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Masiqta
The masiqta () is a mass or ritual practiced in the Mandaean religion in order to help guide the soul ('' nišimta'') towards the World of Light in Mandaean cosmology. They are typically performed as funerary rites for Mandaeans who have just died. Although usually translated as "death mass", a few types of ''masiqta'' are also performed for living people, such as when priests are ordained. Masiqtas are also used to consecrate houses of worship ('' bit manda''). Purpose The complex ritual involves guiding the soul through the '' maṭarta'', or toll houses located between the Earth ( Tibil) and the World of Light, which are guarded by various uthras and demons. A successful masiqta merges the incarnate soul ( ; roughly equivalent to the '' psyche'' or " ego" in Greek philosophy) and spirit ( ; roughly equivalent to the ''pneuma'' or "breath" in Greek philosophy) from the Earth ( Tibil) into a new merged entity in the World of Light called the ''ʿuṣṭuna''. The ''ʿuṣṭun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scroll Of The Ancestors
The ''Scroll of the Ancestors'' ( ) is a Mandaean religious text that describes the rituals of the Ṭabahata (ancestors') masiqta, held during the 5-day Parwanaya festival. Manuscripts Copies of the scroll include Manuscript 42 of the Drower Collection (DC 42), currently held at the Bodleian Library. The scroll was originally transcribed in 1743 and has 834 lines. It is similar to Prayer 170 of the Qulasta, but some names are different. DC 42 verso, copied at Basra in 1248 A.H. (1832–3 A.D.), contains six texts: *''Šarḥ ḏ-ahaba ḏ-mania b-iuma ḏ- paruanaiia'' *''Aprišata ḏ-ahaba ḏ-mania'' *''Šarḥ ḏ-ahaba ḏ-mania ḏ-tarmida ʿu ganzibra kḏ napiq'' *''Šarḥ ḏ-ṭabahata qria b-šuma ḏ-gabrauʿnta'' *''Šarḥ ḏ-dukrana ḏ-šumaiia'' *''Šarḥ ḏ- zidqa brika ḏ- paruanaiia'' Ṭabahata Masiqta The Ṭabahata Masiqta, or the "masiqta of the Parents", is held only once a year during the Parwanaya intercalary festival. Priests recite dozen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faṭira
In Mandaeism, faṭira (; plural form: ''faṭiri''Drower, Ethel Stefana. 1937. ''The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran''. Oxford At The Clarendon Press.) is a small, round, saltless, half-baked biscuit. Faṭiras are used in rituals such as the Ṭabahata Masiqta, or the "masiqta of the Parents," during which they are served in ritual clay trays called ''ṭariana''. The faṭira, which is saltless, is distinct from another type of sacramental bread known as the ''pihta'', which contains salt to symbolize the souls of living people when used for living celebrants, but is saltless like the faṭira when used during masiqta (death mass) rituals. The ''qina'' is a pile of faṭiras where ritual food morsels are placed for use in masiqta rituals. The '' ṣa'' (), a rolled-up piece of sacramental flatbread that contains nuts and raisins, is also used in ritual meals for the dead and has a phallic symbolism. It is rolled up like a scroll. See also *Sacramental bread *Pihta In Mandaeism, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nišimta
In Mandaeism, the nishimta ( ; plural: ) or nishma ( ) is the human soul. It is can also be considered as equivalent to the " psyche" or " ego". It is distinct from '' ruha'' ('spirit'), as well as from ''mana'' ('nous'). In Mandaeism, humans are considered to be made up of the physical body (''pagra''), soul (''nišimta''), and spirit ('' ruha''). In the afterlife When a Mandaean person dies, priests perform elaborate death rituals or death masses called ''masiqta'' in order to help guide the soul ('' nišimta'') towards the World of Light. In order to pass from Tibil (Earth) to the World of Light, the soul must go through multiple '' maṭarta'' (watch-stations, toll-stations, or purgatories; see also Arcs of Descent and Ascent and araf (Islam)) before finally being reunited with the ''dmuta'', the soul's heavenly counterpart. A successful masiqta merges the incarnate soul ( ; roughly equivalent to the '' psyche'' or " ego" in Greek philosophy) and spirit ( ; roughly equiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Thousand And Twelve Questions
