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Events


Pre-1600

* 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and becomes a
monk A monk (; from , ''monachos'', "single, solitary" via Latin ) is a man who is a member of a religious order and lives in a monastery. A monk usually lives his life in prayer and contemplation. The concept is ancient and can be seen in many reli ...
(under the name Athanasius). * 911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. * 1174Baldwin IV, 13, becomes
King of Jerusalem The king or queen of Jerusalem was the supreme ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, a Crusader state founded in Jerusalem by the Latin Church, Latin Catholic leaders of the First Crusade, when the city was Siege of Jerusalem (1099), conquered in ...
, with Raymond III, Count of Tripoli as regent and William of Tyre as chancellor. * 1302Battle of the Golden Spurs (''Guldensporenslag'' in Dutch): A coalition around the Flemish cities defeats the king of France's royal army. * 1346Charles IV, Count of Luxembourg and King of Bohemia, is elected
King of the Romans King of the Romans (; ) was the title used by the king of East Francia following his election by the princes from the reign of Henry II (1002–1024) onward. The title originally referred to any German king between his election and coronatio ...
. * 1405Ming admiral Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time. * 1410Ottoman Interregnum: Süleyman Çelebi defeats his brother Musa Çelebi outside the Ottoman capital, Edirne. * 1476Giuliano della Rovere is appointed bishop of Coutances. * 1576 – While exploring the North Atlantic Ocean in an attempt to find the Northwest Passage, Martin Frobisher sights
Greenland Greenland is an autonomous territory in the Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark. It is by far the largest geographically of three constituent parts of the kingdom; the other two are metropolitan Denmark and the Faroe Islands. Citizens of Greenlan ...
, mistaking it for the hypothesized (but non-existent) island of "Frisland".


1601–1900

* 1616
Samuel de Champlain Samuel de Champlain (; 13 August 1574#Fichier]For a detailed analysis of his baptismal record, see #Ritch, RitchThe baptism act does not contain information about the age of Samuel, neither his birth date nor his place of birth. – 25 December ...
returns to
Quebec Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...
. * 1735 – Mathematical calculations suggest that it is on this day that
dwarf planet A dwarf planet is a small planetary-mass object that is in direct orbit around the Sun, massive enough to be hydrostatic equilibrium, gravitationally rounded, but insufficient to achieve clearing the neighbourhood, orbital dominance like the ...
Pluto Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of Trans-Neptunian object, bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the Su ...
moved inside the orbit of
Neptune Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun. It is the List of Solar System objects by size, fourth-largest planet in the Solar System by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet. It is 17 t ...
for the last time before 1979. * 1789Jacques Necker is dismissed as France's Finance Minister sparking the
Storming of the Bastille The Storming of the Bastille ( ), which occurred in Paris, France, on 14 July 1789, was an act of political violence by revolutionary insurgents who attempted to storm and seize control of the medieval armoury, fortress, and political prison k ...
. * 1796 – The United States takes possession of
Detroit Detroit ( , ) is the List of municipalities in Michigan, most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is situated on the bank of the Detroit River across from Windsor, Ontario. It had a population of 639,111 at the 2020 United State ...
from
Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland, and Wales. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the List of European ...
under terms of the Jay Treaty. * 1798 – The
United States Marine Corps The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines or simply the Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for conducting expeditionar ...
is re-established; they had been disbanded after the
American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the armed conflict that comprised the final eight years of the broader American Revolution, in which Am ...
. * 1801 – French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons makes his first
comet A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that warms and begins to release gases when passing close to the Sun, a process called outgassing. This produces an extended, gravitationally unbound atmosphere or Coma (cometary), coma surrounding ...
discovery. In the next 27 years he discovers another 36 comets, more than any other person in history. * 1804A duel occurs in which the
Vice President of the United States The vice president of the United States (VPOTUS) is the second-highest ranking office in the Executive branch of the United States government, executive branch of the U.S. federal government, after the president of the United States, and ranks f ...
Aaron Burr mortally wounds former
Secretary of the Treasury The United States secretary of the treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States. The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal a ...
Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 dur ...
. * 1833Noongar
Australian aboriginal Aboriginal Australians are the various indigenous peoples of the Mainland Australia, Australian mainland and many of its islands, excluding the ethnically distinct people of the Torres Strait Islands. Humans first migrated to Australia (co ...
warrior Yagan, wanted for the murder of white colonists in Western Australia, is killed. * 1836 – '' The Fly-fisher's Entomology'' is published by Alfred Ronalds. The book transformed the sport and went to many editions. * 1848Waterloo railway station in London opens. * 1864
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...
: Battle of Fort Stevens; Confederate forces attempt to invade Washington, D.C. * 1882 – The British Mediterranean Fleet begins the Bombardment of Alexandria in Egypt as part of the Anglo-Egyptian War. * 1889
Tijuana Tijuana is the most populous city of the Mexican state of Baja California, located on the northwestern Pacific Coast of Mexico. Tijuana is the municipal seat of the Tijuana Municipality, the hub of the Tijuana metropolitan area and the most popu ...
, Mexico, is founded. * 1893 – The first cultured pearl is obtained by Kōkichi Mikimoto. * 1893 – A
revolution In political science, a revolution (, 'a turn around') is a rapid, fundamental transformation of a society's class, state, ethnic or religious structures. According to sociologist Jack Goldstone, all revolutions contain "a common set of elements ...
led by the liberal general and politician José Santos Zelaya takes over state power in
Nicaragua Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the geographically largest Sovereign state, country in Central America, comprising . With a population of 7,142,529 as of 2024, it is the third-most populous country in Central America aft ...
. * 1897Salomon August Andrée leaves
Spitsbergen Spitsbergen (; formerly known as West Spitsbergen; Norwegian language, Norwegian: ''Vest Spitsbergen'' or ''Vestspitsbergen'' , also sometimes spelled Spitzbergen) is the largest and the only permanently populated island of the Svalbard archipel ...
to attempt to reach the
North Pole The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's rotation, Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. It is called the True North Pole to distingu ...
by balloon. * 1899
Fiat Fiat Automobiles S.p.A., commonly known as simply Fiat ( , ; ), is an Italian automobile manufacturer. It became a part of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2014 and, in 2021, became a subsidiary of Stellantis through its Italian division, Stellant ...
founded by Giovanni Agnelli in Turin, Italy.


