Late Quaternary prehistoric birds are avian

taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and ...

that became

extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...

during the Late

Quaternary The Quaternary ( ) is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), as well as the current and most recent of the twelve periods of the ...

– the

Late Pleistocene The Late Pleistocene is an unofficial Age (geology), age in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, also known as the Upper Pleistocene from a Stratigraphy, stratigraphic perspective. It is intended to be the fourth division ...

or Early

Holocene The Holocene () is the current geologic time scale, geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago. It follows the Last Glacial Period, which concluded with the Holocene glacial retreat. The Holocene and the preceding Pleistocene to ...

– and before

recorded history Recorded history or written history describes the historical events that have been recorded in a written form or other documented communication which are subsequently evaluated by historians using the historical method. For broader world h ...

, specifically before they could be studied alive by ornithological science. They had died out before the period of global scientific exploration that started in the late 15th century. In other words, this list deals with avian extinctions between 40,000 BC and AD 1500. For the purposes of this article, a "

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class (biology), class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the Oviparity, laying of Eggshell, hard-shelled eggs, a high Metabolism, metabolic rate, a fou ...

" is any member of the

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

Neornithes Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight ...

, that is, any descendant of the

most recent common ancestor A most recent common ancestor (MRCA), also known as a last common ancestor (LCA), is the most recent individual from which all organisms of a set are inferred to have descended. The most recent common ancestor of a higher taxon is generally assu ...

of all currently living birds. Giant Haasts eagle attacking New Zealand moa

The birds are known from their remains, which are

subfossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

; as the remains are not completely fossilized, they may yield organic material for molecular analyses to provide additional clues for resolving their taxonomic affiliations. Some birds are also known from folk memory, as in the case of

Haast's eagle Haast's eagle (''Hieraaetus moorei'') is an Extinction, extinct species of eagle that lived in the South Island of New Zealand, commonly accepted to be the of Māori mythology.

in New Zealand. The extinction of the taxa in this list was coincident with the expansion of ''

Homo sapiens Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are Hominidae, great apes characterized by their Prehistory of nakedness and clothing ...

'' beyond Africa and Eurasia, and in most cases, anthropogenic factors played a crucial part in their extinction, be it through hunting, introduced

predators Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill ...

habitat In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species' habitat can be seen as the physical manifestation of its ...

alteration. It is notable that a large proportion of the species are from oceanic islands, especially in

Polynesia Polynesia ( , ) is a subregion of Oceania, made up of more than 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean. The indigenous people who inhabit the islands of Polynesia are called Polynesians. They have many things in ...

. Bird taxa that evolved on oceanic islands are usually very vulnerable to hunting or predation by

rat Rats are various medium-sized, long-tailed rodents. Species of rats are found throughout the order Rodentia, but stereotypical rats are found in the genus ''Rattus''. Other rat genera include '' Neotoma'' (pack rats), '' Bandicota'' (bandicoo ...

pig The pig (''Sus domesticus''), also called swine (: swine) or hog, is an omnivorous, domesticated, even-toed, hoofed mammal. It is named the domestic pig when distinguishing it from other members of the genus '' Sus''. Some authorities cons ...

dog The dog (''Canis familiaris'' or ''Canis lupus familiaris'') is a domesticated descendant of the gray wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it was selectively bred from a population of wolves during the Late Pleistocene by hunter-gatherers. ...

s or

cat The cat (''Felis catus''), also referred to as the domestic cat or house cat, is a small domesticated carnivorous mammal. It is the only domesticated species of the family Felidae. Advances in archaeology and genetics have shown that the ...

s (animals commonly introduced by humans) as they evolved in the absence of

mammal A mammal () is a vertebrate animal of the Class (biology), class Mammalia (). Mammals are characterised by the presence of milk-producing mammary glands for feeding their young, a broad neocortex region of the brain, fur or hair, and three ...

ian predators, and therefore have only rudimentary predator avoidance behavior. Many, especially rails, have additionally become

flightless Flightless birds are birds that cannot fly, as they have, through evolution, lost the ability to. There are over 60 extant species, including the well-known ratites ( ostriches, emus, cassowaries, rheas, and kiwis) and penguins. The smal ...

for the same reason and thus present even easier prey. Taxon extinctions taking place before the Late Quaternary happened in the absence of significant human interference. Rather, reasons for extinction are random

abiotic In biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems. Abiotic factors and the phenomena associated with them und ...

events such as

bolide A bolide is normally taken to mean an exceptionally bright meteor, but the term is subject to more than one definition, according to context. It may refer to any large Impact crater, crater-forming body, or to one that explodes in the atmosphere. ...

impacts,

climate change Present-day climate change includes both global warming—the ongoing increase in Global surface temperature, global average temperature—and its wider effects on Earth's climate system. Climate variability and change, Climate change in ...

s, mass volcanic eruptions, etc. Alternatively, species may have become extinct due to

evolution Evolution is the change in the heritable Phenotypic trait, characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, re ...

ary displacement by successor or competitor taxa – it is notable for example that in the early

Neogene The Neogene ( ,) is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period million years ago. It is the second period of th ...

, seabird

biodiversity Biodiversity is the variability of life, life on Earth. It can be measured on various levels. There is for example genetic variability, species diversity, ecosystem diversity and Phylogenetics, phylogenetic diversity. Diversity is not distribut ...

was much higher than today; this is probably due to competition by the radiation of

marine mammal Marine mammals are mammals that rely on marine ecosystems for their existence. They include animals such as cetaceans, pinnipeds, sirenians, sea otters and polar bears. They are an informal group, unified only by their reliance on marine enviro ...

s after that time. The relationships of these ancient birds are often hard to determine, as many are known only from very fragmentary remains and complete fossilization precludes analysis of information from

DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of al ...

RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA). RNA and deoxyrib ...

or protein sequencing. Extinct bird species differed from still-existing birds by being larger, mostly restricted to islands, and often

. These factors made them especially vulnerable to human prosecution and to other anthropogenically related declines.

Taxonomic list of Late Quaternary prehistoric birds

All of these birds are in

Paleognathes Palaeognathae (; ) is an infraclass of birds, called paleognaths or palaeognaths, within the class Aves of the clade Archosauria. It is one of the two extant infraclasses of birds, the other being Neognathae, both of which form Neornithes. Pala ...

Struthioniformes

The

ostriches Ostriches are large flightless birds. Two living species are recognised, the common ostrich, native to large parts of sub-Saharan Africa, and the Somali ostrich, native to the Horn of Africa. They are the heaviest and largest living birds, w ...

Struthionidae Struthionidae (; ) is a family of flightless birds, containing the extant ostriches and their extinct relatives. The two extant species of ostrich are the common ostrich and Somali ostrich, both in the genus ''Struthio'', which also contains seve ...

– Ostriches ** Extinct species of extant genera *** East Asian ostrich, ''Struthio anderssoni'' (China) *** Asian ostrich, ''Struthio asiaticus'' (Central Asia to China)

†Aepyornithiformes

The elephant birds of Madagascar * † Aepyornithidae - greater elephant birds ** †'' Aepyornis'' *** Giant elephant bird, ''Aepyornis maximus'' – a 2018 study moved the largest elephant bird specimens to the genus ''Vorombe'', but a 2023 genetic study regarded ''Vorombe'' as synonymous with ''Aepyornis maximus'' *** Hildebrandt's elephant bird, ''Aepyornis hildebrandti'' * † Mullerornithidae - lesser elephant birds ** †'' Mullerornis'' *** Lesser elephant bird, ''Mullerornis modestus''

†Dinornithiformes

The moa of New Zealand * † Emeidae – lesser moa ** †''Anomalopteryx'' *** Bush moa, ''Anomalopteryx didiformis'' (North and South Islands, New Zealand) ** †''Euryapteryx'' *** Broad-billed moa, ''Euryapteryx curtus'' (North Island, New Zealand) ** †'' Pachyornis'' *** Crested moa, ''Pachyornis australis'' (western South Island, New Zealand) *** Heavy-footed moa, ''Pachyornis elephantopus'' (eastern South Island, New Zealand) *** Mantell's moa, ''Pachyornis geranoides'' (North Island, New Zealand) ** †''Emeus'' *** Eastern moa, ''Emeus crassus'' (South Island, New Zealand) * † Dinornithidae – giant moa ** †'' Dinornis'' *** North Island giant moa, ''Dinornis novaezealandiae'' (North Island, New Zealand) *** South Island giant moa, ''Dinornis robustus'' (South Island, New Zealand) * † Megalapterygidae – upland moa ** †''Megalapteryx'' *** Upland moa, ''Megalapteryx didinus'' (South Island, New Zealand) – may have survived into historic times (syn. ''Megalapteryx benhami'')

†Gastornithiformes

An extinct order of giant flightless

fowl Fowl are birds belonging to one of two biological orders, namely the gamefowl or landfowl ( Galliformes) and the waterfowl ( Anseriformes). Anatomical and molecular similarities suggest these two groups are close evolutionary relatives; toget ...

. * † Dromornithidae – Australian ''mihirung''s or "demon ducks of doom" ** †''

Genyornis ''Genyornis newtoni'' is an extinct species of large, flightless bird that lived in Australia during the Pleistocene Epoch until around 50,000 years ago. Over two metres in height, they were likely herbivorous. Many other species of Austral ...

'' *** ''Genyornis newtoni'' (Australia)

Anseriformes Anseriformes is an order (biology), order of birds also known as waterfowl that comprises about 180 living species of birds in three families: Anhimidae (three species of screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest f ...

The group that includes modern

duck Duck is the common name for numerous species of waterfowl in the family (biology), family Anatidae. Ducks are generally smaller and shorter-necked than swans and goose, geese, which are members of the same family. Divided among several subfam ...

geese A goose (: geese) is a bird of any of several waterfowl species in the family Anatidae. This group comprises the genera '' Anser'' (grey geese and white geese) and ''Branta'' (black geese). Some members of the Tadorninae subfamily (e.g., Egyp ...

and

swan Swans are birds of the genus ''Cygnus'' within the family Anatidae. The swans' closest relatives include the goose, geese and ducks. Swans are grouped with the closely related geese in the subfamily Anserinae where they form the tribe (biology) ...

s. *

Anatidae The Anatidae are the biological family (biology), family of water birds that includes ducks, goose, geese, and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all the world's continents except Antarctica. These birds are adapted f ...

– ducks, geese and swans ** †''

Cnemiornis The New Zealand goose is a bird of the extinct genus ''Cnemiornis'' of the family Anatidae, subfamily Anserinae. The genus, endemic to New Zealand, consisted of two species: the North Island goose, ''C. gracilis'' and the South Island goose ''C. ...

'' *** South Island goose, ''Cnemiornis calcitrans'' (South Island, New Zealand) *** North Island goose, ''Cnemiornis gracilis'' (North Island, New Zealand) ** †''

Centrornis The Malagasy sheldgoose (''Centrornis majori'') is an extinct monotypic species of large goose in the shelduck subfamily. It was described from subfossil remains radiocarbon dated to about 17,000 years ago, found in central Madagascar ...

'' *** Malagasy sheldgoose, ''Centrornis majori'' (Madagascar) ** †'' Chelychelynechen'' *** Turtle-jawed moa-nalo, ''Chelychelynechen quassus'' (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands) ** †'' Ptaiochen'' *** Small-billed moa-nalo, ''Ptaiochen pau'' (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) ** †''

Thambetochen Thambetochen is an extinct genus of moa-nalo duck. It contains two species, the Maui Nui moa-nalo (''T. chauliodous'') and the smaller O'ahu moa-nalo (''T. xanion''). The former was found on Maui and Molokai on Hawaii, the latter was found ...

