This article contains a list of Mandaic manuscripts, which are almost entirely Mandaean religious texts written in Classical

Mandaic Mandaic may refer to: * Mandaic language * Mandaic alphabet The Mandaic alphabet is a writing system primarily used to write the Mandaic language. It is thought to have evolved between the second and seventh century CE from either a cursive fo ...

. Well-known Mandaean texts include the ''

Ginza Rabba The Ginza Rabba (), Ginza Rba, or Sidra Rabba (), and formerly the Codex Nasaraeus, is the longest and the most important holy scripture of Mandaeism. The Ginza Rabba is composed of two parts: the Right Ginza (GR) and the Left Ginza (GL). T ...

'' (also known as the ''Sidra Rabbā''), the ''

Mandaean Book of John In Mandaeism, the Book of John () is a Mandaean holy book in Mandaic Aramaic which Mandaeans attribute to their prophet John the Baptist. The book contains accounts of John's life and miracles, as well as a number of polemical conversations w ...

'', and the ''

Qulasta The Qulasta, also spelled Qolastā in older sources (; ), is a compilation of Mandaean prayers. The Mandaic word ''qolastā'' means "collection". The prayerbook is a collection of Mandaic prayers regarding baptisms ('' maṣbuta'') and other sa ...

''. Texts for

Mandaean priest A Mandaean priest or ''Tarmida'' () refers to an ordained religious leader in Mandaeism. Overview All priests must undergo lengthy ordination ceremonies, beginning with tarmida initiation. Mandaean religious leaders and copyists of religious text ...

s include '' The 1012 Questions'', among others. Some, like the ''Ginza Rabba'', are

codices The codex (: codices ) was the historical ancestor format of the modern book. Technically, the vast majority of modern books use the codex format of a stack of pages bound at one edge, along the side of the text. But the term ''codex'' is now r ...

(bound books), while others, such as the various ''diwan''s, are illustrated

scroll A scroll (from the Old French ''escroe'' or ''escroue''), also known as a roll, is a roll of papyrus, parchment, or paper containing writing. Structure A scroll is usually partitioned into pages, which are sometimes separate sheets of papyru ...

Background

Mandaean copyists or scribes (Mandaic: ''sapra'') may transcribe texts as a meritorious deed for one's own forgiveness of sins, or they may be hired to copy a text for another person. Mandaean sacred scriptures, such as the ''

'' are traditionally kept in wooden chests wrapped in layers of white cotton and silk cloth. These protected manuscripts are generally not touched by ordinary laypeople, although learned laymen (''yalufa'') who demonstrate proper knowledge and respect for the manuscripts are usually granted access by priests, similar to the level of respect given to the ''

Guru Granth Sahib The Guru Granth Sahib (, ) is the central holy religious scripture of Sikhism, regarded by Sikhs as the final, sovereign and eternal Guru following the lineage of the ten human gurus of the religion. The Adi Granth (), its first rendition, w ...

'' in

Sikhism Sikhism is an Indian religion and Indian philosophy, philosophy that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent around the end of the 15th century CE. It is one of the most recently founded major religious groups, major religio ...

. Gloves are worn while handling copies of the Ginza Rabba that are used for liturgical purposes.

Types

Mandaean religious texts can be written in book or

codex The codex (: codices ) was the historical ancestor format of the modern book. Technically, the vast majority of modern books use the codex format of a stack of pages bound at one edge, along the side of the text. But the term ''codex'' is now r ...

form ( , , or ) or as

s ( , , or ) that are often illustrated. The illustrations, usually labeled with lengthy written explanations, typically contain abstract geometric drawings of

uthra An uthra or ʿutra (, Neo-Mandaic ''oṯrɔ'', traditionally transliterated ''eutra''; plural: ʿuthrē, traditionally transliterated ''eutria'') is a "divine messenger of the light" in Mandaeism. Charles G. Häberl and James F. McGrath transl ...

s that are reminiscent of

cubism Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement which began in Paris. It revolutionized painting and the visual arts, and sparked artistic innovations in music, ballet, literature, and architecture. Cubist subjects are analyzed, broke ...

or prehistoric rock art. In Mandaean texts, the end of each chapter or section is typically denoted by the Mandaean letters ''s—a'' (; also known as ''saka''), which are separated by a long

ligature Ligature may refer to: Language * Ligature (writing), a combination of two or more letters into a single symbol (typography and calligraphy) * Ligature (grammar), a morpheme that links two words Medicine * Ligature (medicine), a piece of suture us ...

. Some scrolls are

talisman A talisman is any object ascribed with religious or magical powers intended to protect, heal, or harm individuals for whom they are made. Talismans are often portable objects carried on someone in a variety of ways, but can also be installed perm ...

s ( ),

amulet An amulet, also known as a good luck charm or phylactery, is an object believed to confer protection upon its possessor. The word "amulet" comes from the Latin word , which Pliny's ''Natural History'' describes as "an object that protects a perso ...

s ( ), or

exorcism Exorcism () is the religious or spiritual practice of evicting demons, jinns, or other malevolent spiritual entities from a person, or an area, that is believed to be possessed. Depending on the spiritual beliefs of the exorcist, this may be do ...

s ( or ), all of which are subtypes of phylacteries. Others consist of prayers such as ('devotions'), ('responses'), and ('"signing" prayers'). Many scrolls contain symbolic descriptions of rituals, such as various types of and rituals. Mandaean texts typically have colophons ( ) giving detailed information about the scribes who had transcribed them, as well as dates, lineages, and other historical information. Drower (1953) recognizes six main groups of Mandaean literature. # esoteric texts, exclusively for priests # ritual texts, exclusively for priests # hymns, psalms, and prayers # hortatory and general texts # astrological texts # magical writings

History

Little is known about the redactors or authors of the texts. The contents date to both pre-Islamic and Islamic periods. The oldest Mandaean magical text is dated to the 4th and 5th centuries CE. During the past few decades,

Majid Fandi Al-Mubaraki Majid Fandi Al-Mubaraki () is an Iraqi-Australian writer and researcher based in the Sydney metropolitan area. He is known for his publications of Mandaic texts, including the Ginza Rba and Qulasta. Biography Al-Mubaraki is a Mandaean who wa ...

, a Mandaean living in Australia, has digitized many Mandaean texts using typesetted

Mandaic script The Mandaic alphabet is a writing system primarily used to write the Mandaic language. It is thought to have evolved between the second and seventh century CE from either a cursive form of Aramaic (as did Syriac) or from Inscriptional Parthia ...

Texts

This section lists the titles of various Mandaic religious texts.

Main scriptures

The primary three scriptures containing the most important narratives, liturgies, and doctrines of Mandaeism are the

, and

. They widely used by both lay Mandaeans and

s. The

Haran Gawaita The ''Haran Gawaita'' ( Mandaic: , meaning "Inner Harran" or "Inner Hauran"; Modern Mandaic: ''(Diwān) Harrān Gawāythā'') also known as the ''Scroll of Great Revelation'', is a Mandaean text which recounts the history of the Mandaeans as ...

is a text that discusses the origins and history of the Mandaean people. ;Primary scriptures *

(''The Great Treasure'', also known as ''The Book of Adam'') (DC 22, etc.) * Qolastā (''Canonical Prayerbook'') (DC 53, etc.) (see also

list of Qulasta prayers The list below contains the 414 Mandaean prayers in E. S. Drower's 1959 ''Canonical Prayerbook'' (also known as the Qulasta), along with their ritual uses. Many of the prayers are identical or nearly identical duplicates of other prayers in the ...

) ** Sidra ḏ-Nišmata (''Book of Souls'') (beginning of the Qulasta) **

Eniania In Mandaeism, a ʿniana or eniana (; plural form: ''ʿniania'' ) prayer is recited during rituals such as the masiqta and priest initiation ceremonies. They form part of the Qulasta. The rahma prayers are often considered to be a subset of the en ...

(''The Responses'') (part of the Qulasta) *

, also known as ''The Book of Kings'' (DC 30, etc.) ;History * ''

'' (''Scroll of Great Revelation'') (DC 9
DC 36
RRC 3E)

Priestly texts

* Ritual and esoteric texts used for priestly use ** ''

The Thousand and Twelve Questions ''The Thousand and Twelve Questions'' ( ; Modern Mandaic: ''Alf Tressar Ešyāli'') is a Mandaean religious text. The ''1012 Questions'' is one of the most detailed texts on Mandaean priestly rituals. It is kept by Mandaean priests in the shk ...

''
DC 36
omplete, with all 7 books DC 6 ncomplete parts in RRC 2M, RRC 3R, RRC 6D) ** ''

The Coronation of the Great Šišlam ''The Coronation of the Great Šišlam'' (or ''The Coronation of Shishlam Rabba''; ) is a Mandaean religious text. The text is a detailed commentary on the initiation of the tarmida (junior priests), with detailed discussions on masbuta and masi ...

'' (DC 54
RRC 1A
RRC 2E) ** ''

Scroll of Exalted Kingship The ''Scroll of Exalted Kingship'' ( ; Modern Mandaic: ''Diwān Malkuthā Əlaythā'') is a Mandaean religious text. Written as a large illustrated scroll, the text consists of 1363 lines. The scroll is a commentary on the initiation of the tar ...