1901–present

* 1906Murder of Grace Brown by Chester Gillette in the United States, inspiration for
Theodore Dreiser Theodore Herman Albert Dreiser (; August 27, 1871 – December 28, 1945) was an American novelist and journalist of the naturalism (literature), naturalist school. His novels often featured main characters who succeeded at their objectives despi ...
's '' An American Tragedy''. * 1914Babe Ruth makes his debut in
Major League Baseball Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball league composed of 30 teams, divided equally between the National League (baseball), National League (NL) and the American League (AL), with 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. MLB i ...
. * 1914 – The US Navy launches the as its first
standard-type battleship The Standard-type battleship was a series of thirteen battleships across five classes ordered for the United States Navy between 1911 and 1916 and commissioned between 1916 and 1923. These were considered super-dreadnoughts, with the ships of ...
. * 1919 – The eight-hour day and free Sunday become law for workers in the Netherlands. * 1920 – In the East Prussian plebiscite the local populace decides to remain with Weimar Germany. * 1921 – A truce in the
Irish War of Independence The Irish War of Independence (), also known as the Anglo-Irish War, was a guerrilla war fought in Ireland from 1919 to 1921 between the Irish Republican Army (1919–1922), Irish Republican Army (IRA, the army of the Irish Republic) and Unite ...
comes into effect. * 1921 – The Red Army captures
Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...
from the White Army and establishes the
Mongolian People's Republic The Mongolian People's Republic (MPR) was a socialist state that existed from 1924 to 1992, located in the historical region of Outer Mongolia. Its independence was officially recognized by the Nationalist government of Republic of China (1912 ...
. * 1921 – Former
president of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal government of t ...
William Howard Taft William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857March 8, 1930) served as the 27th president of the United States from 1909 to 1913 and the tenth chief justice of the United States from 1921 to 1930. He is the only person to have held both offices. ...
is sworn in as 10th chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, becoming the only person ever to hold both offices. * 1922 – The Hollywood Bowl opens. * 1924
Eric Liddell Eric Henry Liddell (; 16 January 1902 – 21 February 1945) was a Scottish sprint (running), sprinter, Rugby union, rugby player and Christian missionary. Born in Qing dynasty, Tianjin, China to Scottish missionary parents, he attended bo ...
won the gold medal in 400m at the 1924 Paris Olympics, after refusing to run in the heats for 100m, his favoured distance, on a Sunday. * 1934Engelbert Zaschka of Germany flies his large human-powered aircraft, the ''Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft'', about 20 meters at Berlin Tempelhof Airport without assisted take-off. *
1936 Events January–February * January 20 – The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King Edward VIII, following the death of his father, George V, at Sandringham House. * January 28 – Death and state funer ...
– The Triborough Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic. * 1940
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
:
Vichy France Vichy France (; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was a French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II, established as a result of the French capitulation after the Battle of France, ...
regime is formally established.
Philippe Pétain Henri Philippe Bénoni Omer Joseph Pétain (; 24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951), better known as Marshal Pétain (, ), was a French marshal who commanded the French Army in World War I and later became the head of the Collaboration with Nazi Ger ...
becomes Chief of the French State. * 1941 – The Northern Rhodesian Labour Party holds its first congress in Nkana. *
1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 ...
Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia The Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia (; ) were carried out in Occupation of Poland (1939–1945), German-occupied Poland by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), with the support of parts of the local Ukrainians, Ukrainian popu ...
by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army within the Reichskommissariat Ukraine (
Volhynia Volhynia or Volynia ( ; see #Names and etymology, below) is a historic region in Central and Eastern Europe, between southeastern Poland, southwestern Belarus, and northwestern Ukraine. The borders of the region are not clearly defined, but in ...
) peak. * 1943 – World War II: Allied invasion of Sicily: German and Italian troops launch a counter-attack on Allied forces in
Sicily Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy, regions of Italy. With 4. ...
. * 1947 – The '' Exodus 1947'' heads to Palestine from France. *
1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – 1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash, Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 ...
Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...
joins the
International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 191 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of las ...
and the International Bank. * 1957 – Prince Karim Husseini Aga Khan IV inherits the office of Imamat as the 49th Imam of Shia Imami Ismai'li worldwide, after the death of Sir Sultan Mahommed Shah Aga Khan III. * 1960 – France legislates for the independence of
Dahomey The Kingdom of Dahomey () was a West African List of kingdoms in Africa throughout history, kingdom located within present-day Benin that existed from approximately 1600 until 1904. It developed on the Abomey Plateau amongst the Fon people in ...
(later
Benin Benin, officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It was formerly known as Dahomey. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, Burkina Faso to the north-west, and Niger to the north-east. The majority of its po ...
), Upper Volta (later
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa, bordered by Mali to the northwest, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and Ivory Coast to the southwest. It covers an area of 274,223 km2 (105,87 ...
) and
Niger Niger, officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It is a unitary state Geography of Niger#Political geography, bordered by Libya to the Libya–Niger border, north-east, Chad to the Chad–Niger border, east ...
. * 1960 – Congo Crisis: The State of Katanga breaks away from the
Democratic Republic of the Congo The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), also known as the DR Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, or simply the Congo (the last ambiguously also referring to the neighbouring Republic of the Congo), is a country in Central Africa. By land area, it is t ...
. * 1960 – ''
To Kill a Mockingbird ''To Kill a Mockingbird'' is a 1960 Southern Gothic novel by American author Harper Lee. It became instantly successful after its release; in the United States, it is widely read in high schools and middle schools. ''To Kill a Mockingbird'' ...
'' by
Harper Lee Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926 – February 19, 2016) was an American novelist whose 1960 novel ''To Kill a Mockingbird'' won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and became a classic of modern American literature. She assisted her close friend Truman ...
is first published, in the United States. *
1962 The year saw the Cuban Missile Crisis, which is often considered the closest the world came to a Nuclear warfare, nuclear confrontation during the Cold War. Events January * January 1 – Samoa, Western Samoa becomes independent from Ne ...
– First transatlantic
satellite television Satellite television is a service that delivers television programming to viewers by relaying it from a communications satellite orbiting the Earth directly to the viewer's location.ITU Radio Regulations, Section IV. Radio Stations and Systems ...
transmission. * 1962 – Project Apollo: At a press conference,
NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agencies of the United States government, independent agency of the federal government of the United States, US federal government responsible for the United States ...
announces lunar orbit rendezvous as the means to land
astronaut An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek (), meaning 'star', and (), meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a List of human spaceflight programs, human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member of a spa ...
s on the Moon, and return them to Earth. *
1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses (Solar eclipse of February 25, 1971, February 25, Solar eclipse of July 22, 1971, July 22 and Solar eclipse of August 20, 1971, August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 1971 lunar eclip ...
– The
nationalization Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state. Nationalization contrasts with p ...
of all large copper mines in Chile is completed. *
1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, ...
– The first game of the World Chess Championship 1972 between challenger Bobby Fischer and defending champion Boris Spassky starts. *
1973 Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 14 - The 16-0 19 ...
Varig Flight 820 crashes near
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
on approach to Orly Airport, killing 123 of the 134 on board. In response, the FAA bans smoking in airplane lavatories. * 1977Martin Luther King Jr., assassinated in 1968, is awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...
Los Alfaques disaster: A truck carrying liquid gas crashes and explodes at a coastal campsite in Tarragona, Spain killing 216 tourists. *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
– America's first space station, '' Skylab'', is destroyed as it re-enters the Earth's atmosphere over the Indian Ocean. * 1982 – The Italy National Football Team defeats
West Germany West Germany was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. It is sometimes known as the Bonn Republi ...
at Santiago Bernabéu Stadium to capture the 1982 FIFA World Cup. *
1983 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning of the ...
– A TAME airline Boeing 737–200 crashes near Cuenca, Ecuador, killing all 119 passengers and crew on board. * 1990Oka Crisis:
First Nations First nations are indigenous settlers or bands. First Nations, first nations, or first peoples may also refer to: Indigenous groups *List of Indigenous peoples *First Nations in Canada, Indigenous peoples of Canada who are neither Inuit nor Mé ...
land dispute in
Quebec Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...
begins. * 1991Nigeria Airways Flight 2120 crashes in
Jeddah Jeddah ( ), alternatively transliterated as Jedda, Jiddah or Jidda ( ; , ), is a List of governorates of Saudi Arabia, governorate and the largest city in Mecca Province, Saudi Arabia, and the country's second largest city after Riyadh, located ...
, Saudi Arabia, killing all 261 passengers and crew on board. * 1995
Yugoslav Wars The Yugoslav Wars were a series of separate but related#Naimark, Naimark (2003), p. xvii. ethnic conflicts, wars of independence, and Insurgency, insurgencies that took place from 1991 to 2001 in what had been the Socialist Federal Republic of ...
: Srebrenica massacre begins; lasts until 22 July. * 2006Mumbai train bombings: 209 people are killed in a series of bomb attacks in
Mumbai Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial capital and the most populous city proper of India with an estimated population of 12 ...
, India. *
2010 The year saw a multitude of natural and environmental disasters such as the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and the 2010 Chile earthquake. The 2009 swine flu pandemic, swine flu pandemic which began the previous year ...
– The Islamist militia group Al-Shabaab carries out multiple suicide bombings in
Kampala Kampala (, ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Uganda. The city proper has a population of 1,875,834 (2024) and is divided into the five political divisions of Kampala Central Division, Kampala, Kawempe Division, Kawempe, Makindy ...
, Uganda, killing 74 people and injuring 85 others. * 2010 –
Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...
defeats the
Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
to win the
2010 FIFA World Cup The 2010 FIFA World Cup was the 19th FIFA World Cup, the world championship for List of men's national association football teams, men's national Association football, football teams. It took place in South Africa from 11 June to 11 July 2010. ...
in Johannesburg. *
2011 The year marked the start of a Arab Spring, series of protests and revolutions throughout the Arab world advocating for democracy, reform, and economic recovery, later leading to the depositions of world leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, and Yemen ...
– Ninety-eight containers of explosives self-detonate killing 13 people in Zygi, Cyprus. * 2015Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán escapes from the maximum security Altiplano prison in Mexico, his second escape. * 2021Richard Branson becomes the first civilian to be launched into space via his
Virgin Galactic Virgin Galactic Holdings, Inc. is a British-American spaceflight company founded by Richard Branson and the Virgin Group conglomerate, which retains an 11.9% stake through Virgin Investments Limited. It is headquartered in California, and opera ...
spacecraft.


