This is a list of the monarchs of Armenia, rulers of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia (336 BC – AD 428), the medieval Kingdom of Armenia (884–1045), various lesser Armenian kingdoms (908–1170), and finally the

Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, also known as Cilician Armenia, Lesser Armenia, Little Armenia or New Armenia, and formerly known as the Armenian Principality of Cilicia, was an Armenian state formed during the High Middle Ages by Armenian ...

(1198–1375). The list also includes prominent vassal princes and lords who ruled during times without an Armenian kingdom, as well as later claimants to the position.

Ancient Armenia (521 BC – AD 428)

Early satraps (521–401 BC)

* Hydarnes I, satrap in the late 6th century BC?, granted Armenia by the

Achaemenid The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (; , , ), was an Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC. Based in modern-day Iran, it was the large ...

king

Darius I Darius I ( ; – 486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was the third King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 522 BCE until his death in 486 BCE. He ruled the empire at its territorial peak, when it included much of West A ...

as a semi-hereditary

satrapy A satrap () was a governor of the provinces of the ancient Median and Persian (Achaemenid) Empires and in several of their successors, such as in the Sasanian Empire and the Hellenistic empires. A satrapy is the territory governed by a satrap. ...

* Hydarnes II, satrap in the early 5th century BC? * Hydarnes III, satrap in the middle of the 5th century BC * Terituchmes, satrap in the second half of the 5th century BC

Orontid dynasty (401–200 BC)

Artaxiad dynasty (200 BC–AD 2)

Non-dynastic rulers (2–61)

The first century AD was a time of intense conflict between the

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...

and

Parthian Parthian may refer to: Historical * Parthian people * A demonym "of Parthia", a region of north-eastern of Greater Iran * Parthian Empire (247 BC – 224 AD) * Parthian language, a now-extinct Middle Iranian language * Parthian shot, an archery sk ...

empires. In Armenia, this resulted in rapid appointments and depositions of Armenian client kings by both sides. * Ariobarzanes, 2–4, a

Median The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a Sample (statistics), data sample, a statistical population, population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as the “ ...

prince and matrilineal descendant of Tigranes II * Artavasdes IV, 4–6, son of Ariobarzanes *

Tigranes V Tigranes V, also known as Tigran V (, 16 BC – 36 AD) was a Herodian prince who ruled as a Roman client king of Armenia from 6 AD to 12 AD. Family and life in the Herodian court Tigranes was the first-born son of Alexander and Glaphyra. His you ...

, 6–12, a

Herodian Herodian or Herodianus () of Syria, sometimes referred to as "Herodian of Antioch" (c. 170 – c. 240), was a minor Roman civil servant who wrote a colourful history in Greek titled ''History of the Empire from the Death of Marcus'' (τῆς με ...

prince * Vonones, 12–18, former king of the Parthian Empire *

Artaxias III Artaxias III, also known as Zeno-Artaxias, (, 13 BC–34 AD) was a Pontic prince and later a Roman Client King of Armenia. Artaxias birth name was Zenon (). He was the first son and child born to Roman Client Rulers Polemon Pythodoros and P ...

, 18–34, a

Pontic Pontic, from the Greek ''pontos'' (, ), or "sea", may refer to: The Black Sea Places * The Pontic colonies, on its northern shores * Pontus (region), a region on its southern shores * The Pontic–Caspian steppe, steppelands stretching from nor ...

prince *

Arsaces Arsaces or Arsakes (, , Graecized form of Old Persian ) is the eponymous Greek form of the dynastic name of the Parthian Empire of Iran adopted by all epigraphically attested rulers of the Parthian Empire, Arsacid dynasties. The indigenous Parthian ...

(''Arshak I''), 34–35, son of the Parthian king Artabanus II *

Mithridates Mithridates or Mithradates (Old Persian 𐎷𐎡𐎰𐎼𐎭𐎠𐎫 ''Miθradāta'') is the Hellenistic period, Hellenistic form of an Iranian languages, Iranian theophoric name, meaning "given by Mithra". Its Modern Persian form is Mehrdad. It ...

(first reign), 35–37, brother of the Iberian king

Pharasmanes I Pharasmanes I the Great ( ka, ფარსმან I დიდი; died 58) was a king ('' mepe'') of Iberia. He plays a prominent role in the historian Tacitus' account of policy and campaigns in the eastern lands of the Roman Empire under Tiber ...

* Orodes, 37–41, son of the Parthian king Artabanus II * Mithridates (second reign), 41–52 *

Rhadamistus Rhadamistus (died 58) was a royal prince of the Pharnavazid dynasty of the Iberia who reigned over the Kingdom of Armenia from 51 to 53 and 54 to 55. He was considered a usurper and tyrant, who was overthrown in a rebellion supported by the Part ...

, 52–54, son of the Iberian king Pharasmanes I * Tiridates I (first reign), 54–58, son of the Parthian king

Vonones II Vonones II (died 51 AD) was a Parthian prince who ruled as king of Media Atropatene and briefly as king of the Parthian Empire. Vonones was not from the ruling branch of the Arsacid royal family. His father has been variously identified as bein ...

Tigranes VI Tigranes VI, also known as Tigran VI or by his Roman name Gaius Julius Tigranes (, before 25 – after 68) was a Herodian prince and served as a Roman client king of Armenia in the 1st century. He was the child born to Alexander by an unnamed ...

, 51–61/62, nephew of Tigranes V

Arsacid dynasty (61–428)

* Tiridates I (second reign), c. 61/66–c. 75/88 *

Sanatruk Sanatruk ( Latinized as ''Sanatruces'') was a member of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia who succeeded Tiridates I of Armenia as King of Armenia at the end of the 1st century. He was also King of Osroene (reigned 91–109), a historic kingdom lo ...

, c. 75/88–c. 110, son of Tiridates I? *

Axidares Axidares or Ashkhadar also known as Exedares or Exedates (flourished second half of the 1st century & first half of the 2nd century, died 113) was a Parthian prince who served as a Roman client king of Armenia. Axidares was one of the three so ...

, c. 110–c. 112, son of the Parthian king

Pacorus II Pacorus II (also spelled Pakoros II; ) was the King of Kings of the Parthian Empire from 78 to 110. He was the son and successor of Vologases I (). During the latter part of his father's reign, Pacorus ruled the Parthian Empire along with him. ...

* Parthamasiris, c. 112–c. 114, son of the Parthian king Pacorus II ** ''Interregnum'' 114–117: Armenia is temporarily incorporated as a province of the Roman Empire *

Vologases I Vologases I ( ''Walagash'') was the King of Kings of the Parthian Empire from 51 to 78. He was the son and successor of Vonones II (r. 51). He was succeeded by his younger son Pacorus II, who continued his policies. Name Vologases is the Gree ...