''
DC 34
RRC 2O) ** ''

Scroll of Abatur The ''Diwan Abatur'' (; "Scroll of Abatur"; Modern Mandaic: ''Diwān Abāthor'') is a Mandaean religious text. It is a large illustrated scroll that is over 20 ft. (6.1 m) long. A similar illustrated Mandaean scroll is the '' Diwan Nahraw ...

'' (DC 8, BS 175) ** ''

The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa ''The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa'' or ''Diwan Maṣbuta ḏ-Hibil Ziwa'' (, "Scroll of the Baptism of Hibil Ziwa") is a Mandaean illustrated scroll. It describes the soteriological descent of Hibil Ziwa to the World of Darkness, and his baptisms bef ...

''
DC 35
RRC 2U, BL Add. 23,602B) ** '' Scroll of the Rivers'' (DC 7) ** ''

Scroll of the Great Baptism The ''Scroll of the Great Baptism'' ( Drower, E. S. 1960. ''The Secret Adam: A Study of Nasoraean Gnosis''. Oxford: Clarendon Press.) is a Mandaean religious text. It is a ritual scroll describing the 360 baptisms (masbutas) for a polluted pries ...

'' (DC 50
RRC 1C
** ''

Dmut Kušṭa ''Diwan ḏ-Qadaha Rba Šuma ḏ-Mara ḏ-Rabuta u-Dmut Kušṭa'' (; "The Scroll of the Great Prayer, the Name of the Lord of Greatness and the Image of Truth"), or simply ''Dmut Kušṭa'' (or ''Dmuth Kushta''), is a Mandaean religious text. I ...

'' (Bodleian MS Asiat. Misc. C 12, RRC 2V, RRC 2X) ** '' Alma Rišaia'' texts *** ''

Alma Rišaia Rba '' Alma Rišaia Rba'' or ''Diwan Alma Rišaia Rabbā'' (, "The Great Supreme World" or "The Great First World") is a Mandaean religious text. The text is used for Mandaean priestly initiation ceremonies. It is written as a scroll and has numerou ...

''
DC 41
RRC 2P, RRC 3D, BL Add. 23,602B) *** '' Alma Rišaia Zuṭa''
DC 48
RRC 3F) ** ''

Scroll of the Ancestors The ''Scroll of the Ancestors'' ( ) is a Mandaean religious text that describes the rituals of the Ṭabahata (ancestors') masiqta, held during the 5-day Parwanaya festival. Manuscripts Copies of the scroll include Manuscript 42 of the Drowe ...

'' (DC 42) ** ''

Secrets of the Ancestors ''Diwan u-tafsir ḏ-razia ḏ-abahata'' ( "Scroll and Tafsir xplanationof the Secrets of the Ancestors", or simply "The Secrets of the Ancestors") is a Mandaean religious text. It is written as a scroll. Manuscripts and translations The Bodl ...

''
Bodleian MS Asiat. Misc. C 13
** ''

Zihrun Raza Kasia The ''Šarḥ ḏ-Zihrun Raza Kasia'' (; "The Scroll of Zihrun, the Hidden Mystery") is a Mandaean religious text that describes rituals such as the masbuta, masiqta, and other related topics. It is an illustrated scroll. Zihrun (referred to a ...

''
DC 27
** ''

Scroll of the Parwanaya The ''Scroll of the Parwanaya'' ( ) is a Mandaean religious text that describes the rituals of the five-day Parwanaya festival. Excluding the colophon, the text consists of 931 lines. Manuscripts and translations Copies of the scroll include ...

'' (DC 24) * Wedding liturgy and rituals ** ''

The Wedding of the Great Šišlam ''The Wedding of the Great Shishlam'' ( ) is a Mandaean text. As a liturgical rather than esoteric text, it contains instructions and hymns for the Mandaean marriage ceremony. Traditionally, Mandaean priests recite the entire book at marriage ce ...

'' (DC 38, CS 15, CS 25) * Astrology ** ''

Book of the Zodiac The ''Book of the Zodiac'' (; Modern Mandaic: ''Asfar Malwāši'') is a Mandaean text. It covers Mandaean astrology in great detail. The book is used to obtain a Mandaean's baptismal name (''malwasha''). It is also an important source on Mandaea ...

''
DC 31
etc.)

Magical texts

Magical texts such as ''zrazta'', ''qmaha'', and the like are listed below. Note that these manuscript designations (''zrazta'', ''qmaha'', etc.) are interchangeable, with different manuscript titles providing varying designations. *''Šafta'' texts **Qaština (DC 39, DC 43j, RRC 1G
Bodleian MS Syr. G 2 (R)
**Dahlulia
DC 20
DC 43e) ** Pišra ḏ-Ainia (DC 21
DC 29
RRC 1E, RRC 3K, MS Berlin) **Pišra ḏ-Šambra (DC 10, DC 47
Bodleian MS Syr. G 2 (R)
MS " P.A.") **Pišra ḏ-Šumqa
DC 23
RRC 1P) **Pišra ḏ-Pugdama ḏ-Mia
DC 51
**Pašar Haršia
DC 12
**Pašar Mihla (DC 40
RRC 2C
**Masihfan Rba (DC 37, etc.) *''Qmaha'' texts **Riš Tus Tanina (DC 26) **Bit Mišqal Ainia (DC 26, DC 28
RRC 1T
**Nirig, Sira, and Libat (DC 32) **Šuba lbišna, ʿSirna hthimna, and Yawar Ziwa (DC 33
DC 43c
**Šiul (DC 19, DC 43b
DC 45
DC 46, RRC 3N) **Ṣir Sahria
DC 43a
CS 27) **Br ʿngaria
DC 43g
RRC 1F) **Yurba
DC 43h
RRC 1F) **Gastata
DC 43f
RRC 1F) *''Zrazta'' texts **Hibil Ziwa (DC 13, DC 14, DC 44) **Ptahil Rba (DC 15) **Šuba Šibiahia (DC 18
DC 43i
RRC 1F) *''Šalhafta'' texts **Mahr (DC 17, DC 19
DC 43d
*Books **Haršia Bišia (DC 45, DC 46) * Lead amulets **The Descent of Iauar (MLSC 2), a lead amulet from the

Schøyen Collection __NOTOC__ The Schøyen Collection is one of the largest private manuscript collections in the world, mostly located in Oslo and London. Formed in the 20th century by the father of current owner Martin Schøyen, it comprises manuscripts of global ...

CAL text

Library collections

The majority of known Mandaean texts are currently held at libraries in

Oxford Oxford () is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the List of oldest universities in continuou ...

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

, and

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

Bodleian Library

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Bodleian Library The Bodleian Library () is the main research library of the University of Oxford. Founded in 1602 by Sir Thomas Bodley, it is one of the oldest libraries in Europe. With over 13 million printed items, it is the second-largest library in ...

manuscripts (excluding the Drower Collection) * Oxford Scroll G;

. Two texts for repelling evil spirits. * Codex Marsh. 691 (Oxford); Bodleian Library. Dates to September 5, 1529 A.D., in Huwayza. It is the oldest Mandaean manuscript held in a European library, since Thomas Marshall's servant had donated the book (obtained by Marshall via Dutch merchants) to the Bodleian Library in 1689 or 1690, after Marshall's death. Codex of prayers with 116 pages. Unpublished (see Lidzbarski, '' Mandäische Liturgien''). * Hunt. 6 (

Ginza Ginza ( ; ) is a district of Chūō, Tokyo, Chūō, Tokyo, located south of Yaesu and Kyōbashi, Tokyo, Kyōbashi, west of Tsukiji, east of Yūrakuchō and Uchisaiwaichō, and north of Shinbashi. It is a popular upscale shopping area of Tokyo ...

), unpublished. * Hunt. 71 ( JB) (see Lidzbarski, ''Johannesbuch'', MS D.). Copied by Adam bar Sam in Basra, on August 15, 1659 A.D. (1068 A.H.). * MS Asiat. Misc. C 12: ''Diwan ḏ-Qadaha Rba Šuma ḏ-Mara ḏ-Rabuta u-Dmut Kušṭa'' or simply ''

'' ("The Scroll of the Great Prayer, the Name of the Lord of Greatness and the Image of Truth"), unpublished. Copied by Yahia Ram Zihrun, son of Mhatam in 1818 in Qurna. * MS Asiat. Misc. C 13: ''Diuan u-Tafsir ḏ-Raza ḏ-Abahata'' ("The Scroll fthe

" (or "Parents")). Copied at Mučarra in 1238 A.H. (1822-3 A.D.) by Iahia Ram Zihrun br Mhatam. The text lists the names Barmeil, Bihdad,

Bihram In Mandaeism, Bihram () or Bihram Rabba (, "Bihram the Great") is an uthra (angel or guardian) who presides over the ''masbuta'', or baptism ritual. Bihram is mentioned in Mandaean texts such as the ''Qulasta''. Many Mandaean masbuta ritual praye ...

Šišlam In Mandaeism, Shishlam (;) is a figure representing the archetype, prototypical Mandaean priest or Mandaeans, Mandaean. He is also frequently referred to in Mandaean texts as Šišlam Rabba (. Shishlam is sometimes identified with Adam Kasia, the ...

, Šišlameil, Manhareil, Nureil,

Zihrun Zihrun (; sometimes also spelled Zahrun or Zahroon), is an uthra (angel or guardian) in the World of Light. He is the main subject of the Mandaean scroll ''Zihrun Raza Kasia''. The uthra Zhir (meaning 'secured') is often mentioned as part of a ...