'' *** Maui Nui large-billed moa-nalo, ''Thambetochen chauliodous'' (Maui and Molokai, Hawaiian Islands) *** Oahu moa-nalo, ''Thambetochen xanion'' (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands) ** †''

Chendytes ''Chendytes lawi'' is an extinct, goose-sized flightless marine duck, once common on the California coast, the California Channel Islands, and possibly southern Oregon. It lived in the Pleistocene and survived into the Holocene. It appears to ha ...

'' *** ''Chendytes lawi'' (California and southern Oregon coasts and Channel Islands, East Pacific) ** †'' Talpanas'' *** Kauai mole duck, ''Talpanas lippa'' (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands) ** Extinct species of extant genera ***

Dendrocygninae The whistling ducks or tree ducks are a subfamily, Dendrocygninae, of the duck, goose and swan family of birds, Anatidae. In other taxonomic schemes, they are considered a separate family, Dendrocygnidae. Some taxonomists list only one genus, ...

– whistling ducks **** ''

Dendrocygna The whistling ducks or tree ducks are a subfamily, Dendrocygninae, of the duck, goose and swan family of birds, Anatidae. In other Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic schemes, they are considered a separate family (biology), family, Dendrocygnidae. S ...

'' ***** Aitutaki whistling-duck, ''Dendrocygna'' sp. (Aitutaki, Cook Islands) ***

Anserinae The Anserinae are a subfamily in the waterfowl family Anatidae. It includes the swans and the true Goose, geese. Under alternative systematics, systematical concepts (see e.g., Terres & NAS, 1991), it is split into two subfamilies, the Anserina ...

*** Biziurini –

musk duck The musk duck (''Biziura lobata'') is a highly aquatic, stiff-tailed duck native to southern Australia. It is the only living member of the genus ''Biziura''. An Extinction, extinct relative, the New Zealand musk duck or de Lautour's duck (''B. ...

s **** ''

Biziura ''Biziura'' is a genus of stiff-tailed ducks endemic to Australasia and containing one living and one subfossil species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes o ...

'' ***** New Zealand musk duck, ''Biziura delautouri'' (New Zealand) ***

Oxyurini The Oxyurini are a tribe of the duck subfamily of birds, the Anatinae. It has been subject of considerable debate about its validity and circumscription. Some taxonomic authorities place the group in its own subfamily, the ''Oxyurinae''. Most of ...

**** '' Oxyura'' ***** New Zealand stiff-tailed duck, ''Oxyura vantetsi'' (North Island, New Zealand) *** Anserini – geese and swans **** ''

Malacorhynchus ''Malacorhynchus'' is a genus of duck within the family Anatidae. It was established in 1831 by English ornithologist William Swainson, when he proposed moving the pink-eared duck into a subgenus (''Malacorhynchus'') based on unique characters o ...

'' ***** Scarlett's duck, ''Malacorhynchus scarletti'' (New Zealand) **** ''

Branta The black geese of the genus ''Branta'' are waterfowl belonging to the Goose, true geese and swans subfamily Anserinae. They occur in the northern coastal regions of the Palearctic and all over North America, Bird migration, migrating to more so ...

'' – black geese *****

Nēnē-nui The nēnē-nui (Hawaiian language, Hawaiian: "great nēnē") or wood-walking goose (translation of ''Branta hylobadistes'') is an extinct species of goose that once inhabited Maui and possibly (or closely related species) Kauai, Kauai, Oahu, Oah ...

, ''Branta hylobadistes'' (Maui, possibly Kauai and Oahu, Hawaiian Islands) ***** Giant Hawaii goose, ''

Branta rhuax ''Branta rhuax'', the giant Hawaii goose, is an extinct goose endemic to the island of Hawaii. It was initially described as the monotypic genus ''Geochen'', but then reassigned to '' Branta'' by Storrs L. Olson in 2013 after reexamination of t ...

'' (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands) – formerly in the monotypic genus ''Geochen'' **** '' Anser'' ***** Dyuktai goose, '' Anser djuktaiensis'' (Yakutia, Russia) ***** ''Anser'' aff. ''erythropus'' (Ibiza, Mediterranean) **** '' Cygnus'' – swans ***** Giant swan, ''

Cygnus falconeri ''Cygnus falconeri'' is an extinct species of very large swan known from Middle Pleistocene-aged deposits from Malta and Sicily. Its dimensions are described as exceeding those of the living mute swan by one-third, which would give a bill-to-tai ...

'' (Malta, Sicily) ***** Dwarf sawn, '' Cygnus equitum'' (Malta, Sicily) – occasionally placed in the genus ''Anser'' ***** New Zealand swan, ''Cygnus sumnerensis'' (New Zealand and the Chatham Islands) ****** New Zealand swan, ''Cygnus sumnerensis sumnerensis'' (New Zealand) ****** Chatham Islands swan, ''Cygnus sumnerensis chathamicus'' (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific) ***

Anatinae The Anatinae are a subfamily of the family Anatidae (swans, geese and ducks). Its surviving members are the dabbling ducks, which feed mainly at the surface rather than by diving. The other members of the Anatinae are the extinct moa-nalo, a ...

– ducks *** Tadornini **** ''

Tadorna The shelducks, most species of which are found in the genus ''Tadorna'' (except for the Radjah shelduck, which is now found in its own monotypic genus ''Radjah''), are a group of large birds in the Tadorninae subfamily of the Anatidae, the biolog ...

'' ***** Chatham Islands shelduck, ''Tadorna'' cf. ''variegata'' (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific) **** ''

Alopochen ''Alopochen'' is a genus of the bird family (biology), family Anatidae, part of the subfamily Tadorninae along with the shelducks. It contains one extant species, the Egyptian goose (''Alopochen aegyptiaca''), and three which became extinct in t ...

'' ***** Malagasy shelduck, ''Alopochen sirabensis'' (Madagascar) – may be a subspecies of the Mauritius sheldgoose (''Alopochen mauritiana''), which survived in

Mauritius Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, about off the southeastern coast of East Africa, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island (also called Mauritius), as well as Rodrigues, Ag ...

until the 1690s **** ''

Neochen ''Neochen'' is a genus of birds in the family Anatidae. Extant species The genus contains a single living species: Fossil species * †''Neochen barbadiana'' - Late Pleistocene, Barbados * †''Neochen debilis'' - Middle Pleistocene, Arge ...

'' ***** '' Neochen barbadiana'' (Barbados) ***** '' Neochen debilis'' (Argentina) ***** '' Neochen pugil'' (Brazil) ***

Mergini The sea ducks (Mergini) are a tribe of the duck subfamily of birds, the Anatinae. The taxonomy of this group is incomplete. Some authorities separate the group as a subfamily, while others remove some genera. Most species within the group spend ...

– sea ducks **** '' Mergellus'' ***** '' Mergellus mochanovi'' (

Yakutia Sakha, officially the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), is a republics of Russia, republic of Russia, and the largest federal subject of Russia by area. It is located in the Russian Far East, along the Arctic Ocean, with a population of one million ...

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

) **** ''

Mergus ''Mergus'' is the genus of the typical mergansers ( ) fish-eating ducks in the subfamily Anatinae. The genus name is a Latin word used by Pliny the Elder and other Ancient Rome, Roman authors to refer to an unspecified waterbird. The common mer ...

'' *****

Chatham Island merganser The Chatham Island merganser (''Mergus milleneri'') is an extinct species of merganser duck from New Zealand. The binomial name refers to Dr. Philip Millener, to recognise his work in collecting material on the species. Description The Chatham ...

, ''Mergus milleneri'' (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific) *** Aythyini – diving ducks

**** '' Chenonetta'' ***** Finsch's duck, ''Chenonetta finschi'' (New Zealand) – possibly survived to 1870 ***

Anatini The Anatinae are a subfamily of the family Anatidae (swans, geese and ducks). Its surviving members are the dabbling ducks, which feed mainly at the surface rather than by diving. The other members of the Anatinae are the extinct moa-nalo, a yo ...

– dabbling ducks **** ''

Anas ''Anas'' is a genus of dabbling ducks. It includes the pintails, most teals, and the mallard and its close relatives. It formerly included additional species but following the publication of a molecular phylogenetic study in 2009 the genus was s ...

'' ***** '' Anas amotape'' (Campbell 1979) (Talara Tar Seeps, Late Pleistocene of Peru) ***** '' Anas elapsum'' (Chinchilla Late Pleistocene of Condamine River, Australia) (“''Nettion''”) ***** '' Anas gracilipes'' (Late Pleistocene of Australia) – likely a junior synonym of the chestnut teal (''Anas castanea'') ***** '' Anas schneideri'' Emslie 1985 (Late Pleistocene of Little Box Elder Cave, U.S.) ***** '' Anas strennum'' (Late Pleistocene of Patteramordu, Australia) ("''Nettion''") ***** Mascarene teal, ''Anas theodori'' (

and

Réunion Réunion (; ; ; known as before 1848) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department and region of France. Part of the Mascarene Islands, it is located approximately east of the isl ...

) - extinct 1696 ***** Bermuda flightless duck, ''Anas pachyscelus'' (

Bermuda Bermuda is a British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean. The closest land outside the territory is in the American state of North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. Bermuda is an ...

, West Atlantic) ***** Macquarie Islands teal, ''Anas'' cf. ''chlorotis'' (Macquarie Islands, Southwest Pacific) ***** Chatham duck, '' Anas chathamica'' (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific) ** Placement unresolved *** Giant O'ahu goose, Anatidae sp. et gen. indet. (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands) *** Long-legged shelduck, Anatidae sp. et gen. indet. (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands) *** Rota flightless duck, Anatidae sp. et gen. indet. (Rota, Marianas)

Pangalliformes Pangalliformes is the scientific name of a provisional clade of birds within the group Galloanserae. It is defined as all birds more closely related to chickens than to ducks, and includes all modern chickens, turkeys, pheasants, and megapodes, ...

The group that includes modern

chicken The chicken (''Gallus gallus domesticus'') is a domesticated subspecies of the red junglefowl (''Gallus gallus''), originally native to Southeast Asia. It was first domesticated around 8,000 years ago and is now one of the most common and w ...

s and

quail Quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized birds generally placed in the order Galliformes. The collective noun for a group of quail is a flock, covey, or bevy. Old World quail are placed in the family Phasianidae, and New ...

s. * † Sylviornithidae – sylviornises or New Caledonian giant megapodes ** †''Megavitiornis'' *** Noble megapode or deep-billed megapode, '' Megavitiornis altirostris'' (

Viti Levu Viti Levu (pronounced ; ) is the largest island in Fiji. It is the site of the country's capital and largest city, Suva, and home to a large majority of Fiji's population. Geology Fiji lies in a plate tectonics, tectonically complex area betwe ...

Fiji Fiji, officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists of an archipelago of more than 330 islands—of which about ...

) ** †'' Sylviornis'' *** ''Sylviornis neocaledoniae'' (

New Caledonia New Caledonia ( ; ) is a group of islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, southwest of Vanuatu and east of Australia. Located from Metropolitan France, it forms a Overseas France#Sui generis collectivity, ''sui generis'' collectivity of t ...

Melanesia Melanesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It extends from New Guinea in the west to the Fiji Islands in the east, and includes the Arafura Sea. The region includes the four independent countries of Fiji, Vanu ...

) True

Galliformes Galliformes is an order (biology), order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkey (bird), turkeys, chickens, Old World quail, quail, and other landfowl. Gallinaceous birds, as they are called, are important in their ecosystems ...

* Megapodidae – megapodes ** †'' Mwalau'' *** ''Mwalau walterlinii'' (

Efate Efate (), also known as Île Vate (), is an island in the Pacific Ocean which is part of the Shefa Province in Vanuatu. Geography It is the most populous (approx. 66,000) island in Vanuatu. Efate's land area of makes it Vanuatu's third larg ...

Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (; ), is an island country in Melanesia located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, east o ...