, 117–144, son of Sanatruk * Sohaemus (first reign), 144–160, a Roman consul with Arsacid and

heritage * Aurelius Pacorus, 160–163, son of the Parthian king

Vologases IV Vologases IV ( ''Walagash'') was King of Kings of the Parthian Empire from 147 to 191. He was the son of Mithridates V (). Vologases spent the early years of his reign re-asserting Parthian control over the Kingdom of Characene. From 161 to 166 ...

* Sohaemus (second reign), 164–c. 180 * Vologases II, c. 180–190, son of the Parthian king Vologases IV, later ruled Parthia (as Vologases V) 190–208 *

Khosrov I Khosrov I (; fl. second half 2nd c. - first half 3rd c., died 217) was a Parthian prince who served as a Roman client king of Armenia. Khosrov I was one of the sons born to King Vologases II of Armenia (Vagharsh II) who is also known as Vologas ...

, c. 190–214/216, son of Vologases II * Tiridates II, 217–252, son of Khosrov I *

Hormizd-Ardashir Ahvaz (; ) is a city in the Central District of Ahvaz County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of the province, the county, and the district. It is home to Persians, Arabs and other groups such as Qashqai and Kurds. Languages spoke ...

, 252/253– c. 270, son of the Sasanian king Shapur I; made king of Armenia by his father after the Sasanians conquered the kingdom, later king of the Sasanian Empire (as Hormizd I) *

Narseh Narseh (also spelled Narses or Narseus; ) was the seventh King of Kings of Sasanian Iran from 293 to 303. The youngest son of Shapur I (), Narseh served as the governor of Sakastan, Hind and Turan under his father. Shapur I was eventually s ...

, c. 270–293, brother of Hormizd-Ardashir, later king of the Sasanian Empire * Khosrov II, 279/280–287 (in western Armenia), son of Tiridates II?, enthroned by the Romans after Narseh ceded parts of western Armenia to Emperor

Probus Probus may refer to: People * Marcus Valerius Probus (c. 20/30–105 AD), Roman grammarian * Marcus Pomponius Maecius Probus, consul in 228 * Probus (emperor), Roman Emperor (276–282) * Probus of Byzantium (–306), Bishop of Byzantium from 293 t ...

*Tiridates (III), 287–298, brother of Khosrov II, initially king of only western Armenia but later granted the rest of the kingdom after Narseh became king of the Sasanian Empire * Tiridates III (or IV) "the Great", 298–330, son of Khosrov II * Khosrov III "the Small", 330–338, son of Tiridates III **

Sanesan Sanesan () or Sanatruk () was the king of Maskut in the early 4th century. Sanesan's people, the Mazk'kut'k, have variously been identified as the Massagetae or as the Meskheti. Life According to both Faustus Byuzand and Moses of Chorene, when ...

, a Sasanian-backed usurper belonging to the Arsacid dynasty, held much of Armenia for about a year in circa 336. **

Hannibalianus __NOTOC__ Flavius Hannibalianus (also Hanniballianus; died September 337) was a member of the Constantinian dynasty, which ruled over the Roman Empire in the 4th century. Hannibalianus was the son of Flavius Dalmatius, and thus nephew of Constant ...

, son of Roman emperor

Constantine I Constantine I (27 February 27222 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was a Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337 and the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity. He played a Constantine the Great and Christianity, pivotal ro ...

, was nominated by the Romans as king of Armenia in 335/336 but died in 337 without Khosrov III having been displaced. * Tiran (''Tigranes VII''), 338–350, son of Khosrov III *

Arshak II Arshak II (flourished 4th century, died 369 or 370), also written as Arsaces II, was an Arsacid prince who was King of Armenia from 350 (338/339 according to some scholars) until . Although Arshak's reign opened with a period of peace and stabil ...

, 350–368, son of Tiran * Pap, 368–374, son of Arshak II *

Varazdat Varazdat (; flourished 4th century) was the king of Arsacid Armenia from 374/375 until 378. He was installed on the throne by the Roman emperor Valens after the assassination of his kinsman King Pap. Name The name Varazdat derives from Middl ...

, 374–378, nephew of Pap (perhaps son of Pap's younger brother, Tiridates) *

Arshak III Arshak III, also known as Arsaces III or Arsak III (flourished 4th century) was an Arsacid prince who served as a Roman client king of Armenia from 378 until 387. Arshak III is often known as the last serving Roman client king of Armenia. During ...

, c. 378–387 and Vologases III, c. 378–386, sons of Pap In 384, the Sasanian Empire appointed Khosrov IV as Armenian king, in opposition to the Roman-supported Arshak III. This resulted in Armenia becoming informally divided under the two kings. In 387, the division was made formal through an agreement between the Roman emperor

Theodosius I Theodosius I ( ; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also known as Theodosius the Great, was Roman emperor from 379 to 395. He won two civil wars and was instrumental in establishing the Nicene Creed as the orthodox doctrine for Nicene C ...

and Sasanian king

Shapur III Shahpur, Shapur, Shahpoor, or Shahapur () may refer to: People * Shapur (name), Persian given name and a list of people with the name Places India Bihar * Shahpur, Bihar, a city in Bhojpur district ** Shahpur, Bihar Assembly constit ...

. The agreement saw Armenia be partitioned into a western (under Roman influence) and an eastern (under Sasanian influence) kingdom.

Western Armenia (387–389)

* Arshak III, 387–c. 389, former king of all of Armenia Upon the death of Arshak III in 389, Emperor Theodosius I chose to not appoint another king, ending the western kingdom. Arshak's lands were instead incorporated into the Roman Empire.

Eastern Armenia (384–428)

* Khosrov IV, 384–389, son of Varazdat? *

Vramshapuh Vramshapuh () was a noble of the Arsacid dynasty who served as the Sasanian client king of Armenia from 389 until his death in 414. He is mainly remembered for presiding over the creation of the Armenian alphabet by Mesrop Mashtots. Name The nam ...

, 389/401–417, son of Varazdat? * Khosrov V, 417–418, possibly the same person as Khosrov IV *

Shapur Shahpur, Shapur, Shahpoor, or Shahapur () may refer to: People * Shapur (name), Persian given name and a list of people with the name Places India Bihar * Shahpur, Bihar, a city in Bhojpur district ** Shahpur, Bihar Assembly constitue ...

, 418–422, son of the Sasanian king

Yazdegerd I Yazdegerd I (also spelled Yazdgerd and Yazdgird; ) was the Sasanian King of Kings () of Iran from 399 to 420. A son of Shapur III (), he succeeded his brother Bahram IV () after the latter's assassination. Yazdegerd I's largely-uneventful reig ...

, later king of the Sasanian Empire (as Shapur IV) *

Artaxias IV Artaxias IV or Artashir IV () was a prince who served as a Sasanid client king of eastern Armenia from 422 until 428. Artaxias IV was the last Arsacid king of Armenia and the last person to hold the crown of the ancient Armenian Kingdom. Fami ...

