Christian A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism, monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the wo ...

Old Testament The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Isr ...

Tanakh The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (;"Tanach"
. ''

Talmud The Talmud (; ) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (''halakha'') and Jewish theology. Until the advent of Haskalah#Effects, modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the cen ...

and the

Kabbalah Kabbalah or Qabalah ( ; , ; ) is an esoteric method, discipline and school of thought in Jewish mysticism. It forms the foundation of Mysticism, mystical religious interpretations within Judaism. A traditional Kabbalist is called a Mekubbal ...

. The discipline has long been a site of Jewish–Christian intellectual interaction. The early church fathers got their knowledge of Hebrew traditions (

Masoretic The Masoretic Text (MT or 𝕸; ) is the authoritative Hebrew and Aramaic text of the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible (''Tanakh'') in Rabbinic Judaism. The Masoretic Text defines the Jewish canon and its precise letter-text, with its vocaliz ...

,

Midrashim ''Midrash'' (;"midrash"
. ''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''. ; or ''midrashot' ...

and

Aggadah Aggadah (, or ; ; 'tales', 'legend', 'lore') is the non-legalistic exegesis which appears in the classical rabbinic literature of Judaism, particularly the Talmud and Midrash. In general, Aggadah is a compendium of rabbinic texts that incorporat ...

) from Jewish teachers. That is seen especially in the

exegesis Exegesis ( ; from the Ancient Greek, Greek , from , "to lead out") is a critical explanation or interpretation (philosophy), interpretation of a text. The term is traditionally applied to the interpretation of Bible, Biblical works. In modern us ...

of

Justin Martyr Justin, known posthumously as Justin Martyr (; ), also known as Justin the Philosopher, was an early Christian apologist and Philosophy, philosopher. Most of his works are lost, but two apologies and a dialogue did survive. The ''First Apolog ...

,

Aphraates Aphrahat (c. 280–c. 345; , ''Ap̄rahaṭ'', , , , and Latin ''Aphraates''), venerated as Saint Aphrahat the Persian, was a third-century Syriac Christian author of Iranian descent from the Sasanian Empire, who composed a series of twenty-three ...

, Ephraem Syrus and

Origen of Alexandria Origen of Alexandria (), also known as Origen Adamantius, was an early Christian scholar, ascetic, and theologian who was born and spent the first half of his career in Alexandria. He was a prolific writer who wrote roughly 2,000 treatises i ...

.

Jerome Jerome (; ; ; – 30 September 420), also known as Jerome of Stridon, was an early Christian presbyter, priest, Confessor of the Faith, confessor, theologian, translator, and historian; he is commonly known as Saint Jerome. He is best known ...

's teachers are even mentioned by name such as Bar Ḥanina (Hananiah). In the Middle Ages, Christian converts from Judaism provided a key source of Hebrew education, as native Christians rarely learned the language. As the Renaissance and Enlightenment proceeded, the discipline increasingly came to investigate extrabiblical texts, and eventually became a branch of

philology Philology () is the study of language in Oral tradition, oral and writing, written historical sources. It is the intersection of textual criticism, literary criticism, history, and linguistics with strong ties to etymology. Philology is also de ...

.

Antiquity

The notion of ''Hebraica veritas'' (Hebrew truth)—that the

Hebrew Bible The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (;"Tanach"
. '' Old Testament The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Isr ...

and as such was superior to the Greek translations, the

Septuagint The Septuagint ( ), sometimes referred to as the Greek Old Testament or The Translation of the Seventy (), and abbreviated as LXX, is the earliest extant Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible from the original Biblical Hebrew. The full Greek ...

—is generally traced back to

Jerome Jerome (; ; ; – 30 September 420), also known as Jerome of Stridon, was an early Christian presbyter, priest, Confessor of the Faith, confessor, theologian, translator, and historian; he is commonly known as Saint Jerome. He is best known ...

. This was "a radical shift ... in the history of Christian thought", since before his time the Septuagint was generally treated as authoritative without any need for looking to the Hebrew text. This was bolstered by the legend of the Septuagint's miraculous origin, which turned it into a divinely inspired translation. Jerome expressed doubt about the legend and, rather than accepting the common view that the Hebrew textual tradition had been corrupted by the Jews, expressed the view that the Greek translations were not wholly accurate. When Jerome produced a new Latin translation from the original languages, he chose as his source text for the Old Testament the proto-Masoretic text.

Middle Ages

In

Western Christianity Western Christianity is one of two subdivisions of Christianity (Eastern Christianity being the other). Western Christianity is composed of the Latin Church and Protestantism, Western Protestantism, together with their offshoots such as the O ...

knowledge of Hebrew was historically scarce outside of converts from Judaism.Aryeh Grabois, "Christian Hebraists", in Joseph Strayer (ed.), ''The Dictionary of the Middle Ages'' (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1983), vol. 3, pp. 313–14. The

Venerable Bede Bede (; ; 672/326 May 735), also known as Saint Bede, Bede of Jarrow, the Venerable Bede, and Bede the Venerable (), was an English monk, author and scholar. He was one of the most known writers during the Early Middle Ages, and his most fa ...

(d.735) discusses Hebrew terms, but appears to rely entirely on Jerome for this. The same may be said of

Alcuin Alcuin of York (; ; 735 – 19 May 804), also called Ealhwine, Alhwin, or Alchoin, was a scholar, clergyman, poet, and teacher from York, Northumbria. He was born around 735 and became the student of Ecgbert of York, Archbishop Ecgbert at Yor ...

(b.735), who revised the Biblical translation of Jerome. The ninth-century

Pseudo-Jerome Pseudo-Jerome is the name given to several authors misidentified as, or pseudepigraphically claiming to be, Saint Jerome. A principal writing identified as "Pseudo Jerome" is the ninth-century writing the ''Epistle of Pseudo-Jerome to Paula and Eu ...

, who worked in the circle of

Rabanus Maurus Rabanus Maurus Magnentius ( 780 – 4 February 856), also known as Hrabanus or Rhabanus, was a Frankish Benedictine monk, theologian, poet, encyclopedist and military writer who became archbishop of Mainz in East Francia. He was the author of t ...

(d.856), knew Hebrew. During the Twelfth-Century Renaissance, contact between Christian and Jewish scholars increased.

Peter Abelard Peter Abelard (12 February 1079 – 21 April 1142) was a medieval French scholastic philosopher, leading logician, theologian, teacher, musician, composer, and poet. This source has a detailed description of his philosophical work. In philos ...

(d.1142) recommended that Christian scholars take up the language of the Old Testament and many followed this recommendation. The School of Saint Victor became the centre of Hebraism in western Europe. The school of Toledo also worked with Hebrew, but it was secondary to Arabic. Adam of Saint Victor (d.1146) was the most prominent Victorine Hebraist and his student, Herbert of Bosham (fl.1162–89), studied with

Abraham ibn Ezra Abraham ben Meir Ibn Ezra (, often abbreviated as ; ''Ibrāhim al-Mājid ibn Ezra''; also known as Abenezra or simply ibn Ezra, 1089 / 1092 – 27 January 1164 / 23 January 1167)''Jewish Encyclopedia''online; '' Chambers Biographical Dictionar ...

(d.c.1167) to acquire deeper grammatical understanding. The

Cistercian The Cistercians (), officially the Order of Cistercians (, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict, as well as the contri ...

tradition of Hebrew studies began with Nicholas Manjacoria. Among prominent English Hebraists were Alexander Neckham (d.1217);

Stephen Langton Stephen Langton (c. 1150 – 9 July 1228) was an English Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal of the Catholic Church and Archbishop of Canterbury from 1207 until his death in 1228. The dispute between list of English kings, King John of E ...

(d.1228), who composed a Hebrew–Latin dictionary of Biblical terms; William de la Mare (fl.1272–79), who was patronised by

Robert Grosseteste Robert Grosseteste ( ; ; 8 or 9 October 1253), also known as Robert Greathead or Robert of Lincoln, was an Kingdom of England, English statesman, scholasticism, scholastic philosopher, theologian, scientist and Bishop of Lincoln. He was born of ...

(d.1253); and

Roger Bacon Roger Bacon (; or ', also '' Rogerus''; ), also known by the Scholastic accolades, scholastic accolade ''Doctor Mirabilis'', was a medieval English polymath, philosopher, scientist, theologian and Franciscans, Franciscan friar who placed co ...

(d.c.1292), who wrote a Hebrew grammar. In the fourteenth century, the

Franciscans The Franciscans are a group of related organizations in the Catholic Church, founded or inspired by the Italian saint Francis of Assisi. They include three independent religious orders for men (the Order of Friars Minor being the largest conte ...

and

Dominicans Dominicans () also known as Quisqueyans () are an ethnic group, ethno-nationality, national people, a people of shared ancestry and culture, who have ancestral roots in the Dominican Republic. The Dominican ethnic group was born out of a fusio ...

were involved in setting up chairs of Hebrew in

universities A university () is an educational institution, institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly ...

across Europe. The ecumenical Council of Vienne (1312) ordered chairs established at the universities of

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

,

Oxford Oxford () is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the List of oldest universities in continuou ...