) ** †''

Progura ''Progura'' is an extinct genus of megapode that was native to Australia. It was described from Plio-Pleistocene deposits at the Darling Downs and Chinchilla, Queensland, Chinchilla in southeastern Queensland by Charles De Vis. Taxonomy Compa ...

'' ***

Giant malleefowl ''Progura'' is an extinct genus of megapode that was native to Australia. It was described from Plio-Pleistocene deposits at the Darling Downs and Chinchilla, Queensland, Chinchilla in southeastern Queensland by Charles De Vis. Taxonomy Compa ...

, ''Progura gallinacea'' (

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

) (''Progura gallinacea'' and ''Progura naracoortensis'' are synonyms) ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Megapodius'' – megapodes **** Consumed scrubfowl, ''Megapodius alimentum'' (

Tonga Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga, is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania. The country has 171 islands, of which 45 are inhabited. Its total surface area is about , scattered over in the southern Pacific Ocean. accordin ...

and Fiji) **** Viti Levu scrubfowl, ''Megapodius amissus'' (Viti Levu and possibly Kadavu and

Aiwa Aiwa (, stylised aiwa) is a Japanese consumer electronics brand of Aiwa Co. Ltd., a subsidiary of Towada Audio holdings. The current company was established in 2017 and creates mainly audio products; the brand is also licensed to or owned by othe ...

, Fiji) – may have survived to the early 19th or the 20th century **** Pile-builder megapode, ''Megapodius molistructor'' (New Caledonia, Tonga and possibly Aiwa, Fiji) **** Eua scrubfowl or small-footed megapode, ''Megapodius'' sp. ( Eua, Tonga) **** Lifuka scrubfowl, ''Megapodius'' sp. ( Lifuka, Tonga) **** Stout Tongan megapode ''Megapodius'' sp. (

Tongatapu Tongatapu is the main island of Tonga and the site of its capital, Nukuʻalofa, Nukualofa. It is located in Tonga's southern island group, to which it gives its name, and is the country's most populous island, with 74,611 residents (2016), 70.5% o ...

, Tonga) **** ''Megapodius'' sp. ( Ofu,

Samoa Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa and known until 1997 as Western Samoa, is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania, in the South Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu), two smaller, inhabited ...

) **** Large Solomon Islands megapode ''Megapodius'' sp. (

Buka Island Buka Island is the second-largest island in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, in eastern Papua New Guinea. It is in Buka Rural LLG of North Bougainville District, with the Autonomous Region's and district's capital city of Buka, Bougai ...

Solomon Islands Solomon Islands, also known simply as the Solomons,John Prados, ''Islands of Destiny'', Dutton Caliber, 2012, p,20 and passim is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 1000 smaller islands in Melanesia, part of Oceania, t ...

) **** New Caledonian megapode ''Megapodius'' sp. ( Grande Tierre,

) **** Loyalty megapode ''Megapodius'' sp. (

Lifou Lifou () is a communes of France, commune of France in the Loyalty Islands Province of New Caledonia, Pacific Ocean. Geography Lifou is made up of Lifou Island, the largest and most heavily populated of the Loyalty Islands, its smaller neighbou ...

and Maré,

Loyalty Islands Loyalty Islands Province (, ) is one of the three top-level administrative subdivisions of New Caledonia. It encompasses the Loyalty Islands () archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, located northeast of the New Caledonian mainland of Grande Terre. ...

) **** New Ireland scrubfowl or large Bismarck's megapode, ''Megapodius'' sp. ( New Ireland, Melanesia) *

Phasianidae Phasianidae is a family (biology), family of heavy, ground-living birds, which includes pheasants, grouse, partridges, junglefowl, chickens, Turkey bird, turkeys, Old World quail, and peafowl. The family includes many of the most popular Game (hu ...

– pheasants and allies ** Extinct species of extant genera ** Gallini – francolins and junglefowl *** '' Gallus'' – junglefowl **** ''Gallus'' sp. (Middle/Late Pleistocene of Kudaro, South Ossetia) **** '' Gallus imereticus'' (Late Pleistocene of Gvardjilas-Klde, Imeretia) **** '' Gallus meschtscheriensis'' (Late Pleistocene of Soungir, Russia) **** '' Gallus georgicus'' (Late Pleistocene - Early Holocene of Georgia **** ''Gallus'' sp. (Late Pleistocene of Krivtcha Cave, Ukraine) **** ''Gallus'' sp. (Early Holocene of Dnieper region) **

Coturnicini Coturnicini is a tribe of birds in the subfamily Phasianinae. It contains the Old World quail, Snowcock, snowcocks, and African spurfowl, among others. Members of this tribe have a wide range throughout Africa, Eurasia, and Australasia. This trib ...

*** ''

Coturnix ''Coturnix'' is a genus of five extant species and five to eight known extinct species of Old World quail. Range These species are distributed throughout Africa, Eurasia, Australia, and formerly New Zealand. An extinct Adaptive radiation, radiat ...

'' **** Canary Islands quail, ''Coturnix gomerae'' (

Canary Islands The Canary Islands (; ) or Canaries are an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean and the southernmost Autonomous communities of Spain, Autonomous Community of Spain. They are located in the northwest of Africa, with the closest point to the cont ...

, East Atlantic) **** Porto Santo quail, ''Coturnix alabrevis'' (

Madeira Madeira ( ; ), officially the Autonomous Region of Madeira (), is an autonomous Regions of Portugal, autonomous region of Portugal. It is an archipelago situated in the North Atlantic Ocean, in the region of Macaronesia, just under north of ...

, East Atlantic) **** Cape Verde quail, ''Coturnix centensis'' (Cape Verde, East Atlantic) **** Madeiran quail, ''Coturnix lignorum'' (Madeira, East Atlantic) **

Phasianinae The Phasianinae (Thomas Horsfield, Horsfield, 1821) are a subfamily (biology), subfamily of the pheasant family (Phasianidae) of landfowl, the order (biology), order Galliformes. The subfamily includes true pheasants, tragopans, grouse, Turkey ( ...

*** Tetraonini **** '' Meleagris'' – turkeys Meleagris NT

*****

Californian turkey The Californian turkey (''Meleagris californica'') is an extinct species of turkey that lived during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene epochs in California. It has been estimated that the Californian turkey went extinct about 10,000 years ago. ...

, ''Meleagris californica'' (California,

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

) *** Phasianini **** ''

Perdix ''Perdix'' is a genus of Galliformes, Galliform gamebirds known collectively as the 'true partridges'. These birds are unrelated to the subtropical species that have been named after the partridge due to similar size and Morphology (biology), m ...

'' ***** '' Perdix palaeoperdix'' (Southern Europe)

Charadriiformes

Gull Gulls, or colloquially seagulls, are seabirds of the subfamily Larinae. They are most closely related to terns and skimmers, distantly related to auks, and even more distantly related to waders. Until the 21st century, most gulls were placed ...

auk Auks or alcids are birds of the family Alcidae in the order Charadriiformes. The alcid family includes the Uria, murres, guillemots, Aethia, auklets, puffins, and Brachyramphus, murrelets. The family contains 25 extant or recently extinct speci ...

s and

shorebirds FIle:Vadare - Ystad-2021.jpg, 245px, A flock of Dunlins and Red knots Waders or shorebirds are birds of the order Charadriiformes commonly found wikt:wade#Etymology 1, wading along shorelines and mudflats in order to foraging, forage for food c ...

Charadrii FIle:Vadare - Ystad-2021.jpg, 245px, A flock of Dunlins and Red knots Waders or shorebirds are birds of the order Charadriiformes commonly found wikt:wade#Etymology 1, wading along shorelines and mudflats in order to foraging, forage for food c ...

* Charadriidae – lapwings and plovers ** Vanellinae – lapwings *** Extinct species of extant genera **** ''

Vanellus ''Vanellus'' is the genus of waders which provisionally contains all lapwings except red-kneed dotterel, ''Erythrogonys cinctus''. The name "''vanellus''" is Latin for "little fan", ''vanellus'' being the diminutive of ''vannus'' ("Winnowing#In ...

'' ***** Malagasy lapwing, ''Vanellus madagascariensis'' (Madagascar)

Scolopaci

Scolopacidae Scolopacidae is a large family of shorebirds, or waders, which mainly includes many species known as sandpipers, but also others such as woodcocks, curlews and snipes. Most of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil ...

– waders and snipes ** Scolopacinae – dowitchers, snipes and woodcocks ***Extinct species of extant genera **** '' Scolopax'' – woodcocks ***** '' Scolopax anthonyi'' (Puerto Rico, West Indies) ***** '' Scolopax brachycarpa'' (Hispaniola, West Indies) – may have survived into historic times **** ''

Coenocorypha The austral snipes, also known as the New Zealand snipes or tutukiwi, are a genus, ''Coenocorypha'', of tiny birds in the sandpiper family (biology), family, which are now only found on New Zealand outlying islands, New Zealand's outlying islands ...

'' – austral snipes ***** Forbes's snipe, ''Coenocorypha chathamensis'' (

Chatham Islands The Chatham Islands ( ; Moriori language, Moriori: , 'Misty Sun'; ) are an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean about east of New Zealand's South Island, administered as part of New Zealand, and consisting of about 10 islands within an approxima ...

, Southwest Pacific) ***** Viti Levu snipe, ''Coenocorypha miratropica'' (Viti Levu, Fiji) ***** New Caledonian snipe, ''Coenocorypha neocaledonica'' (New Caledonia, Melanesia) ***** Norfolk Island snipe, ''Coenocorypha'' sp. (

Norfolk Island Norfolk Island ( , ; ) is an States and territories of Australia, external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head, New South Wales, Evans Head and a ...

, Southwest Pacific) **** ''

Gallinago ''Gallinago'' is a genus of birds in the wader family Scolopacidae, containing 18 species. Taxonomy The name ''Gallinago'' was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 as a subdivision of the genus ''Scolopax''. Bri ...

'' ***** '' Gallinago kakuki'' (

Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...

Cayman Brac Cayman Brac is an island that is part of the Cayman Islands. It lies in the Caribbean Sea about north-east of Grand Cayman and east of Little Cayman. It is about long, with an average width of . Its terrain is the most prominent of the thre ...

Cayman Islands The Cayman Islands () is a self-governing British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territory, and the largest by population. The territory comprises the three islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac and Little Cayman, which are located so ...

Bahamas The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an archipelagic and island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the Atlantic Ocean. It contains 97 per cent of the archipelago's land area and 88 per cent of its population. ...

, West Indies) ** Arenariinae – turnstones and stints ***Extinct species of extant genera **** '' Prosobonia'' ***** Henderson sandpiper, ''Prosobonia sauli'' ( Henderson Island, South Pacific) ***** Mangaian sandpiper, ''Prosobonia'' sp. ( Mangaia,

Cook Islands The Cook Islands is an island country in Polynesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It consists of 15 islands whose total land area is approximately . The Cook Islands' Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers of ocean. Avarua is its ...

) ***** Ua Huka sandpiper, ''Prosobonia'' sp. (

Ua Huka Ua Huka is one of the Marquesas Islands, in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean. It is situated in the northern group of the archipelago, approximately to the east of Nuku Hiva, at . Name Ua Huka in Marquesan ...

Marquesas Islands The Marquesas Islands ( ; or ' or ' ; Marquesan language, Marquesan: ' (North Marquesan language, North Marquesan) and ' (South Marquesan language, South Marquesan), both meaning "the land of men") are a group of volcano, volcanic islands in ...

)

Lari

Alcidae Auks or alcids are birds of the family Alcidae in the order Charadriiformes. The alcid family includes the murres, guillemots, auklets, puffins, and murrelets. The family contains 25 extant or recently extinct species that are divided into ...