Births


Pre-1600

* 154
Bardaisan Bardaisan (11 July 154 – 222 AD; , ''Bar Dayṣān''; also Bardaiṣan), known in Arabic as ibn Dayṣān () and in Latin as Bardesanes, was a Syriac-speaking Prods Oktor Skjaervo. ''Bardesanes''. Encyclopædia Iranica. Volume III. Fasc. 7-8. . ...
, Syrian astrologer, scholar, and philosopher (died 222) * 1274
Robert the Bruce Robert I (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce (), was King of Scots from 1306 until his death in 1329. Robert led Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland during the First War of Scottish Independence against Kingdom of Eng ...
, Scottish king (died 1329) * 1406William, Margrave of Hachberg-Sausenberg (died 1482) * 1459Kaspar, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, German nobleman (died 1527) * 1558Robert Greene, English author and playwright (died 1592) * 1561Luis de Góngora, Spanish cleric and poet (died 1627)


1601–1900

* 1603Kenelm Digby, English astrologer, courtier, and diplomat (died 1665) * 1628Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Japanese daimyō (died 1701) * 1653Sarah Good, American woman accused of
witchcraft Witchcraft is the use of Magic (supernatural), magic by a person called a witch. Traditionally, "witchcraft" means the use of magic to inflict supernatural harm or misfortune on others, and this remains the most common and widespread meanin ...
(died 1692) * 1657Frederick I of Prussia (died 1713) * 1662Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (died 1726) * 1709Johan Gottschalk Wallerius, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (died 1785) * 1723Jean-François Marmontel, French historian and author (died 1799) * 1754Thomas Bowdler, English physician and philanthropist (died 1825) * 1760
Peggy Shippen Margaret Shippen (July 11, 1760 – August 24, 1804) was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold. She has been described as "the highest-paid spy in the American Revolution". Shippen was born into a prominent Philadelphia family with Loyalist ...
, American wife of
Benedict Arnold Benedict Arnold (#Brandt, Brandt (1994), p. 4June 14, 1801) was an American-born British military officer who served during the American Revolutionary War. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of ...
and
American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was the armed conflict that comprised the final eight years of the broader American Revolution, in which Am ...
spy (died 1804) * 1767John Quincy Adams, American lawyer and politician, 6th
President of the United States The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal government of t ...
(died 1848) * 1826Alexander Afanasyev, Russian ethnographer and author (died 1871) * 1832Charilaos Trikoupis, Greek lawyer and politician, 55th
Prime Minister of Greece The prime minister of the Hellenic Republic (), usually referred to as the prime minister of Greece (), is the head of government of the Greece, Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Cabinet of Greece, Greek Cabinet. The officeholder's of ...
(died 1896) * 1834
James Abbott McNeill Whistler James Abbott McNeill Whistler (; July 10, 1834July 17, 1903) was an American painter in oils and watercolor, and printmaker, active during the American Gilded Age and based primarily in the United Kingdom. He eschewed sentimentality and moral a ...
, American-English painter and illustrator (died 1903) * 1836Antônio Carlos Gomes, Brazilian composer (died 1896) * 1846Léon Bloy, French author and poet (died 1917) * 1849N. E. Brown, English plant taxonomist and authority on succulents (died 1934) * 1850Annie Armstrong, American missionary (died 1938) * 1866Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine (died 1953) * 1875H. M. Brock, British painter and illustrator (died 1960) *
1880 Events January *January 27 – Thomas Edison is granted a patent for the incandescent light bulb. Edison filed for a US patent for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected ... to platina contact wires." gr ...
Friedrich Lahrs, German architect and academic (died 1964) * 1881Isabel Martin Lewis, American astronomer and author (died 1966) * 1882James Larkin White, American miner, explorer, and park ranger (died 1946) *
1886 Events January * January 1 – Upper Burma is formally annexed to British rule in Burma, British Burma, following its conquest in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of November 1885. * January 5–January 9, 9 – Robert Louis Stevenson ...
Boris Grigoriev, Russian painter and illustrator (died 1939) * 1888Carl Schmitt, German philosopher and jurist (died 1985) * 1892Thomas Mitchell, American actor, singer, and screenwriter (died 1962) * 1894Erna Mohr, German zoologist (died 1968) * 1895Dorothy Wilde, English author and poet (died 1941) * 1897Bull Connor, American police officer (died 1973) * 1899Wilfrid Israel, German businessman and philanthropist (died 1943) * 1899 – E. B. White, American essayist and journalist (died 1985)