,

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

,

Salamanca Salamanca () is a Municipality of Spain, municipality and city in Spain, capital of the Province of Salamanca, province of the same name, located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is located in the Campo Charro comarca, in the ...

and

Bologna Bologna ( , , ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy. It is the List of cities in Italy, seventh most populous city in Italy, with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nationalities. Its M ...

. Paris had the leading Hebraist of the period in

Nicholas of Lyra Nicolas de Lyra 1479 Nicholas of Lyra (; – October 1349), or Nicolaus Lyranus, a Franciscan teacher, was among the most influential practitioners of biblical exegesis in the Middle Ages. Little is known about his youth, aside from the ...

(d.1349), while following him was Bishop

Paul of Burgos Paul of Burgos (Burgos, 1351 – 29 August 1435) was a Spanish Jew who converted to Christianity, and became an archbishop, lord chancellor, and exegete. He is known also as Pablo de Santa María. His original name was Solomon ha-Levi. ...

(d.1435), a Jewish convert.

Renaissance

At the end of the 15th century the Renaissance and the Reformation, while awakening a new interest in the classics, brought about a return to the original text of Scripture and an attempt to understand the later literature of the Jews. Hieronymus Buslidius, the friend of

Erasmus Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus ( ; ; 28 October c. 1466 – 12 July 1536), commonly known in English as Erasmus of Rotterdam or simply Erasmus, was a Dutch Christian humanist, Catholic priest and Catholic theology, theologian, educationalist ...

, gave more than 20,000 francs to establish a Hebrew chair at

Louvain Leuven (, , ), also called Louvain (, , ), is the capital and largest city of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located about east of Brussels. The municipality itself comprises the sub-municipalities of ...

; as the chair of Hebrew at the

University of Paris The University of Paris (), known Metonymy, metonymically as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated wit ...

, Francis offered the chair to Elijah Levita, the friend of Cardinal Ægidius of Viterbo, who declined to accept it. Cardinal Grimani and other dignitaries, both of the state and of the Church, studied Hebrew and the

Kabbalah Kabbalah or Qabalah ( ; , ; ) is an esoteric method, discipline and school of thought in Jewish mysticism. It forms the foundation of Mysticism, mystical religious interpretations within Judaism. A traditional Kabbalist is called a Mekubbal ...

with Jewish teachers; even the warrior Guido Rangoni attempted the Hebrew language with the aid of Jacob Mantino (1526). Pico de la Mirandola (d. 1494) was the first to collect Hebrew manuscripts, and Reuchlin was the first to write a dictionary and short grammar of the Hebrew language (1506). A more detailed grammar was published by Otto Walper in 1590. During the 16th century there was an emphasis on Hebrew grammar and Jewish exegesis. One of the most noted Hebraists of this period was

Immanuel Tremellius Immanuel Tremellius (; 1510 – 9 October 1580) was an Italian Jewish convert to Christianity. He was known as a leading Hebraist and Bible translator. Life He was born at Ferrara and educated at the University of Padua. He was converted about ...

(1510–1580), who was born Jewish and converted first to Catholicism and soon thereafter became a Calvinist, producing the main Reformed translation of the Hebrew Bible into Latin (he also translated the New Testament from the Syriac into Latin).

Sebastian Münster Sebastian Münster (20 January 1488 – 26 May 1552) was a German cartographer and cosmographer. He also was a Christian Hebraist scholar who taught as a professor at the University of Basel. His well-known work, the highly accurate world map, ...

(d. 1552) was known as a grammarian; Pellicanus (d. 1556) and Pagninius (d. 1541), as lexicographers;

Daniel Bomberg Daniel Bomberg ( – ) was one of the most important early printers of Hebrew books. A Christian Hebraist who employed rabbis, scholars and apostates in his Venice publishing house, Bomberg printed the first Mikraot Gdolot (Rabbinic Bible) and ...

(d. 1549), as a printer of Hebrew books. Arius Montanus (d. 1598) edited the Masorah and the ''Travels of Benjamin of Tudela''. Widmanstadt (1523), living in a colony of Spanish Jewish refugees in

Naples Naples ( ; ; ) is the Regions of Italy, regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 908,082 within the city's administrative limits as of 2025, while its Metropolitan City of N ...

, studied Hebrew with David ibn Ya'ya and Baruch of Benevento, and collected the Hebrew manuscripts which formed the basis of the Hebrew division of the Royal Library at Munich. Vatablé (d. 1547) made use of

Rashi Shlomo Yitzchaki (; ; ; 13 July 1105) was a French rabbi who authored comprehensive commentaries on the Talmud and Hebrew Bible. He is commonly known by the List of rabbis known by acronyms, Rabbinic acronym Rashi (). Born in Troyes, Rashi stud ...

's commentary.

Conrad Gesner Conrad Gessner (; ; 26 March 1516 – 13 December 1565) was a Old Swiss Confederacy, Swiss physician, natural history, naturalist, bibliographer, and philologist. Born into a poor family in Zürich, Switzerland, his father and teachers quickly ...

(d. 1565) was the first Christian to compile a catalogue of Hebrew books; Jacob Christmann (d. 1613) busied himself with the Jewish calendar, and Drusius (d. 1616) with the ethical writings of the Jews.

17th century

Johannes Buxtorf Johannes Buxtorf () (December 25, 1564September 13, 1629) was a celebrated Hebraist, member of a family of Orientalists; professor of Hebrew for thirty-nine years at Basel and was known by the title, "Master of the Rabbis". His massive tome, '' ...

(d. 1629) studied the ''

Targum A targum (, ''interpretation'', ''translation'', ''version''; plural: targumim) was an originally spoken translation of the Hebrew Bible (also called the ) that a professional translator ( ''mǝṯurgǝmān'') would give in the common language o ...

'' and the ''Talmud'', and also endeavored to understand Jewish history. Women also showed interest in Hebraism:

Anna Maria van Schurman Anna Maria van Schurman (November 5, 1607 – May 4, 1678) was a Dutch people, Dutch painter, engraver, poet, classical scholar, philosopher, and Feminism, feminist writer who is best known for her exceptional learning and her defence of fem ...

, in the Dutch Republic; Dorothy Dury in England;

Queen Christina of Sweden Christina (; 18 December O.S. 8 December">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O.S. 8 December1626 – 19 April 1689), a member of the House of Vasa, was Monarchy of Sweden, Queen of Sweden from ...

(d. 1689); Maria Dorothea, consort of the

Duke of Saxe-Weimar Saxe-Weimar () was one of the History of Saxony, Saxon duchies held by the Ernestine duchies, Ernestine branch of the House of Wettin, Wettin dynasty in present-day Thuringia. The chief town and capital was Weimar. The Weimar branch was the most ...

; Elizabeth, daughter of Frederick of the Palatinate; Maria Eleanora, wife of Charles Ludwig of the Palatinate; Antonia, daughter of Duke Eberhard of Württemberg. Through Buxtorf a serious attempt was made to understand the post-Biblical literature, and many of the most important works were translated into Latin. In this connection the following names may be mentioned: Johannes Cocceius (d. 1667); Constantin L'Empereur (d. 1648); John Lightfoot (d. 1675); Johann Leusden (d. 1699); and especially Surenhuis (1698), who gave a complete translation of the ''

Mishnah The Mishnah or the Mishna (; , from the verb ''šānā'', "to study and review", also "secondary") is the first written collection of the Jewish oral traditions that are known as the Oral Torah. Having been collected in the 3rd century CE, it is ...

''; Jewish theology was studied by Carpzov (d. 1699), Wagenseil (1705; whose letters show how he gathered information), and Johann Stephan Rittangel (1641); antiquities, by Samuel Bochart (d. 1667), Hottinger (d. 1667), Hyde (d. 1700), Trigland (d. 1705), Breithaupt (1707), and Johann Jakob Schudt (d. 1722). Hackspan (d. 1659) wrote upon the value to the theologian of studying the works of the Rabbis. Their writings on the Bible were read by Schickard (1635),

Humphrey Hody Humphrey Hody (1659 – 20 January 1707) was an England, English scholar and theology, theologian. Life He was born at Odcombe in Somerset in 1659. In 1676 he entered Wadham College, Oxford, of which he became a fellow in 1685. In 1692 he ...

(d. 1706), and Richard Simon (d. 1712), while catalogues of Hebrew collections were published by Plantavitius (d. 1651), Le Long (d. 1721), and Montfaucon (d. 1741). Hottinger gave this literature a place in his ''Bibliotheca Orientalis''; Otho (1672) wrote a biographical lexicon of the Mishnah teachers; and Bartolocci's ''Bibliotheca Rabbinica'' (1675) continued these bibliographical labors.

