meremäe Parish, Võru County, Estonia * Palo, Huesca, municipality in the province of Huesca, Spain * Palo, Iowa, United States, a town located within Linn County * Palo Laziale, a location ...
* in Palo (northern terminus) * in Abuyog, Leyte, Abuyog * in Mahaplag, Leyte, Mahaplag (southern terminus) ;Southern Leyte * in Sogod * in
Liloan Liloan, officially the Municipality of Liloan (; ), is a municipality of the Philippines, municipality in the Philippine Province, province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 153,197 people. Making it t ...
* in Liloan. Southern terminus of Visayas section.


Mindanao

;Surigao del Norte * in
Surigao City Surigao City, officially the City of Surigao ( Surigaonon: ''Siyudad nan Surigao''; ; ), is a component city and capital of the province of Surigao del Norte, Philippines. It is the most populous in the province with a population of 171,107 peop ...
* in Placer, Surigao del Norte, Placer ;Agusan del Norte * in Butuan ;Agusan del Sur * in Prosperidad * in Prosperidad * in San Francisco, Agusan del Sur, San Francisco * in Trento, Agusan del Sur, Trento ;Davao de Oro * in Montevista, Davao de Oro, Montevista * in Nabunturan ;Davao del Norte * in Tagum (northern terminus) * in Tagum * in Tagum (southern terminus) * in Carmen, Davao del Norte, Carmen * in Panabo ;Davao del Sur * in Panacan, Davao City (eastern terminus) * in Buhangin, Davao City * in Buhangin, Davao City * in Agdao, Davao City (eastern terminus) * in Agdao, Davao City * in Agdao & Buhangin, Davao City * in Poblacion, Davao City * in Poblacion, Davao City * in Poblacion, Davao City * in Talomo, Davao City * in Talomo, Davao City (western terminus) * in Talomo, Davao City (western terminus) * in Talomo, Davao City * in Bago Aplaya, Davao City * in Digos (northern terminus) * in Digos * in Digos * in Digos (southern terminus) * in Sulop, Davao del Sur, Sulop ;South Cotabato * in General Santos (eastern terminus) * in General Santos * in General Santos * in General Santos ;Sultan Kudarat * in Tacurong * in Surallah * in Isulan * in Esperanza, Sultan Kudarat, Esperanza ;Maguindanao del Sur * in Datu Saudi Ampatuan ;Maguindanao del Norte * in Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao del Norte, Sultan Kudarat * in Datu Odin Sinsuat * in Datu Odin Sinsuat * in Datu Mastura * in Parang, Maguindanao del Norte, Parang * in Parang ;Lanao del Sur * in Malabang, Lanao del Sur, Malabang ;Zamboanga del Sur * in Tukuran ;Zamboanga Sibugay * in Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay, Ipil ;Zamboanga City * * *. Southern terminus of Mindanao section.


References

{{Road infrastructure in Manila Roads in Luzon Roads in the Visayas Roads in Mindanao