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Gallirallus
''Gallirallus'' is a genus of Rallidae, rails that live in the Australasian-Pacific region. The genus is characterised by an ability to colonise relatively small and isolated islands and thereafter to evolve flightless forms, many of which became extinct following Polynesian settlement. Taxonomy Following recent taxonomic revisions, there is only one known extant species in this genus along with several extinct species of dubious classification, with all other species being moved to ''Hypotaenidia'', ''Cabalus'', ''Lewinia'', or ''Calayan rail, Aptenorallus''. Description Many of the rails, including the well-known weka of New Zealand, are flightless or nearly so. Many of the resultant flightless island endemism, endemics became extinct after the arrival of humans, which hunted these birds for food, introduced novel predator (biology), predators like rats, dogs or pigs, and upset the local ecosystems. A common Polynesian language, Polynesian name of these rails, mainly relati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gallirallus Australis LC0248
''Gallirallus'' is a genus of rails that live in the Australasian-Pacific region. The genus is characterised by an ability to colonise relatively small and isolated islands and thereafter to evolve flightless forms, many of which became extinct following Polynesian settlement. Taxonomy Following recent taxonomic revisions, there is only one known extant species in this genus along with several extinct species of dubious classification, with all other species being moved to ''Hypotaenidia'', '' Cabalus'', ''Lewinia'', or '' Aptenorallus''. Description Many of the rails, including the well-known weka of New Zealand, are flightless or nearly so. Many of the resultant flightless island endemics became extinct after the arrival of humans, which hunted these birds for food, introduced novel predators like rats, dogs or pigs, and upset the local ecosystems. A common Polynesian name of these rails, mainly relatives of ''G. philippensis'', is ''veka''/''weka'' (in English, this name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypotaenidia
''Hypotaenidia'' is a genus of birds in the family Rallidae. The genus is considered separate by the IOC and IUCN, while ''The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World'' / eBird consider the species to be part of ''Gallirallus''. Since the mid-19th century, when these rather terrestrial birds were recognized to form a genus distinct from the decidedly aquatic ''Rallus'', the validity of ''Hypotaenidia'' has been disputed. Only in the 2010s has this question be resolved to some degree of satisfaction. While the present genus does indeed belong to the ''Gallirallus'' group in tribe (biology), tribe Rallini of subfamily Rallinae, it stands apart from the numerous more basal (evolution), basal lineages therein, and constitutes a well-distinct clade of smallish to mid-sized species distributed from Sahul far into the Pacific Ocean, Pacific – across a range of at least 9,000 by 8,000 km (almost 6,000 by 5,000 miles). Like their larger more ancestral relatives, they readily evolve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weka
The weka, also known as the Māori hen or woodhen (''Gallirallus australis'') is a flightless bird species of the rail family. It is endemic to New Zealand. Some authorities consider it as the only extant member of the genus '' Gallirallus''. Four subspecies are recognized but only two (northern/southern) are supported by genetic evidence. The weka are sturdy brown birds about the size of a chicken. As omnivores, they feed mainly on invertebrates and fruit. Weka usually lay eggs between August and January; both sexes help to incubate. Description Weka are large rails. They are predominantly rich brown mottled with black and grey; the brown shade varies from pale to dark depending on subspecies. The male is the larger sex at in length and in weight. Females measure in length and weigh . The reduced wingspan ranges from . The relatively large, reddish-brown beak is about long, stout and tapered, and used as a weapon. The pointed tail is near-constantly being flicked, a si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gallirallus Australis
The weka, also known as the Māori hen or woodhen (''Gallirallus australis'') is a flightless bird species of the rail family. It is endemic to New Zealand. Some authorities consider it as the only extant member of the genus ''Gallirallus''. Four subspecies are recognized but only two (northern/southern) are supported by genetic evidence. The weka are sturdy brown birds about the size of a chicken. As omnivores, they feed mainly on invertebrates and fruit. Weka usually lay eggs between August and January; both sexes help to incubate. Description Weka are large rails. They are predominantly rich brown mottled with black and grey; the brown shade varies from pale to dark depending on subspecies. The male is the larger sex at in length and in weight. Females measure in length and weigh . The reduced wingspan ranges from . The relatively large, reddish-brown beak is about long, stout and tapered, and used as a weapon. The pointed tail is near-constantly being flicked, a sign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calayan Rail
The Calayan rail (''Aptenorallus calayanensis'') is a flightless bird of the rail, moorhen, and coot family (Rallidae) that inhabits Calayan Island in the Philippines. It is the only member of the genus ''Aptenorallus''. Though well known to natives of the island as the "piding", it was first observed by ornithologist Carmela Española in May 2004 and the discovery was officially announced on August 16, 2004. Description The Calayan rail is a relatively large flightless rail. Its plumage is dark grayish overall, with a blacker face and slightly browner upperparts. The bill and legs are bright orange-red, unique among similar-sized dark-colored ground-dwelling birds on Calayan. Its vocalizations are loud, harsh, and nasal-sounding. Taxonomy It was initially discovered by Carmela Espanola during fieldworlk in the area. The formal description as a species new to science appeared in the journal '' Forktail'' (Allen ''et al.'' 2004). Prior to 2022, it was classified in the ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Okinawa Rail