18th century

Jacques Basnage knew no Hebrew, but his ''L'Histoire de la Religion des Juifs'' was the first attempt at a complete presentation of the history of Judaism. The ''Entdecktes Judenthum'' of Eisenmenger (d.1704) compiled a collection of Jewish learning. Johann Christoph Wolf (d. 1739), with the help of the Oppenheimer library, was able to produce his ''Bibliotheca Hebræa'', which laid the foundation for all later works in Hebrew bibliography. Johann Christian Georg Bodenschatz (d. 1797), though not a scholarly Hebraist, gave an accurate account of Jewish ceremonials. Bashuysen (d. 1750) was a translator and printer of Hebrew books. Reland (d. 1718), was the first to use Talmudic material for the study of the geography of Palestine. The bibliographers Unger (d. 1719) and Gagnier (d. 1720) gave Wolf his information regarding the manuscripts in the Bodleian. J. H. Michaelis (d. 1738) and Mai (d. 1732) compiled a catalogue of the Uffenbach library. Baratier (d. 1740), the youthful prodigy wrote on

Benjamin of Tudela Benjamin of Tudela (), also known as Benjamin ben Jonah, was a medieval Jewish traveler who visited Europe, Asia, and Africa in the twelfth century. His vivid descriptions of western Asia preceded those of Marco Polo by a hundred years. With his ...

. Mill (d. 1756) treated rabbinical exegesis. Wähner (1762) described Hebrew antiquities. In America

Ezra Stiles Ezra Stiles ( – May 12, 1795) was an American educator, academic, Congregationalist minister, theologian, and author. He is noted as the seventh president of Yale College (1778–1795) and one of the founders of Brown University. According ...

, the president of

Yale College Yale College is the undergraduate college of Yale University. Founded in 1701, it is the original school of the university. Although other Yale schools were founded as early as 1810, all of Yale was officially known as Yale College until 1887, ...

(1778), was a student of post-Biblical Jewish literature.

Early 19th century

Towards the end of the 18th century the focus of Semitic scholars shifted to

Biblical criticism Modern Biblical criticism (as opposed to pre-Modern criticism) is the use of critical analysis to understand and explain the Bible without appealing to the supernatural. During the eighteenth century, when it began as ''historical-biblical c ...

and the study of other

Semitic language The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They include Arabic, Amharic, Tigrinya, Aramaic, Hebrew, Maltese, Modern South Arabian languages and numerous other ancient and modern languages. They are spoken by mo ...

s. Interest in the text of the Bible caused some work to be done in the collecting of Hebrew manuscripts, especially by Benjamin Kennicott in England (1776–80) and

Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi Giovanni Bernardo De Rossi (October 25, 1742 in Castelnuovo Nigra, Piedmont – March 23, 1831 in Parma) was an Italian Christian Hebraist. He studied in Ivrea and Turin. In October 1769, he was appointed professor of Oriental languages at the U ...

in Italy (1784–88).

Late 19th century

The Institutum Judaicum in

Leipzig Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...

, founded by

Franz Delitzsch Franz Delitzsch (23 February 1813, in Leipzig – 4 March 1890, in Leipzig) was a German Lutheran theologian and Hebraist. Delitzsch wrote many commentaries on books of the Bible, Jewish antiquities, Biblical psychology, as well as a history of J ...

, and a similar society bearing the same name in Berlin and founded by Hermann Strack, attempted to diffuse in the Christian world a knowledge of Jewish writings.

Gustav Dalman Gustaf Hermann Dalman (9 June 1855 – 19 August 1941) was a German Lutheran theologian and orientalist. He did extensive field work in Palestine before the First World War, collecting inscriptions, poetry, and proverbs. He also collected physica ...

published philological works on Talmudic grammar and lexicography.

List of Christian Hebraists

The following list of Christian Hebraists includes material taken from the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906), compiled upon the basis of Steinschneider's article mentioned in the bibliography below. Christian students of the

Bible The Bible is a collection of religious texts that are central to Christianity and Judaism, and esteemed in other Abrahamic religions such as Islam. The Bible is an anthology (a compilation of texts of a variety of forms) originally writt ...

more generally were not included, as they may be found in other articles.

A

* Aarhus, Peter Sim. (c. 1711; Hafen ?) * Abicht, Jo. Ge. (d. 1740;

Wittenberg Wittenberg, officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg, is the fourth-largest town in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, in the Germany, Federal Republic of Germany. It is situated on the River Elbe, north of Leipzig and south-west of the reunified German ...

) * Adler, Jac. Ge Chr. (d. 1805;

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the Urban area of Copenhagen, urban area. The city is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager, separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the ...

) * Ægidius de Viterbo (1471–1532; Italy) * Alberta Katherina (17th century; Bohemia) * Alfonso de Leon Zamora (16th century) * Allixius, Petrus (17th century;

Alençon Alençon (, , ; ) is a commune in Normandy, France, and the capital of the Orne department. It is situated between Paris and Rennes (about west of Paris) and a little over north of Le Mans. Alençon belongs to the intercommunality of Alen� ...

) * Alting, Jacob (17th century;

Groningen Groningen ( , ; ; or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen (province), Groningen province in the Netherlands. Dubbed the "capital of the north", Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of ...

, Dutch Republic) * Amoena Amalia (wife of Duke Louis; d. 1625, Anhalt) * Amoena, Louise (princess; 17th century;

Anhalt Saxony-Anhalt ( ; ) is a state of Germany, bordering the states of Brandenburg, Saxony, Thuringia and Lower Saxony. It covers an area of and has a population of 2.17 million inhabitants, making it the 8th-largest state in Germany by area an ...

) * Anna Sophia, Abbess (c. 1658; Quedlinburg) * Anna (Weissbrucker) Urban (16th century) * Anchersen, Matthias (d. 1741;

Jutland Jutland (; , ''Jyske Halvø'' or ''Cimbriske Halvø''; , ''Kimbrische Halbinsel'' or ''Jütische Halbinsel'') is a peninsula of Northern Europe that forms the continental portion of Denmark and part of northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein). It ...

) * Anslus, Gerebrard (17th century) * Antonia, Duchess (d. 1679; Württemberg) * Arias Montanus (Benedictine; d. 1598;

Seville Seville ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Spain, Spanish autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the Guadalquivir, River Guadalquivir, ...

) *

Armengaud Blaise Armengaud Blaise (died 1312) was a physician, translator and author active in the Crown of Aragon and Papal Avignon. He mainly translated Arabic medical works into Latin, but he also made one translation from Hebrew with the help of a Jewish fri ...

(d. 1312;

Montpellier Montpellier (; ) is a city in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea. One of the largest urban centres in the region of Occitania (administrative region), Occitania, Montpellier is the prefecture of the Departments of France, department of ...

) * Arnd, Joshua (c. 1626;

Güstrow Güstrow (; ) is a town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in north-eastern Germany. It is capital of the Rostock (district), Rostock district; Rostock itself is a district-free city and regiopolis. It has a population of 28,999 (2020) and is the sevent ...

) * Arnoldus, Michael (c. 1680; Dutch Republic) * (1696–1763; Upsala) * Assemani, Simon (1752 - 1821;

Padua Padua ( ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in Veneto, northern Italy, and the capital of the province of Padua. The city lies on the banks of the river Bacchiglione, west of Venice and southeast of Vicenza, and has a population of 20 ...

) * Aubry, Esaias (c. 1730; Berlin ?)

B

* Bacon, Roger (1214–94; Oxford) * Baldi, Bernardino (1553–1617;

Urbino Urbino ( , ; Romagnol: ''Urbìn'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Italy, Italian region of Marche, southwest of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site notable for a remarkable historical legacy of independent Renaissance culture, especially und ...

) * Baratier, Johann Philipp/Jean-Phillipe (1721–40;

Schwabach Schwabach () is a German city of about 40,000 inhabitants near Nuremberg in the centre of the region of Franconia in the north of Bavaria. Together with the neighboring cities of Nuremberg, Fürth and Erlangen, Schwabach forms one of the three me ...

) * Barozzi, Francesco (d. 1587; Italy) * Bartolocci, Giulio (1613–87; Rome) * Bashuysen, Heinrich Jacob (1679–1750;

Hanau Hanau () is a city in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is 25 km east of Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main and part of the Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region. Its railway Hanau Hauptbahnhof, station is a ma ...

) * Baynus, Rudolphus (c. 1554; Paris) * Beckmann, Jo. Christ. (c. 1677;

Frankfurt-an-der-Oder Frankfurt (Oder), also known as Frankfurt an der Oder (, ; Marchian dialects, Central Marchian: ''Frankfort an de Oder,'' ) is the fourth-largest city in the German state of Brandenburg after Potsdam, Cottbus and Brandenburg an der Havel. With a ...

) * Becks, Matth. Frid. (1649–1701; Augsburg) * Bedwell, William (1561–1632; London) * Beelen, Ian Theodor (c. 1841;

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , ; ; ) is the capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, largest city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It has a population of 933,680 in June 2024 within the city proper, 1,457,018 in the City Re ...

) * Beke, Matth. (c. 1708; Amsterdam) * Bellermann, Johann Joachim (1754–1842;

Erfurt Erfurt () is the capital (political), capital and largest city of the Central Germany (cultural area), Central German state of Thuringia, with a population of around 216,000. It lies in the wide valley of the Gera (river), River Gera, in the so ...