1901–present

* 1901Gwendolyn Lizarraga, Belizean businesswoman, activist, and politician (died 1975) * 1903Rudolf Abel, English-Russian colonel (died 1971) * 1903 – Sidney Franklin, American bullfighter (died 1976) * 1904Niño Ricardo, Spanish guitarist and composer (died 1972) * 1905Betty Allan, Australian statistician and biometrician (died 1952) * 1906Harry von Zell, American actor and announcer (died 1981) * 1906 – Herbert Wehner, German politician, Minister of Intra-German Relations (died 1990) * 1909Irene Hervey, American actress (died 1998) * 1909 – Jacques Clemens, Dutch catholic priest (died 2018) * 1910Sally Blane, American actress (died 1997) * 1911Erna Flegel, German nurse who was still present in the ''
Führerbunker The () was an air raid shelter located near the Reich Chancellery in Berlin, Germany. It was part of a subterranean bunker complex constructed in two phases in 1936 and 1944. It was the last of the Führer Headquarters (''Führerhaupt ...
'' when it was captured by Soviet troops (died 2006) *
1912 This year is notable for Sinking of the Titanic, the sinking of the ''Titanic'', which occurred on April 15. In Albania, this leap year runs with only 353 days as the country achieved switching from the Julian to Gregorian Calendar by skippin ...
Sergiu Celibidache Sergiu Celibidache (; ; 13 August 1996) was a Romanian people, Romanian Conducting, conductor, composer, musical theorist, and teacher. Educated in his native Romania, and later in Paris and Berlin, Celibidache's career in music spanned over fi ...
, Romanian conductor and composer (died 1996) * 1912 – Peta Taylor, English cricketer (died 1989) * 1912 – William F. Walsh, American captain and politician, 48th Mayor of Syracuse (died 2011) * 1913Paul Gibb, English cricketer (died 1977) * 1913 – Cordwainer Smith, American sinologist, author, and academic (died 1966) * 1915Leonard Goodwin, British protozoologist (died 2008) * 1916Mortimer Caplin, American tax attorney, educator, and IRS Commissioner (died 2019) * 1916 – Hans Maier, Dutch water polo player (died 2018) * 1916 – Alexander Prokhorov, Australian-Russian physicist and academic,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (died 2002) * 1916 – Reg Varney, English actor and screenwriter (died 2008) * 1916 – Gough Whitlam, Australian lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 21st
Prime Minister of Australia The prime minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia. The prime minister is the chair of the Cabinet of Australia and thus the head of the Australian Government, federal executive government. Under the pr ...
(died 2014) *
1918 The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ...
Venetia Burney, English educator, who named
Pluto Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of Trans-Neptunian object, bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. It is the ninth-largest and tenth-most-massive known object to directly orbit the Su ...
(died 2009) * 1918 – Roy Krenkel, American illustrator (died 1983) * 1920Yul Brynner, Russian actor and dancer (died 1985) * 1920 – Zecharia Sitchin, Russian-American author (died 2010) * 1922Gene Evans, American actor (died 1998) * 1922 – Fritz Riess, German-Swiss racing driver (died 1991) * 1923Richard Pipes, Polish-American historian and academic (died 2018) * 1923 –
Tun Tun Uma Devi Khatri
Press Release, 1924César Lattes, Brazilian physicist and academic (died 2005) * 1924 – Brett Somers, Canadian-American actress and singer (died 2007) * 1924 – Charlie Tully, Northern Irish footballer and manager (died 1971) * 1924 – Oscar Wyatt, American businessman * 1925Charles Chaynes, French composer (died 2016) * 1925 – Nicolai Gedda, Swedish operatic tenor (died 2017) * 1925 – Peter Kyros, American lawyer and politician (died 2012) * 1925 – Sid Smith, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 2004) * 1926Frederick Buechner, American minister, theologian, and author (died 2022) * 1927
Theodore Maiman Theodore Harold Maiman (July 11, 1927 – May 5, 2007) was an American engineer and physicist who is widely credited with the invention of the laser.Johnson, John Jr. (May 11, 2008). "Theodore H. Maiman, at age 32; scientist created the first L ...
, American-Canadian physicist and engineer (died 2007) * 1927 – Chris Leonard, English footballer (died 1987) * 1927 – Herbert Blomstedt, Swedish conductor * 1928Greville Janner, Baron Janner of Braunstone, Welsh-English lawyer and politician (died 2015) * 1928 – Bobo Olson, American boxer (died 2002) * 1928 – Andrea Veneracion, Filipina choirmaster (died 2014) * 1929Danny Flores, American singer-songwriter and saxophonist (died 2006) * 1929 – David Kelly, Irish actor (died 2012) * 1930Jack Alabaster, New Zealand cricketer (died 2024) * 1930 –
Harold Bloom Harold Bloom (July 11, 1930 – October 14, 2019) was an American literary critic and the Sterling Professor of humanities at Yale University. In 2017, Bloom was called "probably the most famous literary critic in the English-speaking world". Af ...
, American literary critic (died 2019) * 1930 – Mike Foster, American politician, 53rd Governor of Louisiana (died 2020) * 1930 – Trevor Storer, English businessman, founded Pukka Pies (died 2013) * 1930 – Ezra Vogel, American sociologist (died 2020) * 1931Dick Gray, American baseball player (died 2013) * 1931 – Thurston Harris, American doo-wop singer (died 1990) * 1931 – Tab Hunter, American actor and singer (died 2018) * 1931 – Tullio Regge, Italian physicist and academic (died 2014) *
1932 Events January * January 4 – The British authorities in India arrest and intern Mahatma Gandhi and Vallabhbhai Patel. * January 9 – Sakuradamon Incident (1932), Sakuradamon Incident: Korean nationalist Lee Bong-chang fails in his effort ...
Alex Hassilev, French-born American folk singer and musician (died 2024) * 1932 – Jean-Guy Talbot, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 2024) * 1933Jim Carlen, American football player and coach (died 2012) * 1933 – Frank Kelso, American admiral and politician,
United States Secretary of the Navy The Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) is a statutory officer () and the head (chief executive officer) of the United States Department of the Navy, Department of the Navy, a military department within the United States Department of Defense. On Mar ...
(died 2013) * 1934Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer, founded the Armani Company * 1934 – Clark R. Rasmussen, American politician (died 2024) *
1935 Events January * January 7 – Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval conclude an agreement, in which each power agrees not to oppose the other's colonial claims. * January 12 – Amelia Earhart ...
Frederick Hemke, American saxophonist and educator (died 2019) * 1935 – Oliver Napier, Northern Irish lawyer and politician (died 2011) * 1937Pai Hsien-yung, Chinese-Taiwanese author * 1941Bill Boggs, American journalist and producer * 1941 – Henry Lowther, English trumpet player *
1942 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...
Darrell Eastlake, Australian sportscaster (died 2018) *
1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 ...
Richard Carleton, Australian journalist (died 2006) * 1943 – Howard Gardner, American psychologist and academic * 1943 – Tom Holland, American actor, director, and screenwriter * 1943 – Peter Jensen, Australian metropolitan * 1943 – Robert Malval, Haitian businessman and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Haiti * 1943 – Rolf Stommelen, German racing driver (died 1983) * 1944Lou Hudson, American basketball player and coach (died 2014) * 1944 – Michael Levy, Baron Levy, English philanthropist * 1944 – Patricia Polacco, American author and illustrator *
1946 1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
Martin Wong, American painter (died 1999) * 1947Jeff Hanna, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and drummer * 1947 – Norman Lebrecht, English author and critic * 1947 – Bo Lundgren, Swedish politician *
1950 Events January * January 1 – The International Police Association (IPA) – the largest police organization in the world – is formed. * January 5 – 1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash, Sverdlovsk plane crash: ''Aeroflot'' Lisunov Li-2 ...
Pervez Hoodbhoy, Pakistani physicist and academic * 1950 – J. R. Morgan, Welsh author and academic * 1950 – Bonnie Pointer, American singer (died 2020) *
1951 Events January * January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950). * January 9 – The Government of the Uni ...
Ed Ott, American baseball player and coach (died 2024) * 1952Bill Barber, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1952 – Stephen Lang, American actor and playwright *
1953 Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito ...