, 422–428, son of Vramshapuh In 428, the Sasanian king

Bahram V Bahram V (also spelled Wahram V or Warahran V; ), also known as Bahram Gur (New Persian: , "Bahram the onager unter), was the Sasanian Empire, Sasanian King of Kings (''shahanshah'') from 420 to 438. The son of the incumbent Sasanian shah Ya ...

deposed Artaxias IV, with the permission of the Armenian nobility, and annexed his lands into the Sasanian Empire.

Vassal lords and princes (428–884)

''Marzbāns'' in Sasanian Armenia (428–646)

The Sasanian-ruled Armenian territories were after 428 placed under the rule of an official with the title ''

marzbān Marzbān, or Marzpān (Middle Persian: 𐭬𐭫𐭱𐭰𐭠𐭭𐭯 transliteration: mrzwpn, derived from Middle Persian: 𐭬𐭫𐭱 ''marz'' "border, boundary" and the Middle Persian suffix: 𐭡𐭭𐭯 ''-pān'' "guardian"; Modern Persian: ...

'' (governor-general or viceroy). The first ''marzbān'', appointed by Bahram V, was the military officer

Veh Mihr Shapur Veh Mihr Shapur (died 442) was a Sasanian military officer and the first Marzban of Armenia Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and ...

. The list of ''marzbān''s is not entirely contiguous. This is due to gaps in the historical record as well as there having been periods without any appointed ''marzbān''s. It was relatively common for the office to be vacant since the Sasanian Empire periodically tried to assert more direct control. *

, ''marzbān'' 428–442, Sasanian military officer *

Vasak Siwni Vasak Siwni (; d. 452) was an Armenian prince, who was the lord of the principality of Syunik from 413 to 452, and also served as ''marzban'' (margrave) of Sasanian Armenia from 442 to 452. He renounced Christianity and joined the Sasanian forces ...

, ''marzbān'' c. 442–451, Armenian noble *

Sahak II Bagratuni Sahak II Bagratuni (Armenian: Սահակ Բ Բագրատունի), was an Armenian nobleman from the Bagratuni dynasty. He served as the marzban of Persian Armenia briefly in 482. Biography Sahak II was the son of Tirots I Bagratuni, an Armenian ' ...

, insurgent ''marzbān'' 482–483, Armenian noble *

Vahan I Mamikonian Vahan Mamikonian (; 440/445503/510) was an Armenian nobleman from the Mamikonian family. In 481 he rebelled against the Sasanian Empire that controlled the eastern part of Armenia known as Persian Armenia. He was appointed as ''marzban'' (governor ...

, autonomous ''marzbān'' 485–505/510, Armenian noble *

Vard Mamikonian Vard Mamikonian (Armenian: Վարդ Մամիկոնյան) was an Armenian nobleman from the Mamikonian family. He served as the marzban of Persian Armenia from 505/510 to 509/514. Biography Vard Mamikonian was the third son of Hmayeak Mamikon ...

, autonomous ''marzbān'' 505/510–509/514, Armenian noble *

Mjej I Gnuni Mjej I Gnuni () was an Armenian nobleman from the Gnuni family who served as the ''marzban'' of Persian Armenia from 518 to 548. Between 515 and 516, several Hunnic tribes made incursions into Armenia. Mjej then decided to organize a countera ...

, ''marzbān'' 518–548, Armenian noble * Philip Siwni, ''marzbān'' 574–576, Armenian noble *

Mushegh II Mamikonian Mushegh II Mamikonian (Armenian: Մուշեղ Բ Մամիկոնյան) was an Armenian nobleman from the Mamikonian family. During his later life he was nominated as Marzban of Persian Armenia, ruling briefly in 591. Biography In 590, the Sasan ...

, ''marzbān'' 591?, Armenian noble *

Varaztirots II Bagratuni Varaztirots II Bagratuni (; c. 590 – 645) was an Armenian ''nakharar'' from the Bagratuni family, the son of Smbat IV Bagratuni. He was ''marzpan'' of Armenia c. 628, fled to the Byzantine Empire soon thereafter and was exiled for several yea ...

, ''marzbān'' 628 – after 631, Armenian noble

Presiding princes of Armenia (628–884)

In the sixth century, the Byzantine Empire established the position of presiding prince of Armenia (formally "prince of the Armenians"). This office was created in an attempt to legitimize a local vassal leader with Byzantine backing and counteract Sasanian efforts in the region. During later centuries, the princes often wavered in allegiance between Byzantium and the Islamic Caliphates, who competed over influence in the region. The princes were most often autonomous tributary vassals. The earliest known presiding prince of Armenia is

Mjej II Gnuni Mzhezh or Mjej Gnuni (, ''Mžēž Gnuni''), was an Armenian sparapet of Byzantine Armenia. Initially serving under Heraclius, the contingent of Armenian troops under his command were instrumental in the Byzantine success against the Sassanids dur ...

, appointed by the Byzantines in the early seventh century. *

, 628–635 (for the Byzantine Empire) *

David Saharuni David Saharuni (, ''Davit' Saharuni'') was ''sparapet'', ''curopalates'', '' ishkhan'', and presiding prince of Byzantine-controlled Armenia from 635 to 638. In an unprecedented move, his remit also included Byzantine-controlled Syria, which was li ...

, 635–638 (for the Byzantine Empire) *

Theodore Rshtuni Theodore or Theodoros Rshtuni (, ; AD 590–655 or 656), equated with Pasagnathes (), the "''patrikios'' of the Armenians" from the chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor,

(first time), 638–c. 645 (for the Byzantine Empire) *

, c. 645 (for the Byzantine Empire) * Theodore Rshtuni (second time), 645–653 (for the Byzantine Empire), 653–655 (for the Rashidun Caliphate) * Mushegh IV Mamikonian, 654 (for the Byzantine Empire) * Hamazasp Mamikonian, 655–657 (for the Rashidun Caliphate), 657–658 (for the Byzantine Empire) *

Grigor I Mamikonian Grigor I Mamikonian () was the presiding prince of Armenia in 662–685, when the country was under Arab domination. Grigor had been taken prisoner by the Arab governor of Syria, Mu'awiya, along with other Armenian nobles in 654/55, and was kept ...

, 662–684/685 (for the Umayyad Caliphate) *

Ashot II Bagratuni Ashot II Bagratuni () was the presiding prince of medieval Armenia, Armenia in 685–690, when the country was contested between the Byzantine Empire and the Umayyad Caliphate. Ashot Bagratuni's father was named Biurat or Smbat. Ashot became presi ...

, 686–689/690 (for the Umayyad Caliphate) * Nerseh Kamsarakan, 689/690–691 (for the Byzantine Empire) *

Smbat VI Bagratuni Smbat VI Bagratuni (ca. 670 – 726) was a member of the Bagratuni family who was presiding prince of Armenia with interruptions from 691 to the 710s. During his reign, he frequently shifted alliances between the Byzantines, who gave him the title ...