''The Thousand and Twelve Questions'' ( ; Modern Mandaic: ''Alf Tressar Ešyāli'') is a Mandaean religious text. The ''1012 Questions'' is one of the most detailed texts on Mandaean priestly rituals. It is kept by Mandaean priests in the shkinta during certain rituals. The text contains detailed commentaries on Mandaean religious rituals, such as death masses ('' masiqta'') to help guide souls into the World of Light, and the Mandaean wedding ceremony. It is written as a scroll. A detailed overview of the contents can be found in Drower (1941). Manuscripts and translations An English translation of the text was published by E. S. Drower in 1960, which was based on manuscript 36 of the Drower Collection (abbreviated DC 36). DC 6 is an incomplete manuscript of ''The Thousand and Twelve Questions'' in the Drower Collection missing books 1 and 2, but DC 36 is the complete version with all 7 books included. Manuscripts from the Rbai Rafid Collection (RRC) that correspond to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dehwa Rabba
Dehwa Rabba () or Nauruz Rabba (, 'Great New Year') is the Mandaean New Year. It is the first day of Daula (or Dowla), the first month of the Mandaean calendar. Kanshiy u-Zahly ''Kanshī u-Zahli'' or ''Kanshiy u-Zahly'' () is the day preceding Dehwa Rabba, or New Year's Eve. It is the 30th day of Gadia, the twelfth month (i.e., the last day of the Mandaean year). On Kanshiy u-Zahly, Mandaeans do not work as it is a holy day. Mandaean priests spend the entire day performing prayers and masbuta until the afternoon, and also animals are slaughtered for consumption. Before the sun sets, Mandaeans prepare food for the following day of Dehwa Rabba and also perform ''ṭmasha'', or ritual immersion in water that does not require the assistance of a priest. 36 hours of seclusion At sunset, once the North Star appears in the sky, Mandaeans must stay inside their homes with their families for 36 hours. No one is permitted to go outside their homes during these 36 hours, since Mandaeans b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shitil
In Mandaeism, Shitil () is an uthra (angel or guardian) from the World of Light. Shitil is considered to be the Mandaean equivalent of Seth. Prayers in the Qulasta frequently contain the recurring formula, "In the name of Hibil, Šitil, and Anuš" ( ). Overview According to the Mandaean scriptures, including the Qulasta, the Book of John and Genzā Rabbā, the angelic soteriological figure Shitil is a son of Adam Qadmayya ("the first Adam") who taught John the Baptist with his brothers Anush (Enosh) and Hibil Ziwa (Abel). He is variously spoken of as a son of Adam, a brother or son ote: this is book 10 in some other editions./ref> of Hibil, and the brother or father of Anush. Sheetil is one of the revealers of Mandaeism, identified as the biblical Seth. The '' Left Ginza'' mentions that Shitil was taken alive to the World of Light without a masiqta (death mass). See also * List of angels in theology * Setheus In Gnosticism, Setheus is one of the great celestial po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klila
In Mandaeism, the klila () is a small Myrtus, myrtle () wreath or ring (translated as "circlet" by E. S. Drower) used during Mandaean religious rituals. The klila is a female symbol that complements the ''taga (Mandaeism), taga'', a white crown which always takes on masculine symbolism.Drower, Ethel Stefana (1937). ''The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran''. Oxford at the Clarendon Press. The ''klila'' is used to adorn the drabsha, a wooden cross covered with a white cloth that is the main symbol of Mandaeism. Description The klila that is used for wearing on the right little finger is made by splitting a young myrtle twig with leaves in half, and then intertwining the two split halves to make a ring that can fit around the finger. Use in rituals The ''klila'' is used during most Mandaean rituals, including masbuta, masiqta, and priest initiation rituals. In the ''Qulasta'' Several prayers in the ''Qulasta'' are recited when consecrating and putting on the ''klila'', including prayers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandaeism
Mandaeism (Mandaic language, Classical Mandaic: ),https://qadaha.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/nhura-dictionary-mandaic-english-mandaic.pdf sometimes also known as Nasoraeanism or Sabianism, is a Gnosticism, Gnostic, Monotheism, monotheistic and ethnic religion with Ancient Greek religion, Greek, Iranian religions, Iranian, and Judaism, Jewish influences. Its adherents, the Mandaeans, revere Adam#In Mandaeism, Adam, Abel#Mandaean interpretation, Abel, Seth#Mandaeism, Seth, Enos (biblical figure)#In Mandaeism, Enos, Noah#Mandaeism, Noah, Shem#In Mandaeism, Shem, Aram, son of Shem, Aram, and especially John the Baptist#Mandaeism, John the Baptist. Mandaeans consider Adam, Seth, Noah, Shem, and John the Baptist prophets, with Adam being the founder of the religion and John being the greatest and Last prophet, final prophet. The Mandaeans speak an Eastern Aramaic languages, Eastern Aramaic language known as Mandaic language, Mandaic. The name 'Mandaean' comes from th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmuta
In Mandaeism, a dmuta () or dmut is a spiritual counterpart or "mirror image" in the World of Light. People, spirits, and places are often considered to have both earthly and heavenly counterparts (''dmuta'') that can dynamically interact with each other. A few examples include: *The heavenly Adam Kasia corresponding to the earthly Adam Pagria *The heavenly Piriawis (or "Great Jordan") corresponding to earthly ''yardnas'' (rivers) * Abatur Rama ("Lofty Abatur") corresponding to Abatur Muzania ("Abatur of the Scales") A dmuta dwells in the Mshunia Kushta, a section of the World of Light. Merging of the soul A successful masiqta merges the incarnate soul ( ) and spirit ( ) from the Earth ( Tibil) into a new merged entity in the World of Light called the ''ʿuṣṭuna''. The ''ʿuṣṭuna'' can then reunite with its heavenly, non-incarnate counterpart (or spiritual image), the ''dmuta'', in the World of Light, where it will reside in the world of ideal counterparts called the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanshiy U-Zahly
Dehwa Rabba () or Nauruz Rabba (, 'Great New Year') is the Mandaean New Year. It is the first day of Daula (or Dowla), the first month of the Mandaean calendar. Kanshiy u-Zahly ''Kanshī u-Zahli'' or ''Kanshiy u-Zahly'' () is the day preceding Dehwa Rabba, or New Year's Eve. It is the 30th day of Gadia, the twelfth month (i.e., the last day of the Mandaean year). On Kanshiy u-Zahly, Mandaeans do not work as it is a holy day. Mandaean priests spend the entire day performing prayers and masbuta until the afternoon, and also animals are slaughtered for consumption. Before the sun sets, Mandaeans prepare food for the following day of Dehwa Rabba and also perform ''ṭmasha'', or ritual immersion in water that does not require the assistance of a priest. 36 hours of seclusion At sunset, once the North Star appears in the sky, Mandaeans must stay inside their homes with their families for 36 hours. No one is permitted to go outside their homes during these 36 hours, since Mandaeans b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myrtus
''Myrtus'' (commonly called myrtle) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae. It was first described by Swedish botanist Linnaeus in 1753. Over 600 names have been proposed in the genus, but nearly all have either been moved to other genera or been regarded as synonyms. The genus ''Myrtus'' has three species recognised today: *'' Myrtus communis'' – Common myrtle; native to the Mediterranean region in southern Europe *''Myrtus nivellei'' – Saharan myrtle; native to North Africa *'' Myrtus phyllireaefolia'' Description Common myrtle '' Myrtus communis'', the "common myrtle", is native across the Mediterranean region, Macaronesia, western Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. It is also cultivated. The plant is an evergreen shrub or small tree, growing to tall. The leaf is entire, 3–5 cm long, with a fragrant essential oil. The star-like flower has five petals and sepals, and numerous stamens. Petals usually are white. The flower is pollinated by i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