Piyasvasti Amranand, Thai businessman and politician, Thai Minister of Energy * 1953 – Angélica Aragón, Mexican film, television, and stage actress and singer * 1953 – Peter Brown, American singer-songwriter and producer * 1953 – Suresh Prabhu, Indian accountant and politician, Indian Minister of Railways * 1953 – Patricia Reyes Spíndola, Mexican actress, director, and producer * 1953 – Leon Spinks, American boxer (died 2021) * 1953 – Mindy Sterling, American actress * 1953 – Ivan Toms, South African physician and activist (died 2008) * 1953 – Bramwell Tovey, English-Canadian conductor and composer (died 2022) * 1953 – Paul Weiland, English director, producer, and screenwriter * 1954Julia King, English engineer and academic * 1955Balaji Sadasivan, Singaporean neurosurgeon and politician, Singaporean Minister of Health (died 2010) *
1956 Events January * January 1 – The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Anglo-Egyptian Condominium ends in Sudan after 57 years. * January 8 – Operation Auca: Five U.S. evangelical Christian Missionary, missionaries, Nate Saint, Roger Youderian, E ...
Amitav Ghosh, Indian-American author and academic * 1956 –
Robin Renucci Robin Renucci (born 11 July 1956, in Le Creusot, Saône-et-Loire) is a French people, French film and television actor and film director. Acting filmography * ''Eaux profondes'' (1981) : ''Ralph'' * ''Les Misérables (1982 film), Les Misérabl ...
, French actor and director * 1956 – Sela Ward, American actress * 1957Johann Lamont, Scottish educator and politician * 1957 – Peter Murphy, English singer-songwriter * 1957 – Patsy O'Hara, Irish Republican hunger striker (died 1981) * 1957 – Michael Rose, Jamaican singer-songwriter * 1958Stephanie Dabney, American ballerina (died 2022) * 1958 – Mark Lester, English actor * 1958 – Hugo Sánchez, Mexican footballer, coach, and manager * 1959Richie Sambora, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1959 – Suzanne Vega, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1960David Baerwald, American singer-songwriter, composer, and musician * 1960 – Caroline Quentin, English actress * 1961Antony Jenkins, English banker and businessman *
1962 The year saw the Cuban Missile Crisis, which is often considered the closest the world came to a Nuclear warfare, nuclear confrontation during the Cold War. Events January * January 1 – Samoa, Western Samoa becomes independent from Ne ...
Gaétan Duchesne, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2007) * 1962 – Pauline McLynn, Irish actress and author * 1962 – Fumiya Fujii, Japanese music artist *
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cove ...
Al MacInnis, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1963 – Dean Richards, English rugby player and coach * 1963 – Lisa Rinna, American actress and talk show host * 1964Craig Charles, English actor and TV presenter *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The First Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lynd ...
Tony Cottee, English footballer, manager, and sportscaster * 1965 – Ernesto Hoost, Dutch kick-boxer and sportscaster * 1965 – Scott Shriner, American singer-songwriter and bass player *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...
Nadeem Aslam, Pakistani-English author * 1966 – Kentaro Miura, Japanese author and illustrator (died 2021) * 1966 – Rod Strickland, American basketball player and coach * 1966 – Ricky Warwick, Northern Irish musician * 1967Andy Ashby, American baseball player and sportscaster * 1967 – Jhumpa Lahiri, Indian American novelist and short story writer * 1968Michael Geist, Canadian journalist and academic * 1968 – Daniel MacMaster, Canadian singer-songwriter (died 2008) * 1968 – Esera Tuaolo, American football player * 1969Ned Boulting, British sports journalist and television presenter * 1970Justin Chambers, American actor * 1970 – Sajjad Karim, English lawyer and politician * 1970 – Eric Owens, American opera singer *
1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses (Solar eclipse of February 25, 1971, February 25, Solar eclipse of July 22, 1971, July 22 and Solar eclipse of August 20, 1971, August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 1971 lunar eclip ...
Leisha Hailey, American singer-songwriter and actress * 1971 – Scott Muller, Australian cricketerScott Muller
CricInfo. Retrieved 2021-06-03.
*
1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, ...
Cormac Battle, English-Irish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1972 – Michael Rosenbaum, American actor *
1973 Events January * January 1 – The United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and Denmark 1973 enlargement of the European Communities, enter the European Economic Community, which later becomes the European Union. * January 14 - The 16-0 19 ...
Konstantinos Kenteris, Greek runner * 1974Alanas Chošnau, Lithuanian singer-songwriter * 1974 – Hermann Hreiðarsson, Icelandic footballer and manager * 1974 – André Ooijer, Dutch footballer and coach *
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 – Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
Willie Anderson, American football player * 1975 – Rubén Baraja, Spanish footballer and manager * 1975 – Lil' Kim, American rapper and producer *
1976 Events January * January 2 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 18 – Full diplomatic ...
Eduardo Nájera, Mexican-American basketball player and coach * 1977Brandon Short, American football player and sportscaster *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...
Kathleen Edwards, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1978 – Massimiliano Rosolino, Italian swimmer *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
Raio Piiroja, Estonian footballer *
1980 Events January * January 4 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a United States grain embargo against the Soviet Union, grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the European Commission. * January 6 – Global Positioning Sys ...
Tyson Kidd, Canadian wrestler * 1980 – Kevin Powers, American soldier and author * 1981Andre Johnson, American football player * 1981 – Susana Barreiros, Venezuelan judge * 1982Chris Cooley, American football player *
1983 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning of the ...
Engin Baytar, German-Turkish footballer * 1983 – Peter Cincotti, American singer-songwriter and pianist * 1983 – Marie Serneholt, Swedish singer and dancer * 1984Yorman Bazardo, Venezuelan baseball player * 1984 – Tanith Belbin, Canadian-American ice dancer * 1984 – Jacoby Jones, American football player (died 2024) * 1984 – Joe Pavelski, American ice hockey player * 1984 – Morné Steyn, South African rugby player * 1985Robert Adamson, American actor, director, and producer * 1985 – Orestis Karnezis, Greek footballer * 1986Raúl García, Spanish footballer * 1986 – Yoann Gourcuff, French footballer * 1986 – Ryan Jarvis, English footballer *
1987 Events January * January 1 – Bolivia reintroduces the Boliviano currency. * January 2 – Chadian–Libyan conflict – Battle of Fada: The Military of Chad, Chadian army destroys a Libyan armoured brigade. * January 3 – Afghan leader ...
Shigeaki Kato, Japanese singer * 1988Étienne Capoue, French footballer * 1988 – Natalie La Rose, Dutch singer, songwriter and dancer * 1989Tobias Sana, Swedish footballer * 1989 – Travis Waddell, Australian rugby league player * 1989 – Shimanoumi Koyo, Japanese sumo wrestler * 1990Mona Barthel, German tennis player * 1990 – Connor Paolo, American actor * 1990 –
Adam Jezierski Adam Jezierski Ros (born 11 July 1990) is a Polish-born actor based in Spain. He is known for playing lead role in the series '' Física o Química'' as Gorka Martínez Mora. Biography Adam Jezierski was born on 11 July 1990 in Warsaw, Poland ...
, Polish-Spanish actor and singer * 1990 – Patrick Peterson, American football player * 1990 – Caroline Wozniacki, Danish tennis player *
1992 1992 was designated as International Space Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 – Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt replaces Javier Pérez de Cuéllar of Peru as United Nations Secretary-General. * January 6 ** The Republ ...
Mohamed Elneny, Egyptian footballer * 1993Rebecca Bross, American gymnast * 1993 – Heini Salonen, Finnish tennis player *
1994 The year 1994 was designated as the " International Year of the Family" and the "International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal" by the United Nations. In the Line Islands and Phoenix Islands of Kiribati, 1994 had only 364 days, omitti ...
Bartłomiej Kalinkowski, Polish footballer * 1994 – Anthony Milford, Australian rugby league player * 1994 – Nina Nesbitt, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1994 – Lucas Ocampos, Argentinian footballer * 1995Joey Bosa, American football player * 1995 – Tyler Medeiros, Canadian singer-songwriter and dancer * 1996Alessia Cara, Canadian singer-songwriter * 1997Ryan Rolison, American baseball player * 2002Amad, Ivorian footballer