, Sahqeil, Haiil, and Reil.CAL text
* MS Syr. E 15 (a small prayerbook copied in 1849 containing 151 folios). * MS Syr. E 18 (prayers), unpublished. * MS Syr. F 2 (R) (Mandaean liturgies) (Lidzbarski's "Roll F") (see Lidzbarski, '' Mandäische Liturgien''). Copied in 1203 A.H. (1788-9 A.D.) near Shushtar. * MS Syr. G 2 (R): ''Qaština'' ("The Archer") and ''Šambra'' ("The Rue"). Copied by Iahia Ramzihrun br Mhatam br Mhata Iuhana in Qurna in 1231 A.H. (1815-6 A.D.). CAL texts o
Šambra
an
Qaština

British Library

;

British Library The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom. Based in London, it is one of the largest libraries in the world, with an estimated collection of between 170 and 200 million items from multiple countries. As a legal deposit li ...

manuscripts * Add. 23,599, Add. 23,600, and Add. 23,601: three Ginzas catalogued under the same title, ''Liber Adami Mendaice''. ** Add. 23,599 was presented to

Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until Death and state funeral of Queen Victoria, her death in January 1901. Her reign of 63 year ...

by the

rishama A rishama (''rišama''; ''riš-ama''), rishamma, or rishema (; ; ; ) is a religious patriarch in Mandaeism. It is the highest rank out of all the Mandaean clergical ranks. The next ranks are the ''ganzibra'' and ''tarmida'' priests (see Mandaean ...

Sheikh Yahana 10 December 1872, via Colonel Herbert, Consul General of Baghdad. ** Add. 23,600 was donated to the British Museum in April 1860 by the widow of Colonel J. E. Taylor, the British Vice-Consul at Baghdad. It has 315 folios and was copied by Adam Yuhana, the father of

Yahia Bihram Yahya Bihram (also spelled Yahia Bihram; ) was a 19th-century Mandaean priest. Although initially a learned layman (''yalufa''), he became known for reviving the Mandaean priesthood after a cholera epidemic had killed all living Mandaean priests ...

. ** Add. 23,601 was copied by Adam Yuhana, son of Sam and dates to 1824. * Add. 23,602A, ''Kholasta sive liturgica Sabiorum Libri Joannis Fragmenta Mendaice'' ("scrapbook of Mandaean manuscript fragments"). 101 pages. Folia 76–98 and 99–101 contain parts of the

. * Add. 23,602B, ''Kholasta sive liturgica Sabiorum Libri Joannis Fragmenta Mendaice'': book of fragments probably obtained by Colonel

John George Taylor John George Taylor (active 1851–1861; also known as J E Taylor and J G Taylor) was a British official of the Foreign Office, and also an important early archaeologist investigating the antiquities of the Middle East. He was one of the first arc ...

. Contains fragments of '' Maṣbuta ḏ-Hibil Ziua'' and ''

''. Folia 15–18 contain parts of the

. Documented in Wright (1872). * Or. 1236 (Oriental 1236): ''Sidra Rba Mandaitic'' * Or. 6592 (Lidzbarski's "Roll A" or "London Scroll A"), text called '' Šarh ḏ-Taraṣa ḏ-Taga ḏ-Šišlam Rba''. It was copied in Muḥammara in 1289 A.H. (1872-1873 A.D.), itself copied from a composite text. * Or. 6593 (Lidzbarski's "Roll B" or "London Scroll B"),

apotropaic Apotropaic magic (From ) or protective magic is a type of magic intended to turn away harm or evil influences, as in deflecting misfortune or averting the evil eye. Apotropaic observances may also be practiced out of superstition or out of tr ...

contents. The two rolls A and B (i.e., OR 6592 and OR 6593) are in one container. Both date from 1869, with the first one from Muhammerah and the second one from Qurna. * Small lead plates held at the

British Museum The British Museum is a Museum, public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is the largest in the world. It documents the story of human cu ...

Bibliothèque nationale de France

;

Bibliothèque nationale de France The (; BnF) is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites, ''Richelieu'' and ''François-Mitterrand''. It is the national repository of all that is published in France. Some of its extensive collections, including bo ...

Code Sabéen manuscripts The Code Sabéen (also Codex Sabéen or CS) manuscripts are held at the National Library of France (BnF). Much of the following information is derived from an 1874 catalogue of Syriac manuscripts compiled by , which lists descriptions for Mss. Sabéen 1–19. Many of the manuscripts can be viewed online at the Bibliothèque nationale de France's Gallica digital library.
Code Sabéen 1
also known as MS Paris A (

PDF Portable document format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe Inc., Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, computer hardware, ...

) (dated to 1560 A.D.): Ginza Rabba. Copied at Maqdam, Iraq by Ram Baktiar bar Bihram Šadan.

Julius Heinrich Petermann Julius Heinrich Petermann (August 12, 1801, in Glauchau – June 10, 1876, in Bad Nauheim) was a German Orientalist.Häberl, Charles G. (2007).
Introduction to the New Edition, in The Great Treasure of the Mandaeans, a new edition of J. Heinrich Petermann's Thesaurus s. Liber Magni, with a new introduction and a translation of the original preface by Charles G. Häberl
'. Gorgias Press, LLC. Th
CAL text of the Left Ginza
is mostly based on this manuscript. *Code Sabéen 2, also known as MS Paris B: Ginza that was translated into Latin by Matthias Norberg (1816). Copied at Basra and Maqdam by the chief priest Baktiar-Bulbul bar Ram Ziwa in 1042 A.H. (1632-1633 A.D.) for Adam Zihrun bar Sharat. *Code Sabéen 3, also known as MS Paris C: Ginza copied at Howaiza, in 1091 A.H. (1680 A.D.). The first half of the first part was copied (except for a few pages) by Ram Yuhana bar Hawa. The second half of the first part was copied by Yahÿa Adam bar Rabbai Bakhtiar Bulbul. The second part was copied for Ram Yuhana bar Hawa, by Yahya Sam bar Bihram.
Code Sabéen 4
also known as MS Paris D (

): Ginza copied at a location on the Shamaniya Canal, for Abdallah or Bihram, son of Anhara. There appears to have been many copyists. The introductory formula has the name Bihram bar Simath. In the colophon of the first part and the second part, Yahya Bihram, son of Adam Yuhana, names himself expressly as the copyist of the manuscript. The date is unclear, but is sometime in the early 1700s. The colophon of the first part mentions the date 1100 A.H. Matthias Norberg's Mandaic transcription and Latin translation of the Ginza was primarily based on this manuscript.
Code Sabéen 5
(

): Prayers, many of which are also found in the ''Left Ginza''.
Code Sabéen 6-7
(

): Ginza copied from MS Colbert 1715 by L. Picques in 1683 A.D. The notes are originally from MS Colbert 382. *Code Sabéen 8: Mandaean Book of John. Copied by Adam Zihrun bar Zaki Shitil in Khalafabad, Iran, in August or September 1630 A.D. (1039 A.H.) during the month of Hitia. *Code Sabéen 9: Mandaean Book of John. Copied in 1102 A.H. at Duraq (or Dawraq; now

Shadegan Shadegan () is a city in the Central District of Shadegan County, Khuzestan province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Tu ...

), Iran by Adam Zihrun bar Mhatam on January 18, 1691. *Code Sabéen 10: Mandaean Book of John. Copied by Zihrun bar Adam in al-Mīnā’, Basra, on October 13, 1616. *Code Sabéen 11: Mandaean Book of John copied from Sabéen 8 by L. Picques. Many passages are accompanied by Latin translations.
Code Sabéen 12
Qulasta (masbuta and masqita hymns). Copied at Kamalawa in 978 A.H. (1570 A.D.) by Adam Shitlan br Yahia Sam br Zihrun Bihram. Lacks prayers 5-10. Included in Euting (1867). *Code Sabéen 13: Qulasta (masbuta and masqita hymns). Copied at Basra in 1105 A.H. (1694 A.D.). *Code Sabéen 14: Qulasta (masbuta and masqita hymns). Copied from Colbert m.s. 4108 (see Sabéen 12) by L. Picques and partially translated into Latin. *Code Sabéen 15 (Mark Lidzbarski's F manuscript). This manuscript is a partial copy of '' The Marriage of the Great Šišlam'' (''Šarh ḏ-Qabin ḏ-Šišlam Rba'') and also includes prayers from the Sidra ḏ-Nišmata (part of the Qulasta). Copied at Basra in 1086 A.H. (1675 A.D.) by Yahya bar Sam bar Zakia Shitil. Included in Euting (1867). *Code Sabéen 16 (or the Paris Diwan): Scroll, 1360 cm x 16 cm. 409 lines on the cosmogony, beliefs, duties of bishops and priests, and of the faithful, etc., in the form of questions and answers. These questions are believed to have been addressed by

Hibil Ziwa In Mandaeism, Hibil () and/or Hibil Ziwa () and sometimes pronounced Hīwel is referred to an uthra ("excellency", an angel or guardian) from the World of Light or the son of Adam (then; only referred as Hibil). Hibil, the man, is considered to b ...