– auks ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Fratercula'' - puffins **** Dow's puffin, ''Fratercula dowi'' (Channel Islands, East Pacific) * Laridae – gulls ** Extinct species of extant genera *** ''

Chroicocephalus ''Chroicocephalus'' is a genus of medium to relatively small gulls which were included in the genus ''Larus'' until genetic evidence published in 2005 showed that ''Larus'' as then constituted was paraphyly, paraphyletic. Ten species are currentl ...

'' **** Huahine gull or Society Islands gull, ''Chroicocephalus utunui'' (

Huahine Huahine is an island located among the Society Islands, in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean, South Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Leeward Islands (Society Islands), Leeward Islands group ''(Îles sous le V ...

Society Islands The Society Islands ( , officially ; ) are an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean that includes the major islands of Tahiti, Mo'orea, Moorea, Raiatea, Bora Bora and Huahine. Politically, they are part of French Polynesia, an overseas country ...

) *** ''

Larus ''Larus'' is a large genus of gulls with worldwide distribution (by far the greatest species diversity is in the Northern Hemisphere). Many of its species are abundant and well-known birds in their ranges. Until about 2005–2007, most gulls ...

'' **** Kauai gull, ''Larus'' sp. (

Kauai Kauai (), anglicized as Kauai ( or ), is one of the main Hawaiian Islands. It has an area of 562.3 square miles (1,456.4 km2), making it the fourth-largest of the islands and the 21st-largest island in the United States. Kauai lies 73 m ...

Hawaiian Islands The Hawaiian Islands () are an archipelago of eight major volcanic islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the Pacific Ocean, North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the Hawaii (island), island of Hawaii in the south to nort ...

) **** ''Larus'' sp. (

Saint Helena Saint Helena (, ) is one of the three constituent parts of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, a remote British overseas territory. Saint Helena is a volcanic and tropical island, located in the South Atlantic Ocean, some 1,874 km ...

, Atlantic) – may be a still-existing form

Gruiformes

The group that includes modern

rails Rail or rails may refer to: Rail transport *Rail transport and related matters * Railway track or railway lines, the running surface of a railway Arts and media Film * ''Rails'' (film), a 1929 Italian film by Mario Camerini * ''Rail'' (1967 fi ...

and cranes. *

Rallidae Rails (avian family Rallidae) are a large, Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan family (biology), family of small- to medium-sized terrestrial and/or semi-amphibious birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity in its forms, and includes ...

– rails ** †''Capellirallus'' (syn. ''Gallirallus'') *** Snipe-rail, ''Capellirallus karamu'' ( North Island, New Zealand) ** †''Vitirallus'' (syn. ''Gallirallus'') *** Viti Levu rail, ''Vitirallus watlingi'' (Viti Levu,

) ** †''Hovacrex'' (syn. ''Gallinula'') *** Hova gallinule, ''Hovacrex roberti'' (

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

) ** †'' Nesotrochis'' *** Antillean cave rail, ''Nesotrochis debooyi'' (

Puerto Rico ; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...

and Virgin Islands, West Indies) – may have survived into historic times ** Extinct species of extant genera ** ''

Porphyrio ''Porphyrio'' is the swamphen or swamp hen bird genus in the rail family. It includes some smaller species of gallinules which are sometimes separated as genus ''Porphyrula'' or united with the gallinules proper (or "moorhens") in '' Gallinula' ...

'' – swamphens *** New Caledonian gallinule, ''Porphyrio kukwiedei'' (

, Melanesia) – may have survived into historic times ***

North Island takahē The North Island takahē () (''Porphyrio mantelli'') is an extinct species of flightless swamphen that was native to the North Island of New Zealand. It is closely related to the living South Island takahē. Description This flightless speci ...

, ''Porphyrio mantelli'' (North Island, New Zealand) *** Huahine swamphen, ''Porphyrio mcnabi'' (Huahine, Society Islands) *** Marquesas swamphen, ''Porphyrio paepae'' (Hiva Oa and Tahuata, Marquesas) – may have survived to the late 19th century *** Buka swamphen, ''Porphyrio'' sp. (Buka, Solomon Islands) *** Giant swamphen, ''Porphyrio'' sp. (New Ireland, Melanesia) *** Mangaia swamphen, ''Porphyrio'' sp. (Mangaia,

) (not to genus ''Pareudiastes'') *** New Ireland swamphen, ''Porphyrio'' sp. (New Ireland, Melanesia) *** Norfolk Island swamphen, ''Porphyrio'' sp. (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific) *** Rota swamphen, ''Porphyrio'' sp. (Rota, Marianas) ** ''

Rallus ''Rallus'' is a genus of wetland birds of the Rallidae, rail family. Sometimes, the genera ''Lewinia'' and ''Gallirallus'' are included in it. Six of the species are found in the Americas, and the three species found in Eurasia, Africa and Mada ...

'' *** Ibiza rail, ''Rallus eivissensis'' (Ibiza, Mediterranean) *** Madeira rail, ''Rallus lowei'' (Madeira, Macaronesia) *** Porto Santo rail, ''Rallus adolfocaesaris'' (Porto Santo Island, Macaronesia) *** ''Rallus'' sp. (known from

remains found on Madeira and Porto Santo Island) *** São Miguel rail, ''Rallus carvaoensis'' (São Miguel Island, Azores) *** Pico rail, ''Rallus montivagorum'' (Pico Island, Azores) *** São Jorge rail, ''Rallus nanus'' (São Jorge Island, Azores) (erroneously previously described as ''Rallus minutus'', which is a junior homonym) *** Graciosa rail, ''Rallus'' sp. (Graciosa, Azores) *** Terceira rail, ''Rallus'' sp. (Terceira, Azores) *** Santa Maria rail, ''Rallus'' sp. (Santa Maria Island, Azores) ** ''

Gallirallus ''Gallirallus'' is a genus of Rallidae, rails that live in the Australasian-Pacific region. The genus is characterised by an ability to colonise relatively small and isolated islands and thereafter to evolve flightless forms, many of which beca ...

'' *** Lifuka rail, ''Gallirallus'' sp. (Lifuka, Tonga) *** Nuku Hiva rail, ''Gallirallus epulare'' (Nuku Hiva,

Marquesas The Marquesas Islands ( ; or ' or ' ; Marquesan: ' ( North Marquesan) and ' ( South Marquesan), both meaning "the land of men") are a group of volcanic islands in French Polynesia, an overseas collectivity of France in the southern Pacific ...

) *** Ua Huka rail, ''Gallirallus gracilitibia'' (Ua Huka, Marquesas) *** Niue rail, ''Gallirallus huiatua'' (Niue, Cook Islands) *** Mangaia rail, ''Gallirallus ripleyi'' (Mangaia, Cook Islands) *** Tahuata rail, ''Gallirallus roletti'' (Tahuata, Marquesas) *** Huahine rail, ''Gallirallus storrsolsoni'' (Huahine, Society Islands) *** Hiva Oa rail, ''Gallirallus'' sp. (Marquesas, Pacific) *** Eua rail, ''Gallirallus vekamatolu'' (Eua, Tonga) *** Rota rail, ''Gallirallus temptatus'' (Rota, Marianas, West Pacific) *** Aguiguan rail, ''Gallirallus pisonii'' (Aguiguan, Marianas, West Pacific) *** Tinian rail, ''Gallirallus pendiculentus'' (Tinian, Marianas, West Pacific) *** Saipan rail, ''Gallirallus'' sp. (Saipan, Marianas, West Pacific) *** New Ireland rail, ''Gallirallus ernstmayri'' (New Ireland, Melanesia) *** Norfolk Island rail, ''Gallirallus'' sp. (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific) – may have survived to the 19th century ** '' Porzana'' *** Great Oahu crake, ''Porzana ralphorum'' (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands) *** Great Maui crake, ''Porzana severnsi'' (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) *** Mangaia crake, ''Porzana rua'' (Mangaia, Cook Islands) *** Liliput crake, ''Porzana menehune'' (Moloka'i, Hawaiian Islands) *** Small O‘ahu crake, ''Porzana ziegleri'' (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands) *** Small Maui crake, ''Porzana keplerorum'' (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) *** Easter Island crake, ''Porzana'' sp. (Easter Island, Southeast Pacific) *** Great Hawaiian crake, ''Porzana'' sp. (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands) *** Great Kaua‘i crake, ''Porzana'' sp. (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands) *** Huahine crake, ''Porzana'' sp. (Huahine, Society Islands) *** Mangaia crake #2, ''Porzana'' sp. (Mangaia, Cook Islands) *** Marquesas crake, ''Porzana'' sp. (Ua Huka, Marquesas) *** Mariana crake, ''Porzana'' sp. (Marianas, West Pacific) – possibly four species *** Medium Kaua'i crake, ''Porzana'' sp. (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands) *** Medium Maui crake, ''Porzana'' sp. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) *** Small Hawaiian crake, ''Porzana'' sp. (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands) ** '' Tribonyx'' *** Hodgens' waterhen, ''Tribonyx hodgenorum'' (New Zealand) ** '' Gallinula'' *** Viti Levu gallinule, ?''Gallinula'' sp. (Viti Levu, Fiji) – would be separated into ''Pareudiastes'' if that genus is considered valid, or may be a new genus ** '' Hypotaenidia'' *** Vavau rail, ''Hypotaenidia vavauensis'' (Vava'u, Tonga) ** '' Fulica'' – coots *** New Zealand coot, ''Fulica prisca'' (New Zealand) *** Chatham coot, ''Fulica chathamensis'' (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific) *** '' Fulica montanei'' (Chile) ** Placement unresolved *** Barbados rail, Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (

Barbados Barbados, officially the Republic of Barbados, is an island country in the Atlantic Ocean. It is part of the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies and the easternmost island of the Caribbean region. It lies on the boundary of the South American ...

, West Indies) – formerly ''Fulica podagrica'' (''partim'') *** Easter Island rail, Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (

Easter Island Easter Island (, ; , ) is an island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania. The island is renowned for its nearly 1,000 extant monumental statues, ...

) *** Fernando de Noronha rail, Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Fernando de Noronha, Atlantic) – probably survived into historic times * Gruidae – cranes ** Extinct species of extant genera *** ''

Antigone ANTIGONE (Algorithms for coNTinuous / Integer Global Optimization of Nonlinear Equations), is a deterministic global optimization solver for general Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programs (MINLP). History ANTIGONE is an evolution of GloMIQO, a global ...

'' **** Cuban flightless crane, '' Antigone cubensis'' (Cuba, West Indies) *** '' Grus'' **** Large Crane, '' Grus primigenia'' (Malta) * † Aptornithidae – adzebills (probably belongs in a separate order) ** †''Aptornis'' Aptornis BW

*** North Island adzebill, ''Aptornis otidiformis'' (North Island, New Zealand) *** South Island adzebill, ''Aptornis defossor'' (South Island, New Zealand)

Eurypygiformes

* Rhynochetidae – kagus ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Rhynochetos'' **** Lowland kagu, ''Rhynochetos orarius'' (New Caledonia, Melanesia)

Procellariiformes

The group that includes modern

albatross Albatrosses, of the biological family Diomedeidae, are large seabirds related to the procellariids, storm petrels, and diving petrels in the order Procellariiformes (the tubenoses). They range widely in the Southern Ocean and the North Paci ...

es,

shearwater Shearwaters are medium-sized long-winged seabirds in the petrel family Procellariidae. They have a global marine distribution, but are most common in temperate and cold waters, and are pelagic outside the breeding season. Description These tube ...

petrel Petrels are tube-nosed seabirds in the phylogenetic order Procellariiformes. Description Petrels are a monophyletic group of marine seabirds, sharing a characteristic of a nostril arrangement that results in the name "tubenoses". Petrels enco ...

s and

storm petrel Storm petrel or stormy petrel may refer to one of two bird family (biology), families, both in the order Procellariiformes, once treated as the same family. The two families are: * Northern storm petrels (''Hydrobatidae'') are found in the No ...

s. *

Procellariidae The family (biology), family Procellariidae is a group of seabirds that comprises the fulmarine petrels, the gadfly petrels, the diving petrels, the prion (bird), prions, and the shearwaters. This family is part of the bird order (biology), orde ...

