This is a list of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes.

Continental Celts

Continental Celts were the Celtic peoples that inhabited mainland Europe and

Anatolia Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...

(also known as Asia Minor). In the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, Celts inhabited a large part of mainland Western Europe and large parts of Western Southern Europe (

Iberian Peninsula The Iberian Peninsula ( ), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe. Mostly separated from the rest of the European landmass by the Pyrenees, it includes the territories of peninsular Spain and Continental Portugal, comprisin ...

), southern Central Europe and some regions of the Balkans and Anatolia. They were most of the population in Gallia, today's

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...

, possibly

Belgica Gallia Belgica ("Belgic Gaul") was a Roman province, province of the Roman Empire located in the north-eastern part of Roman Gaul, in what is today primarily northern France, Belgium, and Luxembourg, along with parts of the Netherlands and German ...

– far Northern France,

Belgium Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeas ...

and far Southern Netherlands, large parts of

Hispania Hispania was the Ancient Rome, Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two Roman province, provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was divide ...

, i.e.

–

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

and

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...

, in the northern, central and western regions; southern

Central Europe Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern Europe, Eastern, Southern Europe, Southern, Western Europe, Western and Northern Europe, Northern Europe. Central Europe is known for its cultural diversity; however, countries in ...

– upper Danube basin and neighbouring regions, large parts of the middle Danube basin and the inland region of Central

Asia Minor Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean ...

. They lived in these many regions forming a large arc stretching across from

Iberia The Iberian Peninsula ( ), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe. Mostly separated from the rest of the European landmass by the Pyrenees, it includes the territories of peninsular Spain and Continental Portugal, compri ...

in the west to the

Balkans The Balkans ( , ), corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throug ...

and

in the east. Many of the populations from these regions were called

Celts The Celts ( , see Names of the Celts#Pronunciation, pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples ( ) were a collection of Indo-European languages, Indo-European peoples. "The Celts, an ancient Indo-European people, reached the apoge ...

by ancient authors. They are thought to have spoken

Gaulish Gaulish is an extinct Celtic languages, Celtic language spoken in parts of Continental Europe before and during the period of the Roman Empire. In the narrow sense, Gaulish was the language of the Celts of Gaul (now France, Luxembourg, Belgium, ...

(

P-Celtic The Gallo-Brittonic languages, also known as the P-Celtic languages, are a proposed subdivision of the Celtic languages containing the languages of Ancient Gaul (both ''Gallia Celtica, Celtica'' and ''Belgica'') and Celtic Britain, which share ce ...

type), Lepontic (

type), Hispano-Celtic ( Celtiberian and Western Hispano-Celtic or Gallaecian) (

Q-Celtic The Celtic languages ( ) are a branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, descended from the hypothetical Proto-Celtic language. The term "Celtic" was first used to describe this language group by Edward Lhuyd in 170 ...

type), Eastern Celtic or Noric (unknown type).

type languages are more innovative (*kʷ > p) while

type languages are more conservative. However, it is not fully known if this grouping of peoples, such as their languages, is a genealogical one (

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ...

), based on kinship, or if it is a simple geographically based group.

Classical Antiquity Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural History of Europe, European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD comprising the inter ...

authors did not describe the peoples and tribes of the

British Islands The British Islands is a term within the law of the United Kingdom which refers collectively to the following four polities: * the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; * the Bailiwick of Guernsey (including the jurisdictio ...

as “

” or “ Galli” but by the name “ Britons”. They only used the name “Celts” or “Galli” for the peoples and tribes of mainland Europe.Collis, John (2003). The Celts: Origins, Myths and Inventions. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. p. 180.

Eastern Celts

Source:Mallory, J.P.; Douglas Q. Adams (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. They lived in Southern

(in the Upper

Danube The Danube ( ; see also #Names and etymology, other names) is the List of rivers of Europe#Longest rivers, second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest sou ...

basin and neighbouring regions) which is hypothesized as the original area of the

( Proto-Celts), corresponding to the

Hallstatt Culture The Hallstatt culture was the predominant Western Europe, Western and Central European archaeological culture of the Late Bronze Age Europe, Bronze Age (Hallstatt A, Hallstatt B) from the 12th to 8th centuries BC and Early Iron Age Europe (Hallst ...

. Later they expanded towards the Middle Danube valley and to parts of the Balkans and towards inland central Asia Minor or Anatolia (Galatians).

Hercynian Forest The Hercynian Forest was an ancient and dense forest that stretched across Western Central Europe, from North French Scarplands, Northeastern France to the Carpathian Mountains, including most of Southern Germany, though its boundaries are a mat ...

('' Hercynia Silva''), north of the Danube and east of the Rhine was in their lands. Celts, especially those from Western and Central Europe, were generally called by the Romans “Galli” i.e. “Gauls”, this name was synonym of “

”, this also means that not all of the peoples and tribes called by the name “Gauls” (Galli) were specifically Gauls in a narrower more regional sense. Their language is scarcely attested and can not be classified as a P-Celtic or Q-Celtic. Some closely fit the concept of a tribe. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes. * Anartes/ Anartoi – Areas of modern

Slovakia Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the west, and the Czech Republic to the northwest. Slovakia's m ...

and modern Northern

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

, north of the river Tysia / Tibiscus ( Tisza). They lived in the eastern part of the Hercynia Silva (Hercynian Forest). Areas of modern central Slovakia and modern Northern Hungary, north of the river Tysia/Tibiscus (Tisza), north of the Teuriscii. They were later assimilated by Dacians. * Arabiates - areas of modern Western Hungary and eastern Austria, west of the river Danubius (Danube). * Belgites - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube). * Boii– a tribal confederation, originally from today's

Bohemia Bohemia ( ; ; ) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. In a narrow, geographic sense, it roughly encompasses the territories of present-day Czechia that fall within the Elbe River's drainage basin, but historic ...

(Western

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...

) that dwelt in the Hercynia Silva and dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe, to areas of modern

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

Austria Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine Federal states of Austria, states, of which the capital Vienna is the List of largest cities in Aust ...

and

Northern Italy Northern Italy (, , ) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of Italy. The Italian National Institute of Statistics defines the region as encompassing the four Northwest Italy, northwestern Regions of Italy, regions of Piedmo ...

. Another hypothesis is that they were a tribal confederation, originally from today's Southern France who migrated to Hercynia Silva under Segovesus, and dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe, to areas of modern

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

and

. **Boii tribes of unknown names in the Hercynia Silva - roughly in today's

** Boii (in

Cisalpine Gaul Cisalpine Gaul (, also called ''Gallia Citerior'' or ''Gallia Togata'') was the name given, especially during the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, to a region of land inhabited by Celts (Gauls), corresponding to what is now most of northern Italy. Afte ...

) – Central

Emilia-Romagna Emilia-Romagna (, , both , ; or ; ) is an Regions of Italy, administrative region of northern Italy, comprising the historical regions of Emilia (region), Emilia and Romagna. Its capital is Bologna. It has an area of , and a population of 4.4 m ...

(

Bologna Bologna ( , , ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy. It is the List of cities in Italy, seventh most populous city in Italy, with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nationalities. Its M ...

) and

Lodi, Lombardy Lodi ( , ; Western Lombard, Ludesan: ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in Lombardy, northern Italy, primarily on the western bank of the Adda River, Italy, River Adda. It is the capital of the province of Lodi. History Antiquity Lodi ...

. ** Boii (in

Transalpine Gaul Gallia Narbonensis (Latin for "Gaul of Narbonne", from its chief settlement) was a Roman province located in Occitania (administrative region) , Occitania and Provence, in Southern France. It was also known as Provincia Nostra ("Our Prov ...

) – Boui near Entrain - They were related to or a branch of the Boii. ** Boii Boiates / Boviates / Boiates – La Tête de Buch, probably around Arcachon Bay and northwest of Landes (departement), in the Pays de Buch and Pays de Born. Although they dwelt in Aquitania Proper, they seem to have been a Celtic tribe and not a tribe of the

Aquitani The Aquitani were a tribe that lived in the region between the Pyrenees, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Garonne, in present-day southwestern France in the 1st century BC. The Romans dubbed this region '' Gallia Aquitania''. Classical authors suc ...

(a people that may have been ancestor of the

Basques The Basques ( or ; ; ; ) are a Southwestern European ethnic group, characterised by the Basque language, a Basque culture, common culture and shared genetic ancestry to the ancient Vascones and Aquitanians. Basques are indigenous peoples, ...

). ** Boii (in

Pannonia Pannonia (, ) was a Roman province, province of the Roman Empire bounded on the north and east by the Danube, on the west by Noricum and upper Roman Italy, Italy, and on the southward by Dalmatia (Roman province), Dalmatia and upper Moesia. It ...

) -

, today's Western

(west of the

) and part of eastern

** Tulingi ( Tylangii?) – localization unclear, possibly Southern Germany, Switzerland, or Austria; an originally Boii Celtic tribe that migrated along the upper Danube and later allied with the Helvetii?; also, may have been a Germanic tribe. * Breuci * Carni –

Carnic Alps The Carnic Alps (; ; ; ) are a range of the Southern Limestone Alps in Austria and northeastern Italy. They are within Austrian East Tyrol and Carinthia, and Italian Friuli (Province of Udine) and marginally in Veneto. Etymology They are ...

, South Austria (

Carinthia Carinthia ( ; ; ) is the southernmost and least densely populated States of Austria, Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The Lake Wolayer is a mountain lake on the Carinthian side of the Carnic Main ...

/ Kärnten), Western

Slovenia Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a country in Central Europe. It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short (46.6 km) coastline within the Adriati ...

( Carniola/ Kranjska) and Northern

Friuli Friuli (; ; or ; ; ) is a historical region of northeast Italy. The region is marked by its separate regional and ethnic identity predominantly tied to the Friulians, who speak the Friulian language. It comprises the major part of the autono ...

/ Friûl ( Carnia/ Cjargna). A tribe related to the Carnutes? Also, may have been a Venetic tribe (the Veneti were a transitional people between

and

Italics In typography, italic type is a cursive font based on a stylised form of calligraphic handwriting. Along with blackletter and roman type, it served as one of the major typefaces in the history of Western typography. Owing to the influence f ...

or a Celticized Italic people). * Catubrini - In the

Alps The Alps () are some of the highest and most extensive mountain ranges in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): Monaco, France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria and Slovenia. ...

Southeastern slopes, close to Plavis (Piave) and near Bellunum (Belluno), to the Southwest of the Carni. They came from Central Europe and not from

Gaul Gaul () was a region of Western Europe first clearly described by the Roman people, Romans, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and parts of Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, and Northern Italy. It covered an area of . Ac ...

( Gallia). (They were not Cisalpine Gaulish Celts). *

of Tylis / Tylisian Celts * Cornacates- areas of modern Western Hungary, west of river Danubius (Danube). * Cotini – areas of modern

, west of the Anartes, and areas of Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube), south of Lacus Pelsodis / Pelso (today's

Lake Balaton Lake Balaton () is a freshwater rift lake in the Transdanubian region of Hungary. It is the List of largest lakes of Europe, largest lake in Central Europe, and one of the region's foremost tourist destinations. The Zala River provides the larges ...

). * Eravisci / AravisciIon Grumeza, ''Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe'', , 2009, p. 51: "In a short time the Dacians imposed their conditions on the Anerati, Boii, Eravisci, Pannoni, Scordisci,"– areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube), Aquincum (modern

Budapest Budapest is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns of Hungary, most populous city of Hungary. It is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, tenth-largest city in the European Union by popul ...