Yawar to

Nbat In Mandaeism, Nbaṭ () is an uthra (angel or guardian) who is described as the "King of Air" or the "first great Radiance." He is also called Nbaṭ Rba ("the Great Nbaṭ" or "Great Sprout") or Nbaṭ Ziwa "the Radiant Nbaṭ", literally "Radia ...

Rabba. Copied at Howaiza in 1127 A.H. (1716 A.D.). *Code Sabéen 17 *Code Sabéen 18
Code Sabéen 19
(

)
Code Sabéen 20
(

)
Code Sabéen 21
(

)
Code Sabéen 22
(

) *Code Sabéen 23 *Code Sabéen 24: Texts about magical amulets.
Code Sabéen 25
(

) (Mark Lidzbarski's E manuscript). This manuscript is a copy of '' The Book of the Zodiac'' (''Asfar Malwāšē''), and also a partial copy of ''The Marriage of the Great Šišlam'' (''Šarh ḏ-Qabin ḏ-Šišlam Rba''). However, it contains a longer appendix of more recent date.
Code Sabéen 26
(

)
Code Sabéen 27
(

): ''Qmahia'' (magical amulet texts).
Code Sabéen 28
(

)
Code Sabéen 29
(

)
Code Sabéen 30
(

)

Other libraries

*MS Borgiani Siriaci 175 (held at the

Vatican Library The Vatican Apostolic Library (, ), more commonly known as the Vatican Library or informally as the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City, and is the city-state's national library. It was formally established in 1475, alth ...

). This manuscript is a copy of ''

Diwan Abatur The ''Diwan Abatur'' (; "Scroll of Abatur"; Modern Mandaic: ''Diwān Abāthor'') is a Mandaean religious text. It is a large illustrated scroll that is over 20 ft. (6.1 m) long. A similar illustrated Mandaean scroll is the '' Diwan Nahraw ...

''. *

Strasbourg Strasbourg ( , ; ; ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture and largest city of the Grand Est Regions of France, region of Geography of France, eastern France, in the historic region of Alsace. It is the prefecture of the Bas-Rhin Departmen ...

MS 3.978: The manuscript was copied for

Julius Heinrich Petermann Julius Heinrich Petermann (August 12, 1801, in Glauchau – June 10, 1876, in Bad Nauheim) was a German Orientalist.Yahia Bihram Yahya Bihram (also spelled Yahia Bihram; ) was a 19th-century Mandaean priest. Although initially a learned layman (''yalufa''), he became known for reviving the Mandaean priesthood after a cholera epidemic had killed all living Mandaean priests ...

br Adam Yuhana in 1270 A.H. (1853–4 A.D.). A

Neo-Mandaic Neo-Mandaic, also known as Modern Mandaic, sometimes called the "''ratna''" ( "jargon"), is the modern reflex of the Mandaic language, the liturgical language of the Mandaean religious community of Iraq and Iran. Although severely endangere ...

poem in the manuscript was composed in 1203 A.H. (1788 A.D.) and copied in 1270 A.D. (1853–4 A.D.) by R. Adam Yuhana.

Individual collections

Private collections

Buckley has also found ''Ginza'' manuscripts that are privately held by Mandaeans in the United States (two in

San Diego San Diego ( , ) is a city on the Pacific coast of Southern California, adjacent to the Mexico–United States border. With a population of over 1.4 million, it is the List of United States cities by population, eighth-most populous city in t ...

, California; one in

Flushing, New York Flushing is a neighborhood in the north-central portion of the New York City borough of Queens. The neighborhood is the fourth-largest central business district in New York City. Downtown Flushing is a major commercial and retail area, and the ...

; and one in

Lake Grove, New York Lake Grove is a Political subdivisions of New York State#Village, village in the Brookhaven, New York, Town of Brookhaven in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 11,163 at the 2010 census. History The area of Lake Grove wa ...

). Buckley has also located a privately held copy of the ''

'' dating from 1919, which belonged to

Lamea Abbas Amara Lamia Abbas Amara (; ), also sometimes spelled Lamea Abbas Amara; 1929 – 18 June 2021) was an Iraqi poet. She was a pioneer of modern Arabic poetry and an important figure in contemporary poetry in Iraq. Name Lamia is her given name, while Abb ...

. Manuscripts of the

that are privately held by Mandaeans in the United States include: *MS

Flushing Flushing may refer to: Places Netherlands * Flushing, Netherlands, an English name for the city of Vlissingen, Netherlands United Kingdom * Flushing, Cornwall, a village in Cornwall, England * The Flushing, a building in Suffolk, England ...

, an original manuscript belonging to

Nasser Sobbi Nasser Sobbi (; born March 13, 1924, Khorramshahr; died December 22, 2018, Flushing, Queens) was an Iranian-American Mandaean scribe, manuscript collector, and goldsmith who was known as one of the last remaining fully fluent native speakers of ...

. Copied by Sheikh Mhatam bar Yahya Bihram on April 9, 1910. *MS Colonie (originally held at

Niskayuna Niskayuna is a town in Schenectady County, New York, United States. The population was 23,278 at the 2020 census. The town is located in the southeast part of the county, east of the city of Schenectady, and is the easternmost town in the county. ...

), photocopy of a manuscript from

Ahvaz Ahvaz (; ) is a city in the Central District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is home to Persians, Arabs and other groups such as Qashqai and Kurds. Languages spok ...

belonging to Dr.

Sinan Abdullah Sinan Abdul Jabbar Abdullah (born 1947; ) is a Mandaean-American dentist and community leader. He and his twin brother Haithem are known as the first American-born Mandaeans. Biography Sinan Abdullah (full name: Sinan Abdul Jabbar Abdullah, ) w ...

. Copied by Bayan, son of Sharat (

Salem Choheili Šganda Salem Choheili (; born 1935 in Ahvaz, Iran) is an Iranian Mandaean scribe, teacher, and author. He is also a shganda and ''yalufa'' (learned Mandaean layman) and is one of the leaders of the Mandaean Council of Ahvaz. Salem Choheili is ...

) on April 12, 1989. *MS

, an original manuscript that belonged to

, who brought it to San Diego, United States from

Nasiriyah Nasiriyah ( , ; , BGN: , ), also spelled Nassiriya or Nasiriya, is a city in Iraq, the capital of the Dhi Qar Governorate. It lies on the lower Euphrates, about south-southeast of Baghdad, near the ruins of the ancient city of Ur. Its po ...

, Iraq. Copied by Mhatam Zihrun bar Adam on May 13, 1922. The Rbai Rafid Collection (RRC) is a private collection of Mandaean manuscripts belonging to the Mandaean priest Rbai

Rafid al-Sabti Rbai Rafid al-Sabti, known in full as Rafid al-Rishama Abdallah al-Ganzibra Zahrun al-Rishama Abdallah al-Sabti (; born 1965, Iraq), is an Iraqi-Dutch Mandaean priest in Nijmegen, Netherlands. Biography Al-Sabti was born in 1965 to Rishama Ab ...

Nijmegen Nijmegen ( , ; Nijmeegs: ) is the largest city in the Dutch province of Gelderland and the ninth largest of the Netherlands as a whole. Located on the Waal River close to the German border, Nijmegen is one of the oldest cities in the ...

, Netherlands. Important manuscripts in the collection include different versions of the ''Ginza Rabba'', various priestly texts, and numerous magical texts. Individual Mandaean priests, including

Salah Choheili Rishama Salah Choheili (; also known as Ganzibra Ṣalah Jabbar Ṭawus Choheili; Salah Al-Kuhaili; born 1952, Ahvaz, Iran) is an Iranian Mandaean priest in Australia. He is the head priest of Ganzibra Dakhil Mandi in Liverpool, New South Wales, ...

and

Sahi Bashikh Tarmida Sahi Bashikh Al-Zahrooni (, also known as Sahi Khamisi ; born 1966, in Susangerd, Khuzestan, Iran) is an Iranian-Australian Mandaean priest. He is a priest at Yahya Yuhana Mandi in Sydney, Australia. Biography He was born in Susangerd, K ...

, among others, also have private manuscript collections.

Rbai Rafid Collection

The Rbai Rafid Collection (RRC), held by Rbai

, Netherlands, is likely the world's largest private collection of Mandaean manuscripts. The physical manuscripts date back to the 17th century, while the contents date back to pre-Islamic times. The entire collection was photographed by

Matthew Morgenstern Matthew Morgenstern, also known as Moshe Morgenstern (; born 1968 in London, United Kingdom), is an Israeli linguist and religious studies scholar known for his work on Eastern Aramaic languages, especially Mandaic. He is currently Full Professor ...

in 2013. Many manuscripts in the collection have been digitized and published online in transliterated format by

and Ohad Abudraham. RRC manuscripts cited in the ''

Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon (CAL) is an online database containing a searchable dictionary and text corpora of Aramaic dialects. CAL includes more than 3 million lexically parsed words. The project was started in the 1980s and is currently ...

'' (CAL) are as follows. The following list is compiled from the CAL and Morgenstern's article "New Manuscript Sources for the Study of Mandaic".Morgenstern, Matthew
New Manuscript Sources for the Study of Mandaic
In: V. Golinets et al. (eds.), ''Neue Beiträge zur Semitistik. Sechstes Treffen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Semitistik in der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft vom 09.–11. Februar 2013 in Heidelberg''. AOAT, Ugarit Verlag. The collection also contains multimedia items, including audio and video recordings. A few of them include:
Mn iardna silqit
– "I rose up from the river" (

21) (RRC AUDIO-A12)
Nukraiia
(Qulasta 49) (RRC AUDIO-A9)
Zidana u-mzaudana
(Qulasta 96) (RRC AUDIO-A22)

Drower Collection

The Drower Collection (DC), held at the

Oxford University The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the second-oldest continuously operating u ...