) * Bengel (?), Eric (c. 1692; Sweden) * Bernard, Edward (1638–96; Oxford) * Billerbeck, Paul (1853 - 1932, Germany) * Bircherode, Jan. (1623–86; Copenhagen) * Biscioni, Anton Maria (1674–1756; Florence) * Bleibtreu, Philipp Johann (c. 1699; Frankfort-on-the-Main) * Blesilla (5th century) * Bodecker, Stephan (Bishop; c. 1438;

Brandenburg Brandenburg, officially the State of Brandenburg, is a States of Germany, state in northeastern Germany. Brandenburg borders Poland and the states of Berlin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony. It is the List of Ger ...

) * (1611, Greifenberg (

Pomerania Pomerania ( ; ; ; ) is a historical region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Poland and Germany. The central and eastern part belongs to the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, West Pomeranian, Pomeranian Voivod ...

) – 1639,

Rostock Rostock (; Polabian language, Polabian: ''Roztoc''), officially the Hanseatic and University City of Rostock (), is the largest city in the German States of Germany, state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and lies in the Mecklenburgian part of the sta ...

) * Borel, Adam, Jun. (1603–67;

Zealand Zealand ( ) is the largest and most populous islands of Denmark, island in Denmark proper (thus excluding Greenland and Disko Island, which are larger in size) at 7,031 km2 (2715 sq. mi.). Zealand had a population of 2,319,705 on 1 Januar ...

) * , (1472–1540) * (c. 1638; Paris) * (1639–1713;

Gotha Gotha () is the fifth-largest city in Thuringia, Germany, west of Erfurt and east of Eisenach with a population of 44,000. The city is the capital of the district of Gotha and was also a residence of the Ernestine Wettins from 1640 until the ...

) * Brighenti, Gio. Ant. (d. 1702;

Verona Verona ( ; ; or ) is a city on the Adige, River Adige in Veneto, Italy, with 255,131 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region, and is the largest city Comune, municipality in the region and in Northeast Italy, nor ...

) * Broughton, Hugh (1549–1612;

Tottenham Tottenham (, , , ) is a district in north London, England, within the London Borough of Haringey. It is located in the Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county of Greater London. Tottenham is centred north-northeast of Charing Cross, ...

) *

Sir Thomas Browne Sir Thomas Browne ( "brown"; 19 October 160519 October 1682) was an English polymath and author of varied works which reveal his wide learning in diverse fields including science and medicine, religion and the esoteric. His writings display a d ...

(1605–82) * Buddaeus, Jo. Fr. ( Johann Franz Buddeus) (1667–1729; Halle?) * Burgonovo, Archangelus ( Minorite; 16th century; Pozzo) * Buxtorf, Johannes I. (1564–1629;

Basel Basel ( ; ), also known as Basle ( ), ; ; ; . is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine (at the transition from the High Rhine, High to the Upper Rhine). Basel is Switzerland's List of cities in Switzerland, third-most-populo ...

) * Buxtorf, Johannes II. (1599–1664; Basel) * Buxtorf, Johannes Jakob (1645–1705; Basel) * Buxtorf, Johannes Jakob (1663–1732; Basel)

C

* Cademannus, Jos. Rud. ( Johann Rudolf Cademann) (1680–1720; Pegau) * Calonges, Madame de * Campen, Joh. van ( John van Campen) (1490–1538; Freiburg-im-Breisgau) * Caninius, Angelus (1521–57; Paris) * Cappellan, Claud. (d. 1667; Paris) * Carpzov, Johann (Benedictine; 1639–99; Leipzig) * Cartwright, Christopher (1602–58;

York York is a cathedral city in North Yorkshire, England, with Roman Britain, Roman origins, sited at the confluence of the rivers River Ouse, Yorkshire, Ouse and River Foss, Foss. It has many historic buildings and other structures, such as a Yor ...

) * Castell, Edmund (1606–85; Higham Gobion) * Castro, Joh. Rodriguez de (1739–96;

Madrid Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It i ...

) * Cellarius (?), Jo. (c. 1518) * Chenery, Thomas (1826–84; London) * Chevalier, Antoine Rodolphe (1523–1572); France) * Chiarini, Luigi (Abbé; 1789–1832;

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

) * Christmann, Jac. (1554–1613; Heidelberg) * Chytraeus, D. (c. 1551) * Cibo—? (wife of Joh. Verano,

Duke of Camerino Duke of Camerino is a title of nobility, originally in Papal peerage. It was created on 1503 by Apostolic authority of Pope Alexander VI and cardinal council over the ancient Marquissate of Camerino, which was part of the Dukedom of Spoleto. ...

; 1550) * Ciselius, Phil. (c. 1696;

Franeker Franeker (; ) is one of the eleven historical City rights in the Low Countries, cities of Friesland and capital of the municipality of Waadhoeke. It is located north of the Van Harinxmakanaal and about west of Leeuwarden. As of 2023, it had 13,0 ...

) * Clanner (J. G. ?) (c. 1726 ?) * Samuel Clark (c. 1657; Oxford) * Clavering, Robert (Bishop; 1671–1747;

Peterborough Peterborough ( ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city in the City of Peterborough district in the Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire, England. The city is north of London, on the River Nene. A ...

) * Clodius, Jo. Chr. (d. 1633; Leipzig) * Cluverus, Jo. (17th century) * Cnollen, Adam Andreas (1674–1714; Füth) * Cnollen, Jos. Nicol. (brother of preceding) * Coccejus (Koch), Jo. (1603–69;

Leyden Leiden ( ; ; in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. The municipality of Leiden has a population of 127,046 (31 January 2023), but the city forms one densely connecte ...

) * Coddaeus, Giul. ( Wilhelmus van der Codde) (1575–1630; Leyden) * Collin, C. E. (c. 1705;

Giessen Giessen, spelled in German (), is a town in the Germany, German States of Germany, state () of Hesse, capital of both the Giessen (district), district of Giessen and the Giessen (region), administrative region of Giessen. The population is appro ...

) * Collins, G. (c. 1890; Oxford) * Cornaro, Piscopia Cornelia ( Eleonora Lucretia; (1646–1684) ;

Venice Venice ( ; ; , formerly ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 islands that are separated by expanses of open water and by canals; portions of the city are li ...

) * Costus, Petrus (c. 1554) * Cotta, Johann Friedrich (1701–79;

Tübingen Tübingen (; ) is a traditional college town, university city in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated south of the state capital, Stuttgart, and developed on both sides of the Neckar and Ammer (Neckar), Ammer rivers. about one in ...

) * Cramer, Anna Maria (1613–27; Magdeburg) * Cramer, Johann Jakob (1673–1702;

Zürich Zurich (; ) is the list of cities in Switzerland, largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is in north-central Switzerland, at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich. , the municipality had 448,664 inhabitants. The ...

) * Cramer, Johann Rudolf (1678–1731; Zürich) * Crenius, Thom. (1648–1728; Leyden) * Crocius, Lud. Mich. (c. 1673) * Croius (?), Jo. (18th century; Oxford)

D

* Dachs, Fried. Bernh. (c. 1726;

Utrecht Utrecht ( ; ; ) is the List of cities in the Netherlands by province, fourth-largest city of the Netherlands, as well as the capital and the most populous city of the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of Utrecht (province), Utrecht. The ...

) * Dalmaki, Laurentius (c. 1643; Hunga) * Danz, Jo. Andr. (1654–1728;

Jena Jena (; ) is a List of cities and towns in Germany, city in Germany and the second largest city in Thuringia. Together with the nearby cities of Erfurt and Weimar, it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 in ...

) * Dassovius, Theod. (d. 1721;

Wittenberg Wittenberg, officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg, is the fourth-largest town in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, in the Germany, Federal Republic of Germany. It is situated on the River Elbe, north of Leipzig and south-west of the reunified German ...

;

Kiel Kiel ( ; ) is the capital and most populous city in the northern Germany, German state of Schleswig-Holstein. With a population of around 250,000, it is Germany's largest city on the Baltic Sea. It is located on the Kieler Förde inlet of the Ba ...

) * Delitzsch, Franz (1813–1890;

Leipzig Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...

* Diogo Correa Coelho (c. 1990; orn Brazilian * Disma, P. (c. 1757; Italy) * Dithmar, Just. Christ. (c. 1706; Dutch Republic?) * Donatus, Franc. (d. 1635; Rome) * Dorothea Maria (wife of Duke John; 17th century; Saxe-Weimar) * Dove, John (c. 1746; London) * Johannes van den Driesche, "Drusius" (1550–1616; Leyden) * Drusius, Jo. II. (son of preceding; 1588–1609;

Chichester Chichester ( ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and civil parish in the Chichester District, Chichester district of West Sussex, England.OS Explorer map 120: Chichester, South Harting and Selsey Scale: 1:25 000. Publisher ...

) * John Duncan (1796 Aberdeen – 26 February 1870)

E

* Adam Easton (

Benedictine The Benedictines, officially the Order of Saint Benedict (, abbreviated as O.S.B. or OSB), are a mainly contemplative monastic order of the Catholic Church for men and for women who follow the Rule of Saint Benedict. Initiated in 529, th ...

; d. 1397;

Hereford Hereford ( ) is a cathedral city and the county town of the ceremonial county of Herefordshire, England. It is on the banks of the River Wye and lies east of the border with Wales, north-west of Gloucester and south-west of Worcester. With ...