, 691–697; 700–711 (for the Byzantine Empire), 697–700 (for the Umayyad Caliphate) *

Ashot III Bagratuni Ashot III Bagratuni also known as Ashot the Blind () ( – 762) was an Armenian noble and member of the Bagratuni family who was presiding prince of Armenia as '' ishkhan'' from 732 to 748. He was the nephew of Smbat VI Bagratuni. He won the f ...

"the Blind", 732–748 (for the Umayyad Caliphate) * Grigor II Mamikonian, 748–750 (for the Umayyad Caliphate) *

Mushegh VI Mamikonian Mushegh VI Mamikonian (; died 25 April 775) was an Armenian noble of the Mamikonian family. He served as presiding prince of Arab-ruled Armenia in 748–753, and later participated in the Armenian rebellion of 774–775 against the Abbasid Caliphat ...

, c. 750; head of insurgent members of the nobility *

Sahak III Bagratuni Sahak III Bagratuni was an Armenian noble of the Bagratuni (Bagratid) family. He served as presiding prince of Armenia under Abbasid rule in 754–761. He was succeeded by Smbat VII Bagratuni Smbat VII Bagratuni (; died 25 April 775) was an ...

, c. 755–761 (for the Abbasid Caliphate) *

Smbat VII Bagratuni Smbat VII Bagratuni (; died 25 April 775) was an Armenian noble of the Bagratuni (Bagratid) family. He and his brother Vasak were the sons of Ashot III Bagratuni. He served as presiding prince of Armenia in 761–775, playing a leading role i ...

, 761–772 (for the Abbasid Caliphate) * Tatzates Andzevatsi, 780–782/785 (for the Abbasid Caliphate) * Ashot IV Bagratuni "the Carnivorous", 806–826 (for the Abbasid Caliphate) * Smbat VIII Bagratuni "the Confessor", 826–855 (for the Abbasid Caliphate) *

Bagrat II Bagratuni Bagrat II Bagratuni (, Arabic: ''Buqrāṭ ibn Ashūṭ''; died after 851) was an Armenian noble of the Bagratid (Bagratuni) family and the presiding prince ("prince of princes") of Arab-ruled Armenia between 830 and 851. He succeeded his father, ...

, "Prince of Princes" 830–852 (for the Abbasid Caliphate) * Ashot V Bagratuni "the Great", 856–884 (for the Abbasid Caliphate); "Prince of Princes" in 856 and king in 884

Restored kingdom (884–1045)

Bagratuni dynasty (884–1045)

After more than four centuries of dormancy, the Armenian kingdom was restored under the

Bagratuni dynasty The Bagratuni or Bagratid dynasty (, ) was an Armenian royal dynasty which ruled the medieval Kingdom of Armenia from until 1045. Originating as vassals of the Kingdom of Armenia of antiquity, they rose to become the most prominent Armenian n ...

, from which several presiding princes had hailed. The

Abbasid The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (; ) was the third caliphate to succeed the prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 C ...

caliphs were prominent supporters of the Bagratuni princes gaining power over other Armenian nobles due to fears of Byzantine influence in the region. In 884, Prince Ashot V Bagratuni was crowned king (as Ashot I) by his peers. Ashot's new position was recognised by both the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid Caliphate; Emperor

Basil I Basil I, nicknamed "the Macedonian" (; 811 – 29 August 886), was List of Byzantine emperors, Byzantine emperor from 867 to 886. Born to a peasant family in Macedonia (theme), Macedonia, he rose to prominence in the imperial court after gainin ...

and Caliph

Al-Mu'tamid Abu’l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Al-Mutawakkil, Jaʿfar ibn al-Mu'tasim, Muḥammad ibn Harun al-Rashid, Hārūn al-Muʿtamid ʿalā’Llāh (; – 14 October 892), better known by his regnal name al-Muʿtamid ʿalā 'llāh (, 'Dependent on God'), ...

each sent him a royal crown. * Ashot I "the Great", 884–890, previously prince *

Smbat I Smbat I (; 850–912/14), sometimes Smbat A Martyr () was the second king of the medieval Kingdom of Armenia of the Bagratuni dynasty, and son of Ashot I. He is the father of Ashot II (known as Ashot Yerkat) and Abas I. Rule Smbat I was cro ...

"the Martyr", 890–913, son of Ashot I *

Ashot II Ashot II the Iron (; died 929) was king of Bagratid Armenia from 914 to 929. He was the son and successor of King Smbat I. His reign was filled with rebellions by vassals and pretenders to the throne, as well as foreign invasions, which Ashot fo ...

"the Iron", 914–928, son of Smbat I ** Ashot of Bagaran, c. 915–920; usurper installed by

Yusuf Ibn Abi'l-Saj Yusuf ibn Abi'l Saj (died, d. 928) was the Sajids, Sajid Emir of Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan from 901 until his death. He was the son of Abi'l-Saj Devdad. War with Armenians and Georgians Yusuf came to power in 901 by overthrowing his nephew, ...

* Abas I, 928–953, son of Smbat I *

Ashot III Ashot III () was a king of Armenia, ruling the medieval kingdom of Bagratid Armenia from 952/53–77. Known as Ashot III the Merciful (Աշոտ Գ Ողորմած) and acknowledged by foreign rulers as the ''Shahanshah'' (king of kings) of ''Me ...

"the Merciful", 953–977, son of Abas I *

Smbat II Smbat II () reigned as King of Armenia from 977 to 989. He was of the Bagratuni line of kings, and the son of Ashot III, whom he succeeded. Life Smbat was crowned king on the same day of his father's death. He ruled from the city of Ani, which ...

"the Conqueror", 977–989, son of Ashot III *

Gagik I Gagik I () was a Bagratid king of Armenia who reigned between 989 and 1020, under whom Bagratid Armenia reached its height and enjoyed a period of uninterrupted peace and prosperity. Rule It is unknown when Gagik I was born. He succeeded his br ...

, 989–1017/1020, son of Ashot III * Hovhannes-Smbat III, 1017/1020–1040/1041 (in

Ani Ani (; ; ) is a ruined medieval Armenian city now situated in Turkey's province of Kars, next to the closed border with Armenia. Between 961 and 1045, it was the capital of the Bagratid Armenian kingdom that covered much of present-day Armen ...

), son of Gagik I *

Ashot IV Ashot IV (, died c. 1040–41), surnamed Kaj (), i.e. "the Brave, the Valiant", was the younger son of King Gagik I of Armenia. Life When his eldest brother Hovhannes-Smbat (known also as Smbat III) was enthroned as King of Armenia as the legal ...

"the Valiant", 1017/1020–1040/1041 (in

Talin Talin may refer to: Places * Talin, Armenia, a city * Tálín, a municipality and village in the Czech Republic *Tallinn, capital of Estonia * Talin, Iran, a village in West Azerbaijan Province * Talin, Syria, a village in Tartus Governorate Other ...