, is the world's most extensive institutional library collection of Mandaean manuscripts. The collection consists of 55 Mandaean manuscripts collected by

E. S. Drower Ethel, Lady Drower ( Ethel May Stefana Stevens; 1 December 1879 – 27 January 1972) was a British cultural anthropologist, orientalist and novelist who studied the Middle East and its cultures.Christa Müller-Kessler, Drower ée Stevens Ethe ...

. Drower has published some of the smaller texts in journal articles, while other larger texts have been published as monographs. Many texts remain unpublished. Drower donated MSS Drower 1–53 to the

in 1958. MS Drower 54 (''

'') was given to the library by Lady Drower in 1961, and MS Drower 55 (Drower's personal notebook) was added in 1986.Mandaean manuscripts given by Lady Ethel May Stefana Drower
. Archives Hub. DC 1–5, 22, 30, 31, 38, 45, and 53 are codices, with the rest of the DC manuscripts being scrolls. A list of manuscripts in the Drower Collection, based on primarily on Buckley (2010), as well as Drower (1937)Drower, Ethel Stefana. 1937. ''The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran''. Oxford At The Clarendon Press. and other sources, is given below. The manuscripts are abbreviated DC. *DC 1 – prayerbook (codex) containing prayers for rituals such as minor ablutions (''rahmia'' and ''lofania''). 238 pp. *DC 2 – prayerbook (codex) called the '' Sidra ḏ-Nišmata'' ("Book of the Soul") that was copied by Shaikh Nejm (or Negm; full priestly name: Adam Negm, son of Zakia Zihrun, son of

Ram Zihrun Ram Zihrun () was a 19th-century Mandaean priest. Although initially a learned layman (''yalufa''), he became known for reviving the Mandaean priesthood together with his cousin Yahya Bihram after a cholera epidemic had killed all living Mandaean ...

) for Drower in 1933. 155 pp.

Jacques de Morgan Jean-Jacques de Morgan (3 June 1857 – 14 June 1924) was a French mining engineer, geologist, and archaeologist. He was the director of antiquities in Egypt during the 19th century, and excavated in Memphis and Dahshur, providing many dra ...

had also acquired a copy of the ''Book of Souls'' during his travels to Iran from 1889 to 1891. *DC 3 – codex of prayer fragments (incomplete

), such as prayers for minor ablutions, the '' rahmia'' (devotions), ''qulasta'', ''

masiqta The masiqta () is a mass or ritual practiced in the Mandaean religion in order to help guide the soul ('' nišimta'') towards the World of Light in Mandaean cosmology. They are typically performed as funerary rites for Mandaeans who have just di ...

'', ''

zidqa brikha In Mandaeism, the zidqa brikha (or ''zidqa brika''; ) is a type of ritual meal blessed by Mandaean priests. ''Zidqa'' means oblation and can also mean alms, while ''brikha'' means blessed.Drower, Ethel Stefana. 1937. ''The Mandaeans of Iraq and Ir ...

'' (blessed

oblation An oblation is a solemn offering, sacrifice or presentation to God, to the Church for use in God's service, or to the faithful, such as giving alms to the poor. The word comes from the Late Latin ''oblatio'' (from ''offerre'', ''oblatum'' 'to ...

s), and myrtle and banner ('' drabša'') hymns. It was bound by Sheikh

Dakhil Aidan Sheikh (''Rabbi'') Ganzibra Dakhil Aidan (also spelled Dakheel Edan or Dakhil Idan, ; Mandaean baptismal name: Mhatam Zihrun bar Adam; ; born April 14, 1881, died June 24, 1964) was the Iraqi Mandaean patriarch and international head of the Ma ...

Amarah Amarah (), also spelled Amara, is a city in south-eastern Iraq, located on a low ridge next to the Tigris River waterway south of Baghdad about 50 km (31 mi) from the border with Iran. It lies at the northern tip of the marshlands between ...

. *DC 4 – codex consisting of a Mandaic-English glossary compiled by Shaikh Nejm for Drower, with the help of an English-speaking Mandaean. See Hezy & Morgenstern (2012). *DC 5 – prayerbook (codex). Known as the "Prayers of Yahya." Copied by Hirmiz bar Anhar. *DC 6 – Alf Trisar Šuialia (" 1012 Questions", incomplete version). Contains parts 3-7 (out of 7 parts total) of the ''1012 Questions''. One part is known as the Tafsir Pagra. 14400 mm long by 337 mm wide (about 12 inches) with 1652 lines. Copied by Adam Zihrun, son of Bihram Šitlan, of the Šaʿpuria clan in

Shushtar Shushtar () is a city in the Central District of Shushtar County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Shushtar is an ancient fortress city, approximately from Ahvaz, the centre of the province ...

in 1557 (965 A.H.). *DC 7 – Diwan Nahrwata ("The Scroll of the Rivers"). The illustrated scroll is a geographical treatise.

Kurt Rudolph Kurt Rudolph (3 April 1929
University of Leipzig – 13 May 2020) was a German researcher of < ...

published a German translation in 1982, based on a

Baghdad Baghdad ( or ; , ) is the capital and List of largest cities of Iraq, largest city of Iraq, located along the Tigris in the central part of the country. With a population exceeding 7 million, it ranks among the List of largest cities in the A ...

copy originally from

. In 2022,

Brikha Nasoraia Rishama Brikha H. S. Nasoraia (full name: Brikha Haithem Saed Naṣoraia; ; born 1964 in Iraq) is an Iraqi-Australian Mandaean priest and scholar based in Sydney, Australia. He is affiliated with the University of Sydney and Mardin Artuklu Univ ...

published an English translation and analysis. About 3300 words. Copied by

, son of Sam Bihram, Kupašia in

in 1259 A.H. (1843 A.D.). *DC 8 –

. Copied by Ram Yuhana, son of Ram, of the Dihdaria and Sabur clans (active ca. 1743). A scroll wrapped in linen cloth that is 14,630 mm long by 316 mm wide (about 48 feet long and 1 foot wide), with approximately 800 lines. Interspersed illustrations. A note inside the box is labelled "Bahrami purchase". Donated by Drower to the Bodleian Library in 1950. *DC 9 –

. Copied by

, son of Sam Bihram, Kupašia in Margab, Iran in 1276 A.H. (1859 A.D.). *DC 10 – Pišra ḏ-ŠambraYamauchi, Edwin M. (1967). ''Mandaic Incantation Texts''. New Haven: American Oriental Society. (love charm magic scroll). A ''qmaha'' that is an invocation to

Libat In Mandaeism, Libat () is the Mandaic name for the planet Venus.Müller-Kessler, Christa (2018). "Šamaš, Sîn (Sahra, Sira), Delibat (Ištar, al-‘Uzzā), und Kēwān (Kajjamānu) in den frühen mandäischen magischen Texten und bei ihren Nac ...

(Venus). Translated and published in '' JRAS'' (1939). *DC 11 – ''zrazta'' (talisman). Illustrated scroll with 183 lines. *DC 12 – Pašar Haršia ("The Exorcism of Wizards" / "The Loosing of Spells"). A ''qmaha'' that is an exorcism of witches and wizards. Purchased by Drower from Shaikh Abdallah in

in 1933. Dates to 1196 A.H. / 1782 C.E. Transcribed by Adam Yuhana, son of Sam, son of Bihram, Kamisia clan at Šaka by the Karka River (or Kerak River). An English translation of the colophon can be found in Gelbert (2017).CAL text
*DC 13 – ''zrazta'' of

. Also called "Roll C." Part of the ''Zrazta ḏ-Hibil Ziwa'' (DC 44). Purchased by Drower from Shaikh Kumait in 1933. *DC 14 – ''zrazta'' or magical / "protective" text. Part of the ''Zrazta ḏ-Hibil Ziwa'' (DC 44). Purchased by Drower from Shaikh Kumait. 185 lines. *DC 15 – ''zrazta'' of the Great

Ptahil In Mandaeism, Ptahil () also known as Ptahil-Uthra (uthra, "angel, guardian"), is the Fourth Life, the third of three emanations from the First Life, Hayyi Rabbi, after Yushamin and Abatur. Ptahil-Uthra alone does not constitute the demiurge but ...