) was in their territory. *Helvetii-Rauraci / Raurici **

Helvetii The Helvetii (, , Gaulish: *''Heluētī''), anglicized as Helvetians, were a Celtic tribe or tribal confederation occupying most of the Swiss plateau at the time of their contact with the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. According to Ju ...

– original dwellers of Agri Decumates region, in the western part of Hercynia Silva, to the east and north of the Rhine; later, possibly at the end of the 3rd century BC they expanded to the South and Southwest to land later called

Helvetia Helvetia () is a national personification of Switzerland, officially , the Swiss Confederation. The allegory is typically pictured in a flowing clothing, with a spear and a shield emblazoned with the Flag of Switzerland, Swiss flag, and commo ...

(modern day

). They were possibly more related to the Celtic populations of the upper Danube basin than to the Celts of Gaul. *** Decumates may have meant "Ten Cantons". La Tène, (tribal confederation of four tribes). *** Tigurini – Yverdon ***Tougeni ***Verbigeni ***Tribe of unknown name (

Proper?) ** Rauraci / Raurici – Kaiseraugst ( Augusta Raurica), a tribe closely related to the Helvetii. * Hercuniates / Hercuniatae - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube). * Latobici / LatoviciJ. J. Wilkes, ''The Illyrians'', 1992, , p. 81: "In Roman Pannonia the Latobici and Varciani who dwelt east of the Venetic Catari in the upper Sava valley were Celtic but the Colapiani of ..." - not the same tribe as the Latobrigi but they could have been related, they dwelt in areas of modern Slovenia and Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube). * Latobrigi - uncertain location, maybe to the north or northeast of the

in the upper

( Danubius) and upper

Rhine The Rhine ( ) is one of the List of rivers of Europe, major rivers in Europe. The river begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps. It forms part of the Swiss-Liechtenstein border, then part of the Austria–Swit ...

river basins, original dwellers of Agri Decumates region, in the western part of Hercynia Silva. * ScordisciJ. J. Wilkes, ''The Illyrians'', 1992, , p. 140: "... Autariatae at the expense of the Triballi until, as Strabo remarks, they in their turn were overcome by the Celtic Scordisci in the early third century" - areas of modern

Serbia , image_flag = Flag of Serbia.svg , national_motto = , image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg , national_anthem = () , image_map = , map_caption = Location of Serbia (gree ...

Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...

, Austria,

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

, west of the river Danubius (Danube). According to Livy, they were related to the

Bastarnae The Bastarnae, Bastarni or Basternae, also known as the Peuci or Peucini, were an ancient people who are known from Greek and Roman records to have inhabited areas north and east of the Carpathian Mountains between about 300 BC and about 300 AD, ...

. ** Celegeri / CelengeriJ. J. Wilkes, ''The Illyrians'', 1992, , p. 217. ** Dindari or ''Dindarii'' ( Greek ''Δινδάριοι''), a tribe that was a branch of the Scordisci. * Serdi - in Serdica region (today's Sofiya,

Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...

's Capital) * Serrapilli / Serapilli - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube). * Serretes - areas of modern Western Hungary, west of the river Danubius (Danube). * Tricornenses (a later formation tribe) * Norici / Taurisci / Varisci - a tribal confederation **Alauni - in the middle Aenus river basin (Inn), east of the Aenus in the

Eastern Alps The Eastern Alps are usually defined as the area east of a line from Lake Constance and the Alpine Rhine valley, up to the Splügen Pass at the Main chain of the Alps, Alpine divide, and down the Liro (Como), Liro River to Lake Como in the south. ...

Chiemsee Chiemsee () is a freshwater lake in Bavaria, Germany, near Rosenheim. It is often called "the Bavarian Sea". The rivers Tiroler Achen and Prien (river), Prien flow into the lake from the south, and the river Alz flows out towards the north. The ...

and Attersee lakes region. ** Ambidravi / Ambidrani - in the upper and middle Dravus (Drau/Drava) river basin in the

and also in the Mur/Mura river basin, today's

and

Styria Styria ( ; ; ; ) is an Austrian Federal states of Austria, state in the southeast of the country. With an area of approximately , Styria is Austria's second largest state, after Lower Austria. It is bordered to the south by Slovenia, and cloc ...

, Austria. ** Ambilici - in the Dravus (Drau/Drava) river basin, east of the Ambidravi/Ambidrani (today's Southeast Austria and Northeast

). ** Ambisontes / Ambisontii - in the Alpes Noricae ( East Central Alps), in the upper Salzach river basin. ** Norici ( Narisci) / Nori - may have been a tribe of the larger Taurisci tribal federation; in the

and in the Mur/Mura and Schwarza rivers basins and other areas, today's

and

Lower Austria Lower Austria ( , , abbreviated LA or NÖ) is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Major cities are Amstetten, Lower Austria, Amstetten, Krems an der Donau, Wiener Neustadt and Sankt Pölten, which ...

(Austria) south of the Danubius (Danube), also may have been a Germanic tribe. **Sevaces - in the low Aenus river basin (Inn), east of the Aenus and south of the Danubius (Danube), roughly in today's

Upper Austria Upper Austria ( ; ; ) is one of the nine States of Austria, states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg (state), Salzbur ...

. ** Teuriscii - A branch of the Celtic Taurisci (originally from

Noricum Noricum () is the Latin name for the kingdom or federation of tribes that included most of modern Austria and part of Slovenia. In the first century AD, it became a province of the Roman Empire. Its borders were the Danube to the north, R ...

) in the Tysia/Tibiscus (Tisza) river basin south of the Anartes/ Anartii/ Anartoi. Celts assimilated by DaciansIoana A. Oltean, ''Dacia: Landscape, Colonization and Romanization'', , 2007, p. 47. * Varciani– areas of modern

. * Vindelici – a tribal confederation, areas of modern Southern Germany (

Bavaria Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a States of Germany, state in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the list of German states by area, largest German state by land area, comprising approximately 1/5 of the total l ...

and

Baden-Württemberg Baden-Württemberg ( ; ), commonly shortened to BW or BaWü, is a states of Germany, German state () in Southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the southern part of Germany's western border with France. With more than 11.07 million i ...

), in the upper Danube basin. May have been a confederation of mixed Celtic and Germanic tribes. ** Brigantii – in the Lacus Brigantinus (Lake Constance) area, Brigantia (

Bregenz Bregenz (; ) is the capital of Vorarlberg, the westernmost states of Austria, state of Austria. The city lies on the east and southeast shores of Lake Constance, the third-largest freshwater lake in Central Europe, between Switzerland in the wes ...

) was the main centre, in the border areas of modern Germany, Austria and Switzerland, north of the Vennonetes/ Vennones/Vennonienses. ** Catenates - South of the Danubius (Danube), in the low Licus (Lech) river area, Augusta Vindelicorum region (today's

Augsburg Augsburg ( , ; ; ) is a city in the Bavaria, Bavarian part of Swabia, Germany, around west of the Bavarian capital Munich. It is a College town, university town and the regional seat of the Swabia (administrative region), Swabia with a well ...

), north of the Licates. **Consuanetae / Cosuanetes / Cotuantii - Upper and middle valley of fl.

Isar The Isar () is a river in Austria and in Bavaria, Germany. Its source is in the Karwendel mountain range of the Alps. The Isar river enters Germany near Mittenwald and flows through Krün, Wallgau, Bad Tölz, Munich, and Landshut before reaching ...

us (r. Isar) ( Bavarian Alps) in today's Upper Bavaria, Germany. **Estiones - South of the Danubius (Danube), in the Ilargus (Roth) and Riss rivers area, including today's Ulm area (between modern

and

), Cambodunum (today's Kempten) was one of their towns. **Leuni - in the

us (Isar) and Ammer (Amper) river areas,

Munich Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...

area,

. ** Licates -in the Licus (Lech) river valley, south of the Catenates. ** Rucinates / Rucantii - Between rivers

us (Isar) and Danuvius (Danube), Low Bavaria. ** Vennones / Vennonienses / Vennonetes - Upper valley of fl. Rhenus (r. Rhine) in today's canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland, south of the Brigantii. **Vindelici Proper – a tribe to the north of the Upper Danube. * Volcae - a tribal confederation, originally from today's

Moravia Moravia ( ; ) is a historical region in the eastern Czech Republic, roughly encompassing its territory within the Danube River's drainage basin. It is one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The medieval and early ...

(Eastern

), Central and Upper Danube basin (Slovakia, Austria, Southern Germany), also in Main river basin, to the west of the Boii. They dwelt in Hercynia Silva, north of the Danuvius (Danube) but dispersed through migrations to other regions of Europe (Southern

) and

( Galatia). **Volcae tribes of unknown names in Hercynia Silva - roughly in today's

and Main river basin. ** Volcae Arecomici / Volcae Arecomisci – in southern Gaul, in the Mediterranean coast of today's Languedoc. ** Volcae Tectosages (in Southern

and also in Galatia, Central

, one of the main tribes that formed the Galatians) *Possible Volcae tribes **Volciani – may have been a tribe related to the Volcae and not to the Hispano-Celts / Iberian Celts (i.e., the

of the

). Located north of the river

Iberus ''Iberus'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Helicinae of the family Helicidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Iberus Montfort, 1810. Accessed through: ...

(Ebro), but not very precisely.

Galatians

Asia Minor in the Greco-Roman period - general map - regions and main settlements

In the middle 3rd century BC,

from the middle Danube valley, immigrated from

Thrace Thrace (, ; ; ; ) is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe roughly corresponding to the province of Thrace in the Roman Empire. Bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south, and the Black Se ...

into the highlands of central

(modern

Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...

), which was called Galatia after that. These people, called Galatians, a generic name for “Celts”, were eventually Hellenized, but retained many of their own traditions. They spoke Galatian, a name derived from the generic name for “Celts”. Some closely fit the concept of a

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes. * Aigosages, between

Troy Troy (/; ; ) or Ilion (; ) was an ancient city located in present-day Hisarlik, Turkey. It is best known as the setting for the Greek mythology, Greek myth of the Trojan War. The archaeological site is open to the public as a tourist destina ...

and

Cyzicus Cyzicus ( ; ; ) was an ancient Greek town in Mysia in Anatolia in the current Balıkesir Province of Turkey. It was located on the shoreward side of the present Kapıdağ Peninsula (the classical Arctonnesus), a tombolo which is said to have or ...

* Daguteni, in modern Marmara region around Orhaneli * Inovanteni, east of the Trocnades * Okondiani, between

Phrygia In classical antiquity, Phrygia ( ; , ''Phrygía'') was a kingdom in the west-central part of Anatolia, in what is now Asian Turkey, centered on the Sangarios River. Stories of the heroic age of Greek mythology tell of several legendary Ph ...

and Galatia northeast of modern Akşehir Gölü * Rigosages, unlocated * Trocnades, in

around modern Sivrihisar *Unknown tribe (Territory of Gaezatorix, a Celtic Chieftain), between Bithynia and Galatia at modern Bolu * Core Galatians ** Tectosages,Prifysgol Cymru, University of Wales, ''A Detailed Map of Celtic Settlements in Galatia, Celtic Names and La Tène Material in Anatolia, the Eastern Balkans, and the Pontic Steppes.'' in Galatia ** Tolistobogii, in Galatia ** Trocmii, in Galatia (easternmost known Celtic tribe)

Gauls The Gauls (; , ''Galátai'') were a group of Celts, Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age Europe, Iron Age and the Roman Gaul, Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). Th ...
( Galli or Celtae)

Gauls The Gauls (; , ''Galátai'') were a group of Celts, Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age Europe, Iron Age and the Roman Gaul, Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). Th ...

were the Celtic people that lived in

having many tribes but with some influential tribal confederations. '' Galli'' (

), for the Romans, was a name synonym of “Celts” (as

Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in Caesar's civil wa ...

states in '' De Bello Gallico''Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres, quarum unam incolunt Belgae, aliam Aquitani, tertiam qui ipsorum lingua Celtae, nostra Galli appellantur.