– petrels ** Extinct species of extant genera ***

Puffinus ''Puffinus'' is a genus of seabirds in the order Procellariiformes that contains about 20 small to medium-sized shearwaters. Two other shearwater genera are named: '' Calonectris'', which comprises three or four large shearwaters, and '' Ardenna ...

**** Dune shearwater or Hole's shearwater, ''Puffinus holeae'' (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, East Pacific, and the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula) ****

Lava shearwater The lava shearwater (''Puffinus olsoni''), or Olson's shearwater, was a species of shearwater that bred on Lanzarote and Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands. It is known from fossil remains, and was only described in 1990. It was intermediate ...

or Olson's shearwater, ''Puffinus olsoni'' (Canary Islands, East Atlantic) Puffinus olsoni restoration

**** Saint Helena shearwater, ''Puffinus pacificoides'' (St. Helena, South Atlantic) **** Scarlett's shearwater, ''Puffinus spelaeus'' (South Island, New Zealand) **** Menorcan shearwater, ''Puffinus'' sp. (Menorca, Balearic Islands) – possibly an

extirpated Local extinction, also extirpation, is the termination of a species (or other taxon) in a chosen geographic area of study, though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions. Local extinctions mark a chan ...

population of a still-existing species **** Eua shearwater, ''Puffinus'' sp. (Eua, Tonga) **** Eua petrel, ''Puffinus'' sp. (Eua, Tonga) *** Pterodroma **** Oahu petrel, ''Pterodroma jugabilis'' (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands) **** Canary Islands petrel, ''Pterodroma'' sp. (El Hierro, Canary Islands) – possibly an extirpated population of a still-existing species ****

Imber's petrel Imber's petrel (''Pterodroma imberi'') is an extinct seabird of gadfly petrel from the Chatham Islands The Chatham Islands ( ; Moriori language, Moriori: , 'Misty Sun'; ) are an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean about east of New Zealand's ...

, ''Pterodroma imberi'' (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific) **** ''Pterodroma'' sp. (Henderson Island, S Pacific) **** ''Pterodroma'' sp. (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific) **** Bourne's petrel, ''Pterodroma'' sp. (Rodrigues) **** ''Pseudobulweria'' sp. ( Taravai, Angakauitai,

Mangareva Mangareva is the central and largest island of the Gambier Islands in French Polynesia. It is surrounded by smaller islands: Taravai in the southwest, Aukena and Akamaru in the southeast, and islands in the north. Mangareva has a permanent p ...

) *** Placement unresolved **** Procellariidae sp. (

, East Pacific) – possibly an extirpated population of a still-existing species

Sphenisciformes

Spheniscidae Penguins are a group of Water bird, aquatic flightless birds from the family (biology), family Spheniscidae () of the order (biology), order Sphenisciformes (). They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Only one species, the G ...

– penguins ** Extinct species of extant genera *** ''

Eudyptes ''Eudyptes'' is a genus of penguins whose members are collectively called crested penguins. The exact number of species in the genus varies between four and eight depending on the authority, and a Chatham Islands species became extinct in recent ...

'' – crested penguins **** Chatham penguin, '' Eudyptes warhami'' (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific) – possibly still existed between 1867 and 1872 *** '' Megadyptes'' **** Waitaha penguin, ''Megadyptes waitaha'' (South Island and Stewart Island, New Zealand)

Ciconiiformes

* Ciconiidae – storks ** Extinct species of extant genera *** ''

Leptoptilos ''Leptoptilos'' is a genus of very large tropical storks, commonly known as adjutants. The name means thin (''lepto'') feather (''ptilos''). Two species are resident breeders in southern Asia, and the marabou stork is found in Sub-Saharan Afri ...

'' **** '' Leptoptilos robustus'' (Flores, Indonesia) *** ''

Ciconia __NOTOC__ ''Ciconia'' ( ; ) is a genus of birds in the stork family. Six of the seven living species occur in the Old World, but the maguari stork has a South American range. In addition, fossils suggest that ''Ciconia'' storks were somewhat mo ...

'' **** Asphalt stork or La Brea stork, '' Ciconia maltha'' (Western and Southern U.S.) *** ''

Mycteria ''Mycteria'' is a genus of large subtropical and tropical storks (Family Ciconiidae) with representatives in the Americas, east Africa, and southern and southeastern Asia. Two species have "ibis" in their scientific or old common names, but the ...

'' **** '' Mycteria wetmorei'' (Cuba, West Indies)

Suliformes

The group that includes modern boobies,

gannet Gannets are seabirds comprising the genus ''Morus'' in the family Sulidae, closely related to boobies. They are known as 'solan' or 'solan goose' in Scotland. A common misconception is that the Scottish name is 'guga' but this is the Gaelic n ...

s and

cormorant Phalacrocoracidae is a family of approximately 40 species of aquatic birds commonly known as cormorants and shags. Several different classifications of the family have been proposed, but in 2021 the International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) ado ...

s. * Phalacrocoracidae – cormorants and shags ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Microcarbo'' **** Serventy's cormorant, '' Microcarbo serventyorum'' (Western Australia) *** '' Phalacrocorax'' **** Madagascar cormorant, ''Phalacrocorax'' sp. (Madagascar) *** '' Leucocarbo'' **** Kohatu shag, ''Leucocarbo septentrionalis'' (North Island, New Zealand) *

Sulidae The bird family Sulidae comprises the gannets and boobies. Collectively called sulids, they are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish and similar prey. The 10 species in this family are often considered congeneric in older so ...

– gannets and boobies ** Extinct subspecies of extant species *** Ua Huka booby, ''Papasula abbotti costelloi'' (Ua Huka, Marquesas)

Pelecaniformes

Ardeidae Herons are long-legged, long-necked, freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae, with 75 recognised species, some of which are referred to as egrets or bitterns rather than herons. Members of the genus '' Botaurus'' are referred to as ...

– herons ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Ardea'' **** Bennu heron, ''Ardea bennuides'' (United Arab Emirates) *** '' Nycticorax'' **** Niue night heron, ''Nycticorax kalavikai'' (Niue) **** Eua night heron, ''Nycticorax'' sp. ('Eua, Tonga) **** Lifuka night heron, ''Nycticorax'' sp. (Lifuka, Tonga) – may be synonymous with the Eua night heron **** Mangaia night heron, ''Nycticorax'' sp. (Mangaia, Cook Islands) ** Placement unresolved *** Ardeidae gen. et sp. indet. (Easter Island, East Pacific) * Threskiornithidae – ibises ** †'' Apteribis'' *** Maui highland ibis, ''Apteribis brevis'' (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) *** Molokai ibis, ''Apteribis glenos'' (Molokai, Hawaiian Islands) *** Maui lowland ibis, ''Apteribis'' sp. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) *** Lanai ibis, ''Apteribis'' sp. (Lanai, Hawaiian Islands) ** †''Xenicibis'' *** Jamaican ibis, ''Xenicibis xympithecus'' (Jamaica, West Indies)

Cathartiformes

* † Teratornithidae – teratorns ** †''

Teratornis ''Teratornis'' (Greek: "wonder" (teratos), "bird" (ornis)) is an extinct genus of huge North American birds of prey—the best-known of the teratorns—of which, two species are known to have existed: ''Teratornis merriami'' and ''Teratornis woo ...

'' *** Merriam's teratorn, ''Teratornis merriami'' (Southwestern and Southeastern U.S.) ** †''

Oscaravis ''Oscaravis'' is an extinct genus of large, predatory bird that inhabited what is now modern-day Cuba before going extinct at the end of the Pleistocene epoch. The sole species, ''Oscaravis olsoni'' (also known as the Cuban teratorn), was previou ...

'' *** Cuban teratorn, ''Oscaravis olsoni'' (Cuba, West Indies) *

Cathartidae Cathartidae, known commonly as New World vultures or condors, are a family of birds of prey consisting of seven extant species in five genera. It includes five extant vultures and two extant condors found in the Americas. They are known as "New W ...

– New World vultures ** †'' Pampagyps'' *** ''Pampagyps imperator'' (Argentina) ** †'' Wingegyps'' *** ''Wingegyps cartellei'' (Brazil) ** †'' Pleistovultur'' *** ''Pleistovultur nevesi'' (Brazil) ** †'' Geronogyps'' *** ''Geronogyps reliquus'' (Peru and Argentina) ** †'' Breagyps'' *** La Brea condor or long-legged vulture, ''Breagyps clarki'' (Southwestern U.S.) ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Cathartes'' **** Emslie's vulture, '' Cathartes emsliei'' (Cuba, West Indies) *** '' Coragyps'' **** Pleistocene black vulture, ''Coragyps occidentalis'' (Southwestern and Western U.S.) *** ''

Gymnogyps ''Gymnogyps'' is a genus of New World vultures in the family Cathartidae. There are five known species in the genus, with only one being extant, the California condor. Fossil species *'' Gymnogyps amplus'' was first described by L. H. Miller ...

'' **** Cuban condor, '' Gymnogyps varonai'' (Cuba, West Indies)

Phoenicopteriformes

The group that includes modern

flamingo Flamingos or flamingoes () are a type of wading bird in the family Phoenicopteridae, which is the only extant family in the order Phoenicopteriformes. There are four flamingo species distributed throughout the Americas (including the Caribbe ...

s. *

Phoenicopteridae Flamingos or flamingoes () are a type of wading bird in the family Phoenicopteridae, which is the only extant family in the order Phoenicopteriformes. There are four flamingo species distributed throughout the Americas (including the Caribbe ...

- flamingos ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Phoenicopterus'' **** '' Phoenicopterus copei'' (Late Pleistocene of Western North America and Central Mexico) **** '' Phoenicopterus minutus'' (Late Pleistocene of California, U.S.)

Mesitornithiformes

* Mesitornithidae – mesites **Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Monias'' **** ''Monias'' sp. (Madagascar)

Columbiformes

Columbidae Columbidae is a bird Family (biology), family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the Order (biology), order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with small heads, relatively short necks and slender bills that in ...