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 472
Anthemius Procopius Anthemius (; died 11 July 472) was the Western Roman Empire, Western Roman emperor from 467 to 472. Born in the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire, Anthemius quickly worked his way up the ranks. He married into the Theodosian dyna ...
, Roman emperor (born 420) * 937Rudolph II of Burgundy (born 880) * 969Olga of Kiev (born 890) * 1174
Amalric I of Jerusalem Amalric (; 113611 July 1174), formerly known in historiography as , was the king of Jerusalem from 1163 until his death. He was, in the opinion of his Muslim adversaries, the bravest and cleverest of the crusader kings. Amalric was the younger ...
(born 1136) * 1183Otto I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria (born 1117) * 1302Robert II, Count of Artois (born 1250) * 1302 – Pierre Flotte, French politician and lawyer * 1344Ulrich III, Count of Württemberg (born c. 1286) * 1362Anna von Schweidnitz, empress of Charles IV (born 1339) * 1382Nicole Oresme, French philosopher (born 1325) * 1451Barbara of Cilli, Slovenian noblewoman * 1484Mino da Fiesole, Italian sculptor (born c. 1429) * 1535Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg (born 1484) * 1581Peder Skram, Danish admiral and politician (born 1503) * 1593Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Italian painter (born 1527) * 1599Chōsokabe Motochika, Japanese daimyō (born 1539)