, Commentarii de Bello Gallico, Book I, chapter 1) which means that not all peoples and tribes called “Galli” were necessarily

in a narrower regional sense. Gaulish Celts spoke

, a Continental Celtic language of the P Celtic type, a more

innovative Innovation is the practical implementation of ideas that result in the introduction of new goods or services or improvement in offering goods or services. ISO TC 279 in the standard ISO 56000:2020 defines innovation as "a new or changed ent ...

Celtic language - *kʷ > p. Romans initially organized Gaul in two provinces (later in three):

, meaning literally "Gaul on the other side of the Alps" or "Gaul across the Alps", is approximately modern

Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...

, and Western Germany in what would become the Roman provinces of Gallia Narbonensis, Gallia Celtica (later Lugdunensis and Aquitania) and Gallia Belgica. Some closely fit the concept of a

. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes. * Abrincatui - in Aremorica or Armorica * Aedui / Haedui - Gaulish Celts largest tribal confederation, roughly in the geographical centre of Gaul and controlling important land, river, and trade routes ** Aedui / Haedui proper - Bibracte ** Ambivareti ** Parisii (Gaul) -

Lutetia Lutetia, ( , ; ) also known as and ( ; ; ), was a Gallo-Roman culture, Gallo–Roman town and the predecessor of modern-day Paris. Traces of an earlier Neolithic settlement () have been found nearby, and a larger settlement was established ...

, today's

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

, was their capital. A tribe of similar name, the Parisi, dwelt in East Yorkshire,

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

. **

Senones The Senones or Senonii (Gaulish: "the ancient ones") were an ancient Gallic tribe dwelling in the Seine basin, around present-day Sens, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Part of the Senones settled in the Italian peninsula, where the ...

– Sens * Agenisates / Angesinates – Angoumois * Agnutes –

Vendée Vendée () is a department in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France, on the Atlantic coast. In 2019, it had a population of 685,442.Allobroges The Allobroges (Gaulish language, Gaulish: *''Allobrogis'', 'foreigner, exiled'; ) were a Gauls, Gallic people dwelling in a large territory between the Rhône river and the Alps during the Iron Age Europe, Iron Age and the Roman period. The Allob ...

/ Allobriges – Vienne, Southern Gaul * Ambarri (they were allies to the Aedui Confederation but not part of it) * Ambiliates / Ambilatres – Low Liger (Loire), in Aremorica or Armorica * Ambivarii / Ambibarii - in Aremorica or Armorica * Anagnutes * Andecamulenses * Andecavi/

Andes The Andes ( ), Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range (; ) are the List of longest mountain chains on Earth, longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range ...

–

Angers Angers (, , ;) is a city in western France, about southwest of Paris. It is the Prefectures of France, prefecture of the Maine-et-Loire department and was the capital of the province of Duchy of Anjou, Anjou until the French Revolution. The i ...

* Antobroges * Arverni – Gergovia (tribal confederation) ** Arverni proper **

Gabali The Gabali (Gaulish: *''Gabli'') were a Gauls, Gallic tribe dwelling in the later Gévaudan region during the La Tène culture, Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Gabalos'' or ''Gabalis'' by Julius Caesar, Caesar (mid-1 ...

* Armoricani / Aremoricii - in Aremorica or Armorica (Land "Before the Sea” or “Close to the Sea” - Are Morica) * Arvii * Atacini – Aussière * Atesui * Aulerci (tribal confederation) ** Aulerci Brannovices/ Brannovii/ Blannovii (a southern branch of the Aulerci but within the Aedui tribal confederation) ** Aulerci Cenomani / Gaul Cenomani –

Le Mans Le Mans (; ) is a Communes of France, city in Northwestern France on the Sarthe (river), Sarthe River where it meets the Huisne. Traditionally the capital of the Provinces of France, province of Maine (province), Maine, it is now the capital of ...

** Aulerci Diablintes ** Aulerci Eburovices ** Aulerci Sagii * Baiocasses / Boiocasses – Bayeux, in Aremorica or Armorica * Bebryces (Gauls) – in southern Gaul, south of the Volcae Arecomici, close to Narbo ( Narbonne) region. * Bipedimui / Pimpedunni *Bituriges ** Bituriges Cubi –

Bourges Bourges ( ; ; ''Borges'' in Berrichon) is a commune in central France on the river Yèvre (Cher), Yèvre. It is the capital of the Departments of France, department of Cher (department), Cher, and also was the capital city of the former provin ...

(an eastern branch of the Bituriges but within the Aedui tribal confederation) ** Bituriges Vivisci –

Bordeaux Bordeaux ( ; ; Gascon language, Gascon ; ) is a city on the river Garonne in the Gironde Departments of France, department, southwestern France. A port city, it is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the Prefectures in F ...

( Burdigala) * Cadurci – Cahors * Caeresi * Cambolectres * Carnutes – Autricum (

Chartres Chartres () is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Eure-et-Loir Departments of France, department in the Centre-Val de Loire Regions of France, region in France. It is located about southwest of Paris. At the 2019 census, there were 1 ...

), Cenabum / Genabum (

Orléans Orléans (,"Orleans"
(US) and Aremorica or Armorica * Chalbici – Chablais, in Southern Gaul, south of Lake Leman * Corisopiti * Curiosolitae / Coriosolites – Corseul, in Aremorica or Armorica * Edenates – in Southern Gaul * Eleuterii * Elycoces * Epomandui * Esuvii / Esubii / Sesuvii * Helvii / Elvi - Southern Gaul * Lemovices –

Limoges Limoges ( , , ; , locally ) is a city and Communes of France, commune, and the prefecture of the Haute-Vienne Departments of France, department in west-central France. It was the administrative capital of the former Limousin region. Situated o ...

* Lexovii – Lisieux, in Aremorica or Armorica * Lingones * Mandubii – Alesia (under Aedui Confederation influence but not part of it) * Medulli Meduci – Médoc, southwestern Gaul * Namnetes –

Nantes Nantes (, ; ; or ; ) is a city in the Loire-Atlantique department of France on the Loire, from the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast. The city is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, sixth largest in France, with a pop ...

, in Aremorica or Armorica * Nantuates / Nantuatae * Nitiobroges/ Nitiobriges * Osismii - Western end of

Brittany Brittany ( ) is a peninsula, historical country and cultural area in the north-west of modern France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica in Roman Gaul. It became an Kingdom of Brittany, independent kingdom and then a Duch ...

Peninsula, in Aremorica or Armorica * Petrocorii – Périgueux * Pictones/ Pictavi –

Poitiers Poitiers is a city on the river Clain in west-central France. It is a commune in France, commune, the capital of the Vienne (department), Vienne department and the historical center of Poitou, Poitou Province. In 2021, it had a population of 9 ...

* Redones –

Rennes Rennes (; ; Gallo language, Gallo: ''Resnn''; ) is a city in the east of Brittany in Northwestern France at the confluence of the rivers Ille and Vilaine. Rennes is the prefecture of the Brittany (administrative region), Brittany Regions of F ...

, in Aremorica or Armorica * Ruteni – Rodez * Santones – Saintes * Seduni – High

Rhône The Rhône ( , ; Occitan language, Occitan: ''Ròse''; Franco-Provençal, Arpitan: ''Rôno'') is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and Southeastern France before dischargi ...

river valley, Sion (Middle

Valais Valais ( , ; ), more formally, the Canton of Valais or Wallis, is one of the cantons of Switzerland, 26 cantons forming the Switzerland, Swiss Confederation. It is composed of thirteen districts and its capital and largest city is Sion, Switzer ...

, Switzerland) * Segusiavi / Segobriges -

Lugdunum Lugdunum (also spelled Lugudunum, ; modern Lyon, France) was an important Colonia (Roman), Roman city in Gaul, established on the current site of Lyon, France, Lyon. The Roman city was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus, but cont ...

(

Lyon Lyon (Franco-Provençal: ''Liyon'') is a city in France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, Switzerland, north ...

), that was to be capital of Gallia Lugdunensis, was in their land (they were allies to the Aedui Confederation but not part of it). * Segovellauni / Segovi – in Southern Gaul * Sequani –

Besançon Besançon (, ; , ; archaic ; ) is the capital of the Departments of France, department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. The city is located in Eastern France, close to the Jura Mountains and the border with Switzerland. Capi ...

* Tornates / Turnates * Tricasses / Tricassini * Triviatii * Trones * Turones / Turoni –

Tours Tours ( ; ) is the largest city in the region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Indre-et-Loire. The Communes of France, commune of Tours had 136,463 inhabita ...

* Uberi / Viberi – High

river valley, Upper

* Vellavi / Velaunii – Ruessium ** Veragri - High

river valley, Lower

** Veroduni * Venelli / Unelli – Coutances, Cotentin Peninsula, in today's Western

Normandy Normandy (; or ) is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy. Normandy comprises Normandy (administrative region), mainland Normandy (a part of France) and insular N ...

region, in Aremorica or Armorica * Veneti –

Vannes Vannes (; , , ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Departments of France, French department of Morbihan, Brittany (administrative region), Brittany, northwestern mainland France. It was founded over 2,000 years ago. History Celtic ...

, in Aremorica or Armorica * Viducasses / Vadicasses / Vadicassii – Vieux, in Aremorica or Armorica *Mix of several Gaulish tribes ** Gaesatae – Numbering c. 30,000, they participated in the battle of Telamon a group of mercenary Celtic warriors from several tribes of the western Alps slopes, not a tribe. *Possible Gaulish tribes ** Galli (tribe) – along Gallicus ( Gállego) river banks, see place names (toponyms) like Forum Gallorum, Gallur, a different tribe from the Suessetani; may have been a tribe related to the Galli (

) and not to the Hispano-Celts / Iberian Celts. Some Gaulish tribes may have migrated southward and crossed the Pyrenees (by the north, the central, or the south areas of the mountains) in a second or a third Celtic wave to the

. These tribes were different from the Hispano-Celtic / Iberian Celtic tribes. ** Garumni – along the banks of the high Garumna (Garonne), southwest of the Volcae Tectosages, and in and around Lugdunum Convenarum, among the Convenae. Although they dwelt in Aquitania Proper, they seem to have been a Celtic tribe and not a tribe of the

(a people that may have been the ancestor of the

Cisalpine Gauls

* Cisalpine Gauls ( Celtae / Galli Cisalpini) - They lived in Cisalpine Gaul, most of today's northern Italy. Multiple waves of population movements from France. They spoke

Cisalpine Gaulish The Celtic Cisalpine Gaulish inscriptions are frequently combined with the Lepontic inscriptions under the term ''Celtic language remains in northern Italy''. While it is possible that the Lepontii were autochthonous to Northern Italy since th ...