) * Ebertus, Jac. (1549–1614; Frankfort-on-the-Oder) * Ebertus, Theod. (d. 1630; Frankfort-on-the-Oder) * Alfred Edersheim (1825–1889) * Eggers, Jo. (c. 1719; Basel; Leyden) * Einem, Jo. Justus von (c. 1738; Germany) * Einsiedel, Marg. Sybilla (wife of Conrad Löser; c. 1670; Saxony) * Eisenmenger, Joh. And. (1654–1704;

Heidelberg Heidelberg (; ; ) is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, fifth-largest city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, and with a population of about 163,000, of which roughly a quarter consists of studen ...

) * Elisabeth ( Abbess of Herfort; d. 1680) * Empereur, Constantin l' (1570–1648; Leyden) * Etheridge, J. W. (c. 1856; Penzance) * Eustochium Julia (5th century; Rome)

F

* Fabricius, Ern. Christ. (c. 1792) * Fabricius, Fred. (1642–1703; Wittenberg) * Fabricius, Johann Albert (1668–1736) * Fagius Paul(us) (1504–49;

Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a List of cities in the United Kingdom, city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It is the county town of Cambridgeshire and is located on the River Cam, north of London. As of the 2021 Unit ...

) * Faust, Jo. Friedr. (c. 1706; Germany) * Ferrand, Lud. (c. 1640–1700; Paris) * Figueiro, Petrusa (c. 1615) * Fourmont, Étienne, the elder (1683–1745; Paris) * Franciscus, Maria ( Capuchin) * Franck, Sebastian (c. 1537; Ulm) * Francke, August Hermann (1663–1727) * Frey, Jo. Ludw. (1682–1759; Basel) * Friesen, Henr. Kath. (17th century; Saxony) * Frommann, Erh. Andr. (1722–74; Monastery of Berge,

Magdeburg Magdeburg (; ) is the Capital city, capital of the Germany, German States of Germany, state Saxony-Anhalt. The city is on the Elbe river. Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I, the first Holy Roman Emperor and founder of the Archbishopric of Mag ...

) * Fronmüller, Conrad (c. 1679; Altdorf?) * Fuller, Nicol. (1557–1626;

Salisbury Salisbury ( , ) is a city status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and civil parish in Wiltshire, England with a population of 41,820, at the confluence of the rivers River Avon, Hampshire, Avon, River Nadder, Nadder and River Bourne, Wi ...

)

G

* Gaffarellus, Jacobus/Jacques Gaffarel (1601–81) * Gagnier, Joseph (1670–1740; Oxford) * Galatinus, Petrus/Galatino, Pietro Colonna (c. 1518) * Galle, Joh. (c. 1711; Upsala) * Gaudia, Barthol. Valverdio (Spain) * Gaulmyn, Gilb. (d. 1667; France) * Gejerus, Martin (1614–80;

Freiberg Freiberg () is a university and former mining town in Saxony, Germany, with around 41,000 inhabitants. The city lies in the foreland of the Ore Mountains, in the Saxon urbanization axis, which runs along the northern edge of the Elster and ...

) * Genebrard, Gilbert (1537–97; Samur) * (1618–87; Freiberg) * Gesenius, Wilhelm (1786–1842; Halle an der Saale) * Georgios, Chrysococca (1340-56? Greece) * Germberg, Herm. (1604) * Giggeius, Ant. (d. 1632; Milan) * Gill, John (1697–1771; London) * Graser, Conrad (d. 1613; Germany) * Greenup, Albert (1866–1952; England) * Groddeck, Gaḅr. (1672–1709; Danzig) * Guidacerius (Guidacier), Agathius (c. 1540) * Guisius, Gulielmus (1653–90; Oxford) * Guyenne, De (c. 1625; Paris)

H

* (d. 1633; France) * Hackspan, Theodor (1607–59; Altdorf) * Haller, Albert (1708–77;

Bern Bern (), or Berne (), ; ; ; . is the ''de facto'' Capital city, capital of Switzerland, referred to as the "federal city".; ; ; . According to the Swiss constitution, the Swiss Confederation intentionally has no "capital", but Bern has gov ...

) * Hanel, Melchior (c. 1661;

Prague Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...

) * Hannecken, Meno (1595–1677;

Marburg Marburg (; ) is a college town, university town in the States of Germany, German federal state () of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf Districts of Germany, district (). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has ...

* (1707–85; Helmstädt) * Hardt, Herm. van der (1660–1746; Helmstädt) * (1774–1838;

Rostock Rostock (; Polabian language, Polabian: ''Roztoc''), officially the Hanseatic and University City of Rostock (), is the largest city in the German States of Germany, state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and lies in the Mecklenburgian part of the sta ...

) * Hartmann, Jo. Phil. (c. 1708) * Hartmann, Martin (1851, Breslau – 1918, Berlin) * Havemann, Chris. (17th century) * Hebenstreit, Johann Christian (1686–1756; Leipsic) * Helenius, Engelbart (c. 1727; Sweden) * Helvig, Christoph (1581–1617;

Giessen Giessen, spelled in German (), is a town in the Germany, German States of Germany, state () of Hesse, capital of both the Giessen (district), district of Giessen and the Giessen (region), administrative region of Giessen. The population is appro ...

) * Hepburn, James Bonaventure (1573–1621; Scotland) * Herford, R. Travers (1860–1950) British * Hilpert, Jo. (c. 1651) * Hinckelmann, Alr. (1652–95; Hamburg) * Hirt, Jo. Frid. (1719–84; Wittenberg) * Hochsteter, Andreas Adam (1668–1717; Tübingen) * Holten, Albert (c. 1675; Tübingen) * (1722–81;

Leipzig Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...

) *

Honorius Honorius (; 9 September 384 – 15 August 423) was Roman emperor from 393 to 423. He was the younger son of emperor Theodosius I and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla. After the death of Theodosius in 395, Honorius, under the regency of Stilicho ...

(Monk; 1452) * Hottinger, Johann Heinrich I. (1620–67; Heidelberg) * Hottinger, Jo. Henr. II. (c. 1704) * Houting, Henr. (c. 1695) * Hufnagel, G. F. (c. 1795) * Huldrich, Jo. Jac. (1683–1731) * Hulsius, Anton (d. 1685; Holland) * Husen, Franc. (c. 1676) * Hyde, Thomas (1631–1703; Oxford)

I

* Ikenius, Conrad (1689–1753;

Bremen Bremen (Low German also: ''Breem'' or ''Bräm''), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (, ), is the capital of the States of Germany, German state of the Bremen (state), Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (), a two-city-state consisting of the c ...

) * Imbonatus, Carlus Josephus/Carlo Giuseppe Imbonati (d. 1696; Rome)

J

* Jacobs, Henry (1608–52; Oxford) * Janvier, Renatus Ambros. (1613–82; Paris) * Johannes Lucæ (1406; Italy) *

Franciscus Junius (the elder) Franciscus Junius the Elder (born François du Jon, 1 May 1545 – 23 October 1602) was a Reformed scholar, Protestant reformer and theologian. Born in Bourges in central France, he initially studied law, but later decided to study theology ...

* Justinianus, Augustin (1470–1531; "Episcopus Nebiensis")

K

* Keller, Gottl. Wilh. (17th century; Jena * Kennedy, Archibald Robert Stirling (1859–1938) * Kinghorn, Joseph (1766–1832; Norwich) * Kircher, Athanasius (Jesuit; 1602–80; Rome) * Knorr, Christian, Baron de Rosenroth (1636–89; Sulzbach) * Koccher, Herrm. Fried. (c. 1783; Jena) * König, Friedrich Eduard (1846; Reichenbach) * König, Sam. (1670–1750; Bern) * Köppen, Nic. (c. 1709; Greifswald) * Kosegarten, Johann Gottfried Ludwig (1792–1860;

Greifswald Greifswald (), officially the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald (, Low German: ''Griepswoold'') is the fourth-largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania after Rostock, Schwerin and Neubrandenburg. In 2021 it surpa ...

) * Krafft, Karl (c. 1839;

Ansbach Ansbach ( , ; ) is a city in the Germany, German state of Bavaria. It is the capital of the Regierungsbezirk, administrative region of Mittelfranken, Middle Franconia. Ansbach is southwest of Nuremberg and north of Munich, on the river Fränk ...

) * Kraut, Paul (c. 1703;

Lund Lund (, ;"Lund"
(US) and ) is a city in the provinces of Sweden, province of Scania, southern Swed ...

) * Kyber, David (16th century; Strasburg?)

L

* Lagarde, Paul de (1827–91; Göttingen) * Lakemacher, Johann Gottfried (1695,

Osterwieck Osterwieck () is a historic town in the Harz (district), Harz district, in the Germany, German state of Saxony-Anhalt. Geography The municipal area stretches along the river Ilse (Oker), Ilse, north of Wernigerode and the Harz mountain range. The ...