), son of Gagik I *

Gagik II Gagik II (; c. 1025 - May 5/November 24, 1079) was the last Armenian king of the Bagratuni dynasty, ruling in Ani from 1042 to 1045. Historical background During the reign of Hovhannes-Smbat (John-Smbat), a feudal lord, David, who owned Taik ...

, 1042–1045, son of Ashot IV The Bagratid kingdom and its capital of Ani was conquered by the Byzantine Empire under Emperor

Constantine IX Monomachos Constantine IX Monomachos (; 980/ 1000 – 11 January 1055) reigned as Byzantine emperor from June 1042 to January 1055. Empress Zoë Porphyrogenita chose him as a husband and co-emperor in 1042, although he had been exiled for conspiring agai ...

in 1045.

Lesser medieval Armenian kingdoms

Vaspurakan, Artsruni dynasty (908–1021)

The Artsruni family ruled in Vaspurakan as princes under the Bagratuni kings. The Artsruni family revolted after King Smbat ceded some of the Artsruni lands to the nearby princes of Syunik. Shortly thereafter, in 908, Vaspurakan became a separate kingdom with Gagik Artsruni's recognition as a king by Abbasid caliph. * Gagik Artsruni, 908–937/943 * Derenik-Ashot Artsruni, 937/943–953, son of Gagik * Abusahl-Hamazasp Artsruni, 953–969/972, son of Gagik * Ashot-Sahak Artsruni, 969/972–991, son of Abusahl-Hamazasp * Gurgen-Khachik Artsruni, 991–1003, son of Abusahl-Hamazasp * Senekerim-Hovhannes Artsruni, 1003–1021, son of Abusahl-Hamazasp Senekerim-Hovhannes, the last king of Vaspurakan, surrendered his crown to the Byzantine Empire in 1021 under pressure from incursions by the

Seljuk Turks The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids ( ; , ''Saljuqian'',) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turks, Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate society, Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persi ...

and resettled with his family in

Cappadocia Cappadocia (; , from ) is a historical region in Central Anatolia region, Turkey. It is largely in the provinces of Nevşehir, Kayseri, Aksaray, Kırşehir, Sivas and Niğde. Today, the touristic Cappadocia Region is located in Nevşehir ...

Vanand, Bagratuni dynasty (961–1065)

The Kingdom of Vanand was created as a vassal state by the Bagratuni kings in 961, ruled by members of their own dynasty. * Mushegh, 961/962–984, son of Abas I of Armenia * Abas I, 984–1029, son of Mushegh * Gagik-Abas II, 1029–1065, son of Abas I; claimed the position of king of all Armenia after the collapse of the main Bagratid kingdom in 1045. Vanand was ceded to the Byzantine Empire by Gagik-Abas II in 1065.

Tashir-Dzoraget, Kiurikian dynasty (982–c. 1145)

The Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget was a vassal kingdom founded in 982 by Kiuriki I, youngest son of Ashot III of Armenia, and was thereafter ruled by his descendants. It was for most of its history ruled from the fortress of Lori. *

Kiurike I Kiurike I (alternatively spelled Gorige, Korike or Gurgen; ) was the first king of the Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget The Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget ( ''Tashir-Dzorageti t'agavorut'yun''), alternatively known as the Kingdom of Lori or Kiurikian Ki ...

, 982–989, son of Ashot III of Armenia *

David I David I may refer to: * David I, Caucasian Albanian Catholicos c. 399 * David I of Armenia, Catholicos of Armenia (728–741) * David I Kuropalates of Georgia (died 881) * David I Anhoghin, king of Lori (ruled 989–1048) * David I of Scotland ...

"the Landless", 989–1046/1048, son of Kiurike I *

Kiurike II Kiurike II (alternatively spelled Gorige, Korike or Gurgen) was the third king of the Kingdom of Lori. He was succeeded by his son David II. References Kiurikian dynasty Kings of Tashir-Dzoraget Year of birth unknown 1089 deaths ...

, 1046/1048–1081/1089, son of David I * David II and Abas, c. 1089–c. 1145, sons of Kiurike II Tashir-Dzoraget was largely conquered by the Seljuk Turks in 1081/1089. In the early 12th century, further conquests led to David II and Abas only retaining control of the fortress of Macnaberd. The kingdom was fully conquered by around 1145, though it is possible that some members of the Kiurikian dynasty retained control of fortresses and settlements in the region thereafter.

Syunik, Siunia dynasty (970–1170)

The independent

Kingdom of Syunik Kingdom of Syunik (), also known as the Kingdom of Baghk and sometimes as the Kingdom of Kapan, was a medieval dependent Armenian kingdom * Smbat I Sahak, 970–998 * Vasak, 998–1019, son of Smbat I * Smbat II, 1019–1044, cousin and nephew of Vasak * Grigor I, 1044–1084, brother of Smbat II * Senekerim Sevadian, 1084–1094, adoptive son of Grigor I * Grigor II, 1094–1166, son of Senekerim * Hasan of Gerakar, 1166–1170, son-in-law of Grigor II The Kingdom of Syunik was conquered by the Seljuk Turks in 1170.

''Shah-i Armen''s (1100–1185; 1420–1437)

Ahlat ''Shah-i Armen''s (1100–1185)

In the decades following the

Battle of Manzikert The Battle of Manzikert or Malazgirt was fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Empire on 26 August 1071 near Manzikert, Iberia (theme), Iberia (modern Malazgirt in Muş Province, Turkey). The decisive defeat of the Byzantine army ...

(1071), one of the

Turkmen Turkmen, Türkmen, Turkoman, or Turkman may refer to: Peoples Historical ethnonym * Turkoman (ethnonym), ethnonym used for the Oghuz Turks during the Middle Ages Ethnic groups * Turkmen in Anatolia and the Levant (Seljuk and Ottoman-Turkish desc ...

vassal dynasties of the Seljuk Turks gained control of

Ahlat Ahlat (; ) is a town in Turkey's Bitlis Province in Eastern Anatolia Region. It is the seat of Ahlat District.''emirs'' took the title ''Shah-i Armen'' ("King of the Armenians"); the same title Islamic sources had previously used for the Bagratuni kings. * Sökmen I, 1100–1111 * Zahireddin Ibrahim, 1111–1127 *

Ahmed Ahmad () is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other English spellings of the name include Ahmed. It is also used as a surname. Etymology The word derives from the root ( ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from ...

, 1127 *

Sökmen II Nāṣir al-Dīn Sökmen II (died 1185) was the '' Shāh-i Arman'', the ruler of the Turkoman principality centred on Ahlat, from 1128 until his death. He married Shāhbānū, daughter of ′Izz al-Dīn Saltuq II, ruler of the Saltukids of Erzurum ...