(a Continental Celtic language of the P Celtic type) closely related to

or Gallic. They lived in Cisalpine Gaul (''Gallia Cisalpina''), also called ''Gallia Citerior'' or ''Gallia Togata'', was the part of Italy continually inhabited by

since the 13th century BC. Conquered by the

Roman Republic The Roman Republic ( ) was the era of Ancient Rome, classical Roman civilisation beginning with Overthrow of the Roman monarchy, the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establis ...

in the 220s BC, it was a

Roman province The Roman provinces (, pl. ) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as Roman g ...

from c. 81 BC until 42 BC, when it was merged into

Roman Italy Roman Italy is the period of ancient Italian history going from the founding of Rome, founding and Roman expansion in Italy, rise of ancient Rome, Rome to the decline and fall of the Western Roman Empire; the Latin name of the Italian peninsula ...

. Until that time, it was considered part of

, precisely that part of Gaul on the "hither side of the

" (from the perspective of the Romans), as opposed to

("on the far side of the Alps"). **Seven Gaulish tribes that according to

Livy Titus Livius (; 59 BC – AD 17), known in English as Livy ( ), was a Roman historian. He wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people, titled , covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome before the traditional founding i ...

settled in Cisalpine Gaul around 600 BC. Led by Bellovesus, they defeated the Etruscans at the

Ticino Ticino ( ), sometimes Tessin (), officially the Republic and Canton of Ticino or less formally the Canton of Ticino, is one of the Canton of Switzerland, 26 cantons forming the Switzerland, Swiss Confederation. It is composed of eight districts ...

, settled in Insubria and founded the city of

Mediolanum Mediolanum, the ancient city where Milan now stands, was originally an Insubres, Insubrian city, but afterwards became an important Ancient Rome, Roman city in Northern Italy. The city was settled by a Celts, Celtic tribe belonging to the Ins ...

, the modern

Milan Milan ( , , ; ) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, the largest city in Italy by urban area and the List of cities in Italy, second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of nea ...

. They were ancestors of Cisalpine Gauls. *** Aedui (many Insubres descended from them) *** Ambarri *** Arverni *** Aulerci (many Cisalpine Gaul Cenomani descended from them) *** Bituriges *** Carnutes *** Salyes or Salluvii (Celto-Ligurians) ** Anani – Western Emilia,

Po Valley The Po Valley, Po Plain, Plain of the Po, or Padan Plain (, , or ) is a major geographical feature of northern Italy. It extends approximately in an east-west direction, with an area of including its Venetian Plain, Venetic extension not actu ...

, ( Fidentia, Province of Piacenza) ** Anamares – Minor tribe whose precise location along the southern bank of the river Padus in Italy is uncertain ** Anares – Middle

, Placentia (

Piacenza Piacenza (; ; ) is a city and (municipality) in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy, and the capital of the province of Piacenza, eponymous province. As of 2022, Piacenza is the ninth largest city in the region by population, with more ...

, Province of Piacenza) ** Cenomani (Cisalpine Gaul) – Eastern

Lombardy The Lombardy Region (; ) is an administrative regions of Italy, region of Italy that covers ; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population. Lombardy is ...

( Brixia,

Cremona Cremona ( , , ; ; ) is a city and (municipality) in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po (river), Po river in the middle of the Po Valley. It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local city a ...

). Related to or a branch of the Cenomani ( Aulerci Cenomani) that lived in Transalpine

( Gallia Transalpina). ** Insubres – Western

(

). Said by Pliny to descend from the Aedui. ** Lingones – North-eastern

(

Ferrara Ferrara (; ; ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, capital of the province of Ferrara. it had 132,009 inhabitants. It is situated northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main ...

. Related to or a branch of the Lingones that lived in

( Gallia). **

– South-eastern

(

Rimini Rimini ( , ; or ; ) is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy. Sprawling along the Adriatic Sea, Rimini is situated at a strategically-important north-south passage along the coast at the southern tip of the Po Valley. It is ...

) and Northern

Marche Marche ( ; ), in English sometimes referred to as the Marches ( ) from the Italian name of the region (Le Marche), is one of the Regions of Italy, twenty regions of Italy. The region is located in the Central Italy, central area of the country, ...

(

Senigallia Senigallia (or Sinigaglia in Old Italian; ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) and port town on Italy's Adriatic Sea, Adriatic coast. It is situated in the province of Ancona, in the Italian region of Marche, and lies approximately 30 kilometres nor ...

). Related to or a branch of the

that lived in

( Gallia).

Lepontine Celts

They seem to have been an older group of

that lived in

before the Gaulish Celtic migration. They spoke Lepontic (a Continental Celtic language) a Celtic language that seems to precede

. * Lepontii / Lepontii / Leipontii / Lepontes – Valle Leventina and Val d'Ossola in today's Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, Piemonte, North-eastern

Piedmont Piedmont ( ; ; ) is one of the 20 regions of Italy, located in the northwest Italy, Northwest of the country. It borders the Liguria region to the south, the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions to the east, and the Aosta Valley region to the ...

, far Northwestern

, and Switzerland in the Lepontine Alps. They were not Gaulish Celts *

Orobii The Orobii (also Orobi, Oromobi or Orumbovii) were a Celto-Ligurian tribe dwelling around present-day Como and Bergamo during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Orobii'' by Cato the Elder (early 2nd century BC). The ethnic name ''Orob ...

or Orumbovii – Central

(

Bergamo Bergamo ( , ; ) is a city in the Alps, alpine Lombardy region of northern Italy, approximately northeast of Milan, and about from the alpine lakes Lake Como, Como and Lake Iseo, Iseo and 70 km (43 mi) from Lake Garda, Garda and Lake ...

)

Celto- Ligurians / Gallo- Ligurians

May have been Celtic tribes influenced by Ligurians, heavily Celticized Ligurian tribes that shifted to a Celtic ethnolinguistic identity or mixed Celtic- Ligurian tribes. They dwelt in southeastern

and northwestern

, mainly in the Western Alps regions, Rhodanus eastern basin and upper Po river basin. * Acitavones * Adenates / Adanates – slopes of the Western Alps (Maurienne-Modanne), Southern Gaul * Adunicates – Andon área, Southern Gaul * Albici – Middle and Lower Durance river valley, Southern Gaul (tribal confederation) ** Albienses / Albici Proper ** Vordenses ** Vulgientes * Anatili * Avantices (Avantici) * Avatices / Avatici – Camargue – Rhodanus river delta, south of the Volcae Arecomici, in Southern

* Belaci * Bodiontici – in Southern Gaul * Bormanni * Bramovices – Low Tarentaise,

Savoy Savoy (; )  is a cultural-historical region in the Western Alps. Situated on the cultural boundary between Occitania and Piedmont, the area extends from Lake Geneva in the north to the Dauphiné in the south and west and to the Aosta Vall ...

, Southern Gaul * Briganii / Brigianii –

Briançon Briançon (, ) is the sole Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Hautes-Alpes Departments of France, department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region in Southeastern France. It is the highest city in France at an a ...

, High Durance river valley, Southern Gaul * Caburri * Camatulici * Casmonates / Cosmonates (in the area of Castellazzo Bormida) * Caturiges – Chorges, High Durance river valley, in Southern Gaul * Cavares/ Cavari – North of Low Durance, Arausio ( Orange), in Southern Gaul (tribal confederation) ** Cavares Proper ** Meminii / Menimii * Ceutrones / Centrones – Moûtiers, in the western Alps slopes, Southern Gaul * Coenicenses * Dexivates * Esubiani – Ubaye Valley, Southern Gaul * Euburiates * Gabieni * Glanici * Graioceli / Garocelli – Alps western slopes in part of eastern Savoy, and Alps eastern slopes, northwestern

in the Graian Alps * Iadatini * Iconii – Gap, in Southern Gaul * Irienses * Libii / Libici * Ligauni * Maielli * Medulli – upper valley of Maurienne, Southern Gaul * Naburni * Nearchi * Nemalones / Nemolani – in Southern Gaul * Nemeturii – High Var river valley, Southern Gaul *

- in the northern Italian Alpine valleys of

, Como and

Lecco Lecco (, , ; ) is a city of approximately 47,000 inhabitants in Lombardy, Northern Italy, north of Milan. It lies at the end of the south-eastern branch of Lake Como (the branch is named ''Branch of Lecco'' / ''Ramo di Lecco''). The Bergamasqu ...

* Quariates – in Southern Gaul * Reieni / Reii - in Southern Gaul * Salassi ( Gallo- Ligurian people) –

Aosta Valley The Aosta Valley ( ; ; ; or ), officially the Autonomous Region of Aosta Valley, is a mountainous Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous region in northwestern Italy. It is bordered by Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Fr ...

and Canavese (Northern

) ( Ivrea) * Salyes / Salluvii * Savincates * Sebagini * Segobriges * Segovi * Segusini - in Segusa (today's Susa, Piemonte) * Sentienes / Sentii – Senez, in Southern Gaul * Sigorii * Sogiontii * Suelteri / Sueltri * Suetrii * Taurini – parts of central

(

Turin Turin ( , ; ; , then ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The city is main ...

region) * Tebavii * Tricastini * Tricorii – in Southern Gaul * Tritolii * Ucenni * Veamini – in Southern Gaul * Vennavi * Vergunni – Vinon-sur-Verdon, Southern Gaul * Verucini * Vocontii / Transalpine Gaul Vertamocori – Vaison-la-Romaine, Southern Gaul (in modern

Provence Provence is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which stretches from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the France–Italy border, Italian border to the east; it is bordered by the Mediterrane ...

, on the east bank of the

and Vercors, southern Gaul. ** Vertamocorii – Eastern

( Novara). Said by Pliny to descend from the Vocontii.

Hispano-Celts / Celts of Hispania

They lived in large parts of the

, in the Northern, Central, and Western regions (half of the Peninsula's territory). The

in the

Iberian peninsula The Iberian Peninsula ( ), also known as Iberia, is a peninsula in south-western Europe. Mostly separated from the rest of the European landmass by the Pyrenees, it includes the territories of peninsular Spain and Continental Portugal, comprisin ...

were traditionally thought of as living on the edge of the Celtic world of the

La Tène culture The La Tène culture (; ) was a Iron Age Europe, European Iron Age culture. It developed and flourished during the late Iron Age (from about 450 BC to the Roman Republic, Roman conquest in the 1st century BC), succeeding the early Iron Age ...

that defined classical

Iron Age The Iron Age () is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age. It has also been considered as the final age of the three-age division starting with prehistory (before recorded history) and progre ...

Celts. Earlier migrations were Hallstatt in culture and later came La Tène influenced peoples. Celtic or (

Indo-European The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the northern Indian subcontinent, most of Europe, and the Iranian plateau with additional native branches found in regions such as Sri Lanka, the Maldives, parts of Central Asia (e. ...

) Pre-Celtic cultures and populations existed in great numbers and Iberia experienced one of the highest levels of Celtic settlement in all of Europe. They dwelt in northern, central and western regions of the

, but also in several southern regions. They spoke

Celtic languages The Celtic languages ( ) are a branch of the Indo-European language family, descended from the hypothetical Proto-Celtic language. The term "Celtic" was first used to describe this language group by Edward Lhuyd in 1707, following Paul-Yve ...

- Hispano-Celtic languages which were of the

type, more

conservative Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy and ideology that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civiliza ...

Celtic languages. Romans initially organized the Peninsula in two provinces (later in three):

Hispania Citerior Hispania Citerior (English: "Hither Iberia", or "Nearer Iberia") was a Roman province in Hispania during the Roman Republic. It was on the eastern coast of Iberia down to the town of Cartago Nova, today's Cartagena in the autonomous community of ...