- 1736, Helmstädt) * Lange, Jo. Joachim (1670–1744; Halle) * Lange, W. (c. 1710) * Langens, Henr. (c. 1720; Dutch Republic) * Lederlin, Johann Heinrich (1672–1737; Strasburg) * Lehmann, Ge. Heinrich (1619–99; Leipsic) * Lehmann, Maria Barbara (c. 1700; Schnekengrün) * Leib, Chilian (Prior; 1471–1548; Rebdorf) * Le Long, Jac. (1665–1721; Paris) * Lenz, Jo. Leonh. (c. 1700; Germany) * Lepusculus, Sebastian (c. 1516; Germany) * Leusden, Johann (1624–99; Utrecht) * Leydecker, Melchior (1642–1722;

Utrecht Utrecht ( ; ; ) is the List of cities in the Netherlands by province, fourth-largest city of the Netherlands, as well as the capital and the most populous city of the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of Utrecht (province), Utrecht. The ...

, put on ''

Index Librorum Prohibitorum The (English: ''Index of Forbidden Books'') was a changing list of publications deemed heretical or contrary to morality by the Sacred Congregation of the Index (a former dicastery of the Roman Curia); Catholics were forbidden to print or re ...

'' by the Catholic Church) * Lightfoot, John (1602–75; Ely) * Lipomanni, Marco (c. 1440; Venice) * Losa, Isabella (d. 1564; Cordova) * Loscan, Joh. Frid. (c. 1710; Germany) * Losius, Johann Justus, (1685-approximately 1737; Germany) * Lowe, W. H. (William Henry), (1848–1917; Cambridge) * Ludolf, Susanna Magdalena (c. 1700; Frankfort-on-the-Main) * Ludwig, Christ. L. (b. 1663,

Landshut Landshut (; ) is a town in Bavaria, Germany, on the banks of the Isar, River Isar. Landshut is the capital of Lower Bavaria, one of the seven administrative regions of the Free state (government), Free State of Bavaria, and the seat of the surrou ...

; d. 1732) * Lund, Dan. (b. 1666, Fogdoë; d. 1746, Strengnäs)

M

* McCaul, Alexander (b. 1799,

Dublin Dublin is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. Situated on Dublin Bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, and is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, pa ...

; d. 1863, London) * Mai, Joh. Hen. (1688–1732;

Giessen Giessen, spelled in German (), is a town in the Germany, German States of Germany, state () of Hesse, capital of both the Giessen (district), district of Giessen and the Giessen (region), administrative region of Giessen. The population is appro ...

) * Malamina, Cæsar (c. 1774; Florence) * Manfred (?), King (d. 1266; Germany) * Mannetti, Giannozzo (b. 1396, Florence; d. 1459, Naples) * Maria Eleonore (wife of Ludwig Philipp of Pfalz; c. 1669) * Maria Elizabeth (daughter of Duke Christian Albrecht; c. 1706;

Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein (; ; ; ; ; occasionally in English ''Sleswick-Holsatia'') is the Northern Germany, northernmost of the 16 states of Germany, comprising most of the historical Duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of S ...

) * Marchina, Martha (d. 1646;

Naples Naples ( ; ; ) is the Regions of Italy, regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 908,082 within the city's administrative limits as of 2025, while its Metropolitan City of N ...

) * Margoliouth, David Samuel (1858–1940) Oxford) * Margoliouth, G. (living; London) * Margoliouth, Moses (b. 1820,

Suwałki Suwałki (; ; or סוּוואַלק) is a city in northeastern Poland with a population of 69,206 (2021). It is the capital of Suwałki County and one of the most important centers of commerce in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. A relatively young ci ...

; d. 1881, London) * Marini, Marco (b. 1541,

Brescia Brescia (, ; ; or ; ) is a city and (municipality) in the region of Lombardy, in Italy. It is situated at the foot of the Alps, a few kilometers from the lakes Lake Garda, Garda and Lake Iseo, Iseo. With a population of 199,949, it is the se ...

; d. 1594, Brescia) * Mathews, H. J (1844 - 1905, England) * Matthias Aquarius (c. 1581) * Matthias, Elias (Germany) * Meelführer, Rud. Martin (b. 1670,

Ansbach Ansbach ( , ; ) is a city in the Germany, German state of Bavaria. It is the capital of the Regierungsbezirk, administrative region of Mittelfranken, Middle Franconia. Ansbach is southwest of Nuremberg and north of Munich, on the river Fränk ...

; d. 1729) * Mercer, Jo. (d. 1570; Uzès) * Meyer, Jo. (c. 1693; Dutch Republic) * Michaelis, Johann David (1717–1791) * Michaelis, Johann Heinrich (1668–1738) * Midhorp, Joh. (c. 1562) * Mieg, Jo. Frid. (b. 1700, Marburg; d. 1788,

Heidelberg Heidelberg (; ; ) is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, fifth-largest city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, and with a population of about 163,000, of which roughly a quarter consists of studen ...

) * Mill, David (b. 1692,

Königsberg Königsberg (; ; ; ; ; ; , ) is the historic Germany, German and Prussian name of the city now called Kaliningrad, Russia. The city was founded in 1255 on the site of the small Old Prussians, Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teuton ...

; d. 1756, Utrecht) * Millard, Alan * Molinaea, Maria (17th century) * Molitor, Christoph. (c. 1659; Altdorf) * Molza-Porrino, Tarquinia (d. 1600;

Modena Modena (, ; ; ; ; ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena, in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. It has 184,739 inhabitants as of 2025. A town, and seat of an archbis ...

) *

Bernard de Montfaucon Dom Bernard de Montfaucon, O.S.B. (; 13 January 1655 – 21 December 1741) was a French Benedictine monk of the Congregation of Saint Maur. He was an astute scholar who founded the discipline of palaeography, as well as being an editor of w ...

(b. 1655, Soulange; d. 1741, Paris) * Moré, Eugène (c. 1837; France) * More, Henry (b. 1614, Grantham; d. 1687, Cambridge) * Morin, Etienne (b. 1625,

Caen Caen (; ; ) is a Communes of France, commune inland from the northwestern coast of France. It is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Calvados (department), Calvados. The city proper has 105,512 inha ...

; d. 1700, Amsterdam) * Morin, Jean (b. 1591,

Blois Blois ( ; ) is a commune and the capital city of Loir-et-Cher Departments of France, department, in Centre-Val de Loire, France, on the banks of the lower Loire river between Orléans and Tours. With 45,898 inhabitants by 2019, Blois is the mos ...

; d. 1659, Paris) * Muhl, Henr. (b. 1666,

Bremen Bremen (Low German also: ''Breem'' or ''Bräm''), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (, ), is the capital of the States of Germany, German state of the Bremen (state), Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (), a two-city-state consisting of the c ...

; d. c. 1730, Kiel) * Muhl, Jos. (

Holstein Holstein (; ; ; ; ) is the region between the rivers Elbe and Eider (river), Eider. It is the southern half of Schleswig-Holstein, the northernmost States of Germany, state of Germany. Holstein once existed as the German County of Holstein (; 8 ...

) * Muis, Simon de (b. 1587,

Orléans Orléans (,"Orleans"
(US) and Münster, Sebastian (Minorite; b. 1489,

Ingelheim Ingelheim (), officially Ingelheim am Rhein (), is a town in the Mainz-Bingen Districts of Germany, district in the Rhineland-Palatinate state of Germany. The town sprawls along the Rhine's left bank. It has been Mainz-Bingen's district seat sin ...

; d. 1552, Basel) * Murner, Thomas (Minorite; b. 1475; d. 1537?) * Alexander Murray (b. 1775 Dunkitterick, Galloway; d. 1813 Edinburgh) * Myerlin, David Fr. (d. 1778; Frankfort-on-the-Main)

N

* Nagel, Jo. Andr. Mich. (1740–1788; Altdorf) * Neale, Thomas (1569-1569; Regius Professor of Hebrew: Oxford, England) * Nicholas Of Lyra (Nicolaus Lyranus) (c. 1270–1349; Paris) * Nigri (Schwartz), Peter (c. 1475; Cadana?) * Fr. Nork (1803–50; Germany ctually Fr. Korn">Fr._Korn.html" ;"title="ctually Fr. Korn">ctually Fr. Korn * Norrelius, Andr. (c. 1720; Upsala) * Novenianus, Phil. (?) (c. 1520; Hasfurtensis?)

O

* Odhelius, Laur. (d. 1691; Upsala) * Friedrich Opfergeld, Opfergeld, Friedrich (1668–1746; Breslau) * Opitius, Paul Friedr. (1684–1745; Kiel) * Osterbröck, Aaggaens. * Otho, Jo. Henr. (d. 1719; Lausanne) * Ouserl, Phil. (c. 1714; Frankfort-on-the Main) * Owmann, Mart. Jac. (c. 1705; Germany)

P

* Pagninus, Xanthus/?Santes Pagnini (b. 1470,

Lucca Città di Lucca ( ; ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain near the Ligurian Sea. The city has a population of about 89,000, while its Province of Lucca, province has a population of 383,9 ...

; d. 1536,

Lyon Lyon (Franco-Provençal: ''Liyon'') is a city in France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, Switzerland, north ...