, 1128–1185 Sökmen II left no heirs, his death in 1185 terminating the ''Shah-i Armen'' dynastic line. Ahlat was thereafter ruled by a series of slave ''emirs'';'''' Seyfeddin Bektimur 1185–1193, Bedreddin Aksungur 1193–1198, Sücaeddin Kutlug 1198, Melukülmansur Muhammed 1198–1207, and Izzeddin Balaban 1207. The city's period of relative autonomy came to an end when it was captured by the

Ayyubid Sultanate The Ayyubid dynasty (), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultan of Egypt, Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid Caliphate of Egyp ...

in 1207.

Qara Qoyunlu (1420–1437)

The title ''Shah-i Armen'' was temporarily revived in the 15th century under the rule of the Turkmen

Qara Qoyunlu The Qara Qoyunlu or Kara Koyunlu (, ; ), also known as the Black Sheep Turkomans, were a culturally Persianate, Muslim Turkoman "Kara Koyunlu, also spelled Qara Qoyunlu, Turkish Karakoyunlular, English Black Sheep, Turkmen tribal federation tha ...

, being used by Sultan

Qara Iskander Qara Iskandar (; ) ruled the Qara Qoyunlu or Black Sheep Turkoman (ethnonym), Turcoman tribe from 1420 to 1436. His struggles with the Timurid dynasty, Timurid ruler Shah Rukh show that he was a brave leader, but he was not able to continue develo ...

as part of his policy to cultivate the Armenian population.Dickran Kouymjian, "Armenia from the Fall of the Cilician Kingdom (1375) to the Forced Emigration under Shah Abbas (1604)," ''The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times'', Richard Hovannisian, editor (New York: St. Martin Press, 1997), vol. 2, p. 5 *

, 1420–1437

Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (1080–1375)

The

was a state formed in the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and ...

by Armenians who fled the

Seljuk Seljuk (, ''Selcuk'') or Saljuq (, ''Saljūq'') may refer to: * Seljuk Empire (1051–1153), a medieval empire in the Middle East and central Asia * Seljuk dynasty (c. 950–1307), the ruling dynasty of the Seljuk Empire and subsequent polities * S ...

invasion of their homeland. Poghosyan, S.; Katvalyan, M.; Grigoryan, G. et al. ''Cilician Armenia'' (Կիլիկյան Հայաստան).

Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia (also rendered ''Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia''; , ''Haykakan sovetakan hanragitaran''; ASE) is the first general encyclopedia in the Armenian language. It was published in 1974-1987 by the main editorial office of th ...

. vol. v. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1979, pp. 406–428 It was initially ruled by the

Rubenids The Rubenids () or Roupenids were an Armenian dynasty who dominated parts of Cilicia, and who established the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. The dynasty takes its name from its founder, the Armenian prince Ruben I. The Rubenids were princes, later ...

, an offshoot of the Bagratuni dynasty. While the Rubenid rulers were initially regional princes, their close ties with the Western world after the

First Crusade The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages. The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Muslim conquest ...

saw the principality recognised as a kingdom under Leo I by the

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium ...

in 1198. The rulers of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilia thereafter styled themselves simply as "King of Armenia".

Rubenid dynasty (1080–1252)

* Ruben I, prince 1080–1095 *

, prince 1095–1099, son of Ruben I *

Thoros I Toros I (), also Thoros I, (unknown – 1129 / February 17, 1129 – February 16, 1130) was the third lord of Armenian Cilicia ( 1100 / 1102 / 1103 – 1129 / 1130). His life Toros was the elder son of Constantine I, lord of Armenian Cilicia ...

, prince 1100–1129, son of Constantine I * Leo I, prince 1129–1138, son of Constantine I ** ''Interregnum'' 1138–1145:

Cilicia Cilicia () is a geographical region in southern Anatolia, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the Cilician plain (). The region inclu ...

was occupied by the Byzantine Empire *

Thoros II Thoros II (; died 6 February 1169), also known as Thoros the Great, was the sixth lord of Armenian Cilicia from the Rubenid dynasty from 1144/1145Kurkjian 1958, p. 506 until 1169. Thoros (together with his father, Leo I and his brother, Roupen) ...

, prince 1145–1169, son of Leo I *

Ruben II Ruben II (), also Roupen II or Rupen II, ( 1165–1170) was the seventh lord of Armenian Cilicia (1169–1170). Roupen was the son of Thoros II, lord of Armenian Cilicia, by his second wife (and great niece) whose name is unknown. (Thomas w ...

, prince 1169–1170, son of Theodore II * Mleh, prince 1170–1175, son of Leo I *

Ruben III Ruben III (), also Roupen III, Rupen III, or Reuben III, (1145 – Monastery of Drazark, May 6, 1187) was the ninth lord of Armenian Cilicia (1175–1187). Roupen remained always friendly to the Crusaders in spirit. He was a just and good princ ...

, prince 1175–1186, grandson of Leo I * Leo I "the Magnificent", prince (as Leo II) 1186–1198 and king 1198–1219, brother of Ruben III *

Isabella Isabella may refer to: People and fictional characters * Isabella (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters * Isabella (surname), including a list of people Places United States * Isabella, Alabama, an unincorpo ...

, 1219–1252, daughter of Leo I * Philip of Antioch, 1222–1224, first husband and co-ruler of Isabella

Hethumid dynasty (1226–1341)

The Hethumid dynasty gained power through marriage with Isabella of the Rubenid dynasty. Upon her death, her husband

Hethum I Hethum I (Armenian: Հեթում Ա; 1213 – 21 October 1270) ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (also known as "Little Armenia") from 1226 to 1270. He was the son of Constantine of Baberon (d. 1263) and Princess Alix Pahlavouni of Lampron (a ...

became sole ruler and he was followed as king by their descendants. *

, 1226–1269, second husband of Isabella * Leo II, 1269–1289, son of Hethum I and Isabella *

Hethum II Hethum II, OFM (; 1266– 17 November 1307) was king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia from 1289 to 1293, 1295 to 1296 and 1299 to 1303, while Armenia was a subject state of the Mongol Empire. He abdicated twice to take vows with the Franciscan ...

(first reign), 1289–1293, son of Leo II * Thoros, 1293–1294, son of Leo II * Hethum II (second reign), 1294–1296 * Smbat IV, 1296–1298, son of Leo II *

, 1298–1299, son of Leo II * Hethum II (third reign), 1299–1305 *

Leo III Leo III, Leon III, or Levon III may refer to: People * Leo III the Isaurian (685–741), Byzantine emperor 717–741 * Pope Leo III (d. 816), Pope 795–816 * Leon III of Abkhazia, King of Abkhazia 960–969 * Leo II, King of Armenia (c. 1236–128 ...

, 1305–1308, son of Thoros *

Oshin is a Japanese television, Japanese Asadora, serialized morning television drama (''asadora''), which originally aired on NHK from 4 March 1983 to 31 March 1984; it is the 31st ''asadora'' overall to be produced. The 297 15-minute episodes follo ...