("Nearer Hispania", "Hispania that is Closer", from the perspective of the Romans), was a region of

during the

, roughly occupying the northeastern coast and the

(Ebro) Valley and later the eastern, central, northern and northwestern areas of the

in what would become the Tarraconensis

(of what is now

and northern

Hispania Ulterior Hispania Ulterior (English: "Further Hispania", or occasionally "Thither Hispania") was a Roman province located in Hispania (on the Iberian Peninsula) during the Roman Republic, roughly located in Baetica and in the Guadalquivir valley of moder ...

("Further Hispania", "Hispania that is Beyond", from the perspective of the Romans) was a region of

during the

, roughly located in what would become the

provinces A province is an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman , which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term ''provi ...

Baetica Hispania Baetica, often abbreviated Baetica, was one of three Roman provinces created in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula) in 27 BC. Baetica was bordered to the west by Lusitania, and to the northeast by Tarraconensis. Baetica remained one of ...

(that included the Baetis, Guadalquivir, valley of modern Spain) and extending to all of

Lusitania Lusitania (; ) was an ancient Iberian Roman province encompassing most of modern-day Portugal (south of the Douro River) and a large portion of western Spain (the present Extremadura and Province of Salamanca). Romans named the region after th ...

(modern south and central Portugal,

Extremadura Extremadura ( ; ; ; ; Fala language, Fala: ''Extremaúra'') is a landlocked autonomous communities in Spain, autonomous community of Spain. Its capital city is Mérida, Spain, Mérida, and its largest city is Badajoz. Located in the central- ...

and a small part of Salamanca province). The

included both Celtic speaking and non-Celtic speaking tribes. Some closely fit the concept of a

. Others are confederations or even unions of tribes.

Western Hispano-Celts ( Celts of Western Hispania)

Western Hispano-Celts were Celtic peoples and tribes that inhabited most of north and western Iberian Peninsula regions. They are often confused or taken as synonym of Celtiberians but, in fact, they were a distinct Celtic population that was most part of Iberian Peninsula Celtic populations. They spoke Gallaecian (a Continental Celtic language of the Q Celtic type, a more

Celtic language) which was not Celtiberian (

are often lumped as Hispano-Celtic). * Allotriges / Autrigones – East Burgos (Spain), Northwestern

La Rioja La Rioja () is an autonomous communities in Spain, autonomous community and provinces of Spain, province in Spain, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. Its capital is Logroño. Other List of municipalities in La Rioja, cities and towns in the ...

(Spain) to the Atlantic Coast * Astures – Asturias and northern León (Spain), and east of Trás os Montes (Portugal), (tribal confederation). ** Cismontani *** *** Cabruagenigi *** Gigurri *** Lancienses *** Lougei *** Orniaci *** Superatii *** Susarri/ Astures Proper *** Tiburi *** Zoelae – Eastern Trás-os-Montes (Portugal), ( Miranda do Douro). ** Transmontani *** Baedunienses *** Brigaentini *** Cabarci *** Iburri *** Luggones/ Lungones *** Paenii *** Paesici *** Saelini *** Vinciani *** Viromenici. Might be related to the Viromandui. * Bebryaces / Berybraces – unknown location, may have been related to the Bebryces (gauls) or the Berones, there is also the possibility that it was an old name of the Celtiberians. * Berones –

(Spain). Could have been related to the Eburones. * Cantabri –

Cantabria Cantabria (, ; ) is an autonomous community and Provinces of Spain, province in northern Spain with Santander, Cantabria, Santander as its capital city. It is called a , a Nationalities and regions of Spain, historic community, in its current ...

, part of

Asturias Asturias (; ; ) officially the Principality of Asturias, is an autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in northwest Spain. It is coextensive with the provinces of Spain, province of Asturias and contains some of the territory t ...

and part of

Castile and León Castile and León is an Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in northwestern Spain. Castile and León is the largest autonomous community in Spain by area, covering 94,222 km2. It is, however, sparsely populated, with a pop ...

(Spain); some consider them not Celtic, may have been Pre-Celtic

as could have been the

Lusitani The Lusitanians were an Indo-European languages, Indo-European-speaking people living in the far west of the Iberian Peninsula, in present-day central Portugal and Extremadura and Castilla y Leon of Spain. It is uncertain whether the Lusitanians ...

and

Vettones The Vettones (Greek language, Greek: ''Ouettones'') were an Prehistoric Iberia#Iron Age, Iron Age pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula. Origins Lujan (2007) concludes that some of the names of the Vettones show clearly Hispano-Celtic lan ...

br>
If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an

language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). A Tribal confederation. ** Avarigines ** Blendii / Plentusii / Plentuisii ** Camarici / Tamarici ** Concani / Gongani – two tribes of similar name (the Britannia Gangani and Hibernia Gangani) lived in

Britannia The image of Britannia () is the national personification of United Kingdom, Britain as a helmeted female warrior holding a trident and shield. An image first used by the Romans in classical antiquity, the Latin was the name variously appli ...

and Hibernia, they could have been three branches of the same tribe, three related tribes with common ancestors or three different tribes that shared similar names. ** Coniaci / Conisci ** Moroecani ** Noegi ** Orgenomesci ** Salaeni / Selaeni ** Vadinienses ** Vellici / Velliques * Caristii / Carietes – today's West Basque Country, they may have been Celtic (see Late Basquisation), they were later assimilated by the Vascones in the 6th and 7th centuries CE; Some consider them not Celtic, may have been a Pre-Celtic

people as the

and

could have bee

If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an

language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). * Carpetani – Central Iberian meseta (Spain), in the geographical centre of the

, in a large part of today's Castilla-La Mancha and

Madrid Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It i ...

regions. A tribal confederation with 27 identified tribes. (the name of these tribes is known today by archaeology discovery of their names in old stellae and not by mention of any known or survived works of Classical Antiquity authors) ** Aelarici / Aelariques ** Aeturici / Aeturiques ** Arquioci - in Iplacea, Roman named Complutum (today's

Alcalá de Henares Alcalá de Henares () is a Spanish municipality of the Community of Madrid. Housing is primarily located on the right (north) bank of the Henares River, Henares. , it has a population of 193,751, making it the region's third-most populated Municip ...

) region. ** Acualici / Acualiques ** Bocourici / Bocouriques ** Canbarici - in Toletum ( Toledo) region. ** Contucianci - in Segobriga region. ** Dagencii ** Dovilici / Doviliques ** Duitici / Duitiques ** Duniques ** Elguismici / Elguismiques ** Langioci ** Longeidoci ** Maganici / Maganiques ** Malugenici / Malugeniques ** Manucici / Manuciques ** Maureici ** Mesici ** Metturici ** Moenicci ** Obisodici / Obisodiques - in Toletum ( Toledo) region ** Pilonicori ** Solici ** Tirtalici / Tirtaliques - in Segobriga region. ** Uloci / Uloques ** Venatioci / Venatioques * Celtici – Portugal south of the

Tagus The Tagus ( ; ; ) is the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula. The river rises in the Montes Universales between Cuenca and Teruel, in mid-eastern Spain, flows , generally westward, and empties into the Atlantic Ocean in Lisbon. Name T ...

and north of Guadiana (''Anas''),

Alentejo Alentejo ( , , ) is a geographical, historical, and cultural region of south–central and southern Portugal. In Portuguese, its name means "beyond the Tagus" (). Alentejo includes the regions of Alto Alentejo Province, Alto Alentejo and Bai ...

and

Algarve The Algarve (, , ) is the southernmost NUTS statistical regions of Portugal, NUTS II region of continental Portugal. It has an area of with 467,495 permanent inhabitants and incorporates 16 municipalities (concelho, ''concelhos'' or ''município ...

(Portugal), western

(Spain), (tribal confederation). ** Celtici of Arunda ( Ronda) – in south Turdetania, later

Roman province, (in today's western Málaga Province),

Andalusia Andalusia ( , ; , ) is the southernmost autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Peninsular Spain, located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomou ...

region (southernmost known Celtic tribe). ** Cempsi ** Conii – according to some scholars, Conii and Cynetes were two different peoples or tribes and the names were not two different names of the same people or tribe; in this case, the Conii may have dwelt along the northern banks of the middle Anas (Guadiana) river, in today's western

region of Spain, and were a Celtici tribe wrongly confused with the Cynetes of Cyneticum (

) that dwelt from the west banks of the Low river Anas (Guadiana) further to the south (the celticization of the Cynetes by the Celtici confused the distinction between the two peoples or tribes).Jorge de Alarcão, “Novas perspectivas sobre os Lusitanos (e outros mundos)”, in Revista portuguesa de Arqueologia, vol. IV, n° 2, 2001, p. 312 e segs. ** Mirobrigenses ** Saephes / Saefes / Sefes - people or tribe of the Celtici that has been identified as synonymous with the Ophi or ''Serpent People'' (their land was called Ophiussa), a people that migrated westward and conquered and expelled an older people known as the Oestriminis, Oestrymni or Oestrimni (in a land that was called Oestriminis). **Unknown tribes *Callaici, Gallaeci / Callaici (Calaici, Gallecians) – Gallaecia (Portugal & Galicia). Western Hispano-Celts largest tribal confederation. **Abobrigenses **Addovi / Iadovi **Aebocosi **Aedui (Gallaecian tribe) **Albiones / Albioni – western

(Spain). **Amphiloci **Aquaflavienses / Aquiflavienses - Vila Real District (Chaves, Portugal, Chaves), (

) **Arroni / Arrotrebi **Artabri, Arrotrebae / Artabri (Artabri, Turodes Artabri) – Northern Galicia (Spain), They might be related to the Atrebates of Gallia Belgica. **Artodii **Aunonenses **Baedi **Banienses – around Baião Municipality, Eastern Porto District, (Portugal). **Barhantes **Bibali / Bibali, Biballi **Bracari / Bracari, Callaeci Bracari – roughly in today's Braga District, (Portugal). **Brassii **Brigantes (Gallaecian tribe) – Northern Bragança District, Bragança, Portugal, Bragança, (Portugal). **Caladuni **Capori / Copori **Celtici (Gallaecian) ***Celtici Praestamarici ***Celtici Supertamarici **Cibarci **Cileni **Coelerni – southwestern Ourense Province (Spain), south of Minho (river). **Cuci (Gallaecian tribe), Cuci **Egi **Egovarri / Varri Namarini **Equaesi – Minho Province, Minho and Trás-os-Montes (Portugal). **Gallaeci (Proper), Gallaeci or Gallaeci (Proper), Callaeci Proper, this tribe gave name to the larger tribal confederation of the same name (not the same tribe as the Bracari) - roughly in today's Porto District (Portuguese District = County) west of the Tâmega (river), Tâmega. **Grovii / (Grovii, Turodes Grovii) – Minho (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain). **Iadones **Interamici / Interamnici – Trás-os-Montes (Portugal). **Lapatianci **Lemavi **Leuni – Minho (Portugal). **Limici – Lima (river), Lima river banks, Minho (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain). **Louguei **Luanqui – Trás-os-Montes (Portugal). **Naebisoci / Aebisoci **Namarii **Narbasi -Minho (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain). **Nemetati – Minho (Portugal). **Nerii / Nerii, Neri **Poemani, they might be related to the Paemani. **Quaquerni / Querquerni – Minho (Portugal). **Segodii **Seurbi – Minho (Portugal). **Seurri – Sarria Municipality, East Central Galicia (Spain) **Tamagani – Chaves, Portugal, Chaves (Portugal). **Tongobrigenses **Turodi / Turodi, Turodes – Trás-os-Montes (Portugal) and Galicia (Spain). * Cynetes – Cyneticum (today's

region) and Low

(Portugal); originally probably Tartessian language, Tartessians or similar, later celtized by the Celtici; according to some scholars, Cynetes and Conii were two different peoples or tribes.
*Oestriminis, Oestrymni or Oestrimni or Oestriminis, Oestrymini - They lived in far-western

in coastal Atlantic regions (today's Galicia (Spain), Galicia and

) before other Celtic peoples, their land was called Oestriminis, Oestryminis or Oestriminis (their existence is not well proven, semi legendary people). *Osismii (Iberian Peninsula) - people mentioned along with the Oestriminis, Oestrymni or may have been the same people. *Plentauri – Northwestern