– doves and pigeons ** †''Dysmoropelia'' *** Saint Helena dove, ''Dysmoropelia dekarchiskos'' (Saint Helena, South Atlantic) – known from Late Pleistocene bones, but may have persisted until the 16th century ** †''Natunaornis'' *** Viti Levu giant pigeon, ''Natunaornis gigoura'' (Viti Levu, Fiji) ** †'' Bountyphaps'' *** Henderson Island archaic pigeon, ''Bountyphaps obsoleta'' (Henderson Island, South Pacific) ** †'' Tongoenas'' *** Tongan giant pigeon, ''Tongoenas burleyi'' (Tonga) ** Extinct species of extant genera *** Huahine cuckoo-dove, ''Macropygia arevarevauupa'' (Huahine, Society Islands) *** Marquesas cuckoo-dove, ''Macropygia heana'' (Marquesas, Pacific) *** Puerto Rican quail-dove, ''Geotrygon larva'' (Puerto Rico, West Indies) *** Great ground dove, ''Pampusana nui'' (Marquesas and Cook Islands) *** Henderson ground dove, ''Pampusana leonpascoi'' (Henderson Island, South Pacific) *** New Caledonian ground dove, ''Pampusana longitarsus'' (New Caledonia) *** Huahine ground dove, ''Pampusana'' sp. (Huahine, Society Islands) – ''P. nui''? *** Mangaia ground dove, ''Pampusana'' sp. (Mangaia, Cook Islands) – ''P. nui''? *** Rota ground dove, ''Pampusana'' sp. (Rota, Marianas) *** Tongan tooth-billed pigeon, ''Didunculus placopedetes'' (Tonga, Pacific) *** Kanaka pigeon, ''Caloenas canacorum'' (New Caledonia, Tonga) *** Henderson imperial pigeon, ''Ducula harrisoni'' (Henderson Island, South Pacific) *** Lakeba imperial pigeon, ''Ducula lakeba'' (Lakeba, Fiji) *** Steadman's imperial pigeon, ''Ducula david'' ('Eua, Tonga, and Wallis Island) *** Tongan imperial pigeon, ''Ducula'' sp. ('Eua, Foa and Lifuka, Tonga) – may be synonymous with either ''D. lakeba'' or ''D. david'', or possibly a new species *** Shutler's fruit pigeon, ''Ducula shutleri'' (Vava'u and Tongatapu, Tonga) *** ''Ducula'' cf. ''galeata'' (Cook Islands) – possibly a new species *** ''Ducula'' cf. ''galeata'' (Society Islands) – possibly a new species *** ''Ducula'' sp. (Viti Levu, Fiji) – may be synonymous with ''D. lakeba'' *** Tubuai fruit dove, ''Ptilinopus'' sp. (Tubuai, Austral Islands) *** '' Columba melitensis'' (Malta, Sicily)

Cuculiformes

* Cuculidae – cuckoos ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Urodynamis'' **** Henderson Island koel, ''Urodynamis'' cf. ''taitensis'' ( Henderson Island, South Pacific) – most likely synonymous with the still-extant Long-tailed koel. *** '' Coua''couas, a genus endemic to

**** Ancient coua, ''Coua primaeva'' (Madagascar) **** Bertha's coua, ''

Coua berthae Couas are large, mostly terrestrial birds of the cuckoo family, endemic to the island of Madagascar. Couas are reminiscent of African turacos when walking along tree branches, and they likewise feature brightly coloured bare skin around the ey ...

'' (Madagascar) ** Extinct subspecies of extant species *** Conkling's greater roadrunner, ''Geococcyx californianus conklingi'' (inland Southwestern North America)

Accipitriformes

Birds of prey *

Accipitridae The Accipitridae () is one of the four families within the order Accipitriformes, and is a family of small to large birds of prey with strongly hooked bills and variable morphology based on diet. They feed on a range of prey items from insects ...

– hawks and eagles ** †''Bermuteo'' *** Bermuda hawk, ''Bermuteo avivorus'' (Bermuda, West Atlantic) ** †''Amplibuteo'' *** Woodward's eagle, ''Amplibuteo woodwardi'' (North America and West Indies) ** †'' Gigantohierax'' *** ''Gigantohierax suarezi'' (Cuba, West Indies) *** ''Gigantohierax itchei'' (Cuba, West Indies) ** †'' Titanohierax'' *** ''Titanohierax gloveralleni'' (Bahamas, West Indies) *** ''Titanohierax'' sp. (Hispaniola, West Indies) **Extinct species of extant genera *** Powerful goshawk, ''Accipiter efficax'' (New Caledonia, Melanesia) *** Gracile goshawk, ''Accipiter quartus'' (New Caledonia, Melanesia) *** ''Accipiter'' sp. 1 (New Ireland, Melanesia) *** ''Accipiter'' sp. 2 (New Ireland, Melanesia) – one of the two New Ireland species may be the still-existing Meyer's goshawk (''Astur meyerianus'') *** ''Aquila'' sp. "large" (Madagascar) *** ''Aquila'' sp. "small" (Madagascar) *** '' Buteogallus borrasi'' (Cuba, West Indies) – formerly in ''Aquila'' / ''Titanohierax'' *** Wood harrier, ''Circus dossenus'' (Moloka‘i, Hawaiian Islands) *** Eyles's harrier, ''Circus teauteensis'' (New Zealand) ***

Haast's eagle Haast's eagle (''Hieraaetus moorei'') is an Extinction, extinct species of eagle that lived in the South Island of New Zealand, commonly accepted to be the of Māori mythology.

, ''Hieraeetus moorei'' (South Island, New Zealand) *** Hawaiian eagle, ''Haliaeetus'' sp. (Main Hawaiian Islands) *** Malagasy crowned eagle, ''Stephanoaetus mahery'' (Madagascar) *** Maltese vulture, ''Gyps meltensis'' (Malta, Sicily) **Extinct subspecies of extant species *** '' Aquila chrysaetos simurgh'' (Crete) – sometimes considered a distinct species

Caprimulgiformes

Nightjars and

potoo Potoos (family (biology), family Nyctibiidae) are a group of birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are sometimes called poor-me-ones, after their haunting bird vocalization, calls. The family Nyctibiidae was formerly included with ...

s * Caprimulgidae – nightjars ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Siphonorhis'' – Caribbean pauraques **** Cuban pauraque, ''Siphonorhis daiquiri'' (Cuba, West Indies) – possibly still exists

Aegotheliformes

Owlet-nightjars * Aegothelidae ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Aegotheles'' **** New Zealand owlet-nightjar, ''Aegotheles novaezealandiae'' (New Zealand) – formerly ''Megaegotheles''

Apodiformes

Swifts and

hummingbird Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the Family (biology), biological family Trochilidae. With approximately 366 species and 113 genus, genera, they occur from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, but most species are found in Cen ...

s. *

Apodidae The Apodidae, or swifts, form a family of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows, but are not closely related to any passerine species. Swifts are placed in the order Apodiformes along with hummingbirds. The treeswifts ar ...

– swifts ** Extinct species of extant genera *** ''

Aerodramus ''Aerodramus'' is a genus of small, dark, cave-nesting birds in the swiftlet, Collocaliini tribe (biology), tribe of the Swift (bird), swift family. Its members are confined to tropical and subtropical regions in southern Asia, Oceania and north ...

'' **** Mangaia swiftlet, ''Aerodramus manuoi'' (Mangaia, Cook Islands) – formerly ''Collocalia''

Bucerotiformes

Hornbill Hornbills are birds found in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Melanesia of the family Bucerotidae. They are characterized by a long, down-curved bill which is frequently brightly coloured and sometimes has a horny casque on the upper ...

s and relatives. Formerly included in

Coraciiformes The Coraciiformes are a group of usually colourful birds including the kingfishers, the bee-eaters, the rollers, the motmots, and the todies. They generally have syndactyly, with three forward-pointing toes (and toes 3 & 4 fused at their b ...

. *

Bucerotidae Hornbills are birds found in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Melanesia of the family Bucerotidae. They are characterized by a long, down-curved bill which is frequently brightly coloured and sometimes has a horny casque on the upper ...

– hornbills ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Rhyticeros'' (''" Aceros"'') **** Lifou hornbill, ''Rhyticeros'' (''"Aceros"'') sp. (Lifou, Loyalty Islands)

Piciformes

Woodpecker Woodpeckers are part of the bird family (biology), family Picidae, which also includes the piculets, wrynecks and sapsuckers. Members of this family are found worldwide, except for Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Madagascar and the extreme ...

s, puffbirds and

jacamar The jacamars are a family, Galbulidae, of birds from tropical South and Central America, extending up to Mexico. The family contains five genera and 18 species. The family is closely related to the puffbirds, another Neotropical The Neotro ...

s. * Picidae – woodpeckers ** Extinct species of extant genera *** ''

Colaptes ''Colaptes'' is a genus of birds in the woodpecker family Picidae. The 14 extant species are found across the Americas. ''Colaptes'' woodpeckers typically have a brown or green back and wings with black barring, and a beige to yellowish undersid ...

'' **** Bermuda flicker, ''Colaptes oceanicus'' (Bermuda, West Atlantic) – known from Late Pleistocene and Holocene bones, but may have persisted until the 17th century

Coraciiformes

* Brachypteraciidae – ground rollers ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Brachypteracias'' **** Ampoza ground roller, ''Brachypteracias lagrandi'' (Madagascar)

Strigiformes

True owls and barn owls. *

Strigidae The true owls or typical owls (family (biology), family Strigidae) are one of the two generally accepted families of owls, the other being the barn owls and bay owls (Tytonidae). This large family comprises 230 living or recently extinct species ...

– true owls ** †'' Grallistrix'' *** Kauai stilt-owl, ''Grallistrix auceps'' (Kauaʻi, Hawaiian Islands) *** Maui stilt-owl, ''Grallistrix erdmani'' (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) *** Molokai stilt-owl, ''Grallistrix geleches'' (Molokaʻi, Hawaiian Islands) *** Oahu stilt-owl, ''Grallistrix orion'' (O'ahu, Hawaiian Islands) ** †''

Ornimegalonyx The giant Cuban owl or giant cursorial owl (''Ornimegalonyx'') is an extinct genus of giant owl that measured in height. It is closely related to the many species of living owls of the genus ''Strix (genus), Strix''.Feduccia, Alan (1996) "The Ori ...

'' *** Cuban giant owl, ''Ornimegalonyx oteroi'' (Cuba, West Indies) *** ''Ornimegalonyx'' sp. – probably a subspecies of ''O. oteroi'' ** †''Asphaltoglaux'' *** Asphalt miniature owl, ''Asphaltoglaux cecileae'' (Southern California, North America) ** †''

Oraristrix ''Oraristix brea'', the La Brea owl, is an extinct owl reported from the Upper Pleistocene asphalt deposits of the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles, California. It was first described in 1933 by Hildegarde Howard as ''Strix brea'', but this extin ...

'' *** La Brea owl, ''Oraristrix brea'' (Southern California, North America) ** Extinct species of extant genera *** ''

Bubo A bubo (Greek βουβών, ''boubṓn'', 'groin') is adenitis or inflammation of the lymph nodes and is an example of reactive infectious lymphadenopathy. Classification Buboes are a symptom of bubonic plague and occur as painful swellings in ...

'' **** Cuban horned owl, ''Bubo osvaldoi'' (Cuba, West Indies) *** '' Athene'' **** Cretan owl, ''Athene cretensis'' (Crete, Mediterranean) *** ''

Ninox ''Ninox'' is a genus of true owls comprising 36 species found in Asia and Australasia. Many species are known as hawk-owls or boobooks, but the northern hawk-owl (''Surnia ulula'') is not a member of this genus. Taxonomy The genus was introduce ...

'' **** New Caledonian boobook, ''Ninox'' cf. ''novaeseelandiae'' (New Caledonia, Melanesia) – possibly still exists *** '' Otus''Scops owls **** Madeiran scops owl (''Otus mauli'') (Madeira) **** São Miguel scops owl (''Otus frutuosoi'') (Azores) *** '' Glaucidium''Pygmy owls **** Kurochkin's pygmy owl (''Glaucidium kurochkini'') (Southern California, North America) *** '' Aegolius'' **** Bermuda saw-whet owl (''Aegolius gradyi'') (Bermuda) – known from Pleistocene bones, but may have persisted until the early 1600s *** ''

Asio ''Asio'' is a genus of typical owls, or true owls, in the family Strigidae. This group has representatives over most of the planet, and the short-eared owl is one of the most widespread of all bird species, breeding in Europe, Asia, North Ameri ...

'' **** '' Asio ecuadoriensis'' (Ecuador) ** Placement unresolved *** Strigidae gen. et sp. indet. (Ibiza, Mediterranean) *

Tytonidae The bird family Tytonidae, which includes the barn owls ''Tyto'' and the bay owls ''Phodilus'', is one of the two Family (biology), families of owls, the other being the true owls or typical owls, True owl, Strigidae. They are medium to large owl ...

– Barn owls ** Extinct species of extant genera *** ''

Tyto ''Tyto'' is a genus of owls in the family Tytonidae. Depending on the species and the locality, common names include barn owl, common barn owl, grass owl, sooty owl, masked owl, field owl or simply owl. It is the most widely distributed genus o ...