1601–1900

* 1688Narai, Thai king (born 1629) * 1774Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet, Irish-English general (born 1715) * 1775Simon Boerum, American farmer and politician (born 1724) * 1797Ienăchiță Văcărescu, Romanian historian and philologist (born 1740) * 1806James Smith, Irish-American lawyer and politician (born 1719) * 1825Thomas P. Grosvenor, American soldier and politician (born 1744) * 1844
Yevgeny Baratynsky Yevgeny Abramovich Baratynsky ( rus, Евге́ний Абра́мович Бараты́нский, p=jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪj ɐˈbraməvʲɪtɕ bərɐˈtɨnskʲɪj, a=Yevgyeniy Abramovich Baratynskiy.ru.vorb.oga; 11 July 1844) was lauded by Alexande ...
, Russian philosopher and poet (born 1800) * 1897Patrick Jennings, Irish-Australian politician, 11th
Premier of New South Wales The premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster system, Westminster Parliamentary System, with a Parliament of New South Wales actin ...
(born 1831)


1901–present

* 1905Muhammad Abduh, Egyptian jurist and scholar (born 1849) * 1908Friedrich Traun, German sprinter and tennis player (born 1876) * 1909Simon Newcomb, Canadian-American astronomer and mathematician (born 1835) * 1929Billy Mosforth, English footballer and engraver (born 1857) * 1937
George Gershwin George Gershwin (; born Jacob Gershwine; September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an American composer and pianist whose compositions spanned jazz, popular music, popular and classical music. Among his best-known works are the songs "Swan ...
, American pianist, songwriter, and composer (born 1898) * 1959
Charlie Parker Charles Parker Jr. (August 29, 1920 – March 12, 1955), nicknamed "Bird" or "Yardbird", was an American jazz Saxophone, saxophonist, bandleader, and composer. Parker was a highly influential soloist and leading figure in the development of beb ...
, English cricketer, coach, and umpire (born 1882) *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...
Delmore Schwartz, American poet and short story writer (born 1913) * 1967Guy Favreau, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician, 28th Canadian Minister of Justice (born 1917) *
1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses (Solar eclipse of February 25, 1971, February 25, Solar eclipse of July 22, 1971, July 22 and Solar eclipse of August 20, 1971, August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 1971 lunar eclip ...
John W. Campbell, American journalist and author (born 1910) * 1971 – Pedro Rodríguez, Mexican racing driver (born 1940) * 1974Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish novelist, playwright, and poet
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; ; ) are awards administered by the Nobel Foundation and granted in accordance with the principle of "for the greatest benefit to humankind". The prizes were first awarded in 1901, marking the fifth anniversary of Alfred N ...
laureate (born 1891) *
1976 Events January * January 2 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 18 – Full diplomatic ...
León de Greiff, Colombian poet and educator (born 1895) *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
Claude Wagner, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (born 1925) *
1983 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning of the ...
Ross Macdonald, American-Canadian author (born 1915) *
1987 Events January * January 1 – Bolivia reintroduces the Boliviano currency. * January 2 – Chadian–Libyan conflict – Battle of Fada: The Military of Chad, Chadian army destroys a Libyan armoured brigade. * January 3 – Afghan leader ...
Avi Ran, Israeli footballer (born 1963) * 1987 – Yaakov Yitzchok Ruderman, American rabbi and scholar (born 1901) * 1989Laurence Olivier, English actor, director, and producer (born 1907) * 1991Mokhtar Dahari, Malaysian footballer and coach (born 1953) *
1994 The year 1994 was designated as the " International Year of the Family" and the "International Year of Sport and the Olympic Ideal" by the United Nations. In the Line Islands and Phoenix Islands of Kiribati, 1994 had only 364 days, omitti ...
Gary Kildall Gary Arlen Kildall (; May 19, 1942 – July 11, 1994) was an American computer scientist and microcomputer entrepreneur. During the 1970s, Kildall created the CP/M operating system among other operating systems and programming tools, and s ...
, American computer scientist, founded
Digital Research Digital Research, Inc. (DR or DRI) was a privately held American software company created by Gary Kildall to market and develop his CP/M operating system and related 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit systems like MP/M, Concurrent DOS, FlexOS, Multiuser ...
(born 1942) * 1998Panagiotis Kondylis, Greek philosopher and author (born 1943) *
1999 1999 was designated as the International Year of Older Persons. Events January * January 1 – The euro currency is established and the European Central Bank assumes its full powers. * January 3 – The Mars Polar Lander is launc ...
Helen Forrest, American singer (born 1917) * 1999 – Jan Sloot, Dutch computer scientist and electronics technician (born 1945) *
2000 2000 was designated as the International Year for the Culture of Peace and the World Mathematics, Mathematical Year. Popular culture holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium, because of a tende ...
Pedro Mir, Dominican lawyer, author, and poet (born 1913) * 2000 – Robert Runcie, English archbishop (born 1921) * 2001Herman Brood, Dutch musician and painter (born 1946) * 2003Zahra Kazemi, Iranian-Canadian freelance photographer (born 1948) *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and Its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 60 ...
Laurance Rockefeller, American financier and philanthropist (born 1910) * 2004 – Renée Saint-Cyr, French actress and producer (born 1904) *
2005 2005 was designated as the International Year for Sport and Physical Education and the International Year of Microcredit. The beginning of 2005 also marked the end of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples, Internationa ...
Gretchen Franklin, English actress and dancer (born 1911) * 2005 – Jesús Iglesias, Argentinian racing driver (born 1922) * 2005 – Frances Langford, American actress and singer (born 1913) * 2006Barnard Hughes, American actor (born 1915) * 2006 –
Bronwyn Oliver Bronwyn Joy Oliver (née Gooda, 22 February 1959 – 10 July 2006) was an Australian sculptor whose work primarily consisted of metalwork. Her sculptures are admired for their tactile nature, aesthetics, and technical skills demonstrated ...