) * Palmroot, Jo. (c. 1696; Upsala) * Pasinus, Jos. (b. 1687, Padua; d. 1770, Turin) * Pastritius, Jo * Paula, Cornelia (d. 408; Rome) *

Dom Pedro II ''Don (honorific), Dom'' PedroII (Pedro de Alcântara João Carlos Leopoldo Salvador Bibiano Francisco Xavier de Paula Leocádio Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga; 2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891), nicknamed the Magnanimous (), was the List o ...

(

Emperor of Brazil The monarchs of Brazil (Portuguese language, Portuguese: ''monarcas do Brasil'') were the imperial head of state, heads of state and hereditary rulers of Brazil from the House of Braganza that reigned from the creation of the Brazilian monarchy ...

; 1825–91) * Pellikan, Konrad (1478–1556; Zürich) * Peringer, Gustav (b. 1657; Upsala;

Stockholm Stockholm (; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, most populous city of Sweden, as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in the Nordic countries. Approximately ...

) * Peritz, Ismar J. (living;

Syracuse Syracuse most commonly refers to: * Syracuse, Sicily, Italy; in the province of Syracuse * Syracuse, New York, USA; in the Syracuse metropolitan area Syracuse may also refer to: Places * Syracuse railway station (disambiguation) Italy * Provi ...

, US) * Perreau, Pietro (Abbé; living, Parma) * Pertsch, W. H. F. (c. 1720; Jena) * Peter of St. Omer (1296; Paris) * Petit, Pietro Giov, de (d. 1740; Rome) * Petrus de Alexandrica ( Augustinian; 1342) * Petrus Montagnana (?) (1478; Italy) * Pfeiffer, August (b. 27 October 1640, Lauenburg an der Elbe; d. 11 January 1698,

Lübeck Lübeck (; or ; Latin: ), officially the Hanseatic League, Hanseatic City of Lübeck (), is a city in Northern Germany. With around 220,000 inhabitants, it is the second-largest city on the German Baltic Sea, Baltic coast and the second-larg ...

Cf
August Pfeiffer (Poet)
retrieved on 22 April 2010.) * Pico de la Mirandola (d. 1494; Italy) * Picques, L. (c. 1670; Paris) * Pistorius, Jo. Nidanus (b. 1544, Nidda; d. 1607,

Freiburg im Breisgau Freiburg im Breisgau or simply Freiburg is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, fourth-largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart, Mannheim and Karlsruhe. Its built-up area has a population of abou ...

) * Plantavitius, Johannes/Jean VI. Plantavit de la Pause (Bishop; 1625–48;

Lodève Lodève (; , ; ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Departments of France, department of Hérault, in the Regions of France, region of Occitania (administrative region), Occitania, southern France. It is a Subprefectures in France, subprefe ...

) * Plato of Tivoli (Plato Tiburtinus, 1116;

Barcelona Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...

) * Pontacus, Arnold (Bishop; d. 1605; Bazas) * Postel, Guillaume. (b. 1505. Delorie; d. 1581, Paris) * Prache, Hilaric (b. 1614, Teutschel; d. 1679, London) * Prideaux, Humphrey (Dean; b. 1648,

Padstow Padstow (; ) is a town, civil parishes in England, civil parish and fishing port on the north coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The town is situated on the west bank of the River Camel estuary, approximately northwest of Wadebridge, ...

; d. 1724,

Norwich Norwich () is a cathedral city and district of the county of Norfolk, England, of which it is the county town. It lies by the River Wensum, about north-east of London, north of Ipswich and east of Peterborough. The population of the Norwich ...

)

Q

* Quinquaboreus (Cinqarbre), Johannes (d. 1587; Paris)

R

* Rabe, Joh. Jac. (1710–98;

Ansbach Ansbach ( , ; ) is a city in the Germany, German state of Bavaria. It is the capital of the Regierungsbezirk, administrative region of Mittelfranken, Middle Franconia. Ansbach is southwest of Nuremberg and north of Munich, on the river Fränk ...

) * Rapheleng, Franc. (b. 1539; Lannoy) * Raymund Martin/Ramón Martí (Monk; c. 1286) * Raymund de Peñaforte ( Dominican; 1175–1275; Barcelona) * Reineccius, Chr. (b. 1668, Großmühlingen; d. 1752,

Weißenfels Weißenfels (; often written in English as Weissenfels) is the largest town of the Burgenlandkreis district, in southern Saxony-Anhalt, central Germany. It is situated on the river Saale, approximately south of Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Halle. His ...

) * Reiske, Johann Jakob (b. 1716,

Zörbig Zörbig () is a town in the district of Anhalt-Bitterfeld in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated approximately 15 km west of Bitterfeld, and 20 km northeast of Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Halle (Saale). Zörbig is well known for its molas ...

; d. 1774,

Leipzig Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...

) * Reland, Adrian (b. 1676, Ryp; d. 1718, Utrecht) * Rendtorf, Jo. (Hamburg) * Reuchlin, Johann (b. 1455,

Pforzheim Pforzheim () is a List of cities and towns in Germany, city of over 125,000 inhabitants in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, in the southwest of Germany. It is known for its jewelry and watch-making industry, and as such has gained the ...

; d. 1522,

Stuttgart Stuttgart (; ; Swabian German, Swabian: ; Alemannic German, Alemannic: ; Italian language, Italian: ; ) is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, largest city of the States of Germany, German state of ...

) * Rezzonius, Franc. (b. 1731,

Como Como (, ; , or ; ) is a city and (municipality) in Lombardy, Italy. It is the administrative capital of the Province of Como. Nestled at the southwestern branch of the picturesque Lake Como, the city is a renowned tourist destination, ce ...

; d. 1780) * Rhegius, Urbanus (c. 1535;

Celle Celle () is a town and capital of the district of Celle (district), Celle in Lower Saxony, in north-central Germany. The town is situated on the banks of the river Aller (Germany), Aller, a tributary of the Weser, and has a population of about ...

) * Rhenferdius, Jac. (b. 1654, Mühlheim; d. 1712,

Franeker Franeker (; ) is one of the eleven historical City rights in the Low Countries, cities of Friesland and capital of the municipality of Waadhoeke. It is located north of the Van Harinxmakanaal and about west of Leeuwarden. As of 2023, it had 13,0 ...

) * Ritmeier, Chr. Henr. (c. 1697) * Rivinius, Tileman Andreas (b. 1601, Halle; d. 1656,

Leipzig Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...

) * Robustellus, Jo. (1655; Rome) * Rohan, Anna, Princess of (c. 1634) * Rönnow, Magn. (d. 1690) * Rossi, Giovanni Bernardo de (1742–1831; Parma)

S

* Sebutia, Cæcilia (c. 1683; Rome) * Sigæa, Aloysa (wife of Alfonso du Guevas; d. 1569; Toledo) * Sacy, Isaac Silvestre de (1758–1838; Paris) * Salchli (?), Jo. Jac. (b. 1694, Eggwil; d. 1774, Bern) * Saracena, Ludovica (wife of Marcus Offredus; c. 1606; France) * Sartorius, Jo. (b. 1656, Eperies; d. 1729, Danzig) * Saubert, Jo. (1638–88; Helmstädt) * Scheidt, Balth. (1614–70; Strasburg) * Scherping, Jacob (c. 1737; Stockholm) * Scherzer, Jo. Adam (b. 1628, Eger; d. 1683, Leipzig) * Schickard, Wilhelm (b. 1592,

Herrenberg Herrenberg (; Swabian German, Swabian: ''Härrabärg'' or ''Haerebärg'') is a town in the middle of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about 30 km south of Stuttgart and 20 km from Tübingen. After Sindelfingen, Böblingen, and Leonberg, it ...

; d. 1635, Tübingen) * Schindler, Valentin (d. 1604; Wittenberg; Helmstädt) * Schmidt, Sebastian (c. 1656; Strasburg) * Schnelle, Sebald (1621–51;

Nuremberg Nuremberg (, ; ; in the local East Franconian dialect: ''Nämberch'' ) is the Franconia#Towns and cities, largest city in Franconia, the List of cities in Bavaria by population, second-largest city in the States of Germany, German state of Bav ...

) * Schoettgen, Jo. Christ. (1687–1751) * Scholl, J. C. F. (Tübingen) * Schotanus, Christ. (b. 1603, Scheng; d. 1671, Franeker) * Schramm, Jonas Conr. (c. 1700; Helmstädt) * Schreckenfuchs, Erasmus Oswald (1511–75; Tübingen) * Schroeder, Jo. Joachim (1680–1756; Marburg) * Schulten, Albert (1686–1750; Dutch Republic) * Schulten, Car. (c. 1725; Lund) * Schulten, Heinrich Albert (1749–93; Dutch Republic) * Schulten, Jo. Jac. (1716–78; Dutch Republic) * Schurman, Anna Maria van (1607–78; Altona) * Schwenter, Daniel (1585–1636; Nuremberg) * Scotus, Jo. Duns (d. 1308,

Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...