(Zrazta ḏ-Ptahil Rba). A very long scroll purchased by Drower from Shaikh Nejm, in Qal‛at Saleh in April 1933. Also called "Roll E." *DC 16 – Exorcism scroll. Also called "Roll F." 101 lines. Purchased by Drower in 1933. *DC 17 – Šalhafta ḏ-Mahra. A small 2.5-inch wide exorcism scroll also called "Roll G." *DC 18 – Zrazta ḏ-Šuba Šibiahia ("The Talisman of the Seven Planets"). There is a section for each of the seven planets. Copied by Shaikh Faraj (Adam br Iahia br Adam Zihrun) for Drower in Baghdad in 1355 A.H. (1935 A.D.). Variants: DC 43i and RRC 1F. *DC 19 – Šalhafta ḏ-Mahra ("The Exorcism of Illness"), consisting of two texts. Copied by Adam Zihrun br Ram Zihrun br Adam Iuhana in Baghdad in 1355 A.H. (1935 A.D.). Variants are DC 43d and Codex Sabéen (CS) 27: 10a–14a (undated, prob. 19th century). *DC 20 – Šafta ḏ-Dahlulia ("The Scroll of, i.e. against Evil Spirits"). Illustrated scroll copied by Sheikh Faraj for Drower in Baghdad in 1935. Originally copied in 1250 A.H. (1834–5 A.D.) in Shaṭra by Adam br Bihram br Yahia. 236 lines.CAL text
*DC 21 – Šafta ḏ-Pišra ḏ-Ainia ("Exorcism of the Evil and Diseased Eyes"). Copied by Shaikh Faraj for Drower in December 1935. 803 lines. Published by Drower in '' JRAS'' No. 4 (Oct. 1937). See also Müller-Kessler (1999). Analysis by Hunter (2013). *DC 22 – Ginza Rba codex. Purchased by Drower from Shaikh Nejm in 1936. Transcribed in 1831 by

, son of Sam Bihram, Kupašia. Ram Zihrun copied the ''

Right Ginza The Right Ginza () is one of the two parts of the Ginza Rabba, the longest and the most important holy scripture of Mandaeism. The other part of the Ginza Rabba is the Left Ginza. Summaries of each book (or tractate), based mostly on Häberl ( ...

'' in Qurna, and the ''

Left Ginza The Left Ginza () is one of the two parts of the Ginza Rabba, the longest and the most important holy scripture of Mandaeism. The other part of the Ginza Rabba is the Right Ginza. As of 2024, a critical edition that includes an annotated transl ...

'' in

Basra Basra () is a port city in Iraq, southern Iraq. It is the capital of the eponymous Basra Governorate, as well as the List of largest cities of Iraq, third largest city in Iraq overall, behind Baghdad and Mosul. Located near the Iran–Iraq bor ...

. *DC 23 – Pašar Šumqa / Pašar Šmaq ("The Exorcism of Fever"). Purchased by Drower from Shaikh Nejm in 1936. 777 lines. Copied in Basra in 1226 A.H. (1811 A.D.) by Bihram Sam br Zihrun
CAL text
*DC 24 – Šarḥ ḏ-Parwanaia, or Panšā ("The

"). German translation and commentary by Burtea (2005). Used for rituals such as the consecration of the cult-hut, the dove (''ba'') sacrifice, ''

'', the myrtle ritual, etc. *DC 25 – a ''qmaha'' scroll. Purchased by Drower from Hirmiz bar Anhar in Baghdad in 1936. *DC 26 – two talismans (''qmahas''). Published by Drower in ''Iraq'' 5 (1938): 31–54. Consists of two texts: ''Bit Mišqal Ainia'' and ''Riš Tus Tanina''. Copied by Shaikh Faraj (Mhatam Yuhana br Adam Zihrun br Yahia Bihram) in 1355 A.D. (December 1936) for Drower in Baghdad. ''Bit Mišqal Ainia'' (''Qmaha ḏ-Bit mišqal ainia''), a different version of DC 28, was published in Drower (1938). Morgenstern finds Drower's translation to be erroneous; he makes uses of RRC 1T in addition to DC 26 and 28. *DC 27 –

Šarḥ ḏ-Zihrun-Raza-Kasia The ''Šarḥ ḏ-Zihrun Raza Kasia'' (; "The Scroll of Zihrun, the Hidden Mystery") is a Mandaean religious text that describes rituals such as the masbuta, masiqta, and other related topics. It is an illustrated scroll. Zihrun (referred to as ...

/ Masiqta Zihrun Raza Kasia ("The

Masiqta The masiqta () is a mass or ritual practiced in the Mandaean religion in order to help guide the soul ('' nišimta'') towards the World of Light in Mandaean cosmology. They are typically performed as funerary rites for Mandaeans who have just di ...

of Zihrun, the Hidden Mystery"). The text covers the

masbuta Maṣbuta (; pronounced ''maṣwottā'' in Neo-Mandaic) is the ritual of immersion in water in the Mandaean religion. Overview Mandaeans revere John the Baptist and practice frequent baptism (''masbuta'') as ritual purification, not of initia ...

(in lines 23–190) and

(in lines 232–523) of Zihrun Raza Kasia. German translation and commentary by Burtea (2008). An illustrated scroll purchased by Drower from Shaikh Yahia, Qal’at Salih in May 1937. The colophon date is 1088 A.H. ( 1677 A.D). 559 lines. See Rebrik (2008)
CAL text
*DC 28 – Pišra ḏ-Bit Mišqal Ainia (The Exorcism of "I Sought to Lift My Eyes"), a ''qmaha'' text. Purchased by Drower from Shaikh Nejm in June 1937. Published in Drower (1938). Copied by Yahia Bihram br Adam Yuhana br Sam in 1272 A.H. (1855-6 A.D.) in the marshlands. *DC 29 – Pišra ḏ-Ainia / Pašar Ainia ("Exorcism of the Evil Eye"). Purchased by Drower from Shaikhs Nejm and Yahia in November 1937
CAL text
*DC 30 – Draša ḏ-Yahia ("Teaching of Yahia" or

) (codex). Purchased by Drower from Shaikhs Nejm and Yahia in November 1937. The manuscript copying was finished on March 16, 1753 A.D. (1166 A.H.). Copied in

by Ram Yuhana, son of Ram, Dihdaria. *DC 31 –

(codex). Purchased by Drower from Shaikhs Nejm and Yahia in November 1937. Copied in Qurna in 1247 A.H. (1831-2 CE) by Ram Zihrun br Bihram Sam br Iahia Zihrun. *DC 32 – The ''qmahia'' of

Nirig In Mandaeism, Nirig () or Nerig is the Mandaic name for the planet Mars. Nirig is one of the seven planets (), who are part of the entourage of Ruha in the World of Darkness ''World of Darkness'' is a series of tabletop role-playing games, o ...

h, Sira, and

("exorcism of Mars, Moon, and Venus"). Love talisman scroll. Purchased by Drower from Shaikh Nejm in 1938. *DC 33 – ''Tlata qmahia'' or the "three ''qmahia''" (exorcism scrolls): ''Šuba lbišna'', ''‛Sirna hthimna'', and ''Yawar Ziwa nišimtai''. Purchased by Drower at Litlata in April 1938. Published in '' JRAS'' No. 3 (1937). *DC 34 –

/ Diwan Malkuta 'laita. Illustrated scroll purchased by Drower from Shaikh Nejm in April 1939. 1353 lines. *DC 35 – Diwan Maṣbuta ḏ-Hibil Ziwa ("

"). Bought in Persia through Shaikh Nejm on April 29, 1939. Copied by Yahia Bihram, son of Adam Yuhana, of the Qindila, Kamisia and Rish Draz clans in 1831 (1247 AH), but his added postscript extends to 1848. Date incorrectly given as 1750 by Drower. 544 lines of pure text and then 3937 mm of mixed text and illustrations. Donated by Drower to the Bodleian Library in December 1958. Colophons analyzed in Morgenstern (2019). *DC 36 –

and 1012 Questions (complete version with all 7 books). A long scroll that is 12 inches wide and 626 inches (17 yards, 14 inches) long. Copied by Yahia Zihrun br Ram in Shushtar in 1088 A.H. (1677 A.D.)
CAL text
*DC 37 – Šafta ḏ-Masihfan Rba ("The Scroll of the Great Overthrower"). Copied by

, son of Adam Yuhana, in Suq eš-Šuyuk in 1861. 633 lines. There is also a British Library manuscript fragment. There are two additional copies of ''Šafta ḏ-Masi(h)fan'' owned by Suhaib Nashi: a manuscript copied in Qalˤat Ṣāleḥ in 1358 A.H. (1939 A.D.) and another undated manuscript probably copied during around the same time. Both of the Suhaib Nashi manuscripts are based on a different manuscript tradition than DC 37. *DC 38 – Šarḥ ḏ-qabin ḏ-Šišlam Rba ("

The Marriage Ceremony of the Great Šišlam ''The Wedding of the Great Shishlam'' ( ) is a Mandaean text. As a liturgical rather than esoteric text, it contains instructions and hymns for the Mandaean marriage ceremony. Traditionally, Mandaean priests recite the entire book at marriage ...