, 1308–1320, son of Leo II * Leo IV, 1320–1341, son of Oshin

Lusignan and Neghir dynasties (1342–1375)

After the death of Leo IV in 1341, Leo's cousin Guy de Lusignan was elected to succeed him as Constantine II, beginning the rule of the Lusignan dynasty. This dynasty ruled for just over three decades before Cilicia was captured by the

Mamluk Mamluk or Mamaluk (; (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural); translated as "one who is owned", meaning "slave") were non-Arab, ethnically diverse (mostly Turkic, Caucasian, Eastern and Southeastern European) enslaved mercenaries, slave-so ...

s, bringing an end to the kingdom. * Constantine II, 1342–1344, cousin and chosen successor of Leo IV (House of Lusignan) *

Constantine III Constantine III may refer to: * Constantine III (Western Roman emperor), self-proclaimed western Roman Emperor 407–411 * Heraclius Constantine, Byzantine Emperor in 641 * Constans II, Byzantine emperor 641–668, sometimes referred to under this ...

, 1344–1363, elected by the Armenian nobility; grandnephew of Hethum I (House of Neghir) * Leo (V) "the Usurper", 1363–1365, unknown lineage; seized the throne and then abdicated after a reign of two years *

Constantine IV Constantine IV (); 650 – 10 July 685), called the Younger () and often incorrectly the Bearded () out of confusion with Constans II, his father, was Byzantine emperor from 668 to 685. His reign saw the first serious check to nearly 50 years ...

, 1365–1373, cousin of Constantine III (House of Neghir) ** Peter de Lusignan, King of Cyprus, was invited to become king by some Armenian barons in 1368 but died in 1369 while making preparations to cross the sea to Cilicia with his forces * Marie of Korikos, regent 1373–1374, widow of Constantine III and Constantine IV; served as regent while delegations were sent to negotiate with prospective new candidates for the kingship * Leo V (or VI), 1374–1375, nephew of Constantine II (House of Lusignan)

Later claimants

Lusignan claimants (1375–1489)

Leo V continued to claim the title "King of Armenia" in exile until his death in 1393. Leo's claims were then inherited by

James I James I may refer to: People *James I of Aragon (1208–1276) * James I of Sicily or James II of Aragon (1267–1327) * James I, Count of La Marche (1319–1362), Count of Ponthieu * James I, Count of Urgell (1321–1347) *James I of Cyprus (1334� ...

, his cousin (both were great-grandsons of the Cypriot king Hugh III) who ruled as King of Cyprus. From 1393 to the end of the Cypriot kingdom in 1489, the rulers of Cyprus claimed the full title "King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia". Section "The seeds of Lusignan rule in Cilicia" * Leo V, 1375–1393, former king of Armenia *

James I of Cyprus James I (; 1334 – September 9, 1398) was the youngest son of King Hugh IV of Cyprus and by 1369 held the title "Constable of Jerusalem." When his nephew Peter II of Cyprus, Peter II died in 1382, he became King of Cyprus. James was also crowne ...

, 1393–1398, distant cousin of Leo V *

Janus of Cyprus Janus (1375 – 29 June 1432) was King of Cyprus and titular King of Armenian Cilicia and King of Jerusalem, Jerusalem from 1398 to 1432. Early life Janus was born in Genoa, where his father, James I of Cyprus, was a captive. His mother, Hel ...

, 1398–1432, son of James I *

John II of Cyprus John II or III of Cyprus (16 May 1418 – 28 July 1458) was the King of Cyprus and Armenia and also titular King of Jerusalem from 1432 to 1458. He was previously a titular Prince of Antioch. History Born 16 May 1418 in Nicosia, John was the ...

, 1432–1458, son of Janus *

Charlotte of Cyprus Charlotte (28 June 1444 – 16 July 1487) was the Queen of Cyprus from 1458 until 1464. She was the eldest and only surviving daughter of King John II of Cyprus and Helena Palaiologina. At the age of 14, she succeeded to the Cypriot throne ...

, 1458–1464, daughter of John II *

James II of Cyprus James II (; /1439 or 1440 – 10 July 1473) was the penultimate King of Cyprus (usurper), reigning from 1460/1464 until his death. Archbishop of Nicosia James was born in Nicosia as the illegitimate son of John II of Cyprus and Marietta d ...

, 1464–1473, son of John II *

James III of Cyprus James III of Cyprus (or Jacques III de Lusignan) (6 August 1473 – 26 August 1474) was the only child by the marriage of James II of Cyprus and Catherine Cornaro. He died as an infant, leaving his mother as the last Queen of Cyprus. His death pa ...

, 1473–1474, son of James II *

Catherine Cornaro Catherine Cornaro (; or ; ; 25 November 1454 – 10 July 1510) was the last monarch of the Kingdom of Cyprus, also holding the titles of Queen of Jerusalem and Queen of Armenia. She became queen consort of Cyprus by marriage to James II of ...

, 1474–1489, widow of James II and mother of James III After the fall of the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1489, Catherine Cornaro sold her claims and titles (including her claim to Armenia) to the

Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice, officially the Most Serene Republic of Venice and traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and Maritime republics, maritime republic with its capital in Venice. Founded, according to tradition, in 697 ...

, which at times thereafter advanced a shadowy claim to Cilicia or Armenia as a whole. p. 390

Savoyard claimants (1485–1946)

Charlotte, who ruled as Queen of Cyprus 1458–1464, was deposed in 1464 but maintained claims to her titles in exile. In 1485, she ceded all her titular claims to her first cousin once removed,

Charles I, Duke of Savoy Charles I (28 March 1468 – 13 March 1490), called the Warrior, was the Duke of Savoy from 1482 to 1490 and titular king of Cyprus, Jerusalem, and Armenia from 1485 to 1490. Life Charles was son of Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy, and Yolande o ...

. p. 612 As a consequence of Charlotte's sale, the

House of Savoy The House of Savoy (, ) is a royal house (formally a dynasty) of Franco-Italian origin that was established in 1003 in the historical region of Savoy, which was originally part of the Kingdom of Burgundy and now lies mostly within southeastern F ...

is often seen as the heirs of the Lusignan kings of Cyprus and Armenian Cilicia. For centuries thereafter, the heads of the family maintained the style "Duke of Savoy and titular King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia". p. 1 The title "King of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia" was maintained even after the Savoyard dynasts became

kings of Italy Kings or King's may refer to: *Kings: The sovereign heads of states and/or nations. *One of several works known as the "Book of Kings": **The Books of Kings part of the Bible, divided into two parts **The ''Shahnameh'', an 11th-century epic Persia ...