(Spain). *Turduli – Guadiana valley (Portugal) and

(Spain); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani. **Turduli, Turduli Baetici / Turduli Baetures - Baeturia/Baeturia Turdulorum (ancient northern region of

Province), south and east of the river Anas (Guadiana) and northern slope of Sierra Morena, Marianus Mons (Sierra Morena), Southern

region, Badajoz Province, Portugal Southeastern corner, East Beja District,

region. **Bardili (Turduli), Turduli Bardili – Setubal Peninsula (Portugal); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani. **Turdulorum Oppida, Turduli Oppidani – Estremadura Province (historical), Estremadura and Beira Litoral Province, Beira Litoral (Portugal); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani. **Turduli Veteres – Southern Douro banks, between Douro and Vouga River, Aveiro District, (Portugal); may have been related to Lusitanians, Callaeci or Turdetani. *Turmodigi or Turmogi - Central Burgos. *Vaccaei – North Central Iberian meseta (Spain), middle Duero (river), Duero river basin. A tribal confederation. Ptolemy mentions 20 vaccaean Civitates (that also had the meaning of tribes) **Cauci (Vaccaei) – in Coca, Segovia, Cauca (Coca, Segovia) **Other tribes (19 other tribes mentioned by Ptolemy) *Varduli – today's East Basque Country, they may have been Celtic (see Late Basquisation), they were later assimilated by the Vascones in the 6th and 7th centuries AD; Some consider them not Celtic, may have been a Pre-Celtic

people as the

and

could have been. If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an

language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic

Celtiberians, Eastern Hispano-Celts ( Celtiberians)

Eastern Iberian meseta (Spain), mountains of the headwaters of the rivers Douro,

, Guadiana (''Anas''), Júcar, Jalón (river), Jalón, Jiloca (river), Jiloca and Turia (river), Turia, (tribal confederation). Mixed Celtic and Iberians, Iberian tribes or Celtic tribes influenced by Iberians. Not synonymous of all the

that lived in the

but to a narrower group (the majority of Celtic tribes in the

) were not Celtiberians. They spoke Celtiberian (a Continental Celtic language of the Q Celtic type, a more Conservative (language), conservative Celtic language). *Arevaci (Celtiberian Arevaci – Celtiberian tribe “Before or Close to the Vaccaei” – Are Vaci – Are Vaccaei) *Belli *Cratistii *Lobetani *Lusones – Western Zaragoza (province), Eastern Guadalajara (province), Guadalajara (Spain). *Mantesani / Mentesani / Mantasani – La Mancha Plateau, Castilla-La Mancha (Spain); they were a different people from the Oretani. *Olcades *Oretani? – northeastern

, northwest Region of Murcia, Múrcia and southern fringes of La Mancha, (Spain), mountains of the headwaters of the Guadalquivir (ancient river ''Baetis''); Some consider them not Celti

(see Germani (Oretania)). *Pellendones / Cerindones, in high Duero river course (Numantia) and neighboring mountains, may also have been related to the Pelendi/Belendi that dwelt in the middle of the river Sigmatis, today's Leyre (river), Leyre. *Titii (Celtiberian) *Turboletae / Turboleti *Uraci / Duraci *Possible Celtiberian tribe **Belendi / Pelendi – Belin-Béliet, Belinum territory (Belin-Béliet), in the middle Sigmatis river (in today's Leyre (river), Leyre) river area, south of the Bituriges Vivisci and the Boii Boiates; they may have been related to the Pellendones (a Celtiberians, Celtiberian tribe). Although they dwelt in Aquitania Proper, they seem to have been a Celtic tribe and not a tribe of the

(a people that may have been the ancestor of the

Insular Celts

Insular Celts were the Celtic peoples and tribes that inhabited the

(Great Britain), the main largest island to the east, and Hibernia (Ireland), the main smaller island to the west. There were three or four distinct Celtic populations in these islands, in

inhabited the Britons, the Caledonians or Picts, the Belgae (not surely known if they were a Celtic people or a distinct but closely related one); in Hibernia inhabited the Gaels, Hibernians or Gaels, Goidels or Gaels. Britons and Caledonians or Picts spoke the

type languages, a more

Celtic language (*kʷ > p) while Gaels, Hibernians or Gaels, Goidels or Gaels spoke

type languages, a more

Celtic language. Classical Antiquity authors did not call the British islands peoples and tribes as Celts or Galli but by the name Britons (in Britannia). They only used the name Celts or Gauls for the peoples and tribes of mainland Europe.

Britons (ancient), Britons (Celts)

They spoke Common Brittonic, Brittonic (an Insular Celtic languages, Insular Celtic language of the P Celtic type). They lived in

, it was the name Romans gave, based on the name of the people: the Britons (Celtic people), Britanni. Some closely fit the concept of a

but others are confederations or even unions of tribes. *Ancalites (mentioned by Julius Caesar, Caesar; uncertain: speculatively Hampshire and Wiltshire) (they may have been later conquered by the possibly Belgae, Belgian Catuvellauni) *Attacotti (origin uncertain) *Bibroci (mentioned by Julius Caesar, Caesar; location uncertain but possibly Berkshire) (they may have been later conquered by the possibly Belgae, Belgian Catuvellauni) *Boresti (sometimes ''Horesti'') (In or near Fife, Scotland according to Tacitus) *Brigantes (an important tribe in most of Northern England and in the south-east corner of Ireland) *Cantiaci (in present-day Kent which preserves the ancient tribal name) *Carvetii (Cumberland) *Cassi (mentioned by Julius Caesar, Caesar; possibly south-east England) (they may have been later conquered by the possibly Belgae, Belgian Catuvellauni) *Corieltauvi / Coritani (East Midlands including Leicester) *Corionototae (possibly a tribe, a subtribe of the Brigantes or a group of warriors) (Northumberland) *Cornovii (Midlands) *Damnonii (Southwestern Scotland) *Deceangli (Flintshire, Wales) *Demetae (Dyfed, Wales) *Dobunni (Cotswolds and Severn valley) *Dumnonii (Devon, Cornwall, Somerset) **Cornovii (Cornwall) (a sub-tribe of the Dumnonii) *Durotriges (Dorset, south Somerset, south Wiltshire, possibly the Isle of Wight *Gabrantovices (North Yorkshire) * Gangani (Llŷn Peninsula, Wales) - A tribe of the same name, the Gangani (''Ganganoi''), lived in Hibernia's southwestern coast, they could have been two branches of the same tribe, two related tribes with common ancestors or two different tribes that shared similar names. A tribe of similar name, the Gongani or Concani, was a tribe of the Cantabri, they could have been another branch of the same tribe, related tribes with common ancestors or a different tribe that shared a similar name. *Iceni-Cenimagni (may have been the same tribe) **Cenimagni (Iceni, Iceni Magni?) (mentioned by Julius Caesar, Caesar; perhaps the same as the Iceni) **Iceni (East Anglia) – under Boudica, they rebelled against Roman rule *Novantae (Galloway and Carrick, Scotland, Carrick) *Ordovices (Gwynedd, Wales) – they waged guerrilla warfare from the north Wales hills * Parisi (East Riding of Yorkshire). A tribe of similar name, the Parisii (Gaul), Parisii, dwelt in

region,

. *Segontiaci (mentioned by Julius Caesar, Caesar; probably south-east England) (they may have been later conquered by the possibly Belgae, Belgian Catuvellauni) *Selgovae (Dumfriesshire and the Kirkcudbrightshire, Stewartry of Kirkcudbright) *Setantii (possibly a tribe) (Lancashire) *Silures (south Wales) – resisted the Romans in present-day south Wales *Trinovantes / Trinobantes (Essex) – neighbours of the Iceni, they joined in their rebellion *Votadini / Otadini (north-east England and south-east Scotland) – they later formed Gododdin

Picts / Caledonians

They were a different people from the Britons (Celtic people), Britons, but may have shared common ancestry. They lived as a tribal confederation in Caledonia (today's Northern Scotland); the Caledonian Forest (Caledonian Forest, Caledonia Silva) was in their land. *Caledonians / Caledones - a tribal confederation **Caledones Proper / Caledonii Proper (along the Great Glen) **Taexali/Taezali (Angus, Scotland, Angus and Grampian) **Vacomagi (in and around the Cairngorms) **Venicones (Fife and south-west Tayside in Scotland) *Carnonacae (western Scottish Highlands, Highlands) *Caereni, Carini or Caereni (far western Scottish Highlands, Highlands) *Cateni (north and west of Sutherland) – they gave the county its Gaelic name Cataibh *Cornovii (Caithness), Cornovii/Cornavii (far northern mainland Scotland) (northernmost known Celtic tribe) *Creones (Argyll) *Decantae or Decantae, Ducantae (eastern Ross, Scotland, Ross and Black Isle) *Epidii (Kintyre and neighboring islands) *Lugi (southern Sutherland) *Maeatae / Maetae (Maeatae, Miathi?) *Smertae (central Sutherland) *Tribe of unknown name in the Faroe Islands (may have been Picts) *Tribe of unknown name in the Orkney Islands (may have been Picts) *Tribe of unknown name in the Shetland Islands (may have been Picts)

Gaels, Goidels / Gaels / Gaels, Hibernians

They spoke Goidelic (an Insular Celtic languages, Insular Celtic language of the Q Celtic type. According to Ptolemy's ''Geography (Ptolemy), Geography'' (2nd century AD) (in brackets the names are in Greek as on the map): *Uaithni, Autini (''Aouteinoi'' - ''Auteinoi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Brigantes#Brigantes in Ireland, Brigantes ( Britons? A tribe of the same name lived in northern Roman Britain, Britannia or they could have been two different tribes that shared the same name) *Cauci (Καῦκοι, ''Kaukoi'' on the map) A tribe of the same name (Chauci) lived in Northern

or they could have been two different tribes that shared the same name. *Coriondi (or ''Koriondoi'') A tribe of a similar name (Corionototae) lived in Northern

. *Darini (''Darinoi'') *Eblani (''Eblanioi'') *Erdini (''Erdinoi'') * Gangani (''Ganganoi'') ( Britons? A tribe of the same name lived in western Roman Britain, Britannia (today's northwestern Wales) they could have been two branches of the same tribe, two related tribes with common ancestors or two different tribes that shared similar names. *Iverni (''Iouernoi'' - ''Iwernoi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Manapii (''Manapioi'') (Belgae? A tribe of similar name, the Menapii, lived in the coast of

province or they could have been two different tribes that shared similar names) *Nagnatae or Magnatae (''Nagnatai'' or ''Magnatai'') *Robogdii (''Rhobogdioi'') *Usdiae (''Ousdiai'' - ''Usdiai'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Uterni (''Outernoi'' - ''Uternoi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Velabri or Vellabori (''Ouellaboroi'' - ''Wellabrioi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Vennicnii (''Ouenniknioi'' - ''Wenniknioi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) *Volunti (''Ouolountioi'' - ''Woluntioi'' on the map, not the Greek spelling) – identifiable with the Ulaidh/Uluti *Later peoples **Scoti, Scotti (western portion of Scotland, later they expanded for most part of the country) - a later people from late Classical antiquity and early Middle Ages, descendant from ancient North Ireland tribes (mostly from the Darini, Robogdii and Volunti / Uluti) that crossed the North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland), North Channel, they formed the kingdoms of Ulaid and Dál Riata.