, Australian sculptor (born 1959) * 2006 – John Spencer, English snooker player and sportscaster (born 1935) * 2007Glenda Adams, Australian author and academic (born 1939) * 2007 – Lady Bird Johnson, American beautification activist; 43rd
First Lady of the United States First Lady of the United States (FLOTUS) is a title typically held by the wife of the president of the United States, concurrent with the president's term in office. Although the first lady's role has never been Code of law, codified or offici ...
(born 1912) * 2007 – Alfonso López Michelsen, Colombian lawyer and politician, 32nd
President of Colombia The president of Colombia (President of the Republic) is the head of state and head of government of Colombia. The president heads the executive branch of the Government of Colombia, national government and is the commander-in-chief of the Mil ...
(born 1913) * 2007 – Ed Mirvish, American-Canadian businessman and philanthropist, founded Honest Ed's (born 1914) * 2008Michael E. DeBakey, American surgeon and educator (born 1908) *
2009 2009 was designated as the International Year of Astronomy by the United Nations to coincide with the 400th anniversary of Galileo Galilei's first known astronomical studies with a telescope and the publication of Astronomia Nova by Joha ...
Reg Fleming, Canadian-American ice hockey player (born 1936) * 2009 – Arturo Gatti, Italian-Canadian boxer (born 1972) * 2009 – Ji Xianlin, Chinese linguist and paleographer (born 1911) *
2013 2013 was the first year since 1987 to contain four unique digits (a span of 26 years). 2013 was designated as: *International Year of Water Cooperation *International Year of Quinoa Events January * January 5 – 2013 Craig, Alask ...
Emik Avakian, Iranian-American inventor (born 1923) * 2013 – Egbert Brieskorn, German mathematician and academic (born 1936) * 2013 –
Eugene P. Wilkinson Eugene Parks "Dennis" Wilkinson (August 10, 1918 – July 11, 2013) was a United States Navy officer. He was selected for three historic command assignments. The first, in 1954, was as the first commanding officer of , the world's first nuclear-po ...
, American admiral (born 1918) *
2014 The year 2014 was marked by the surge of the Western African Ebola epidemic, West African Ebola epidemic, which began in 2013, becoming the List of Ebola outbreaks, most widespread outbreak of the Ebola, Ebola virus in human history, resul ...
Charlie Haden, American bassist and composer (born 1937) * 2014 – Carin Mannheimer, Swedish author and screenwriter (born 1934) * 2014 – Bill McGill, American basketball player (born 1939) * 2014 – Tommy Ramone, Hungarian-American drummer and producer (born 1949) * 2014 – John Seigenthaler, American journalist and academic (born 1927) * 2014 – Randall Stout, American architect, designed the Taubman Museum of Art (born 1958) * 2015Giacomo Biffi, Italian cardinal (born 1928) * 2015 – Satoru Iwata, Japanese game programmer and businessman (born 1959) * 2015 – André Leysen, Belgian businessman (born 1927) * 2017 – Jim Wong-Chu, Canadian poet (born 1949) *
2020 The year 2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, social and Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of even ...
Marc Angelucci, American attorney and men's rights activist, Vice-president of the National Coalition for Men (born 1968) * 2020 – Frank Bolling, American baseball second baseman (born 1931) * 2021Charlie Robinson, American actor (born 1945) * 2021 – Renée Simonot, French actress (born 1911) * 2023Milan Kundera, Czech-French writer (born 1929) * 2024Shelley Duvall, American actress (born 1949) *2024 – Monte Kiffin, American football coach (born 1940)


Holidays and observances

*Christian Feast Day: **
Benedict of Nursia Benedict of Nursia (; ; 2 March 480 – 21 March 547), often known as Saint Benedict, was a Great Church, Christian monk. He is famed in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Lutheran Churches, the Anglican Communion, and Old ...
** Olga of Kiev **
Pope Pius I Pius I (, Greek: Πίος) was the bishop of Rome from 140 to his death 154, according to the ''Annuario Pontificio''. His dates are listed as 142 or 146 to 157 or 161, respectively. He is considered to have opposed both the Valentinians and ...
** July 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) * China National Maritime Day (
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...
) * Day of the Bandoneón (
Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...
) * Day of the Flemish Community ( Flemish Community of
Belgium Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeas ...
) * Eleventh Night (
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland ( ; ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It has been #Descriptions, variously described as a country, province or region. Northern Ireland shares Repub ...
) * National Day of Remembrance of the victims of the Genocide of the Citizens of the Polish Republic committed by Ukrainian Nationalists (
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
, established by the 22 July 2016 resolution of
Sejm The Sejm (), officially known as the Sejm of the Republic of Poland (), is the lower house of the bicameralism, bicameral parliament of Poland. The Sejm has been the highest governing body of the Third Polish Republic since the Polish People' ...
in reference to the July 11, 1943 Volhynian Bloody Sunday) * Gospel Day (
Kiribati Kiribati, officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an island country in the Micronesia subregion of Oceania in the central Pacific Ocean. Its permanent population is over 119,000 as of the 2020 census, and more than half live on Tarawa. The st ...
) * National Day of Commemoration, held on the nearest Sunday to this date (Ireland) *The first day of
Naadam Naadam (Mongolian Naadam Festival) (, classical Mongolian: ''Naɣadum'', , ''literally "games"'') is a traditional festival celebrated in Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and Tuva. The festival is also locally termed "eriin gurvan naadam" (), "the three ...
(July 11–15) (
Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po ...
) * World Population Day ( International) *International Day of Reflection and Commemoration of the 1995 Genocide in Srebrenica, established by the U.N. in May 2024.


References


External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:July 11 Days of July