, for instance being used by both

Victor Emmanuel II Victor Emmanuel II (; full name: ''Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso di Savoia''; 14 March 1820 – 9 January 1878) was King of Sardinia (also informally known as Piedmont–Sardinia) from 23 March 1849 until 17 March ...

Section "Sabaudia". and

Victor Emmanuel III Victor Emmanuel III (; 11 November 1869 – 28 December 1947) was King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946. A member of the House of Savoy, he also reigned as Emperor of Ethiopia from 1936 to 1941 and King of the Albani ...

. * Charlotte of Cyprus, 1464–1485, former queen of Cyprus *

, 1485–1490, first cousin once removed of Charlotte, ceded titles *

Charles II, Duke of Savoy Charles II or Charles John Amadeus (''Carlo Giovanni Amedeo'' in Italian) (23 June 1489, Turin, Piedmont – 16 April 1496), was the Duke of Savoy from 1490 to 1496 but his mother Blanche of Montferrat (1472–1519) was the actual ruler a ...

, 1490–1496, son of Charles I *

Philip II, Duke of Savoy Philip II (5 February 1438 – 7 November 1497), surnamed the Landless, was the Duke of Savoy for a brief reign from 1496 to 1497. Biography Philip was the granduncle of the previous duke Charles II, and the youngest surviving son of Duke L ...

, 1496–1497, uncle of Charles I *

Philibert II, Duke of Savoy Philibert II (10 April 1480 – 10 September 1504), nicknamed the Handsome or the Good, was the Duke of Savoy from 1497 until his death. Biography Born in Pont-d'Ain, Philibert was the son of Philip (Filippo) the Landless and his first wife ...

, 1497–1504, son of Philip II *

Charles III, Duke of Savoy Charles III of Savoy (10 October 1486 – 17 August 1553), often called Charles the Good, was Duke of Savoy from 1504 to 1553, although most of his lands were ruled by the French between 1536 and his death. Ruling for nearly 49 years, he is the ...

, 1504–1553, son of Philip II *

Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy Emmanuel Philibert (; ; 8 July 1528 – 30 August 1580), known as (; "Ironhead", because of his military career), was Duke of Savoy and ruler of the Savoyard states from 17 August 1553 until his death in 1580. He is notably remembered for resto ...

, 1553–1580, son of Charles III *

Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy Charles Emmanuel I (; 12 January 1562 – 26 July 1630), known as the Great, was the Duke of Savoy and ruler of the Savoyard states from 30 August 1580 until his death almost 50 years later in 1630, he was the longest-reigning Savoyard monarch ...

, 1580–1630, son of Emmanuel Philibert *

Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy Victor Amadeus I (; 8 May 1587 – 7 October 1637) was the Duke of Savoy and ruler of the Savoyard states from 26 July 1630 until his death in 1637. He was also known as the ''Lion of Susa''. He was succeeded by two of his sons; Francis Hya ...

, 1630–1637, son of Charles Emmanuel I *

Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy Francis Hyacinth (; 14 September 1632 – 4 October 1638) was Duke of Savoy and ruler of the Savoyard states under the regency of his mother Christine Marie. Biography Born at the Castle of Valentino in Turin he was the eldest surviving son ...

, 1637–1638, son of Victor Amadeus I *

Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy Charles Emmanuel II (); 20 June 1634 – 12 June 1675) was Duke of Savoy and ruler of the Savoyard states from 4 October 1638 until his death in 1675 and under regency of his mother Christine of France until 1648. He was also Marquis of Saluz ...

, 1638–1675, son of Victor Amadeus I *

Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia Victor Amadeus II (; 14 May 166631 October 1732) was the head of the House of Savoy and ruler of the Savoyard states from 12 June 1675 until his abdication in 1730. He was the first of his house to acquire a royal crown, ruling first as King o ...

, 1675–1730, son of Charles Emmanuel II *

Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia Charles Emmanuel III (27 April 1701 – 20 February 1773) was Duke of Savoy, King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard states from his father's abdication on 3 September 1730 until his death in 1773. He was the paternal grandfather of the l ...

, 1730–1773, son of Victor Amadeus II *

Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia Victor Amadeus III (Vittorio Amedeo Maria; 26 June 1726 – 16 October 1796) was King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard state, Savoyard states from 20 February 1773 to his death in 1796. Although he was politically conservative, he carrie ...

, 1773–1796, son of Charles Emmanuel III *

Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia Charles Emmanuel IV (Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria; 24 May 1751 – 6 October 1819) was King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard states from 16 October 1796 until 1802, when he abdicated in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel I. Ea ...

, 1796–1802, son of Victor Amadeus III *

Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia Victor Emmanuel I (; 24 July 1759 – 10 January 1824) was the Duke of Savoy, King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard states from 4 June 1802 until his reign ended in 1821 upon abdication due to a liberal revolution. Shortly thereafter, hi ...

, 1802–1821, son of Victor Amadeus III *

Charles Felix of Sardinia Charles Felix (; 6 April 1765 – 27 April 1831) was the King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard states from 12 March 1821 until his death in 1831. He was the last male-line member of the House of Savoy that started with Victor Amadeus I ...

, 1821–1831, son of Victor Amadeus III *

Charles Albert of Sardinia Charles Albert (; 2 October 1798 – 28 July 1849) was the Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861), King of Sardinia and ruler of the Savoyard state from 27 April 1831 until his abdication in 1849. His name is bound up with the first Italian constit ...

, 1831–1849, great-great-grandson of Victor Amadeus I *

Victor Emmanuel II of Italy Victor Emmanuel II (; full name: ''Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso di House of Savoy, Savoia''; 14 March 1820 – 9 January 1878) was King of Sardinia (also informally known as Piedmont–Sardinia) from 23 March 1849 u ...

, 1849–1878, son of Charles Albert *

Umberto I of Italy Umberto I (; 14 March 1844 – 29 July 1900) was King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his assassination in 1900. His reign saw Italy's expansion into the Horn of Africa, as well as the creation of the Triple Alliance (1882), Triple Alliance a ...

, 1878–1900, son of Victor Emmanuel II *

Victor Emmanuel III of Italy Victor Emmanuel III (; 11 November 1869 – 28 December 1947) was King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946. A member of the House of Savoy, he also reigned as Emperor of Ethiopia from 1936 to 1941 and King of the Albania ...

, 1900–1946, son of Umberto I *

Umberto II of Italy Umberto II (; 15 September 190418 March 1983) was the last King of Italy. Umberto's reign lasted for 34 days, from 9 May 1946 until his formal deposition on 12 June 1946, although he had been the ''de facto'' head of state since 1944. Due to hi ...

, 1946, son of Victor Emmanuel III

Notes

References

Sources

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Armenian Kings Lists of monarchs

Kings Kings or King's may refer to: *Kings: The sovereign heads of states and/or nations. *One of several works known as the "Book of Kings": **The Books of Kings part of the Bible, divided into two parts **The ''Shahnameh'', an 11th-century epic Persia ...