").Drower, E. S. 1950.
Šarḥ ḏ qabin ḏ šišlam rba (D. C. 38). Explanatory Commentary on the Marriage Ceremony of the great Šišlam
'. Rome: Ponteficio Istituto Biblico. (text transliterated and translated) A scroll that Drower had purchased from Shaikh Nejm in April 1939, along with DC 36, 37, and 39. Transcribed by Adam Yuhana. *DC 39 – Šafta ḏ-Qaština ("The Scroll of 'I Shoot'"), a ''qmaha'' that Drower had purchased from Shaikh Nejm in April 1939. Transcribed in 1802 by Adam Yuhana. *DC 40 – Šafta ḏ-mihla ("The Scroll of Salt") or ''Pašra mihla'' ("The Excorcism of Salt"). An exorcism scroll that uses personified salt to exorcise illnesses and evil spirits. Purchased by Drower from Shaikh Nejm in May 1939. Copied by Bihram br

br Sam Bihram. Salt is also frequently sprinkled around Mandaean houses to keep evil spirits away. See Tarelko (2008). *DC 41 –

("The Great Supreme World"). English translation and commentary by Drower (1963).Drower, E. S. 1963.
A Pair of Naṣoraean Commentaries: Two Priestly Documents, the Great First World and the Lesser First World
'. Leiden: Brill. An illustrated scroll about 545 lines long, dating to 1809 (1220 A.H.). Copied for Colonel J. E. Taylor (Vice-Consul in Baghdad) in Šuštar in 1224 A.H. (1809–10) by Adam Yuhana, son of Sam Bihram (i.e.,

, son of Sam Bihram), of the Kamisia and Rish Draz clans. Bought from Sheikh Nejm in Iraq by Drower in autumn 1939. Donated by Drower to the Bodleian Library in December 1958.CAL text
*DC 42 - Šarḥ ḏ-Ṭabahata ("The Scroll of Ṭabahata"

arents Arents is a Dutch and German patronymic surname ("son of Arent").Scroll of the Ancestors The ''Scroll of the Ancestors'' ( ) is a Mandaean religious text that describes the rituals of the Ṭabahata (ancestors') masiqta, held during the 5-day Parwanaya festival. Manuscripts Copies of the scroll include Manuscript 42 of the Drowe ...

"). Used for

Parwanaya Parwanaya (; ) or Panja (Mandaic: , from Persian 'five') is a 5-day religious festival in the Mandaean calendar. The 5 epagomenals (extra days) inserted at the end of every Šumbulta (the 8th month) constitute the Parwanaya intercalary feast. ...

rituals. Transcribed in 1743 and has 834 lines. Similar to Prayer 170 of the ''

'', but some names are different. Commentary by Buckley (2010). DC 42

verso ''Recto'' is the "right" or "front" side and ''verso'' is the "left" or "back" side when text is written or printed on a leaf of paper () in a bound item such as a codex, book, broadsheet, or pamphlet. In double-sided printing, each leaf h ...

contains six texts: šarḥ ḏ-ahaba ḏ-mania b-iuma ḏ-paruanaiia, aprišata ḏ-ahaba ḏ-mania, šarḥ ḏ-ahaba ḏ-mania ḏ-tarmida ʿu ganzibra kḏ napiq, šarḥ ḏ-ṭabahata qria b-šuma ḏ-gabrauʿnta, šarḥ ḏ-dukrana ḏ-šumaiia, šarḥ ḏ-zidqa brika ḏ-paruanaiia. Copied at Basra in 1248 A.H. (1832-3)
CAL text of DC 42 verso
* DC 43 – The Poor Priest's Treasury, a scroll consisting of ''qmahas'' used for exorcism and magic. The contents are: Qmaha ḏ-ṣir Sahria (DC 43a); Qmaha ḏ-Šaiul (DC 43b); the three related texts (DC 43c) Šuba libišna, ʿsirna hthimna, and Yawar Ziwa (see DC 33); Šalhafta ḏ-Mahria (DC 43d; see DC 19); Qmaha ḏ-Dahlulia (DC 43e; see DC 20); Qmaha ḏ-Gastata (DC 43f); Qmaha ḏ-Br ʿngaria (DC 43g); Qmaha ḏ-

Yurba In Mandaeism, Yurba or Yorabba () is an uthra (angelic or celestial being). Mark Lidzbarski, Lidzbarski (1905, 1920) spells his name as spelled Jōrabba. Yurba, who is also called the fighter, is identified with Shamish, the sun. In Mandaean text ...

(DC 43h); Qmaha ḏ-Šuba (DC 43i); Qmaha ḏ-Qaština (DC 43j; of DC 39 and copy in Bodleian). Purchased by Drower from Shaikh Nejm in 1939 and copied in 1270 A.H. (1853 A.D.) in the marshlands in the territory of the Kit bin Sa'ad, by

br Adam Yuhana. Variants in DC 23b. See also Burtea (2005). CAL texts: D
43a43c43d43f43g I43g II43h43i
*DC 44 – Zrazta ḏ-Hibil Ziwa ("The Protection of Hibil Ziwa"). The longest talisman in the Drower Collection. Purchased by Drower from Shaikh Nejm in 1939 and was transcribed in 1209 A.H. (1794–1795 A.D.) at Qurna by Sam Bihram, son of Yahia Yuhana, Dihdaria, who also transcribed DC 34. 2140 lines with 2 colophons. The text was first made known to the international scholarly community by

(1905), based on a ''qmaha'' scroll that de Morgan had purchased during his travels to Iran from 1889 to 1891.

has a photocopy of a ''Hamš Zaraziata'' manuscript copied in 1199 A.H. (1784–1785 A.D.), which contains the earliest known copies of ''Zarazta ḏ-Manda ḏ-Hiia'' and ''Zarazta ḏ-Ptahil''. There are also many later copies in the Rbai Rafid Collection. *DC 45 – Haršia Bišia ("A Mandaean Book of Black Magic"). Partially published in journal articles.CAL text of DC 45:5–7
(''Qmaha ḏ-Šiul''). *DC 46 – Haršia Bišia ("A Mandaean Book of Black Magic"). Copied by Shaikh Abdallah in March 1942. Different version of DC 45. Partially published in journal articles. *DC 47 – Pišra ḏ-Šambra ("A Phylactery for Rue"). Copied in 1249 A.H. (1833-4 A.D.) by

, son of Adam Yuhana. Another manuscript analyzed by Drower was a manuscript that the Mandaean silversmith Zahroun Amara had copied for

Anastase-Marie de Saint-Élie Butrus Mikha'il 'Awwad al-Marini ( / ; 5 August 1866: "ولد الأب أنستاس ماري الكرملي، في بغداد، يوم ٥ آب ١٨٦٦، من أب لبناني الأصل، وأم بغدادية. / تلقى دروسه الابتد ...

around the turn of the 20th century. Drower abbreviates the manuscript as P.A. *DC 48 – Alma Rišaia Zuṭa ("The Smaller Supreme World")Drower, E. S. 1960. ''The Secret Adam: A Study of Nasoraean Gnosis''. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (listed as DC 47 in Drower 1953). English translation and commentary by Drower (1963). A text from

that was copied by Adam Zihrun br Bihram Šitlan br Sam Zakia br Iahia Bulparaš br Ram Iuhana, Ša‛puria clan. Dates to 972 A.H. or 1564 A.D
CAL text
*DC 49 – Small exorcism scroll *DC 50 – Šarḥ ḏ-Maṣbuta Rabtia ("The

"). Ritual scroll describing the 360 baptisms (

s) for a polluted priest. Also called "Fifty Baptisms" and the ''Raza Rba ḏ-Zihrun''. Dates from 1867 and has 962 lines. See Güterbock (2008). Also known in full as ''Šarḥ ḏ-Maṣbuta Rabtia ḏ-Tlatma u-Šitin Maṣbutiata''. *DC 51 – Pišra ḏ-Pugdama ḏ-Mia ("Exorcism: the Command of the Waters"), of which DC 51 is the only surviving copy. Exorcism invoking the personified waters of life. Dates to 1277 A.H. Copied in Margab, Suq es-šuyukh, in 1277 A.H. (1860-1 A.D.) by Ram Zihrun, son of Sam Bihram, Kupašia. Berlin MS Or. Oct 3752 envelope 34, an incomplete manuscript, parallels DC 51 (lines 433-448).CAL text
*DC 52 – missing *DC 53 –

(Canonical Prayerbook, a complete codex). Purchased by Drower in 1954. Copied in 1802 by the ganzibra Adam Yuhana, the father of

, in

Huwaiza Hoveyzeh () is a city in the Central District of Hoveyzeh County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district. Demographics Population At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was ...

Khuzistan Khuzestan province () is one of the 31 Provinces of Iran. Located in the southwest of the country, the province borders Iraq and the Persian Gulf, covering an area of . Its capital is the city of Ahvaz. Since 2014, it has been part of Iran's ...

. *DC 54 –

. English translation and commentary by Drower (1962). Or. 6592, British Museum is another manuscript of this text.Drower, E. S. 1962.
The Coronation of the Great Šišlam: Being a Description of the Rite of the Coronation of a Mandaean Priest according to the ancient Canon
''. Leiden: Brill. The scroll is from either

and dates to 1008 A.H. (1599 A.D.). Copied by Sam Šitlan, son of Ram Bayan, Ša‛puria clan. Morgenstern notes that DC 54 is corrupt, while RRC 1A and BL. Or. 6592 are more reliable. *DC 55 – Drower's personal notebook

Timeline of major publications

Timeline of major publications of important Mandaean scriptures: *1867:

(Mandaic) by

Julius Heinrich Petermann Julius Heinrich Petermann (August 12, 1801, in Glauchau – June 10, 1876, in Bad Nauheim) was a German Orientalist.Qulasta The Qulasta, also spelled Qolastā in older sources (; ), is a compilation of Mandaean prayers. The Mandaic word ''qolastā'' means "collection". The prayerbook is a collection of Mandaic prayers regarding baptisms ('' maṣbuta'') and other sa ...

(German) by

Mark Lidzbarski Mark Lidzbarski (born Abraham Mordechai Lidzbarski, Płock, Russian Empire, 7 January 1868 – Göttingen, 13 November 1928) was a Polish philologist, Semiticist and translator of Mandaean texts. Early life and education Lidzbarski was born in Ru ...