**** Puerto Rican barn owl, ''Tyto cavatica'' (Puerto Rico, West Indies) – may still have existed up to 1912; likely a subspecies of, or synonymous with, the still-existing ashy-faced owl (''Tyto glaucops'') **** Cuban dwarf barn owl, ''Tyto maniola'' (Cuba, West Indies) ****

New Caledonian barn owl The New Caledonian barn owl (''Tyto letocarti''), also referred to as Letocart's barn owl, is an extinct species of owl in the barn owl family. It was endemic to the island of New Caledonia in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific region. I ...

, ''?Tyto letocarti'' (New Caledonia, Melanesia) **** Maltese barn owl, ''Tyto melitensis'' (Malta, Sicily) – possibly a

paleosubspecies A chronospecies is a species derived from a sequential development pattern that involves continual and uniform changes from an extinct ancestral form on an evolutionary scale. The sequence of alterations eventually produces a population that is p ...

of, or synonymous with, the still-existing

western barn owl The western barn owl (''Tyto alba'') is a species of Tyto, barn owl ''Tyto'' native to Europe, southwestern Asia, and Africa. It was formerly considered a subspecies group together with barn owls native to other parts of the world, but this clas ...

(''Tyto alba'') **** Noel's barn owl, ''Tyto noeli'' (Cuba, Barbuda, West Indies) – ''Tyto neddi'' is a synonym **** Hispaniolan barn owl, ''Tyto ostologa'' (Hispaniola, West Indies) **** Bahama giant barn owl, '' Tyto pollens'' (Little Exuma and New Providence, Bahamas, West Indies) – Rivero's barn owl (''Tyto riveroi'') is a synonym **** Antiguan barn owl ''Tyto'' sp. (Antigua, West Indies) **** Mussau barn owl, ''Tyto'' cf. ''novaehollandiae'' (Mussau, Melanesia) **** Greater New Ireland barn owl, ''Tyto'' cf. ''novaehollandiae'' (New Ireland, Melanesia) **** Lesser New Ireland barn owl, ''Tyto'' cf. ''alba'' / ''aurantiaca'' (New Ireland, Melanesia) **** Craves' giant barn owl, ''Tyto cravesae'' (Cuba, West Indies)

Falconiformes

Falconidae The falcons and caracaras are around 65 species of Diurnality, diurnal birds of prey that make up the family Falconidae (representing all extant species in the order (biology), order Falconiformes). The family likely originated in South America d ...

– falcons **Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Caracara'' **** Puerto Rican caracara, ''Caracara latebrosus'' (Puerto Rico, West Indies) **** Bahaman caracara, ''Caracara creightoni'' (Bahamas and Cuba, West Indies) – may be synomynous with ''Caracara latebrosus'' **** Jamaican caracara, ''Caracara tellustris'' (Jamaica, West Indies) **** La Brea caracara, '' Caracara prelutosa'' (Rancho La Brea and San Miguel Island, California) **** '' Caracara major'' (Uruguay) **** '' Caracara seymouri'' (Peru, Ecuador) *** '' Milvago'' **** Cuban caracara, ''Milvago carbo'' (Cuba, West Indies) **** ?''Milvago'' sp. (Jamaica, West Indies) *** '' Falco'' **** Cuban kestrel, ''Falco kurochkini'' (Cuba, West Indies) – may have survived to the 17th century *** '' Phalcoboenus'' **** '' Phalcoboenus napieri'' (Falkland Islands)

Psittaciformes

* Placement unresolved ** Psittaciformes gen. et sp. indet. (Rota, Marianas) – cf. ''Cacatua'' / ''Eclectus''? *

Strigopidae The New Zealand parrot family, Strigopidae,Nestoridae and Strigopidae are described in the same article, Bonaparte, C.L. (1849) ''Conspectus Systematis Ornithologiae''. Therefore, under rules of the ICZN, the first reviser determines priority, ...

– kakas and kakapos ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Nestor'' **** Chatham kākā, ''Nestor chathamensis'' (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific) *

Cacatuidae A cockatoo is any of the 21 species of parrots belonging to the family Cacatuidae, the only family in the superfamily Cacatuoidea. Along with the Psittacoidea ( true parrots) and the Strigopoidea (large New Zealand parrots), they make up t ...

– cockatoos ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Cacatua'' **** New Caledonian cockatoo, ''Cacatua'' sp. (New Caledonia) **** New Ireland cockatoo, ''Cacatua'' sp. (New Ireland) *

Psittacidae The Family (biology), family Psittacidae or holotropical parrots is one of three families of true parrots. It comprises the 12 species of subfamily Psittacinae (the Afrotropics, Afrotropical parrots) and 167 of subfamily Arinae (the New World or ...

– parrots, parakeets, and lorikeets Eclectus infectus male and female

** Extinct species of extant genera *** Saint Croix macaw, ''Ara autocthones'' (St. Croix, West Indies) ***

Oceanic eclectus The oceanic eclectus (''Eclectus infectus'') is an extinct parrot species which occurred on Tonga, Vanuatu and possibly on Fiji. Its closest living relative is the eclectus parrot (''Eclectus roratus'' sensu lato), which has proportionally larg ...

, ''Eclectus infectus'' (Tonga, Vanuatu, possibly Fiji) – may have survived to the 18th century or even longer than that *** Sinoto's lorikeet, ''Vini sinotoi'' (Marquesas, Pacific) *** Conquered lorikeet, ''Vini vidivici'' (Mangaia, Cook Islands, and Marqesas) *** Campbell parakeet, ''Cyanoramphus'' sp. (Campbell Island, New Zealand) ** Extinct subspecies of extant species *** ''

Amazona Amazon parrots are parrots in the genus ''Amazona''. They are medium-sized, short-tailed parrots native to the Americas, with their range extending from South America to Mexico and the Caribbean. ''Amazona'' is one of the 92 genera of parrots t ...

'' **** Virgin Islands amazon (''Amazona vittata'' ssp. indet.) ** Placement unresolved *** Psittacidae gen. et sp. indet. 1 (Easter Island) *** Psittacidae gen. et sp. indet. 2 (Easter Island) *** Psittacidae gen. et sp. indet. (Guam, Marianas) – cf. ''Trichoglossus'' / ''Vini''?

Passeriformes

* Placement unresolved ** Slender-billed Kauai passerine, Passeriformes gen. et sp. indet. (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands) ** Tiny Kauai passerine, Passeriformes gen. et sp. indet. (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands) *

Acanthisittidae The New Zealand wrens are a family (Acanthisittidae) of tiny passerines endemic to New Zealand. They were represented by seven Holocene species in four or five genera, although only two species in two genera survive today. They are understood to ...

– New Zealand "wrens" ** †'' Xenicus'' ***

South Island stout-legged wren Stout-legged wren is a common name referring to two species of extinct New Zealand wrens: the North Island stout-legged wren or Grant-Mackie's wren (''Xenicus jagmi''), and the South Island stout-legged wren or Yaldwyn's wren (''Xenicus yaldwyni ...

, ''Xenicus yaldwyni'' (North Island, New Zealand) ***

North Island stout-legged wren Stout-legged wren is a common name referring to two species of extinct New Zealand wrens: the North Island stout-legged wren or Grant-Mackie's wren (''Xenicus jagmi''), and the South Island stout-legged wren or Yaldwyn's wren (''Xenicus yaldwyni ...

, ''Xenicus jagmi'' (South Island, New Zealand) – may be a subspecies of ''X. yaldwyni'' ** †''Dendroscansor'' *** Long-billed wren, ''Dendroscansor decurvirostris'' (South Island, New Zealand) ** Extinct subspecies of extant species *** North Island rock wren, ''Xenicus gilviventris'' ssp. nov. (North Island, New Zealand) – a subspecies of '' X. gilviventris'' *

Corvidae Corvidae is a Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan Family (biology), family of Songbird, oscine passerine birds that contains the crows, ravens, Rook (bird), rooks, magpies, jackdaws, jays, treepies, choughs, and Nutcracker (bird), nutcrackers ...

– crows, ravens, jays and magpies ** Extinct species of extant genera *** ''

Corvus ''Corvus'' is a widely distributed genus of passerine birds ranging from medium-sized to large-sized in the family Corvidae. It includes species commonly known as crows, ravens, and rooks. The species commonly encountered in Europe are the car ...

'' **** High-billed crow, ''Corvus impluviatus'' (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands) **** Robust crow, ''Corvus viriosus'' (Oahu and Molokai, Hawaiian Islands) **** New Zealand raven, ''Corvus antipodum'' (New Zealand) ***** North Island raven, ''Corvus antipodum antipodum'' (North Island, New Zealand) ***** South Island raven, ''Corvus antipodum pycrafti'' (South Island, New Zealand) ****

Chatham raven Chatham may refer to: Jurisdictions * Chatham (electoral district), New Brunswick, Canada (1973–1994) * Chatham (UK Parliament constituency), existed 1832–1950 * Chatham (ward), in the London Borough of Hackney (1965–2014) Military * ...

, ''Corvus moriorum'' (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific) **** New Ireland crow, ''Corvus'' sp. (New Ireland, Melanesia) **** Puerto Rican crow, ''Corvus pumilis'' (Puerto Rico and St. Croix, West Indies) – probably a subspecies of either the

Cuban crow The Cuban crow (''Corvus nasicus'') is a Corvus (genus), crow species native to the northern Caribbean. Taxonomy white-necked crow (''C. leucognaphalus'') of Hispaniola Jamaican crow ''C. jamaicensis''Hispaniolan palm crow, Hispaniolan ''C. pa ...

(''Corvus nasicus'') or the

palm crow The Hispaniolan palm crow (''Corvus palmarum'') is a relatively small corvid endemic to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (in Haiti and the Dominican Republic) where it was formerly common but is now reduced in population. Taxonomy The Hispanio ...

(''Corvus palmarum'') *

Hirundinidae The swallows, martins, and saw-wings, or Hirundinidae are a family of passerine songbirds found around the world on all continents, including occasionally in Antarctica. Highly adapted to aerial feeding, they have a distinctive appearance. The t ...

– swallows and martins ** Extinct subspecies of extant species *** Henderson Island Pacific swallow, ''Hirundo tahitensis'' ssp. nov. (Henderson Island, South Pacific) * Cettiidae – bush warblers ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Horornis'' **** Eua bush warbler, ''Horornis'' sp. (Eua, Tonga) *

Zosteropidae The white-eyes are a family, Zosteropidae, of small passerine birds native to tropical, subtropical and temperate Sub-Saharan Africa, southern and eastern Asia, and Australasia. White-eyes inhabit most tropical islands in the Indian Ocean, the ...

– white-eyes ** Placement unresolved *** Tongan large white-eye, Zosteropidae gen. et sp. indet. (Eua, Tonga) *** Guam large white-eye, Zosteropidae gen. et sp. indet. (Guam, Marianas) * Sturnidae – starlings

** †''Cryptopsar'' *** Mauritius starling, ''Cryptopsar ischyrhynchus'' (Mauritius, Mascarenes) ** Extinct species of extant genera *** ''

Aplonis ''Aplonis'' is a genus of starlings. These are essentially island species of Indonesia and Oceania, although some species' ranges extend to the Malay Peninsula, southern Vietnam and northeastern Queensland. The typical adult ''Aplonis'' starling ...

'' **** Huahine starling, ''Aplonis diluvialis'' (Huahine, Society Islands) **** Erromango starling, ''Aplonis'' sp. (Erromango, Vanuatu) *

Turdidae The thrushes are a passerine bird family, Turdidae, with a worldwide distribution. The family was once much larger before biologists reclassified the former subfamily Saxicolinae, which includes the chats and European robins, as Old World flyca ...

– thrushes ** †'' Meridiocichla'' *** '' Meridiocichla salotti'' (Corsica) *

Mohoidae Mohoidae, also known as the Hawaiian honeyeaters, was a Family (biology), family of Hawaiian species of now Holocene extinction event, recently Extinction, extinct, Nectarivore, nectarivorous songbirds in the genera ''Moho (genus), Moho'' (ōō) ...