The Okinawa rail (''Hypotaenidia okinawae'') is a species of bird in the rail family, Rallidae. It is endemic to Okinawa Island in Japan where it is known as the . Its existence was only confirmed in 1978 and it was formally described in 1981 although unidentified rails had been recorded on the island since at least 1973 and local stories of a bird known as the ''agachi kumira'' may refer to this species.Brazil, Mark A. (1991) ''The Birds of Japan'', Christopher Helm, London. It is a medium-sized and almost flightless rail with short wings and tail, olive-brown upperparts, black underparts with white bars and a red bill and legs. It occurs in subtropical moist forests and in neighboring habitats. It nests and feeds on the ground but usually roosts in trees. It is classified as an endangered species and is threatened by habitat loss and introduced predators. Taxonomy The species was first described in 1981 by Yoshimaro Yamashina and T. Mano in the ''Journal of the Yamashina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barred Rail
The barred rail (''Hypotaenidia torquata'') is a species of rail found across the Philippines, Sulawesi (Indonesia) and Salawati (western New Guinea). The species is common, but shy and difficult to see. Its diet includes (but is not limited to) eggs, such as Philippine megapode eggs. See also *Wake Island rail The extinct Wake Island rail or Wake rail (''Hypotaenidia wakensis'') was a flightless rail and the only native land bird on the Pacific atoll of Wake. It was found on the islands of Wake and Wilkes, and Peale, which is separated from the ot ... (an extinct rail of Pacific, that only lived on Wake island) References * A Guide to the birds of the philippines(2000) Robert S. Kennedy pedro C. Gonzales, Edward C, Dickinson Hector C. Miranda, jr. & Timothy H. Fisher External links * * barred rail Birds of the Philippines Birds of Sulawesi Birds of Western New Guinea barred rail Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Gruiform ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rallidae
Rails (avian family Rallidae) are a large, Cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan family (biology), family of small- to medium-sized terrestrial and/or semi-amphibious birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity in its forms, and includes such ubiquitous species as the crakes, coots, and gallinule; other rail species are extremely rare or endangered. Many are associated with wetland habitats, some being semi-aquatic like waterfowl (such as the coot), but many more are wading birds or shorebirds. The ideal rail habitats are marsh areas, including rice paddy, rice paddies, and flooded fields or open forest. They are especially fond of dense vegetation for nesting.Horsfall & Robinson (2003): pp. 206–207 The rail family is found in every Terrestrial animal, terrestrial habitat with the exception of dry desert, Polar climate, polar or freezing regions, and Alpine climate, alpine areas (above the snow line). Members of Rallidae occur on every continent except Antarctica. N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cabalus
''Cabalus'' is a disputed Oceanian genus of birds in the family Rallidae. Both species placed in the genus here were previously considered part of the genus ''Gallirallus'', one was alternatively placed in ''Tricholimnas'' alone or together with the Lord Howe woodhen, and the other was initially included in ''Rallus''. Species As delimited here, the genus contains two species, one extinct and another possibly so:Garcia-R, Juan C. ''et al.'' (2014): Deep global evolutionary radiation in birds: Diversification and trait evolution in the cosmopolitan bird family Rallidae. '' Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.'' 81: 96–108.PDF fulltext/ref> * New Caledonian rail, ''Cabalus lafresnayanus'' (possibly extinct) – formerly in ''Gallirallus'' or ''Tricholimnas'' * Chatham rail, ''Cabalus modestus'' (extinct) – formerly in ''Gallirallus'' or ''Rallus'' These species occur on widely separate islands of the southwestern Pacific region; as they are both distinct and singular lineages s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guam Rail
The Guam rail (''Hypotaenidia owstoni''), known locally and in Chamorro as ''ko'ko, is a small, terrestrial bird endemic to Guam in the Rallidae family. They are one of the island's few remaining endemic bird species. The species became extinct in the wild in the early 1980s when biologists captured the remaining wild population to establish a breeding program. They have since been successfully introduced to the nearby Rota and Cocos islands. In 2019, they became the second bird species to be reclassified by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature from Extinct in the Wild to Critically Endangered. Adult male and female plumage is primarily brown with barred black-and-white plumage on their underside. Their heads are brown with a grey stripe running above the eye and a medium-length grey bill. They have strong legs with long toes that help them walk over marshy ground. Their most common vocalizations are short "kip" notes, but also screeches during the breeding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lewinia
''Lewinia'' is a genus of birds in the family Rallidae. The genus was erected by the English zoologist George Robert Gray in 1855 with Lewin's rail ''Lewinia pectoralis'' as the type species. The genus name is from a synonym of the type species ''Rallus lewinii'' Swainson, 1837. The common name commemorates the English engraver and naturalist John Lewin John William Lewin (1770 – 27 August 1819) was an English-born artist active in Australia from 1800. The first professional artist of the colony of New South Wales, he illustrated the earliest volumes of Australian natural history. Many of his ... (1770–1819) who settled in Australia. Species The genus contains the following four species: References Rallidae Bird genera Taxa named by George Robert Gray Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Gruiformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