Possible Para-Celts

Para-Celtic has the meaning that these peoples had common ancestors with the

but were not Celts themselves (although they were later Celticized and belong to a Celtic culture sphere of influence), they were not direct descendants from the Proto-Celts. They may in fact have been Proto-Celto-Italic, predating the Celtic or Italic languages, Italic languages and originated earlier from either Proto-Celts, Proto-Celtic or Proto-Italics, Proto-Italic populations who spread from

into Western Europe after new Yamnaya migrations into the Danube Valley.Indoeuropeos y no Indoeuropeos en la Hispania Prerromana, Salamanca: Universidad, 2000 Alternatively, a European branch of Indo-European dialects, termed "North-west Indo-European" and associated with the Beaker culture, may have been ancestral to not only Celtic and Italic languages, Italic, but also to Germanic languages, Germanic and Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic.

Belgae

Source:

A people or a group of related tribes that dwelt in

, parts of

, and may have dwelt in parts of Hibernia and also parts of

(large tribal confederation). According to classical authors works, like Caesar's De Bello Gallico, they were a different people and spoke a different language (Ancient Ancient Belgian language, Belgic) from the

and Britons (Celtic people), Britons; they were clearly an Indo-European people and may have spoken a Celtic language. There is also the possibility that their language may have been a different language branch of Indo-European from the Nordwestblock culture, which may have been intermediary between Germanic languages, Germanic and Celtic, and might have been affiliated to Italic languages, Italic (according to a Maurits Gysseling hypothesis). *Mainlander Belgae (in

) **Ambiani – Amiens ** Ambivareti **Atrebates (in

) – Arras **Bellovaci – Beauvais **Caletes, Caleti/Caletes – Harfleur (''Caracotinum''), later Lillebonne (''Juliobona'') **Catalauni / Catalauni, Gaul Catuvellauni – Châlons-en-Champagne **Catuslogi ** Eburones (mixed Belgae and Germani cisrhenani people) **Leuci – Toul (''Tullum Leucorum'') **Mediomatrici – Metz **Meldi – Marne (department), Marne (''Matrona'') – Meaux **Menapii – Cassel, France, Cassel. A tribe of similar name, the Manapii (''Manapioi''), lived in southeastern Hibernia (modern Ireland) coast, they could have been two branches of the same tribe, two related tribes with common ancestors or two different tribes that shared similar names. **Morini – Boulogne-sur-Mer **Nervii – Bavay, Belgae largest tribal confederation. ***Ceutrones (Belgae) ***Geidumni ***Grudii ***Levaci ***Nervii Proper ***Pleumoxii **Remi – Reims **Silvanectii – Senlis **Suessiones – Soissons ( Suessetani may have been related, result of a migration towards south)Mountain, Harry. (1997). ''The Celtic Encyclopedia'' p.225 (v. 1) **Tencteri –

east bank, may have been a Celtic tribe (and not a Germanic one) or a mixed Belgae and Germanic peoples, Germani tribe. **Treveri – Trier **Usipetes –

east bank, may have been a Celtic tribe (and not a Germanic one) or a mixed Belgae and Germanic peoples, Germani tribe. **Veliocasses/Veliocasses, Velicasses/Veliocasses, Velocasses – Rouen ** Viromandui – Noyon *Islander Belgae (in south and southeast Great Britain) **Atrebates (in

) – an important Belgic tribe of today's Southern England, in Berkshire. Related to or a branch of the Atrebates that lived in Gallia Belgica. **Belgae (tribe) (in

) – Belgic tribe, in today's England's south coast, Isle of Wight, Hampshire, Wiltshire **Catuvellauni (

, today's Hertfordshire) – Belgic tribe, neighbours of the Iceni, they joined in their rebellion. May have been related to the Catalauni. May have conquered and assimilated the Ancalites, Bibroci, Cassi, part of the Iceni (Cenimagni) and the Segontiaci, which were Britons (ancient), Brittonic or Britons (ancient), British tribes (Insular Celts). **Regni / Regnenses – Belgic tribe, in today's East Hampshire, Sussex and Surrey *Possible Belgae tribe ** Suessetani - Far North Western Aragon and Far South Eastern Navarra (Spain), between the rivers Gallicus ( Gállego) and Low Aragón (river), Aragon, and between the river Ebro and Sierra de Santo Domingo mountains. Alba (Arba) river basin (a tributary of the Ebro) was in the centre of their territory that also included the Bardenas Reales. Corbio was their capital. They were north of the Celtiberians, south of the Iacetani and the Vascones, west of the Galli (tribe). They were later conquered by the Vascones in the 2nd Century B.C. which were allies of the Ancient Rome, Romans. Could have been related to the Suessiones (a tribe of the Belgae).

Ligurians

Northern Mediterranean Coast straddling South-east France, French and North-west Italy, Italian coasts, including far Northern and Northwestern Tuscany and Corsica. Because of the strong Celtic influences on their language and culture, they were known already in antiquity as Celto-Ligurians (in Greek , ''Keltolígues''). Very little is known about this language, Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (mainly place names and personal names remain) which is generally believed to have been Celtic or Para-Celtic; (i.e. an

language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). They spoke ancient Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian. *Alpini / Montani *Apuani – Eastern Liguria from the Northern Apennines Mountains to the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast. *Bagienni (or Vagienni) – (in the area of Bene Vagienna) *Bimbelli *Briniates (or Boactes) – (in the area of Brugnato) *Celelates *Cerdiciates *Commoni * Cosmonates *Deciates – (a tribe that dwelt in the region of Antibes, Antipolis (Antibes) west of the river Var (river), Varus (Var), in modern

) *Epanterii * Euburiates *Friniates – (in the area now called Pavullo nel Frignano, Frignano) *Garuli – (in the area of Cenisola) *Genuates – (in the area of Genoa, Genua - Genoa) *Hercates *Ilvates (or Iluates) – (if different from the Iriates) (on the island of Elba) *Iriates / Ilvates / Mainland Ilvates (Iluates?) *Ingauni – Western Liguria from the Northern Apennines Mountains and Ligurian Alps to the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast. *Intemelii - Western Liguria from the Ligurian Alps to the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast, west of the Ingauni, in the Ventimiglia, Albium Intemelium area (today's Ventimiglia). *Laevi – a Ligurian tribe that dwelt in the low river Ticino (river), Ticinus (Ticino), according to both Livy & Pliny. According to Livy (v. 34), they took part in the expedition of Bellovesus into Italy in the 6th century BC *Langates *Lapicini (or Lapicinii) – In the extreme northern regions of Liguria, as it was defined in Roman times, on a tributary of the Magra * Libici / Libui – Between the rivers Duria Bautica/Dora Baltea, Duria Maior (Dora Baltea) and Sesia, Sesites/Sessites (Sesia). *Magelli *Marici (Ligures), Marici – (near the confluence of the rivers Orba (torrente), Orba, Bormida (river), Bormida and Tanaro) *Olivari *Oxybii - a Ligurian tribe that dwelt on the Mediterranean coast between Marseille, Massalia (Marseille) and Antipolis. *Sabates * Segusini (or Cottii) – Western

on Cottian Alps (Susa (Italy), Susa) *Statielli / Statiellates – on the road from Vada Sabatia, near Savona to Tortona, Dertona (Tortona) and Piacenza, Placentia * Sueltri / Suelteri *Tigulli – from the Northern Apennines Mountains to the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean coast, west of the Apuani. * Tricastini *Vediantii *Veiturii *Veleiates / Veliates *Veneni *Possible Ligurian tribes **Corsi people, Corsi ***Belatones (Belatoni) ***Cervini ***Cilebenses (Cilibensi) ***Corsi people, Corsi Proper ***Cumanenses (Cumanesi) ***Lestricones / Lestrigones (Lestriconi / Lestrigoni) ***Licinini ***Longonenses (Longonensi) ***Macrini ***Opini ***Subasani ***Sumbri ***Tarabeni ***Tibulati ***Titiani ***Venacini

Lusitanians-
Vettones The Vettones (Greek language, Greek: ''Ouettones'') were an Prehistoric Iberia#Iron Age, Iron Age pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula. Origins Lujan (2007) concludes that some of the names of the Vettones show clearly Hispano-Celtic lan ...

*Lusitanians (Lusitanians, Lusitani/Lusitanians, Bellitani) –

south of the Douro and north of the

, and northwestern

(

). They spoke Lusitanian language, Lusitanian, a now extinct language which was clearly

but the kinship of it as a Celtic language is not surely proven (although many tribal names and place names, toponyms, are Celtic). Attempts to classify the language have also pointed at an Italic languages, Italic origin or some kinship to the Nordwestblock culture language (Ancient Belgian language, Ancient Belgian). Hence Lusitanian language may have been a Para-Celtic

branch, like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an Indo-European language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). The Lusitanians have also been identified as being a pre-Celtic

speaking culture of the

closely related to the neighbouring

tribal confederation. However, under their controversial theory of Celtic originating in Iberia, John T Koch and Barry Cunliffe have proposed a para-Celtic identity for the Lusitanian language and culture or that they spoke an archaic Proto-Celtic language and were Proto-Celtic in ethnicity. **Arabrigenses **Aravi **Coelarni/Colarni **Interamnienses ** Lancienses ***Lancienses Oppidani ***Lancienses Transcudani ***Ocelenses Lancienses **Meidubrigenses **Paesuri – Douro and Sever do Vouga, Vouga (Portugal). **Palanti (Lusitanian tribes), Palanti **Talures **Tangi (group of tribes), Tangi ***Elbocori ***Igaeditani ***Tapoli, Tapori/Tapoli – river

, around the border area of Portugal and Spain. **Veaminicori **Other Lusitanian tribes? (According to some scholars, these tribes were Lusitanians and not

) ***Calontienses ***Caluri ***Coerenses *

– Ávila, Spain, Ávila and Salamanca (Spain), may have been a Pre-Celtic

people, closely related to the

. If their language was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an

language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). A tribal confederation. **Bletonesii – Ledesma, Salamanca, Bletisama (today's Ledesma, Salamanca, Ledesma) was their main centre, Salamanca Province, Spain. **Other Vettonian tribes? (According to some scholars, these tribes were Lusitanians and not