– Hawaiian honeyeaters ** Prehistorically extinct species of recently extinct genera *** Oahu kioea, ''Chaetoptila'' cf. ''angustipluma'' (Oahu and Maui, Hawaiian Islands) *** Narrow-billed kioea, ?''Chaetoptila'' sp. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) *

Fringillidae The true finches are small to medium-sized passerine birds in the family Fringillidae. Finches generally have stout conical bills adapted for eating seeds and nuts and often have colourful plumage. They occupy a great range of habitats where the ...

– true finches and Hawaiian honeycreepers ** †''Orthiospiza'' *** Highland finch, ''Orthiospiza howarthi'' (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) ** †'' Xestospiza'' *** Cone-billed finch, '' Xestospiza conica'' (Kauai and Oahu, Hawaiian Islands) *** Ridge-billed finch, '' Xestospiza fastigialis'' (Oahu, Maui and Molokai, Hawaiian Islands) ** †'' Vangulifer'' *** Strange-billed finch, ''Vangulifer mirandus'' (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) *** Thin-billed finch, ''Vangulifer neophasis'' (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) ** †'' Aidemedia'' *** Oahu icterid-like gaper, ''Aidemedia chascax'' (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands) *** Sickle-billed gaper, ''Aidemedia zanclops'' (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands) *** Maui Nui icterid-like gaper, ''Aidemedia lutetiae'' (Maui and Molokai, Hawaiian Islands) ** Prehistorically extinct species of extant and recently extinct genera ***

Slender-billed greenfinch The slender-billed greenfinch ''(Chloris aurelioi)'' is an extinct songbird in the finch family Fringillidae. It was endemic to the island Tenerife in the Canary Islands, and became extinct after human settlement of the islands. Taxonomy The s ...

, ''Chloris aurelioi'' (Tenerife, Canary Islands) *** Trias greenfinch, ''Chloris triasi'' (La Palma, Canary Islands) *** Greater Azores bullfinch, ''Pyrrhula crassa'' (Graciosa, Azores) *** Kauai finch, ''Telespiza persecutrix'' (Kauai and Oahu, Hawaiian Islands) *** Maui Nui finch, ''Telespiza ypsilon'' (Maui and Molokai, Hawaiian Islands) *** Maui finch, ''Telespiza'' cf. ''ypsilon'' (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) *** Kauai palila, ''Loxioides kikuichi'' (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands) – possibly survived until the early 18th century *** Scissor-billed koa finch, ''Rhodacanthis forfex'' (Kauai and Maui, Hawaiian Islands) *** Primitive koa finch, ''Rhodacanthis litotes'' (Oahu and Maui, Hawaiian Islands) *** Wahi grosbeak, ''Chloridops wahi'' (Oahu and Maui, Hawaiian Islands) *** King Kong grosbeak, ''Chloridops regiskongi'' (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands) *** Kauai grosbeak, ''Chloridops'' sp. (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands) – may be synomynous with ''C. wahi'' *** Maui grosbeak, ''Chloridops'' sp. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) *** Giant nukupuu, ''Hemignathus vorpalis'' (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands) *** Hoopoe-billed akialoa, ''Akialoa upupirostris'' (Kauai and Oahu, Hawaiian Islands) *** Giant akialoa, ''Akialoa'' sp. (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands) *** ''Akialoa'' sp. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) *** Stout-legged finch, ''Ciridops tenax'' (Kauai, Hawaiian Islands) *** Molokai ula-ai-hawane, ''Ciridops'' cf. ''anna'' (Molokai, Hawaiian Islands) *** Oahu ula-ai-hawane, ''Ciridops'' sp. (Oʻahu, Hawaiian Islands) ** Placement unresolved *** Drepanidini gen. et sp. indet. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) – at least three species *** Drepanidini gen. et sp. indet. (Oahu, Hawaiian Islands) *

Estrildidae Estrildidae, or estrildid finches, is a family of small seed-eating passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They comprise species commonly known as munias, mannikins, firefinches, parrotfinches and waxbills. They are gregarious ...

– waxbills ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Erythrura'' **** Marianas parrotfinch, ''Erythrura'' sp. (Guam and Rota, Marianas) * Emberizidae – Old World buntings ** Extinct species of extant genera Emberiza alcoveri

*** ''

Emberiza The buntings are a group of Old World passerine birds forming the genus ''Emberiza'', the only genus in the Family (biology), family Emberizidae. The family contains 44 species. They are seed-eating birds with stubby, conical bills. Taxonomy Th ...

'' **** Long-legged bunting, ''Emberiza alcoveri'' (Tenerife, Canary Islands) * Passerellidae – New World sparrows ** †''Pedinorhis'' *** Puerto Rican obscure bunting, ''Pedinorhis stirpsarcana'' (Puerto Rico, West Indies) *Icteridae - New World blackbirds, New World orioles and grackles ** †''Pandanaris'' *** Convex-billed cowbird, ''Pandanaris convexa'' (California and Florida south through Mexico to South America) **Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Euphagus'' **** Large-billed blackbird, '' Euphagus magnirostris'' (California south to South America) *** '' Molothrus'' – cowbirds **** Talara cowbird, '' Molothrus resinosus'' (Peru) *** '' Icterus'' – New World orioles **** Talara troupial, '' Icterus turmalis'' (Peru)

Taxonomic list of Late Quaternary possibly extinct/status unknown prehistoric birds

All of these birds are in

Paleognathes Palaeognathae (; ) is an infraclass of birds, called paleognaths or palaeognaths, within the class Aves of the clade Archosauria. It is one of the two extant infraclasses of birds, the other being Neognathae, both of which form Neornithes. Pala ...

Struthioniformes

The

– Ostriches ** Extinct subpecies of extant species ***

Arabian ostrich The Arabian ostrich (''Struthio camelus syriacus''), Syrian ostrich, or Middle Eastern ostrich is an extinct subspecies of the ostrich that lived on the Arabian Peninsula and in the Near East until the mid-20th century. Distribution The Arabia ...

, ''Struthio camelus syriacus'' (

Syria Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, t ...

) – may have survived until the 20th century

Charadriiformes

Gulls, auks and shorebirds * Burhinidae - stone-curlews ** Extinct species of extant genera *** ''

Burhinus ''Burhinus'' is a genus of birds in the family Burhinidae. This family also contains the genus ''Esacus''.del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J (1996) ''Handbook of the Birds of the World'', ''vol 3.'' Lynx, Barcelona The genus name ''Burhinus'' com ...

'' **** Dwarf thick-knee, ''Burhinus nanus'' (Bahamas, West Indies) - may have survived until the 17th century

Gruiformes

The group that includes modern

and cranes. *

– rails ** †'' Nesotrochis'' *** Haitian cave rail, ''Nesotrochis steganinos'' (Haiti, West Indies) *** Cuban cave rail, ''Nesotrochis picapicensis'' (Cuba, West Indies)

Procellariiformes

The group that includes modern

es,

s and

s. *

– petrels ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Bulweria'' **** Olson's petrel, ''Bulweria bifax'' (Saint Helena, Atlantic) - may have survived until the 17th century *** '' Pseudobulweria'' **** Saint Helena petrel, ''Pseudobulweria rupinarum'' (Saint Helena, Atlantic) - may have survived until the 17th century

Accipitriformes

Birds of prey *

– hawks and eagles **Extinct species of extant genera ***''

Accipiter ''Accipiter'' () is a genus of birds of prey in the family Accipitridae. Some species are called sparrowhawks, but there are many sparrowhawks in other genera such as '' Tachyspiza''. These birds are slender with short, broad, rounded wings and ...

'' **** Vanuatu Hawk, ''Accipiter'' sp. (Vanuatu) ***'' Aquila'' **** '' Aquila nipaloides'' (Corsica and

Sardinia Sardinia ( ; ; ) is the Mediterranean islands#By area, second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the Regions of Italy, twenty regions of Italy. It is located west of the Italian Peninsula, north of Tunisia an ...

)

Passeriformes

* Monarchidae - monarch flycatchers ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Myiagra'' **** ''Myiagra'' sp. (Ua Huka, Marquesas Islands) *

- thrushes ** Extinct species of extant genera *** '' Myadestes'' Zzzolomao

**** Olomao, ''Myadestes lanaiensis'' (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) – may have survived until the 19th century

References

Citations

General

* Steadman, David William (2006): ''Extinction and Biogeography of Tropical Pacific Birds''.

University of Chicago Press The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a Private university, private research university in Chicago, Illinois. It is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in the United States. It pu ...

. * Balouet, Jean-Christophe; Olson, Storrs L. (1989) ''Fossil birds from late Quaternary deposits in New Caledonia''. Washington, D. C. Smithsonian contributions to zoology; Nr. 469.

Smithsonian Institution Press The Smithsonian Institution ( ), or simply the Smithsonian, is a group of museums, Education center, education and Research institute, research centers, created by the Federal government of the United States, U.S. government "for the increase a ...

* Goodman, S.M. and Patterson, B.D. (1997) ''Natural Change and Human Impact in Madagascar''. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London. 432 S. * del Hoyo, J., Andrew Elliott, David Christie (2007) ''Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 12 Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees'', Lynx Edicions, 2007. * Turvey, Samuel T. (edit.) (2009) ''Holocene Extinctions''.

Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books ...

. * Feduccia, Alan (1999) ''The Origin and Evolution of Birds''. 2nd. Edit.

Yale University Press Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University. It was founded in 1908 by George Parmly Day and Clarence Day, grandsons of Benjamin Day, and became a department of Yale University in 1961, but it remains financially and ope ...

. * *

External links

* By Neville Guthrie {{DEFAULTSORT:Late Quaternary Prehistoric Birds Birds Quaternary Late Quaternary birds

Taxonomic list of Late Quaternary prehistoric birds

Paleognathes Palaeognathae (; ) is an infraclass of birds, called paleognaths or palaeognaths, within the class Aves of the clade Archosauria. It is one of the two extant infraclasses of birds, the other being Neognathae, both of which form Neornithes. Pala ...

Struthioniformes

†Aepyornithiformes

†Dinornithiformes

†Gastornithiformes

Anseriformes Anseriformes is an order (biology), order of birds also known as waterfowl that comprises about 180 living species of birds in three families: Anhimidae (three species of screamers), Anseranatidae (the magpie goose), and Anatidae, the largest f ...

Pangalliformes Pangalliformes is the scientific name of a provisional clade of birds within the group Galloanserae. It is defined as all birds more closely related to chickens than to ducks, and includes all modern chickens, turkeys, pheasants, and megapodes, ...

Charadriiformes

Charadrii FIle:Vadare - Ystad-2021.jpg, 245px, A flock of Dunlins and Red knots Waders or shorebirds are birds of the order Charadriiformes commonly found wikt:wade#Etymology 1, wading along shorelines and mudflats in order to foraging, forage for food c ...

Scolopaci

Lari

Gruiformes

Eurypygiformes

Procellariiformes

Sphenisciformes

Ciconiiformes

Suliformes

Pelecaniformes

Cathartiformes

Phoenicopteriformes

Mesitornithiformes

Columbiformes

Cuculiformes

Accipitriformes

Caprimulgiformes

Aegotheliformes

Apodiformes

Bucerotiformes

Piciformes

Coraciiformes

Strigiformes

Falconiformes

Psittaciformes

Passeriformes

Taxonomic list of Late Quaternary possibly extinct/status unknown prehistoric birds

Paleognathes Palaeognathae (; ) is an infraclass of birds, called paleognaths or palaeognaths, within the class Aves of the clade Archosauria. It is one of the two extant infraclasses of birds, the other being Neognathae, both of which form Neornithes. Pala ...

Struthioniformes

Charadriiformes

Gruiformes

Procellariiformes

Accipitriformes

Passeriformes

See also

References

Citations

General

External links