*1915:

(German) by

*1925:

(German) by

*1959:

(English) by

*1998:

and

(Mandaic) by

*2011:

(English) by

Carlos Gelbert Carlos Gelbert (born 1948) is an Australian writer and translator. He is best known for publishing the first full-length English translations of the Ginza Rba (2011) and Mandaean Book of John (2017) together with Mark J. Lofts. Gelbert has also ...

*2017:

(English) by

*2020:

(English) by

Charles G. Häberl Charles G. Häberl (born June 22, 1976 in New Jersey, United States) is an American linguist, religious studies scholar, and professor. He is currently Professor of African, Middle Eastern, and South Asian Languages and Literatures (AMESALL) and ...

and

James F. McGrath James Frank McGrath is an American scholar of religion. He is the Clarence L. Goodwin Chair in New Testament Language and Literature at Butler University. He is known for his work on Early Christianity, Mandaeism, criticism of the Christ myth t ...

Bibliography

* : ''Essay on Mandaean Bibliography 1560–1930''. London, Humphrey Mildford, Oxford University Press, 1933. * *

Ethel Stefana Drower Ethel, Lady Drower ( Ethel May Stefana Stevens; 1 December 1879 – 27 January 1972) was a British cultural anthropologist, orientalist and novelist who studied the Middle East and its cultures.Christa Müller-Kessler, Drower ée Stevens Ethe ...

: ''The Book of the Zodiac = Sfar malwašia: D. C. 31.'' London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1949. *

: ''Mandaeans. Liturgy and Ritual. The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans.'' Translated with notes. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1959. *

: ''Haran Gawaita. The Haran Gawaita and the Baptism of Hibil-Ziwa: the Mandaic text reproduced, together with translation, notes and commentary.'' Città del Vaticano, Biblioteca apostolica vaticana, 1953. *

: ''Alf trisar ŝuialia. The thousand and twelve questions: a Mandaean text'', edited in transliteration and translation. Berlin, Akademie-Verlag, 1960. *

: ''Diwan Abatur. ... or progress through the purgatories.'' Text with translation notes and appendices.

Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana The Vatican Apostolic Library (, ), more commonly known as the Vatican Library or informally as the Vat, is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City, and is the city-state's national library. It was formally established in 1475, alth ...

, Città del Vaticano 1950 (''Studi e testi. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana'' 151, ). * M.

Nicolas Siouffi Nicolas Siouffi (1829 (Damascus) – 1901 ( Baabda)) was a Syrian Christian, and later French citizen and vice-consul at Mosul, remembered for his study of Mandaeism. He is known for works such as ''Études sur les Soubbas ou les Sabéens'' ...

: ''Études sur la Religion/Des Soubbas ou sabéens, leurs dogmes, mœurs par''. Paris 1880, ISBN 9781147041224 * J. de Morgan: ''Mission scientifique en Perse par J. De Morgan.'' Tome V. Études linguistiques. Deuxième partie. Textes mandaïtes publiés par J. de Morgan avec une notice sur les Mandéens par Cl. Huart. Paris, 1904. * Hermann Zotenberg: ''Catalogues des manuscriptes syriaques et sabéens (mandaïtes)'' * Henri Pognon: ''Inscriptions mandaïtes des coupes de Khouabir'' Paris 1898–1899, parts 1–3. *

: ''Ginzā. Der Schatz oder Das große Buch der Mandäer''. Göttingen, 1925. * Mark Lidzbarski: ''Das Johannesbuch der Mandäer''. Gießen: Töpelmann, 1915

966 Year 966 (Roman numerals, CMLXVI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * 23 June - Arab-Byzantine Wars, Byzantine-Arab War: Arab-Byzantine prisoner exchanges, A prisoner excha ...

* Mark Lidzbarski: ''Das mandäische Seelenbuch'', in: ZDMG 61 (1907), 689–698. *

Richard Reitzenstein Richard August Reitzenstein (2 April 1861, in Breslau – 23 March 1931, in Göttingen) was a German classical philologist and scholar of Ancient Greek religion, hermetism and Gnosticism. He is described by Kurt Rudolph as “one of the most st ...

: ''Das mandäische Buch des Herrn der Größe und die Evangelienüberlieferung''. Heidelberg-Winter, 1919. *

Julius Euting Julius Euting (11 July 1839 – 2 January 1913) was a German Orientalist. Life Director of the National and University Library of Strasbourg, he completed his first studies at the Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium in Stuttgart and at the local se ...

: ''Qolastā oder Gesänge und Lehren von der Taufe und dem Ausgang der Seele''. Stuttgart, 1867. * B. Poertner: ''Mandäischer Diwan''. Eine photographische. Aufnahme; Straßburg, 1904. * * Wilhelm Brandt: ''Mandäische Schriften'' übersetzt und erläutert. Göttingen, 1893. * Matthias Norberg: ''Codex Nasaraeus Liber Adami appellatus''. 3 vols. London, 1815–16. *

Julius Heinrich Petermann Julius Heinrich Petermann (August 12, 1801, in Glauchau – June 10, 1876, in Bad Nauheim) was a German Orientalist.Theodor Nöldeke Theodor Nöldeke (; born 2 March 1836 – 25 December 1930) was a German orientalist and scholar, originally a student of Heinrich Ewald. He is one of the founders of the field of Quranic studies, especially through his foundational work titled ...

: ''Mandäische Grammatik''. Halle, 1875 * Werner Foerster: ''A Selection of Gnostic Texts''. Oxford, 1974 *

Kurt Rudolph Kurt Rudolph (3 April 1929
University of Leipzig – 13 May 2020) was a German researcher of < ...

: ''Theogonie, Kosmogonie und Anthropogonie in den mandäischen Schriften. Eine literarkritische und traditionsgeschichtliche Untersuchung.'' Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1965 (''Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments'' 88, ), (Zugleich: Leipzig, Univ., Phil. Habil.-Schr., 1961). *

Kurt Rudolph Kurt Rudolph (3 April 1929
University of Leipzig – 13 May 2020) was a German researcher of < ...

: ''Der mandäische "Diwan der Flüsse''. Abhandlungen der Sächsischen Akadademie der Wissenschaft. Phil.-Hist. Klasse 70 Heft 1, Leipzig, 1982. * Kurt Rudolph. ''Mandaeism'' In: David Noel Freedman (ed.), The Anchor Bible Dictionary, Doubleday 1992, ISBN 3-438-01121-2, Bd. 4, S. 500–502. * Rudolf Macuch: ''Und das Leben ist siegreich'' Mandäistische Forschungen 1, Harrassowitz Verlag 2008 *

Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley (born Jorunn Jacobsen, 1944) is a Norwegian-American religious studies scholar and historian of religion known for her work on Mandaeism and Gnosticism. She was a former Professor of Religion at Bowdoin College. She is ...

: ''The Colophons in the Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans''.

Journal of Near Eastern Studies The ''Journal of Near Eastern Studies'' is an academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press, covering research on the ancient and medieval civilizations of the Near East, including their archaeology, art, history, literature, ling ...

, Vol. 51, No. 1 (Jan. 1992), 33–50. *

Willis Barnstone Willis Barnstone (born November 13, 1927) is an American poet, religious scholar, and translator. He was born in Lewiston, Maine and lives in Oakland, California. He has translated works by Jorge Luis Borges, Antonio Machado, Rainer Maria Rilke, ...

: ''The other Bible''. Harper, 1984. * Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon: ''Mandäer''. 1905–1909. * *

References

External links

Essenes.net

The Eyes Encyclopedia of the Knowledge
(Mandaean Network)
Mandäistische Forschungen
book series from

Harrassowitz Verlag Harrassowitz Verlag is a German academic publishing house, based in Wiesbaden. It publishes about 250 scholarly books and periodicals per year on Oriental, Slavic, and Book and Library Studies. The publishing house is part of the company Otto Ha ...

Online texts

Mandaic texts
at the ''

''
Ginzā
(1925)
''Drašâ ḏ-Jōhânā''
(1905)
Qolastā in ''Mandäische Liturgien''
(1925)
An incantation bowl
;Mandaean Network texts

(Mandaic text from the Mandaean Network)

(Mandaic text from the Mandaean Network) ;Digital Bodleian
Photographed scroll
(DC 6, ''

Alf Trisar Šuialia ''The Thousand and Twelve Questions'' ( ; Modern Mandaic: ''Alf Tressar Ešyāli'') is a Mandaean religious text. The ''1012 Questions'' is one of the most detailed texts on Mandaean priestly rituals. It is kept by Mandaean priests in the shkint ...

'')
Photographed scroll
(DC 8, ''

'')
Photographed scroll
(DC 35, ''

Diwan Maṣbuta ḏ-Hibil Ziwa ''The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa'' or ''Diwan Maṣbuta ḏ-Hibil Ziwa'' (, "Scroll of the Baptism of Hibil Ziwa") is a Mandaean illustrated scroll. It describes the soteriological descent of Hibil Ziwa to the World of Darkness, and his baptisms befo ...

'')
Photographed scroll
(DC 41, ''

'') {{DEFAULTSORT:Mandaic manuscripts Literature by ethnicity Literature by language Religious bibliographies Bodleian Library collection Lists of manuscripts Mandaeism-related lists