) * Sebastianus, Aug. Nouzanus (c. 1532; Marburg) * Seidel, Casp. (c. 1638; Hamburg) * Seiferheld, J. L. (18th century) * Seyfried, Christ. (c. 1664) * Seyfried, Henr. (c. 1663; Altdorf) * Sgambatus, Scipio (c. 1703; Italy) * Sheringham, Robert (b. 1602, Guestwick; d. 1678, Cambridge) * Siegfried, Carl (b. 1830,

Magdeburg Magdeburg (; ) is the Capital city, capital of the Germany, German States of Germany, state Saxony-Anhalt. The city is on the Elbe river. Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I, the first Holy Roman Emperor and founder of the Archbishopric of Mag ...

; d. Jena) * Smith, Thomas (b. 1638, London; d. 1710) * Sommer, Gottfr. Chris. (c. 1734; Gotha) * Sonneschmid, Jo. Just. (c. 1719; Jena?) * Spalding, G. L. (b. 1762, Barth; d. 1811, Friedrichsfelde) * Sprecher, Jo. Died. (c. 1703; Helmstädt) * Springer, Daniel (1656–1708; Breslau) * Staemmen, Christoph. van (c. 1661; Preza-Holsatus?) * Starke, Heinrich Benedict (b. 1672, Engelen; d. 1717, Leipsic) * Steinmetz, Joh. Andr. (b. 1689, Gr. Knicymtzd; d. 1762) * Strack, Herrmann L. (living; Berlin) * Stridzberg, Nic. H. (c. 1731; Lund) * Struvius, Jo. Jul. (c. 1697; Germany) * Stucki, Johann Wilhelm (b. 1542, Zurich; d. 1607, Zurich) * Surenhuys, Willem (d. 1729; Amsterdam) * Svetonio, Agost. (Italy)

T

* Tanfeld, Elisabeth (d. 1639; London) * Charles Taylor (Hebraist) * Francis Taylor (1589-1656) * Johannes Terentius, or Terrentius, ( Jean Schreck), Swiss Jesuit (b. 1580, Constance; d. 1630, China) * Theobald (?) (Subprior; 14th century; Paris) *

Immanuel Tremellius Immanuel Tremellius (; 1510 – 9 October 1580) was an Italian Jewish convert to Christianity. He was known as a leading Hebraist and Bible translator. Life He was born at Ferrara and educated at the University of Padua. He was converted about ...

(1510 – 9 October 1580) * Trigland, Jacobus (d. 1705; Leyden) * Tychsen, Oluf Gerhard (1734–1815; Rostock)

U

* Ulmann, Jo. (c. 1663; Strasburg) * (1492 - 1572, Germany) * Urbanus Henricus Rhegius ( Urbanus Rhegius) (c. 1535;

Celle Celle () is a town and capital of the district of Celle (district), Celle in Lower Saxony, in north-central Germany. The town is situated on the banks of the river Aller (Germany), Aller, a tributary of the Weser, and has a population of about ...

) * Ury, Jo. (1724–1796, Hungarian; d. Oxford) * Cnaeus Cornelius Uythage (c. 1680; Leyden)

V

* Bartolomè Valverde y Gandìa Bartholomaeus Valverdius (Spain) * Varen, Aug. (d. 1684; Rostock) * Vatablé/Watebled, François (d. 1547; Paris) * Vehe, Matthias (d.1590) * Vinding, Jo. Paul (c. 1633; Dutch Republic ?) * Voorst, Dick Cornelis van (b. 1751, Delft; d. 1833, Amsterdam) * Voss, Dionysius (b. 1612,

Dordrecht Dordrecht (), historically known in English as Dordt (still colloquially used in Dutch, ) or Dort, is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Western Netherlands, lo ...

; d. 1633, Amsterdam) * Voysin ( Vicinus), Jos. de (c. 1635; Paris)

W

* Wagenseil, Helena Sybilla (c. 1700; Altendorf) * Wagenseil, Johann Christoph (1635–1703; Altdorf) * Wakefield, Robert (d. 1537; Oxford) * Wallin, Georg (c. 1722; Holm) * Walper, Otto (Latin: Otho Gualtperius) (1543–1624;

Marburg Marburg (; ) is a college town, university town in the States of Germany, German federal state () of Hesse, capital of the Marburg-Biedenkopf Districts of Germany, district (). The town area spreads along the valley of the river Lahn and has ...

) * Walter, Jo. (c. 1710) * Walther, Christ. (c. 1705; Königsberg) * Warner, Levin (d. 1663; Dutch Republic) * Weiganmeier, Georg (1555–99; Tübingen) * John Wemyss (c. 1579–1636) * Wessel, Joh. (

John Wessel Goesport Wessel Harmensz Gansfort (1419 – 4 October 1489) was a theologian and early humanism, humanist of the northern Low Countries. Many variations of his last name are seen and he is sometimes incorrectly called Johan Wessel. Gansfort has been call ...

) (b. 1419, Groningen; d. 1489) * Widmannstetter, Johann Albrecht (b. 1500; d. 1559, Wellingen) * Wilkins, David (b. 1685; d. 1748, Hadleigh) * Winckler, Jo. Fried. (b. 1679, Wertheim; d. 1738, Germany) * Winer, Jo. Ge. Bened. (1789–1858; Leipsic) * Witter, Henr. Bernh. (c. 1703; Germany) * Witzel, Georg, (1501 - 1573, Germany) * Woeldicke, Marcus (1699–1750; Copenhagen) * Wolf (?), Georg (c. 1557; Grimma) * Wolf, Jo. Christoph. (1688–1739; Hamburg) * Wolf, Jo. W. (d. 1571; Gera) * Wolph (?), Jo. Hac. (Zürich) * Wotton, William (1666–1720; London) * Johann Wülfer (1651–1724; Nuremberg) * Wünsche, August (living; Dresden)

Z

* Zanolini, Antonio (1693–1762; Padua) * Andreas Christoph Zeller (c. 1711; Maulbronn) * Gustav Georg Zeltner (1672–1738; Altdorf)

References

Bibliography

{{JewishEncyclopedia, article=Christian Hebraist, author=

Richard Gottheil Richard James Horatio Gottheil (13 October 1862 – 22 May 1936) was an English American Semitic scholar, Zionist, founding father of Zeta Beta Tau fraternity, and one of the founders of the Jewish Institute of Religion in New York. Biograp ...

, url=http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?letter=H&artid=476 The bibliography of that article is below: *

Moritz Steinschneider Moritz Steinschneider (; 30 March 1816 – 24 January 1907) was a Moravian bibliographer and Orientalist, and an important figure in Jewish studies and Jewish history. He is credited as having invented the term ''antisemitism.'' Education Mo ...

, ''Christliche Hebraisten'', in Zeit. für Hebr. Bibl. i. 50 et seq.; * Gesenius, ''Gesch. der Hebr. Sprache'', passim, Leipsic, 1815; * Zunz, Z. G. pp. 1 et seq. (re-published in G. S. i. 41 et seq.); * L. Geiger, ''Studium der Hebraisch Sprache in Deutschland'', Breslau, 1870; * J. Perles, ''Beiträge zur Geschichte der Hebraisch und Aramaisch Studien'', pp. 154 et seq.; *

Meyer Kayserling Meyer Kayserling (also '' Meir'' or ''Moritz'', 17 June 1829 – 21 April 1905) was a German rabbi and historian. Life Kayserling was born in Gleidingen near Hanover, and was the brother of writer and educator Simon Kayserling. He was educ ...

, ''Les Hébraisants Chrétiens'', in R. E. J. xx. 264 et seq.; * Kaufmann, ''Die Vertretung der Jüden Wissenschaft an den Universitäten'', in ''Monatsschrift'', xxxix. 145 et seq.; * S. A. Hirsch, ''Early English Hebraists'', in J. Q. R. xii. 34 et seq.; * Kauffmann, Jacob Mantino, in R. E. J. xxvii. 30 et seq. (comp. J. Q. R. ix. 500); * E. Sachau, ''Orientalische Philologie, in Die Deutschen Universitäten'', p. 520, Berlin, 1893; * William Rosenau, ''Semitic Studies in American Colleges'', Chicago, 1896; *

Moritz Steinschneider Moritz Steinschneider (; 30 March 1816 – 24 January 1907) was a Moravian bibliographer and Orientalist, and an important figure in Jewish studies and Jewish history. He is credited as having invented the term ''antisemitism.'' Education Mo ...

, ''Hebr. Bibl.'' xx. 65 et seq.; * Kayserling, ''A Princess as Hebraist'', in J. Q. R. ix. 509.G.

External links

Christian Hebraists in the NetherlandsHebraic Aspects of the Renaissance: Sources and Encounters (Leiden, 2011)

"The Strange Career of the ''Biblia Rabbinica'' among Christian Hebraists, 1517–1620"
by Stephen Burnett (2012)
Philippe Bobichon, La polémique contre les juifs dans les travaux des hébraïsants chrétiens de France

* ttps://books.google.com/books?id=ZjY8AAAAcAAJ Online version of Walper's 1590 ''Grammatica linguae sanctae'' Hebraists Judeo-Christian topics Christianity and Judaism Converts to Christianity from Judaism

Antiquity

Middle Ages

Renaissance

17th century

18th century

Early 19th century

Late 19th century

List of Christian Hebraists

A

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F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

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See also

References

Bibliography

External links