) ***Calontienses ***Caluri ***Coerenses

Turdetanians

Today's Western

(Hispania Baetica), Baetis ( Guadalquivir) river valley and basin, Sierra Morena, Marianus Mons (Sierra Morena), some consider them Celtic, may have been Pre-Celtic

people as the

and

. If their language, called Tartessian language, Turdetanian or Tartessian language, Tartessian, was not Celtic it may have been Para-Celtic like Ligurian language (ancient), Ligurian (i.e. an

language branch not Celtic but more closely related to Celtic). Also may have been a non-Indo-European people related to the Iberians, but not the same people. A tribal confederation but with much more centralized power, may have formed an early form of Monarchy, Kingdom or a Proto-civilisation (see Tartessos) *Cilbiceni – approximately in today's Cádiz Province *Elbisini / Eloesti / Olbisini – in today's Huelva Province *Etmanei – in the middle area of ''Baetis'' ( Guadalquivir) river course and surrounding region, approximately in today's Córdoba Province, Spain, Córdoba Province *Gletes / Galetes / Ileates – in Sierra Morena, Marianus Mons (Sierra Morena), approximately in today's northern areas of the provinces of Huelva Province, Huelva, Seville Province, Seville and Córdoba Province, Spain, Córdoba *Turdetani / Tartessii Proper – in the low course of the river '' Baetis'' (which they called ''Guadalquivir, Rherkēs'' or ''Guadalquivir, Kertis'') ( Guadalquivir) and surrounding region, approximately in today's Seville Province

Veneti (Adriatic Veneti)

Transitional people between

and

? Celticized Italic people? Para-Celtic people? *Catali *Catari *Histri *Liburnians **Caulici **Enchealae **Hymanes **Hythmitae **Ismeni **Lopsi **Mentores **Peucetiae **Syopii *Secusses *Subocrini *Adriatic Veneti, Veneti Proper *Venetulani

Possible Celts mixed with other peoples

Celto-Dacians, Dacian-Germanic peoples, Germanic

*Osi (ancient tribe), Osi/Osii – areas of modern Slovakia

Celto-Germanic peoples, Germanic

*Germani Cisrhenani / Tungri (etymologies of the tribes names were Celtic; Belgae, Belgic people? Chiefs anthroponyms were also Celtic)

influenced by Germanic peoples, Germanics or the opposite? The name ''Germani'' for ancient authors such as

did not always had an accurate ethnic or linguistic meaning, they were not necessarily Germanic languages, Germanic-speaking. (a collective name for 7 tribes) **Aduatuci / Atuatuci **Ambivaretes / Ambivareti **Caemani / Paemani **Caeraesi / Caeroesi / Caerosi **Condrusi ** Eburones (later Toxandri / Texuandri?) **Segni *Lugii – north and northeast of the Boii and Volcae, areas of modern far southwestern and far southern Poland; also may have been a Germanic tribe. *Tencteri? (name etymology is Celtic) *Usipetes?

Celtic-Germanic peoples, Germanic-Iranian peoples, Iranian

, a Celt, Celto-Germanic peoples, Germanic people, and according to

"the bravest nation on earth". Possibly originating in Galicia (Eastern Europe) from the interaction between

, Germanic peoples, Germanics and Sarmatians, Sarmatian Iranian peoples. **Peucini

Celto-Illyrians?

*Iapydes / Iapodes / Japodes **Posenoi, a community of the Iapodes

Iberians, Ibero- Celto- Ligurians

*Elisyces / Elisyces, Helisyces - a tribe that dwelt in the region of Narbo ( Narbonne) and modern northern Roussillon. May have been either Iberians, Iberian or Ligurians, Ligurian or a Celto- Ligurian-Iberians, Iberian tribe.

Non-Celtic people, heavily Celticized

Rhaetians

They lived in the Central

, eastern parts of present-day Switzerland, the Tyrol (state), Tyrol in Austria, and the Alpine regions of northern Italy. They spoke the Rhaetian language. There is evidence that much of the non-Celtic (and Pre-Indo-European Europe, Pre-Indo-European) elements (see Tyrsenian languages) of their territory had, by the time of Augustus, been assimilated to varying degrees by the influx of Celtic tribes and had adopted Celtic speech. In addition, the abundance of Celtic toponyms leads to the conclusion that, by the time of Roman conquest, the Rhaetians were significantly Celticized. *Benlauni - Upper valley of fl. Inn, Aenus (r. Inn) in today's North Tirol, Austria, along with the Breuni (may have been older dwellers than the Breuni), not the same as the Breuni, Innsbruck, Pons Aeni (modern Wasserburg am Inn, Wasserburg) was their main centre. *Breuni / Brenni/Breones - Upper valley of fl. Inn, Aenus (r. Inn) in today's North Tirol, Austria, and Val Bregna and around Brenner Mountain; also may have been an Illyrian tribes, Illyrian tribe and not a Rhaetian people, Rhaetian one. *Brixenetes / Brixentes / Brixantae - Upper valley of fl. Adige, Athesis (r. Adige) in today's South Tirol, Italy, around Bressanone/Brixen. *Calucones / Culicones - Calanda (mountain), Calanda (upper valley of fl. Rhenus - r. Rhine) in today's Grisons canton, Switzerland and Valtellina, Colico. *Camunni / Camuni - Val Camonica (river Oglio) in today's Brescia Province (Lombardia, Italy); also may have been a tribe of the Euganei and not a Rhaetian people, Rhaetian tribe. *Camunni – in the Valcamonica and Valtellina valleys of the Central Alps. A celticized Rhaetian people, Rhaetic tribe. Some consider them to be Celtic. *Consuanetae / Cosuanetes/Cotuantii? - Upper and middle valley of fl.

us (r. Isar) ( Bavarian Alps) in today's Upper Bavaria, Germany; also may have been a tribe of the Vindelici (a tribal confederacy), named Cotuantii (if they are the same). *Focunates - Upper valley of fl. Aenus (r. Inn) in today's North Tirol, Austria, neighbours to Genaunes and Breuni. *Genaunes / Genauni - Upper valleys of the fl. Aenus (r. Inn) and the Adige, Athesis (Adige) in today's Tyrol (state), Tirol (North Tirol and South Tirol); also may have been an Illyrian tribes, Illyrian tribe and not a Rhaetian people, Rhaetian one; east of the Lepontii. *Isarci - Valley of fl. Eisack, Isarcus (r. Isarco) in today's South Tirol, Italy. *Medoaci - close to the Brenta (river), Meduacum (Brenta) source, Borgo Valsugana, Ausugum (Borgo Valsugana) was their main town. *Mesiales - south of the Lepontii. *Naunes - in Val di Non, Trento Province. *Querquani - in Quero, Veneto, Quero area (today's Belluno Province, Veneto region, Veneto Region). * Rucinates / Rucantii? - Between rivers

us (

) and Danuvius (Danube), Low Bavaria; also may have been a tribe of the Vindelici (a tribal confederation). *Rugusci / Ruigusci/Rucantii? Upper Engadin (fl. Aenus - r. Inn) in today's Grisons canton, Switzerland. *Suanetes / Suanitae / Sarunetes - Upper Rhenus (Upper Rhine) and Valley of r. Albula (river), Albula in today's Grisons canton, Switzerland. *Tridentini - in the middle Adige, Athesis (Adige) river basin. *Trumpilini / Trumplini - Val Trompia in today's Brescia Province, Italy; also may have been a tribe of the Euganei and not a Rhaetian tribe. * Vennonetes / Vennones / Vennonienses - Upper valley of fl. Rhenus (r. Rhine) in today's canton of St. Gallen, Switzerland; also may not have been a Rhaetian tribe but instead a tribe of the Vindelici (a tribal confederation). *Venostes - Vinschgau (It. Val Venosta) (fl. Adige, Athesis - r. Adige) in today's South Tirol, Italy.

Notes

References

* Alberro, Manuel and Arnold, Bettina (eds.),
e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
', University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Center for Celtic Studies, 2005. * Haywood, John. (2001). ''Atlas of the Celtic World''. London: Thames & Hudson. * Kruta, Venceslas. (2000). ''Les Celtes, Histoire et Dictionnaire''. Paris: Éditions Robert Laffont, coll. « Bouquins ». . * Mallory, J.P. and Douglas Q. Adams (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. .

External links

* https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/ - electronic Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies by the Center for Celtic Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. * http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/home.html – 51 complete works of authors from Classical Antiquity (Greek and Roman). * http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Caesar/Gallic_War/home.html – Julius Caesar text of De Bello Gallico (Gallic War). * http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Caesar/Spanish_War/home.html – Unknown author text (about Julius Caesar in Hispania) of De Bello Hispaniensi (Spanish War). * http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/home.html – Pliny the Elder text of Naturalis Historia (Natural History) – books 3–6 (Geography and Ethnography). * http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/home.html – Strabo's text of De Geographica (The Geography). {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Celtic Tribes Historical Celtic peoples, Lists of ancient people, Celtic Lists of ethnic groups, Celtic

Continental Celts

Eastern Celts

Galatians

Gauls The Gauls (; , ''Galátai'') were a group of Celts, Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age Europe, Iron Age and the Roman Gaul, Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). Th ...
( Galli or Celtae)

Cisalpine Gauls

Lepontine Celts

Celto- Ligurians / Gallo- Ligurians

Hispano-Celts / Celts of Hispania

Western Hispano-Celts ( Celts of Western Hispania)

Celtiberians, Eastern Hispano-Celts ( Celtiberians)

Insular Celts

Britons (ancient), Britons (Celts)

Picts / Caledonians

Gaels, Goidels / Gaels / Gaels, Hibernians

Possible Para-Celts

Belgae

Ligurians

Lusitanians-
Vettones The Vettones (Greek language, Greek: ''Ouettones'') were an Prehistoric Iberia#Iron Age, Iron Age pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula. Origins Lujan (2007) concludes that some of the names of the Vettones show clearly Hispano-Celtic lan ...

Turdetanians

Veneti (Adriatic Veneti)

Possible Celts mixed with other peoples

Celto-Dacians, Dacian-Germanic peoples, Germanic

Celto-Germanic peoples, Germanic

Celtic-Germanic peoples, Germanic-Iranian peoples, Iranian

Celto-Illyrians?

Iberians, Ibero- Celto- Ligurians

Non-Celtic people, heavily Celticized

Rhaetians

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Continental Celts

Eastern Celts

Galatians

Gauls The Gauls (; , ''Galátai'') were a group of Celts, Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age Europe, Iron Age and the Roman Gaul, Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). Th ... ( Galli or Celtae)

Cisalpine Gauls

Lepontine Celts

Celto- Ligurians / Gallo- Ligurians

Hispano-Celts / Celts of Hispania

Western Hispano-Celts ( Celts of Western Hispania)

Celtiberians, Eastern Hispano-Celts ( Celtiberians)

Insular Celts

Britons (ancient), Britons (Celts)

Picts / Caledonians

Gaels, Goidels / Gaels / Gaels, Hibernians

Possible Para-Celts

Belgae

Ligurians

Lusitanians-Vettones The Vettones (Greek language, Greek: ''Ouettones'') were an Prehistoric Iberia#Iron Age, Iron Age pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula. Origins Lujan (2007) concludes that some of the names of the Vettones show clearly Hispano-Celtic lan ...

Turdetanians

Veneti (Adriatic Veneti)

Possible Celts mixed with other peoples

Celto-Dacians, Dacian-Germanic peoples, Germanic

Celto-Germanic peoples, Germanic

Celtic-Germanic peoples, Germanic-Iranian peoples, Iranian

Celto-Illyrians?

Iberians, Ibero- Celto- Ligurians

Non-Celtic people, heavily Celticized

Rhaetians

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Gauls The Gauls (; , ''Galátai'') were a group of Celts, Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age Europe, Iron Age and the Roman Gaul, Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). Th ...
( Galli or Celtae)

Lusitanians-
Vettones The Vettones (Greek language, Greek: ''Ouettones'') were an Prehistoric Iberia#Iron Age, Iron Age pre-Roman people of the Iberian Peninsula. Origins Lujan (2007) concludes that some of the names of the Vettones show clearly Hispano-Celtic lan ...